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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#250s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>250s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-250s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-260s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#260s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>260s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-260s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-270s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#270s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>270s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-270s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-280s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#280s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>280s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-280s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-290s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#290s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>290s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-290s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecclesiastical_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiastical_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ecclesiastical administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="/wiki/File:Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/30px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/45px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/60px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="343" /></a></span> <b>3rd century in Lebanon</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/30px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/45px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/60px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="343" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Key event(s):</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Century_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Century Crisis">Third Century Crisis</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_dedans_le_Palais_de_justice.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Statue_dedans_le_Palais_de_justice.JPG/220px-Statue_dedans_le_Palais_de_justice.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Statue_dedans_le_Palais_de_justice.JPG/330px-Statue_dedans_le_Palais_de_justice.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Statue_dedans_le_Palais_de_justice.JPG/440px-Statue_dedans_le_Palais_de_justice.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Ulpian" title="Ulpian">Ulpian</a>, a Lebanese Roman jurist born in <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a>. He was considered one of the great legal authorities of his time and was one of the five jurists upon whom decisions were to be based according to the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Citations" title="Law of Citations">Law of Citations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Valentinian_III" title="Valentinian III">Valentinian III</a>.</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Chronology:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>← <a href="/wiki/2nd_century_in_Lebanon" title="2nd century in Lebanon">2nd century</a></li> <li><b>3rd century</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_century_in_Lebanon" title="4th century in Lebanon">4th century</a> →</li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Lebanon" title="Category:History of Lebanon">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lebanon" title="History of Lebanon">History of <span class="fn org label">Lebanon</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1856_Kiepert_Map_of_Lebanon_-_Geographicus_-_Lebanon-kiepert-1856.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/1856_Kiepert_Map_of_Lebanon_-_Geographicus_-_Lebanon-kiepert-1856.jpg/150px-1856_Kiepert_Map_of_Lebanon_-_Geographicus_-_Lebanon-kiepert-1856.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/1856_Kiepert_Map_of_Lebanon_-_Geographicus_-_Lebanon-kiepert-1856.jpg/225px-1856_Kiepert_Map_of_Lebanon_-_Geographicus_-_Lebanon-kiepert-1856.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/1856_Kiepert_Map_of_Lebanon_-_Geographicus_-_Lebanon-kiepert-1856.jpg/300px-1856_Kiepert_Map_of_Lebanon_-_Geographicus_-_Lebanon-kiepert-1856.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3675" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Lebanese_history" title="Timeline of Lebanese history">Timeline</a></b></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ancient_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ancient Lebanon">Ancient</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lebanon#Prehistory" title="History of Lebanon">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a> (2500–333 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">Egyptian rule</a> (1550–1077 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite rule</a> (1600–1178 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_under_Assyrian_rule" title="Phoenicia under Assyrian rule">Assyrian rule</a> (883–605 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_under_Babylonian_rule" title="Phoenicia under Babylonian rule">Babylonian rule</a> (605–538 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Lebanon#Achaemenid_Empire" title="History of ancient Lebanon">Persian rule</a> (538–332 BC)</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Classical</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_under_Hellenistic_rule" title="Phoenicia under Hellenistic rule">Hellenistic rule</a> (332–64 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_under_Roman_rule" title="Phoenicia under Roman rule">Roman rule</a> (64 BC–646 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sasanian_War_of_602%E2%80%93628" title="Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628">Sassanid interlude</a> (610s–628 AD)</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Medieval</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a> (636–661)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> (661–750)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> (750–1258)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulunids" title="Tulunids">Tulunids</a> (868–905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdanid_dynasty" title="Hamdanid dynasty">Hamdanid dynasty</a> (890–1004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a> (909–1171)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhshidid_dynasty" title="Ikhshidid dynasty">Ikhshidid dynasty</a> (935–969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirdasid_dynasty" title="Mirdasid dynasty">Mirdasid dynasty</a> (1024–1080)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a> (1037–1194)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli"> County