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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supplements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Supplements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supplements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_Medline/PubMed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_Medline/PubMed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Use in Medline/PubMed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_Medline/PubMed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_at_ClinicalTrials.gov" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_at_ClinicalTrials.gov"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Use at ClinicalTrials.gov</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_at_ClinicalTrials.gov-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Categories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Categories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Categories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Medical Subject Headings</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نظام فهرسة المواضيع الطبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام فهرسة المواضيع الطبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibbi_subyekt_rubrikas%C4%B1" title="Tibbi subyekt rubrikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tibbi subyekt rubrikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesh_ID" title="Mesh ID – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mesh ID" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="سرعنوان‌های موضوعی پزشکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرعنوان‌های موضوعی پزشکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%98%ED%95%99%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%9C%ED%91%9C%EB%AA%A9" title="의학주제표목 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="의학주제표목" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%95" title="चिकित्सा विषय शीर्षक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चिकित्सा विषय शीर्षक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മെഡിക്കൽ സബ്‌ജക്ട് ഹെഡിങ്ങ്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെഡിക്കൽ സബ്‌ജക്ട് ഹെഡിങ്ങ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajuk_Subjek_Perubatan" title="Tajuk Subjek Perubatan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tajuk Subjek Perubatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="மருத்துவப் பாடத் தலைப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மருத்துவப் பாடத் தலைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="หัวข้อเนื้อหาทางการแพทย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หัวข้อเนื้อหาทางการแพทย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="عنوانات موضوعات طب – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عنوانات موضوعات طب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E8%AF%8D" title="医学主题词 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="医学主题词" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=MeSH_(identifier)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="MeSH (identifier)">MeSH (identifier)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"MeSH" redirects here. For the organic chemical, see <a href="/wiki/Methanethiol" title="Methanethiol">Methanethiol</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Controlled vocabulary</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Medical Subject Headings</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Medical_Subject_Headings_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Medical_Subject_Headings_logo.png/220px-Medical_Subject_Headings_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Medical_Subject_Headings_logo.png/330px-Medical_Subject_Headings_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Medical_Subject_Headings_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="441" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Content</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Description</th><td class="infobox-data">Medical Subject Headings</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Data types<br />captured</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Controlled_vocabulary" title="Controlled vocabulary">controlled vocabulary</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Contact</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Research_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Research center">Research center</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine">United States National Library of Medicine</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">National Center for Biotechnology Information</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Laboratory</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine">United States National Library of Medicine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Authors</th><td class="infobox-data">F. B. Rogers<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Primary citation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13982385">13982385</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Access</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/">nlm.nih.gov/mesh</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Medical Subject Headings</b> (<b>MeSH</b>) is a comprehensive <a href="/wiki/Controlled_vocabulary" title="Controlled vocabulary">controlled vocabulary</a> for the purpose of indexing <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">journal</a> articles and books in the <a href="/wiki/Life_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Life science">life sciences</a>. It serves as a thesaurus that facilitates searching. Created and updated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine">United States National Library of Medicine</a> (NLM), it is used by the <a href="/wiki/MEDLINE" title="MEDLINE">MEDLINE</a>/<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> article database and by NLM's catalog of book holdings. MeSH is also used by <a href="/wiki/ClinicalTrials.gov" title="ClinicalTrials.gov">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> registry to classify which diseases are studied by trials registered in ClinicalTrials. </p><p>MeSH was introduced in the 1960s, with the NLM's own index catalogue and the subject headings of the Quarterly Cumulative Index Medicus (1940 edition) as precursors. The yearly printed version of MeSH was discontinued in 2007; MeSH is now available only online.<sup id="cite_ref-factsheet_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factsheet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can be browsed and downloaded free of charge through PubMed. Originally in English, MeSH has been translated into numerous other languages and allows retrieval of documents from different origins. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MeSH vocabulary is divided into four types of terms. The main ones are the "headings" (also known as MeSH headings or <i>descriptors</i><sup id="cite_ref-factsheet_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factsheet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), which describe the subject of each article (e.g., "Body Weight", "Brain Edema" or "Critical Care Nursing"). Most of these are accompanied by a short description or definition, links to related descriptors, and a list of synonyms or very similar terms (known as <i>entry terms</i>). MeSH contains approximately 30,000 entries (as of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) and is updated annually to reflect changes in medicine and medical terminology.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MeSH terms are arranged in alphabetic order and in a hierarchical structure by subject categories with more specific terms arranged beneath broader terms. When we search for a MeSH term, the most specific MeSH terms are automatically included in the search. This is known as the <i>extended search</i> or <i>explode</i> of that MeSH term. This additional information and the hierarchical structure (see below) make the MeSH essentially a <a href="/wiki/Thesaurus_(information_retrieval)" title="Thesaurus (information retrieval)">thesaurus</a>, rather than a plain subject headings list.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second type of term, MeSH <i>subheadings</i> or <i>qualifiers</i> (see below), can be used with MeSH terms to more completely describe a particular aspect of a subject, such as adverse, diagnostic or genetic effects. For example, the drug therapy of asthma is displayed as asthma/drug therapy. </p><p>The remaining two types of term are those that describe the type of material that the article represents (<i>publication types</i>), and <i>supplementary concept records</i> (SCR) which describes substances such as chemical products and drugs that are not included in the headings (see below as "<a href="#Supplements">Supplements</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-Campos-Asensio_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campos-Asensio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Descriptor_hierarchy">Descriptor hierarchy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Descriptor hierarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>descriptors</i> or <i>subject headings</i> are arranged in a hierarchy. A given descriptor may appear at several locations in the hierarchical tree. The tree locations carry systematic labels known as <i>tree numbers</i>, and consequently one descriptor can carry several tree numbers. For example, the descriptor "Digestive System Neoplasms" has the tree numbers C06.301 and C04.588.274; C stands for Diseases, C06 for Digestive System Diseases and C06.301 for Digestive System Neoplasms; C04 for Neoplasms, C04.588 for Neoplasms By Site, and C04.588.274 also for Digestive System Neoplasms. The tree numbers of a given descriptor are subject to change as MeSH is updated. Every descriptor also carries a unique alphanumerical ID that will not change. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Descriptions">Descriptions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Descriptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most subject headings come with a short description or definition. See the MeSH description for diabetes type 2 as an example.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The explanatory text is written by the MeSH team based on their standard sources if not otherwise stated. References are mostly encyclopaedias and standard textbooks of the subject areas. References for specific statements in the descriptions are not given; instead, readers are referred to the bibliography.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qualifiers">Qualifiers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Qualifiers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the descriptor hierarchy, MeSH contains a small number of standard <i>qualifiers</i> (also known as <i>subheadings</i>), which can be added to descriptors to narrow down the topic.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, "Measles" is a descriptor and "epidemiology" is a qualifier; "Measles/epidemiology" describes the subheading of epidemiological articles about Measles. The "epidemiology" qualifier can be added to all other disease descriptors. Not all descriptor/qualifier combinations are allowed since some of them may be meaningless. In all there are 83 different qualifiers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supplements">Supplements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Supplements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the descriptors, MeSH also contains some 318,000 <i>supplementary concept records</i>. These do not belong to the controlled vocabulary as such; instead they enlarge the thesaurus and contain links to the closest fitting descriptor to be used in a MEDLINE search. Many of these records describe chemical substances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_Medline/PubMed"><span id="Use_in_Medline.2FPubMed"></span>Use in Medline/PubMed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Use in Medline/PubMed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In MEDLINE/PubMed, every journal article is indexed with about 10–15 subject headings, subheadings and supplementary concept records, with some of them designated as <i>major</i> and marked with an asterisk, indicating the article's major topics. When performing a MEDLINE search via PubMed, entry terms are automatically translated into (i.e., mapped to) the corresponding descriptors with a good degree of reliability; it is recommended to check the 'Details tab' in PubMed to see how a search formulation was translated. By default, a search for a descriptor will include all the descriptors in the hierarchy below the given one. PubMed does not apply automatic mapping of the term in the following circumstances: by writing the quoted phrase (e.g. "kidney allograft"), when truncated on the asterisk (e.g. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335663">.mw-parser-output .mw-tmpl-kbd{background:#EEE;color:var(--color-base)}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-tmpl-kbd{background:#171a1d}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-tmpl-kbd{background:#171a1d}}</style><kbd class="mw-tmpl-kbd" style="letter-spacing:0.05em; padding-left:0.25em; padding-right:0.2em;">kidney allograft *</kbd>), and when looking with field labels (e.g. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335663"><kbd class="mw-tmpl-kbd" style="letter-spacing:0.05em; padding-left:0.25em; padding-right:0.2em;">Cancer [ti]</kbd>).<sup id="cite_ref-Campos-Asensio_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campos-Asensio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_at_ClinicalTrials.gov">Use at ClinicalTrials.gov</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Use at ClinicalTrials.gov"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At <a href="/wiki/ClinicalTrials.gov" title="ClinicalTrials.gov">ClinicalTrials.gov</a>, each trial has keywords that describe the trial. The ClinicalTrials.gov team assigns each trial two sets of MeSH terms. One set is for the conditions studied by the trial and the other for the set of interventions used in the trial. The XML file that can be downloaded for each trial contains these MeSH keywords. The XML file also has a comment that says: "the assignment of MeSH keywords is done by imperfect algorithm". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categories">Categories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the full hierarchy, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes" title="List of MeSH codes">List of MeSH codes</a>.</div> <p>The top-level categories in the MeSH descriptor hierarchy are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">Anatomy</a> [A]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">Organisms</a> [B]</li> <li>Diseases [C]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">Chemicals</a> and Drugs [D]</li> <li>Analytical, <a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">Diagnostic</a> and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a> [F]</li> <li>Phenomena and Processes [G]</li> <li>Disciplines and Occupations [H]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, Education, <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a> and Social Phenomena [I]</li> <li>Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a> [K]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Science">Information Science</a> [L]</li> <li>Named Groups [M]</li> <li>Health Care [N]</li> <li>Publication Characteristics [V]</li> <li>Geographicals [Z]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers1963" class="citation journal cs1">Rogers, F B (January 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC197951">"Medical subject headings"</a>. <i>Bull Med Libr Assoc</i>. <b>51</b> (1): 114–6. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0025-7338">0025-7338</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC197951">197951</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13982385">13982385</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull+Med+Libr+Assoc&rft.atitle=Medical+subject+headings&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=114-6&rft.date=1963-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC197951%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0025-7338&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13982385&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=F+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC197951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+Subject+Headings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-factsheet-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-factsheet_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-factsheet_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/mesh.html">"Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Fact sheet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Medicine">National Library of Medicine</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medical+Subject+Headings+%28MeSH%29+Fact+sheet&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.date=2005-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubs%2Ffactsheets%2Fmesh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+Subject+Headings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/indexfaq.html#keywords">"Frequently Asked Questions about Indexing for MEDLINE"</a>. <i>www.nlm.nih.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nlm.nih.gov&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+about+Indexing+for+MEDLINE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbsd%2Findexfaq.html%23keywords&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+Subject+Headings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/introduction.html">"Introduction to MeSH"</a>. <i>www.nlm.nih.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nlm.nih.gov&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+MeSH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fmesh%2Fintroduction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+Subject+Headings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campos-Asensio-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campos-Asensio_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campos-Asensio_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampos-Asensio2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Campos-Asensio, C. 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"Cómo elaborar una estrategia de búsqueda bibliográfica". <i>Enfermería Intensiva</i> (in Spanish). <b>29</b> (4): 182–186. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.enfi.2018.09.001">10.1016/j.enfi.2018.09.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30291015">30291015</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:188132546">188132546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Enfermer%C3%ADa+Intensiva&rft.atitle=C%C3%B3mo+elaborar+una+estrategia+de+b%C3%BAsqueda+bibliogr%C3%A1fica&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=182-186&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A188132546%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30291015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.enfi.2018.09.001&rft.aulast=Campos-Asensio&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+Subject+Headings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?Db=mesh&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=68003924&ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Mesh.Mesh_ResultsPanel.Mesh_RVDocSum">"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - MeSH"</a>. <i>NCBI</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NCBI&rft.atitle=Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+2+-+MeSH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fmesh%3FDb%3Dmesh%26Cmd%3DShowDetailView%26TermToSearch%3D68003924%26ordinalpos%3D3%26itool%3DEntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Mesh.Mesh_ResultsPanel.Mesh_RVDocSum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+Subject+Headings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wayback.archive-it.org/org-350/20160216183651/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/intro_biblio2007.html">"Bibliography"</a>. <i>U.S. National Library of Medicine</i>. September 13, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Bibliography&rft.date=2006-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwayback.archive-it.org%2Forg-350%2F20160216183651%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fmesh%2Fintro_biblio2007.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+Subject+Headings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wayback.archive-it.org/org-350/20170301195045/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2009/introduction/topsubscope.html">"Qualifiers - 2009"</a>. <i>U.S. National Library of Medicine</i>. October 17, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Qualifiers+-+2009&rft.date=2008-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwayback.archive-it.org%2Forg-350%2F20170301195045%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fmesh%2F2009%2Fintroduction%2Ftopsubscope.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+Subject+Headings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> has the property: <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P486" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P486">MeSH descriptor ID (P486)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP486%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P486%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/">Medical Subject Heading Home</a> provided by National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (U.S.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=mesh">MeSH tutorials</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/disted/pubmedtutorial/020_040.html">Automatic Term Mapping</a></li> <li>Browsing MeSH: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi..nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=mesh">Entrez</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html">MeSH Browser</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.curehunter.com/public/dictionary.do">Visual MeSH Browser</a> mapping drug-disease relationships in research</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reference.md/">Reference.MD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2009/introduction/topsu">of qualifiers – 2009 </a></li></ul> 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classification</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Topographical_code" title="Topographical code">Topographical codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federative_International_Committee_on_Anatomical_Terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology">Terminologia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Histologica" title="Terminologia Histologica">TH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Embryologica" title="Terminologia Embryologica">TE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematized_Nomenclature_of_Medicine#T_(Topography)_--_Anatomic_terms" title="Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine">SNOMED T axis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MeSH A axis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diagnosis_code" title="Diagnosis code">Diagnostic codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>general:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseases" title="International Classification of Diseases">ICD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICD-11" title="ICD-11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICD-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD-9">9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Primary_Care" title="International Classification of Primary Care">ICPC-2</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionnaire_des_r%C3%A9sultats_de_consultation" class="extiw" title="fr:Dictionnaire des résultats de consultation">DRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NANDA" class="mw-redirect" title="NANDA">NANDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read_code" title="Read code">Read codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematized_Nomenclature_of_Medicine" title="Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine">SNOMED D axis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>specialized:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseases_for_Oncology" title="International Classification of Diseases for Oncology">ICD-O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders" title="International Classification of Sleep Disorders">ICSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Headache_Disorders" title="International Classification of Headache Disorders">ICHD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_League_of_Dermatological_Societies" title="The International League of Dermatological Societies">ILDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders" title="Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders">DSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSM-IV_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="DSM-IV codes">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSM-5" title="DSM-5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Pediatric_Association_Classification_of_Diseases" title="British Pediatric Association Classification of Diseases">BPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Classification_of_Mental_Disorders" title="Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders">CCMD-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Sports_Injury_and_Illness_Classification_System_(OSIICS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS)">OSIICS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Procedure_code" title="Procedure code">Procedural codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_Common_Procedure_Coding_System" title="Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System">HCPCS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Current_Procedural_Terminology" title="Current Procedural Terminology">CPT</a>, <a href="/wiki/HCPCS_Level_2" title="HCPCS Level 2">Level 2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICD-10_Procedure_Coding_System" title="ICD-10 Procedure Coding System">10 PCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICD-9-CM_Volume_3" title="ICD-9-CM Volume 3">9-CM Volume 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Health_Interventions" title="International Classification of Health Interventions">ICHI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_Interventions_Classification" title="Nursing Interventions