of Tripoli</a> (1099–1291)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"> Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> (1099–1291)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zengid_dynasty" title="Zengid dynasty">Zengid dynasty</a> (1127–1250)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)"> Mamluk Sultanate</a> (1291–1515)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assaf_dynasty" title="Assaf dynasty">Assafs</a> (1306–1591)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27n_dynasty" title="Ma'n dynasty">Ma'anids</a> (1490–1697)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harfush_dynasty" title="Harfush dynasty">Harfushids</a> (1493–1860)</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Colonial</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lebanon_under_Ottoman_rule" title="History of Lebanon under Ottoman rule">Ottoman rule</a> (1516–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Emirate of Mount Lebanon"> Emirate of Mount Lebanon</a> (1516–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Eyalet" title="Tripoli Eyalet"> Tripoli Eyalet</a> (1579–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon_Eyalet" title="Sidon Eyalet"> Sidon Eyalet</a> (1660–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_dynasty" title="Shihab dynasty"> Shihabs</a> (1697–1842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Assaad_Family" title="El Assaad Family">El Assaad Family</a> (1749–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Qaim-Maqamate_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon">Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon</a> (1843-1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Mutasarrifate" title="Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate">Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate</a> (1861–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Beirut Vilayet">Beirut Vilayet</a> (1888–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">Allied administration</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Lebanon" title="Greater Lebanon">French rule</a> (1920–1943)</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Republic of Lebanon</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chehabism" title="Chehabism">Chehabist era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Second_Lebanese_Republic" title="Second Lebanese Republic">Aftermath</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_Southern_Lebanon" title="Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon">Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon" title="Syrian occupation of Lebanon">Syrian occupation of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon_bombings_and_assassinations_(2004%E2%80%93present)#2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanon bombings and assassinations (2004–present)">2005 Lebanon bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Revolution" title="Cedar Revolution">Cedar Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 July War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9308_Lebanese_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2006–08 Lebanese protests">2006–08 political protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Lebanon_conflict" title="2007 Lebanon conflict">2007 North Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_conflict_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 conflict in Lebanon">2008 conflict in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War_spillover_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon">Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_presidential_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese presidential crisis">Lebanese presidential crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Lebanese_Maritime_boundary_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli–Lebanese Maritime boundary dispute">Maritime boundary dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_liquidity_crisis" title="Lebanese liquidity crisis">Liquidity crisis</a> (<a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Lebanese_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Lebanese protests">Reaction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Beirut_explosion" title="2020 Beirut explosion">2020 Beirut explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Lebanon" title="2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon">Israeli invasion of Lebanon</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By city and region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Beirut" title="History of Beirut">Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chouf_region" title="History of the Chouf region">Chouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kfarsghab" title="History of Kfarsghab">Kfarsghab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sidon" title="History of Sidon">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisrawan#History" title="Kisrawan">Kisrawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tyre,_Lebanon" title="History of Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="History of Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripoli</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By century</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_century_in_Lebanon" title="1st century in Lebanon">1st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_century_in_Lebanon" title="2nd century in Lebanon">2nd century</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3rd century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_century_in_Lebanon" title="4th century in Lebanon">4th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_century_in_Lebanon" title="5th century in Lebanon">5th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_century_in_Lebanon" title="6th century in Lebanon">6th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_century_in_Lebanon" title="7th century in Lebanon">7th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_century_in_Lebanon" title="8th century in Lebanon">8th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_century_in_Lebanon" title="9th century in Lebanon">9th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_century_in_Lebanon" title="10th century in Lebanon">10th century</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/16px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/24px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/32px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lebanon" title="Portal:Lebanon">Lebanon portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Lebanon" title="Template:History of Lebanon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Lebanon" title="Template talk:History of Lebanon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Lebanon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Lebanon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This article lists historical events that occurred between <b>201–300</b> in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> or regarding <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">its people</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a> was the capital of <a href="/wiki/Phoenice_(Roman_province)" title="Phoenice (Roman province)">Phoenice</a>, but the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a> (r. 218–222) raised his native <a href="/wiki/Emesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Emesa">Emesa</a> (modern-day Homs) to co-capital, leading to a rivalry between the two cities as the head of the province.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propraetorial_Imperial_Legates_of_Phoenicia">Propraetorial Imperial Legates of Phoenicia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Propraetorial Imperial Legates of Phoenicia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="45%"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#FFDEAD"> <th width="15%">Date </th> <th width="39%"><a href="/wiki/Legatus_Augusti_pro_praetore" title="Legatus Augusti pro praetore">Propraetorial Imperial Legates</a> (Governors) </th></tr> <tr> <td>c. 207</td> <td>Domitius Leo Procillianus </td></tr> <tr> <td>213</td> <td>D. Pius Cassius </td></tr> <tr> <td>Between 268 and 270</td> <td>Salvius Theodorus </td></tr> <tr> <td>Between 284 and 305</td> <td>L. Artorius Pius Maximus </td></tr> <tr> <td>292 – 293</td> <td>Crispinus<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="200s">200s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 200s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Domitius Leo Procillianus is Propraetorial Imperial Legate of Phoenicia <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 207 AD</span>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Severus_Alexander_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN1283.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Severus_Alexander_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN1283.jpg/180px-Severus_Alexander_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN1283.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Severus_Alexander_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN1283.jpg/270px-Severus_Alexander_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN1283.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Severus_Alexander_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN1283.jpg/360px-Severus_Alexander_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN1283.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4004" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption>Bust of young Severus Alexander, <a href="/wiki/Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek" title="Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek">Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek</a>, Copenhagen</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius_Severus_Alexander" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander">Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander</a>, known simply as Severus Alexander, is born in 1 October 208, <a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a>, in modern-day Lebanon.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="210s">210s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 210s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beheading_of_the_Roman_Judge_Papinian_LACMA_M.88.91.354f.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Beheading_of_the_Roman_Judge_Papinian_LACMA_M.88.91.354f.jpg/220px-Beheading_of_the_Roman_Judge_Papinian_LACMA_M.88.91.354f.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Beheading_of_the_Roman_Judge_Papinian_LACMA_M.88.91.354f.jpg/330px-Beheading_of_the_Roman_Judge_Papinian_LACMA_M.88.91.354f.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Beheading_of_the_Roman_Judge_Papinian_LACMA_M.88.91.354f.jpg/440px-Beheading_of_the_Roman_Judge_Papinian_LACMA_M.88.91.354f.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1594" /></a><figcaption>Willem Swanenburgh, after Joachim Anthonisz Wtewael, <i>Beheading of the Roman Judge Papinian</i>, 1606</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The Phoenician-born <a href="/wiki/Papinian" title="Papinian">Papinian</a>, a celebrated <a href="/wiki/Roman_Jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Jurisprudence">Roman jurist</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Requests" title="Master of Requests">magister libellorum</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Attorney_general" title="Attorney general">attorney general</a> (<i>advocatus fisci</i>) and, <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefect" title="Praetorian prefect">praetorian prefect</a> is murdered in 212 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>D. Pius Cassius is Propraetorial Imperial Legate of Phoenicia, 213 AD.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NMBSevenSagesMosaicBaalbekRectified.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/NMBSevenSagesMosaicBaalbekRectified.jpg/220px-NMBSevenSagesMosaicBaalbekRectified.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/NMBSevenSagesMosaicBaalbekRectified.jpg/330px-NMBSevenSagesMosaicBaalbekRectified.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/NMBSevenSagesMosaicBaalbekRectified.jpg/440px-NMBSevenSagesMosaicBaalbekRectified.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1310" /></a><figcaption>Seven Wise Men Mosaic: <a href="/wiki/Calliope" title="Calliope">Calliope</a>, surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sages_of_Greece" title="Seven Sages of Greece">seven wise men</a> (Baalbeck, 3rd century A.D.)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus'</a> wife <a href="/wiki/Julia_Domna" title="Julia Domna">Julia Domna</a> and son <a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a> tour in <a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a>, 215 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJessup1881[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidmzdQAQAAIAAJpgPA471_471]_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJessup1881[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidmzdQAQAAIAAJpgPA471_471]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Julius_Gessius_Marcianus" title="Marcus Julius Gessius Marcianus">Marcus Julius Gessius Marcianus</a>, native of Arqa and a Roman aristocrat and step-father of Severus Alexander, is murdered in 218 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="220s">220s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 220s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Tyrian-born Ulpian, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: <i>Gnaeus Domitius Annius Ulpianus</i>; a <a href="/wiki/Roman_law" title="Roman law">Roman jurist</a> and one of the great legal authorities, under Severus Alexander, serves as praetorian prefect from 222 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ulpian is murdered in 228.