Classification">NIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematized_Nomenclature_of_Medicine" title="Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine">SNOMED P axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPS-301" title="OPS-301">OPS-301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read_code" title="Read code">Read codes</a>/<a href="/wiki/OPCS-4" title="OPCS-4">OPCS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_Commune_des_Actes_M%C3%A9dicaux" title="Classification Commune des Actes Médicaux">CCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOINC" title="LOINC">LOINC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_code" title="Pharmaceutical code">Pharmaceutical codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_drug_code" title="National drug code">NDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematized_Nomenclature_of_Medicine" title="Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine">SNOMED C axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Identification_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug Identification Number">DIN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outcomes codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_Outcomes_Classification" title="Nursing Outcomes Classification">NOC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lists_of_MeSH_codes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MeSH_codes" title="Template:MeSH codes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MeSH_codes" title="Template talk:MeSH codes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MeSH_codes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MeSH codes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lists_of_MeSH_codes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes" title="List of MeSH codes">Lists</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">MeSH</a> codes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A01)" title="List of MeSH codes (A01)">A01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A02)" title="List of MeSH codes (A02)">A02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A03)" title="List of MeSH codes (A03)">A03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A04)" title="List of MeSH codes (A04)">A04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A05)" title="List of MeSH codes (A05)">A05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A06)" title="List of MeSH codes (A06)">A06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A07)" title="List of MeSH codes (A07)">A07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A08)" title="List of MeSH codes (A08)">A08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A09)" title="List of MeSH codes (A09)">A09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A10)" title="List of MeSH codes (A10)">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A11)" title="List of MeSH codes (A11)">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A12)" title="List of MeSH codes (A12)">A12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A13)" title="List of MeSH codes (A13)">A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A14)" title="List of MeSH codes (A14)">A14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A15)" title="List of MeSH codes (A15)">A15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A16)" title="List of MeSH codes (A16)">A16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A17)" title="List of MeSH codes (A17)">A17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(B01)" title="List of MeSH codes (B01)">B01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(B02)" title="List of MeSH codes (B02)">B02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(B03)" title="List of MeSH codes (B03)">B03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(B04)" title="List of MeSH codes (B04)">B04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(B05)" title="List of MeSH codes (B05)">B05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(B06)" title="List of MeSH codes (B06)">B06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(B07)" title="List of MeSH codes (B07)">B07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(B08)" title="List of MeSH codes (B08)">B08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C01)" title="List of MeSH codes (C01)">C01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C02)" title="List of MeSH codes (C02)">C02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C03)" title="List of MeSH codes (C03)">C03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C04)" title="List of MeSH codes (C04)">C04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C05)" title="List of MeSH codes (C05)">C05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C06)" title="List of MeSH codes (C06)">C06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C07)" title="List of MeSH codes (C07)">C07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C08)" title="List of MeSH codes (C08)">C08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C09)" title="List of MeSH codes (C09)">C09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C10)" title="List of MeSH codes (C10)">C10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C11)" title="List of MeSH codes (C11)">C11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C12)" title="List of MeSH codes (C12)">C12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C13)" title="List of MeSH codes (C13)">C13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C14)" title="List of MeSH codes (C14)">C14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C15)" title="List of MeSH codes (C15)">C15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C16)" title="List of MeSH codes (C16)">C16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C17)" title="List of MeSH codes (C17)">C17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C18)" title="List of MeSH codes (C18)">C18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C19)" title="List of MeSH codes (C19)">C19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C20)" title="List of MeSH codes (C20)">C20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C21)" title="List of MeSH codes (C21)">C21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C22)" title="List of MeSH codes (C22)">C22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C23)" title="List of MeSH codes (C23)">C23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D01)" title="List of MeSH codes (D01)">D01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D02)" title="List of MeSH codes (D02)">D02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D03)" title="List of MeSH codes (D03)">D03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D04)" title="List of MeSH codes (D04)">D04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D05)" title="List