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="230s">230s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 230s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Third century Crisis begins with the assassination of the Lebanese Roman emperor Severus Alexander, 21/22 March 235 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Saylor_Foundation_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Saylor_Foundation-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porphyry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Porphyry.jpg/200px-Porphyry.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Porphyry.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption><i>Porphire Sophiste</i>, in a French 16th-century engraving</figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyry_of_Tyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Porphyry of Tyre">Porphyry of Tyre</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonic</a> philosopher, is born in Tyre, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 234 AD</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> is first mentioned in writing as a major <a href="/wiki/Law_school_of_Berytus" title="Law school of Berytus">center for the study of law</a> in the works of <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Thaumaturgus" title="Gregory Thaumaturgus">Gregory Thaumaturgus</a>, 238/239 AD.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="250s">250s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 250s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Marinus is <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan bishop</a> of Tyre, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 250</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a>, an early Christian scholar, ascetic and theologian, dies in Tyre, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 253 AD</span> (aged <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 69</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="260s">260s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 260s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Salvius Theodorus is Propraetorial Imperial Legate of Phoenicia in 268 AD.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="270s">270s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 270s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmyrene empire">Palmyrene empire</a> is established in 270 AD with the start of Zenobia's expedition against the Tanukhids in the spring of the same year, leading to the occupation of Roman Phoenice by the Syrian Palmyrenes.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palmyrene_Empire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Palmyrene_Empire.png/220px-Palmyrene_Empire.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Palmyrene_Empire.png/330px-Palmyrene_Empire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Palmyrene_Empire.png/440px-Palmyrene_Empire.png 2x" data-file-width="1661" data-file-height="1414" /></a><figcaption>The Palmyrene Empire in 271</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Pagan temples are attested in a Greek inscription mentioning the date 272 AD found in the <a href="/wiki/Mammes_of_Caesarea" title="Mammes of Caesarea">Mar Mama</a> church in <a href="/wiki/Ehden" title="Ehden">Ehden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Palmyrene empire is reconquered by the Romans, 273 AD.</li> <li>A Roman <a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">mint</a> is established in <a href="/wiki/Tripolis_(region_of_Phoenicia)" title="Tripolis (region of Phoenicia)">Tripolis</a>, 273/274 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="280s">280s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 280s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martmoura-13-04-2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Martmoura-13-04-2007.jpg/200px-Martmoura-13-04-2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Martmoura-13-04-2007.jpg/300px-Martmoura-13-04-2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Martmoura-13-04-2007.jpg/400px-Martmoura-13-04-2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>Saint Moura Church, <a href="/wiki/Kfarsghab" title="Kfarsghab">Kfarsghab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Moura" title="Saint Moura">Saint Moura</a>, an Egyptian Saint that is almost exclusively celebrated amongst <a href="/wiki/Maronites" title="Maronites">Maronites</a>, is martyred in 283 AD, <a href="/wiki/Ansena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansena">Ansena</a>, Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Third century Crisis ends with the ascension of Diocletian and his implementation of reforms in 284 AD.</li> <li>L. Artorius Pius Maximus is Propraetorial Imperial Legate of Phoenicia in 284 AD.</li> <li>The Roman mint in Tripolis closes down in 286/287 AD.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="290s">290s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 290s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Crispinus is Propraetorial Imperial Legate of Phoenicia, 292 – 293.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilina" title="Aquilina">Aquilina</a>, a native of <a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a> and a christian child, dies in 293 AD, shortly before the executioner could carry out the decapitation sentenced on her for her religion.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hananiah_of_Phoenicia_with_Peter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hananiah_of_Phoenicia_with_Peter.jpg/300px-Hananiah_of_Phoenicia_with_Peter.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hananiah_of_Phoenicia_with_Peter.jpg/450px-Hananiah_of_Phoenicia_with_Peter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hananiah_of_Phoenicia_with_Peter.jpg/600px-Hananiah_of_Phoenicia_with_Peter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1148" /></a><figcaption>Miniature painting of the martyrdom of Ananias and his companions, <a href="/wiki/Menologion_of_Basil_II" title="Menologion of Basil II">Menologion of Basil II</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Ananias "of Phoenicia" the Presbyter, Peter the prison guard, and seven soldiers, get martyred in the form of drowning after lengthy torture for their Christianity, 295 AD, Phoenicia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelasinus" title="Gelasinus">Gelasinus</a> is martyred in Baalbek, 297 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForster1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_F2K4iE_VTC0Cpagen264_239]_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForster1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_F2K4iE_VTC0Cpagen264_239]-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1799[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBEBOAAAAYAAJpgPA402_402]_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1799[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBEBOAAAAYAAJpgPA402_402]-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecclesiastical_administration">Ecclesiastical administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ecclesiastical administration of Pheonice paralleled the political, but with some differences. The <a href="/wiki/See_of_Tyre" title="See of Tyre">bishop of Tyre</a> emerged as the pre-eminent <a href="/wiki/Prelate" title="Prelate">prelate</a> of Phoenice by the mid-3rd century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941369_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941369-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the time of <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a>, it had been the practice to assign not more than two <a href="/wiki/Legionary" title="Legionary">legions</a> to each frontier province, and, although in some provinces one legion was sometimes deemed sufficient, the upper limit was not exceeded. This policy appears to have been continued during the third century AD, as seen in the case of <a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a> raising the garrisons of Phoenice to the normal strength of two legions.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gregory_Thaumaturgus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gregory_Thaumaturgus.jpg/241px-Gregory_Thaumaturgus.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gregory_Thaumaturgus.jpg/362px-Gregory_Thaumaturgus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gregory_Thaumaturgus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><i>Saint Gregory the Miracle-Worker,</i> <small>14th century <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icon</a></small></figcaption></figure> <p>In 238 or 239 AD, Beirut was first mentioned in writing as a major center for the study of law in the panegyric of Gregory Thaumaturgus, the bishop of <a href="/wiki/Niksar" title="Niksar">Neo-Caesarea</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 3rd-century emperors <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a> issued constitutions exempting the students of the law school of Beirut from compulsory service in their hometowns.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_Empire" title="Palmyrene Empire">Palmyrene empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canalizations_of_Zenobia" title="Canalizations of Zenobia">Canalizations of Zenobia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941368_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEißfeldt1941">Eißfeldt 1941</a>, p. 368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Linda Jones Hall, <i>Roman Berytus: Beirut in late antiquity</i> (2004)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Prosopography_of_the_Later_Roman_Empire" title="Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire">PLRE</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Furius_Dionysius_Filocalus" title="Furius Dionysius Filocalus">Furius Dionysius Filocalus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chronograph_of_354" title="Chronograph of 354">Chronograph of 354</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/chronography_of_354_06_calendar.htm">Part 3</a>: "DIVI·ALEXANDRI·KAL·OCT".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReed1862" class="citation book cs1">Reed, Joseph J. (1862). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=St8-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA149"><i>Outlines of Universal History: In Three Parts; with a Copious Index to Each Part, Showing the Correct Mode of Pronouncing Every Name Mentioned ...</i></a> J.B. Lippincott & Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outlines+of+Universal+History%3A+In+Three+Parts%3B+with+a+Copious+Index+to+Each+Part%2C+Showing+the+Correct+Mode+of+Pronouncing+Every+Name+Mentioned+...&rft.pub=J.B.+Lippincott+%26+Company&rft.date=1862&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=Joseph+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSt8-AAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJessup1881[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidmzdQAQAAIAAJpgPA471_471]-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJessup1881[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidmzdQAQAAIAAJpgPA471_471]_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJessup1881">Jessup (1881)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mzdQAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA471">471</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Birley, <i>Septimius Severus: The African Emperor</i>, p. 222</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ulpian">"Ulpian | Roman jurist | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Ulpian+%7C+Roman+jurist+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FUlpian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Saylor_Foundation-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Saylor_Foundation_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/HIST301-7.2-SeverusAlexander-FINAL.pdf">"Severus Alexander (222–235 AD): The Calm before the Storm"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Saylor Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Severus+Alexander+%28222%E2%80%93235+AD%29%3A+The+Calm+before+the+Storm&rft.pub=The+Saylor+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saylor.org%2Fsite%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F02%2FHIST301-7.2-SeverusAlexander-FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchott2013" class="citation book cs1">Schott, Jeremy M. (2013-04-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VJDuEd_Jl5YC&q=translations+of+Porphyry%27s+name+are+indicative+of+a+much+deeper+transformation%2C+that+from+Syrian+provincial+to&pg=PA62"><i>Christianity, Empire, and the Making of Religion in Late Antiquity</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0346-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0346-2"><bdi>978-0-8122-0346-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity%2C+Empire%2C+and+the+Making+of+Religion+in+Late+Antiquity&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2013-04-23&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-0346-2&rft.aulast=Schott&rft.aufirst=Jeremy+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVJDuEd_Jl5YC%26q%3Dtranslations%2Bof%2BPorphyry%2527s%2Bname%2Bare%2Bindicative%2Bof%2Ba%2Bmuch%2Bdeeper%2Btransformation%252C%2Bthat%2Bfrom%2BSyrian%2Bprovincial%2Bto%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Church_History_(Eusebius)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church History (Eusebius)">Church History</a></i> VII.5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New Catholic Encyclopedia</i> (Detroit: Gale, 2003). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-4004-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-4004-0">978-0-7876-4004-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryce2014" class="citation book cs1">Bryce, Trevor (2014-03-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=41-MAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA302"><i>Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History</i></a>. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-100293-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-100293-9"><bdi>978-0-19-100293-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Syria%3A+A+Three+Thousand+Year+History&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft.isbn=978-0-19-100293-9&rft.aulast=Bryce&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D41-MAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yammine, Y.: <i>Daleel Ehden</i>, page 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSellars2013" class="citation book cs1">Sellars, Ian J. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m_Y-CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA355"><i>The Monetary System of the Romans</i></a>. p. 355<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Nov 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monetary+System+of+the+Romans&rft.pages=355&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Sellars&rft.aufirst=Ian+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm_Y-CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/roman-and-greek-coins.asp?vpar=1975">"Tripolis, Phoenicia (Tripoli, Lebanon)"</a>. <i>FORVM ANCIENT COINS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Nov 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FORVM+ANCIENT+COINS&rft.atitle=Tripolis%2C+Phoenicia+%28Tripoli%2C+Lebanon%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forumancientcoins.com%2Fcatalog%2Froman-and-greek-coins.asp%3Fvpar%3D1975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moubarac,Youakim (1984), <i>Pentalogie Antiochienne / Domaine Maronite</i> - Tome II - Volume I - page 39. Editor Cenacle Libanais - Beirut - Lebanon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2013/06/13/101712-martyr-aquilina-of-byblos-in-syria">"Martyr Aquilina of Byblos in Syria"</a>. <i>www.oca.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oca.org&rft.atitle=Martyr+Aquilina+of+Byblos+in+Syria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2Fsaints%2Flives%2F2013%2F06%2F13%2F101712-martyr-aquilina-of-byblos-in-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2020/01/26/100320-martyrs-ananias-the-presbyter-peter-and-seven-soldiers-in-phoeni">"Martyrs Ananias the Presbyter, Peter, and seven soldiers, in Phoenicia"</a>. <i>www.oca.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oca.org&rft.atitle=Martyrs+Ananias+the+Presbyter%2C+Peter%2C+and+seven+soldiers%2C+in+Phoenicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2Fsaints%2Flives%2F2020%2F01%2F26%2F100320-martyrs-ananias-the-presbyter-peter-and-seven-soldiers-in-phoeni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForster1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_F2K4iE_VTC0Cpagen264_239]-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForster1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_F2K4iE_VTC0Cpagen264_239]_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForster1828">Forster (1828)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_F2K4iE_VTC0C/page/n264">239</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1799[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBEBOAAAAYAAJpgPA402_402]-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1799[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBEBOAAAAYAAJpgPA402_402]_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButler1799">Butler (1799)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BEBOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA402">402</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941369-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEißfeldt1941369_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEißfeldt1941">Eißfeldt 1941</a>, p. 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, "The Legions of Diocletian and Constantine," p. 177/178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sartre 2005, p. 289</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collinet 1925, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thaumaturgus 239, pp. 45–46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jidejian 1973, p. 65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collinet 1925, pp. 29–30</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A.R. Birley, <i>Septimius Severus: The African Emperor</i>, Routledge, 2002</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForster1828" class="citation cs2">Forster, Thomas Ignatius M. (1828), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F2K4iE_VTC0C"><i>Circle of the Seasons, and Perpetual Key to the Calendar and Almanack; to which is added the Circle of the Hours, and the History of the Days of the Week; being a Compendious Illustration of the History, Antiquities, and Natural Phenomena, of Each Day of the Year</i></a>, London: J. & C. Adlard for Thomas Hookham</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Circle+of+the+Seasons%2C+and+Perpetual+Key+to+the+Calendar+and+Almanack%3B+to+which+is+added+the+Circle+of+the+Hours%2C+and+the+History+of+the+Days+of+the+Week%3B+being+a+Compendious+Illustration+of+the+History%2C+Antiquities%2C+and+Natural+Phenomena%2C+of+Each+Day+of+the+Year&rft.place=London&rft.pub=J.+%26+C.+Adlard+for+Thomas+Hookham&rft.date=1828&rft.aulast=Forster&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Ignatius+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF2K4iE_VTC0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler1799" class="citation cs2">Butler, Alban (1799), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BEBOAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Lives of the Primitive Fathers, Martyrs, and other Principal Saints: Compiled from Original Monuments, and other Authentic Records: Illustrated with the Remarks of Judicious Modern Critics and Historians, </i>3rd ed., Vol. VIII<i><span></span></i></a>, Edinburgh: J. Moir for J. P. Coghlan</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+the+Primitive+Fathers%2C+Martyrs%2C+and+other+Principal+Saints%3A+Compiled+from+Original+Monuments%2C+and+other+Authentic+Records%3A+Illustrated+with+the+Remarks+of+Judicious+Modern+Critics+and+Historians%2C+3rd+ed.