of MeSH codes (D05)">D05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D06)" title="List of MeSH codes (D06)">D06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D08)" title="List of MeSH codes (D08)">D08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D09)" title="List of MeSH codes (D09)">D09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D10)" title="List of MeSH codes (D10)">D10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12)" title="List of MeSH codes (D12)">D12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.125)" title="List of MeSH codes (D12.125)">D12.125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.644)" title="List of MeSH codes (D12.644)">D12.644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776)" title="List of MeSH codes (D12.776)">D12.776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.097)" title="List of MeSH codes (D12.776.097)">D12.776.097</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.124)" title="List of MeSH codes (D12.776.124)">D12.776.124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.157)" title="List of MeSH codes (D12.776.157)">D12.776.157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.260)" title="List of MeSH codes (D12.776.260)">D12.776.260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.395)" title="List of MeSH codes (D12.776.395)">D12.776.395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.476)" title="List of MeSH codes (D12.776.476)">D12.776.476</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.543)" title="List of MeSH codes (D12.776.543)">D12.776.543</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.641)" title="List of MeSH codes (D12.776.641)">D12.776.641</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.660)" title="List of MeSH codes (D12.776.660)">D12.776.660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.930)" title="List of MeSH codes (D12.776.930)">D12.776.930</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D13)" title="List of MeSH codes (D13)">D13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D20)" title="List of MeSH codes (D20)">D20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D23)" title="List of MeSH codes (D23)">D23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D25)" title="List of MeSH codes (D25)">D25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D26)" title="List of MeSH codes (D26)">D26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D27)" title="List of MeSH codes (D27)">D27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E01)" title="List of MeSH codes (E01)">E01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E02)" title="List of MeSH codes (E02)">E02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E03)" title="List of MeSH codes (E03)">E03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E04)" title="List of MeSH codes (E04)">E04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E05)" title="List of MeSH codes (E05)">E05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E06)" title="List of MeSH codes (E06)">E06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E07)" title="List of MeSH codes (E07)">E07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(F01)" title="List of MeSH codes (F01)">F01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(F02)" title="List of MeSH codes (F02)">F02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(F03)" title="List of MeSH codes (F03)">F03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(F04)" title="List of MeSH codes (F04)">F04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G01)" title="List of MeSH codes (G01)">G01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G02)" title="List of MeSH codes (G02)">G02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G03)" title="List of MeSH codes (G03)">G03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G04)" title="List of MeSH codes (G04)">G04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G05)" title="List of MeSH codes (G05)">G05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G06)" title="List of MeSH codes (G06)">G06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G07)" title="List of MeSH codes (G07)">G07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G08)" title="List of MeSH codes (G08)">G08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G09)" title="List of MeSH codes (G09)">G09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G10)" title="List of MeSH codes (G10)">G10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G11)" title="List of MeSH codes (G11)">G11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G12)" title="List of MeSH codes (G12)">G12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G13)" title="List of MeSH codes (G13)">G13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G14)" title="List of MeSH codes (G14)">G14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(H01)" title="List of MeSH codes (H01)">H01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(I01)" title="List of MeSH codes (I01)">I01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(I02)" title="List of MeSH codes (I02)">I02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(I03)" title="List of MeSH codes (I03)">I03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(J01)" title="List of MeSH codes (J01)">J01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(J02)" title="List of MeSH codes (J02)">J02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(K01)" title="List of MeSH codes (K01)">K01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(L01)" title="List of MeSH codes (L01)">L01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(M01)" title="List of MeSH codes (M01)">M01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(N01)" title="List of MeSH codes (N01)">N01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(N02)" title="List of MeSH codes (N02)">N02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(N03)" title="List of MeSH codes (N03)">N03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(N04)" title="List of MeSH codes (N04)">N04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(N05)" title="List of MeSH codes (N05)">N05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(V01)" title="List of MeSH codes (V01)">V01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(V02)" title="List of MeSH codes (V02)">V02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(V03)" title="List of MeSH codes (V03)">V03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(V04)" title="List of MeSH codes (V04)">V04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(Z01)" title="List of MeSH codes (Z01)">Z01</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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