%2C+Vol.+VIII&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=J.+Moir+for+J.+P.+Coghlan&rft.date=1799&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Alban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBEBOAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJessup1881" class="citation book cs1">Jessup, Samuel (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mzdQAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA453">"Ba'albek"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Wilson" title="Charles William Wilson">Wilson, Charles William</a> (ed.). <i>Picturesque Palestine, Sinai, and Egypt, </i>Div. II<i><span></span></i>. New York: D. Appleton & Co., illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Fenn" title="Harry Fenn">Henry Fenn</a> & <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Woodward_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Douglas Woodward (artist)">J.D. Woodward</a>. pp. 453–476.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ba%27albek&rft.btitle=Picturesque+Palestine%2C+Sinai%2C+and+Egypt%2C+Div.+II&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=453-476&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+%26+Co.%2C+illustrated+by+Henry+Fenn+%26+J.D.+Woodward&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Jessup&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmzdQAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinet,_Paul1925" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Collinet, Paul (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57593887"><i>Histoire de l'école de droit de Beyrouth</i></a> (in French). Paris: Société Anonyme du Recueil Sirey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27%C3%A9cole+de+droit+de+Beyrouth&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Anonyme+du+Recueil+Sirey&rft.date=1925&rft.au=Collinet%2C+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k57593887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJidejian1973" class="citation book cs1">Jidejian, Nina (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t29tAAAAMAAJ"><i>Beirut: Through the Ages</i></a>. Beirut: Dar el-Machreq.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beirut%3A+Through+the+Ages&rft.place=Beirut&rft.pub=Dar+el-Machreq&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Jidejian&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt29tAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThaumaturgus,_Gregory1873" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Thaumaturgus" title="Gregory Thaumaturgus">Thaumaturgus, Gregory</a> (1873) [239]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf06.pdf">"Oratio Panegyrica ad Originem"</a> [The Oration and Panegyric Addressed to Origen] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Philip Schaff (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Ante-Nicene_Fathers_(book)" title="Ante-Nicene Fathers (book)"><i>Ante-Nicene Fathers</i></a>. Vol. 6. Translated by S. D. F. Salmond. Edinburgh: Christian Classics Etheral Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oratio+Panegyrica+ad+Originem&rft.btitle=Ante-Nicene+Fathers&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Christian+Classics+Etheral+Library&rft.date=1873&rft.au=Thaumaturgus%2C+Gregory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fschaff%2Fanf06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Yammine, Fr. Youssef, <i>Daleel Ehden</i>, Editor El, 2000.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSartre,_Maurice2005" class="citation book cs1">Sartre, Maurice (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9y7nTpFcN3AC"><i>The Middle East Under Rome</i></a>. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01683-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01683-5"><bdi>978-0-674-01683-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle+East+Under+Rome&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01683-5&rft.au=Sartre%2C+Maurice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9y7nTpFcN3AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEißfeldt1941" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Eißfeldt, Otto (1941). "Phoiniker (Phoinike)". <i><a href="/wiki/Realencyclop%C3%A4die_der_Classischen_Altertumswissenschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft">Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft</a></i>. Vol. Band XX, Halbband 39, Philon–Pignus. pp. 350–379.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Phoiniker+%28Phoinike%29&rft.btitle=Realencyclop%C3%A4die+der+Classischen+Altertumswissenschaft&rft.pages=350-379&rft.date=1941&rft.aulast=Ei%C3%9Ffeldt&rft.aufirst=Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+century+in+Lebanon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I AD 260–395, Cambridge University Press (1971)</li> <li>Linda Jones Hall, Roman Berytus: Beirut in late antiquity (2004)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Template:Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Template talk:Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_archaeological_sites_in_Lebanon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roman Berytus<br />(actual Beirut)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Berytus</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Forum,_Beirut" title="Roman Forum, Beirut">Roman Forum of Berytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Baths,_Beirut" title="Roman Baths, Beirut">Berytus Roman Baths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisterns_of_the_Roman_Baths,_Beirut" title="Cisterns of the Roman Baths, Beirut">Cisterns of Berytus Baths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardo_Decumanus_Crossing" title="Cardo Decumanus Crossing">Berytus Cardo Decumanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonnaded_Street" title="Colonnaded Street">Berytus Colonnaded street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_mosaics" title="Byzantine mosaics">Byzantine mosaics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_of_Roman_Berytus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippodrome of Roman Berytus">Roman hippodrome of Berytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_school_of_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Law school of Beirut">Roman Law school of Berytus</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg/250px-1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg/375px-1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg/500px-1921_reconstruction_of_the_Baalbelk_temple_complex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roman Phoenicia<br />(actual Lebanon)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triparadeisos" title="Triparadeisos">Heliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Bacchus" title="Temple of Bacchus">Temple of Bacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_(Baalbek)" title="Temple of Jupiter (Baalbek)">Temple of Jupiter (Baalbek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temples_of_Mount_Hermon" title="Temples of Mount Hermon">Temples of Mount Hermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temples_of_the_Beqaa_Valley" title="Temples of the Beqaa Valley">Temples of the Beqaa Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaqbe" title="Aaqbe">Aaqbe temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afqa" title="Afqa">Afqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Aata" title="Ain Aata">Ain Aata temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Harcha" title="Ain Harcha">Ain Harcha roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amioun Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arca Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusti_Pagus_(Roman_Phoenicia)" title="Augusti Pagus (Roman Phoenicia)">Augusti Pagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakka,_Lebanon" title="Bakka, Lebanon">Bakka temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batroumine" title="Batroumine">Batroumine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_temple_of_Bziza" title="Roman temple of Bziza"> Bziza temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canalizations_of_Zenobia" title="Canalizations of Zenobia">Canalizations of Zenobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakoue" title="Dakoue">Dakoue temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Mansouria,_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="El Mansouria, Lebanon">Mansourieh Roman aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebbariye" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebbariye">Hebbariye temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaat" title="Iaat">Iaat column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Zabad" title="Kafr Zabad">Kafr Zabad temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbet_El-Knese" title="Khirbet El-Knese">Khirbet El-Knese roman temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labweh" title="Labweh">Labweh Roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libbaya" title="Libbaya">Libbaya roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Qozhaya" title="Monastery of Qozhaya">Monastery of Qozhaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Maron" title="Monastery of Saint Maron">Monastery of Saint Maron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahle,_Lebanon" title="Nahle, Lebanon">Nahle roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebi_Safa" title="Nebi Safa">Nebi Safa temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niha_Bekaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Niha Bekaa">Niha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosn_Niha" title="Hosn Niha">Hosn Niha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalaat_Faqra" title="Qalaat Faqra">Qalaat Faqra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qal%27at_Bustra" title="Qal'at Bustra">Qal'at Bustra temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_Chbib" title="Qasr Chbib">Castra Chbib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_el_Banat,_Lebanon" title="Qasr el Banat, Lebanon">Castra El Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraain_El_Faouqa" title="Saraain El Faouqa">Saraain El Faouqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shheem" title="Shheem">Schleem roman temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Colonia Aurelia Pia "Sidon"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temnin_el-Foka" title="Temnin el-Foka">Temnin el-Foka nymphaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripolis in Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyrus</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre_Necropolis" title="Tyre Necropolis">Tyre Necropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yammoune" title="Yammoune">Roman temple to Venus in Yammoune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_under_Roman_rule" title="Phoenicia under Roman rule">Roman Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_(Roman_province)" title="Phoenice (Roman province)">Phoenice (Roman province)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Secunda" title="Palaestina Secunda">Palaestina Secunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_Libanensis" title="Phoenice Libanensis">Phoenice Libanensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_of_the_Pregnant_Woman" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone of the Pregnant Woman">Stone of the Pregnant Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulpianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulpianus">Ulpianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Valerius_Probus" title="Marcus Valerius Probus">Marcus Valerius Probus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_of_Heliopolis" title="Eudokia of Heliopolis">Eudokia of Heliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barbara" title="Saint Barbara">Saint Barbara of Heliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coele-Syria" title="Coele-Syria">Coele-Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Lebanon" title="List of cathedrals in Lebanon">List of Christian cathedrals in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Lebanon" title="Christianity in Lebanon">Christianity in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Lebanon" title="Catholic Church in Lebanon">Catholic Church in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George_Greek_Orthodox_Cathedral" title="Saint George Greek Orthodox Cathedral">Saint George Greek Orthodox Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_century_in_Lebanon" title="2nd century in Lebanon">2nd century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3rd century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_century_in_Lebanon" title="4th century in Lebanon">4th century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_century_in_Lebanon" title="5th century in Lebanon">5th century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_century_in_Lebanon" title="6th century in Lebanon">6th century in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/551_Beirut_earthquake" title="551 Beirut earthquake">551 Beirut earthquake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> UNESCO World Heritage Sites <sup><small>2</small></sup> Proposed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Category:Roman sites in Lebanon">Category:Roman sites in Lebanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&oldid=1225430416">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3rd_century_in_Lebanon&oldid=1225430416</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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