CINXE.COM

Tokyo Metro’s overseas efforts begin in earnest with London deal - The Japan Times

<!DOCTYPE html> <html itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title> Tokyo Metro’s overseas efforts begin in earnest with London deal - The Japan Times </title> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/theme_japantimes/images/favicon.ico"/> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="ROBOTS" content="index,follow"> <meta name="language" content="en"> <meta name="copyright" content="The Japan Times"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive"> <meta name="cXenseParse:pageclass" content="article"> <meta name="description" content="The award of a contract to operate London’s Elizabeth Line to a consortium that includes the firm could help address concerns about its domestic growth potential."/> <meta name="keywords" content="Tokyo Metro, RAIL, TOKYO, U.K., London, LONDON UNDERGROUND, U.K.-JAPAN RELATIONS"/> <meta property="article:tag" content="Tokyo Metro" /> <meta property="article:tag" content=" RAIL" /> <meta property="article:tag" content=" TOKYO" /> <meta property="article:tag" content=" U.K." /> <meta property="article:tag" content=" London" /> <meta property="article:tag" content=" LONDON UNDERGROUND" /> <meta property="article:tag" content=" U.K.-JAPAN RELATIONS" /> <meta name="Idkeywords" content="131703"/> <meta name="pageType" content="article"/> <meta name="datePublished" content="2024-11-21 17:17:00"/> <meta name="dateModified" content="2024-11-21 22:35:42"/> <meta name="author" content="Kazuaki Nagata"/> <meta property="article:author" content="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/142/kazuaki-nagata/"/> <meta name="cXenseParse:author" content="Kazuaki Nagata" data-separator=","> <meta name="inLanguage" content="en"/> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="119406745111"/> <meta property="og:description" content="The award of a contract to operate London’s Elizabeth Line to a consortium that includes the firm could help address concerns about its domestic growth potential."/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Tokyo Metro’s overseas efforts begin in earnest with London deal"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/21/companies/tokyo-metro-london-elizabeth-line/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="The Japan Times"/> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-21T17:17:00+09:00"/> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-11-21T22:35:42+09:00"> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-21T22:35:42+09:00"> <meta property="article:expiration_time" content="2025-11-21T17:17:00+09:00"/> <meta property="article:section" content="BUSINESS"/> <meta name="cXenseParse:articleid" content="618714"> <meta name="cXenseParse:jat-post-type" content="News"> <meta name="cXenseParse:jat-subcategory" content="Companies" data-separator=","> <meta name="cXenseParse:jat-credit" content="STAFF WRITER" data-separator=","> <meta name="cXenseParse:recs:recommendable" content="true"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The award of a contract to operate London’s Elizabeth Line to a consortium that includes the firm could help address concerns about its domestic growth potential."/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Tokyo Metro’s overseas efforts begin in earnest with London deal"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435508.jpg?v=3.1"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435508.jpg?v=3.1"/> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435508.jpg?v=3.1"> <meta name="thumbnailUrl" content="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435508.jpg?v=3.1"/> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435508.jpg?v=3.1"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="600"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="315"/> <meta itemprop="identifier" content="618714"/> <meta itemprop="headline" content="Tokyo Metro’s overseas efforts begin in earnest with London deal"/> <meta itemprop="pageType" content="article"/> <meta itemprop="articleSection" content="BUSINESS"/> <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2024-11-21 17:17:00"/> <meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2024-11-21 22:35:42"/> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="en"/> <meta itemprop="author" content="Kazuaki Nagata"/> <meta itemprop="publisher" content="The Japan Times"/> <link href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/21/companies/tokyo-metro-london-elizabeth-line/" rel="canonical"> <!-- Piano --> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function ( src ) { var a = document.createElement( 'script' ); a.type = 'text/javascript'; a.async = true; a.src = src; var b = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; b.parentNode.insertBefore( a, b ) } )( "//experience-ap.piano.io/xbuilder/experience/load?aid=bWOWSdhXpj" ); </script> <!-- End Piano --> <script async id="ebx" src="//applets.ebxcdn.com/ebx.js" data-applet-id="tscqcttc"></script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "NewsArticle", "dateCreated": "2024-11-21T17:22:41+09:00", "datePublished": "2024-11-21T17:22:41+09:00", "dateModified": "2024-11-21T22:35:42+09:00", "url": "https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/21/companies/tokyo-metro-london-elizabeth-line/", "articleSection" : "BUSINESS", "headline": "Tokyo Metro’s overseas efforts begin in earnest with London deal", "description": "The award of a contract to operate London’s Elizabeth Line to a consortium that includes the firm could help address concerns about its domestic growth potential.", "keywords": "Tokyo Metro, RAIL, TOKYO, U.K., London, LONDON UNDERGROUND, U.K.-JAPAN RELATIONS", "inLanguage": "en", "mainEntityOfPage":{ "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/21/companies/tokyo-metro-london-elizabeth-line/" }, "thumbnailUrl": "https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435508.jpg?v=3.1", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435508.jpg?v=3.1" }, "articleBody": "A consortium that includes Tokyo Metro will be awarded a contract to operate London’s Elizabeth Line, a major train route serving the country’s capital city and environs.It is the first overseas deal involving actual line operations for newly listed Tokyo Metro and could help address concerns about the growth potential of a passenger rail business in depopulating Japan.“In my opinion, expanding into overseas markets is a positive thing,” said Kazuta Fukushima, a senior research officer at Sompo Institute Plus, a Tokyo-based think tank.", "author":[ { "@type":"Person", "name":"Kazuaki Nagata" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "The Japan Times", "url": "https://www.japantimes.co.jp/", "sameAs": ["https://twitter.com/japantimes","https://www.facebook.com/thejapantimes","https://www.instagram.com/thejapantimes/?hl=en","https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-japan-times"], "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "/theme_japantimes/images/logo.svg", "width": 270, "height": 57 } }, "copyrightHolder": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "The Japan Times", "url": "https://www.japantimes.co.jp/" } } </script> <script> tp = window.tp || []; tp.push( [ "setContentSection", "business" ] ); tp.push( [ "setTags", [ "article","Business","Tokyo Metro","RAIL","TOKYO","U.K.","London","LONDON UNDERGROUND","U.K.-JAPAN RELATIONS","y_2024" ] ] ); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KR282M'); </script> <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-PFG2Q35R7H"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() {dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); setTimeout("gtag('event', '15_sec_read', {'Read':'15 sec'})",15000 ); setTimeout("gtag('event', '30_sec_read', {'Read':'30 sec'})",30000 ); gtag('config', 'G-PFG2Q35R7H'); </script> <script> var is_mobile = /*! jQuery v3.5.1 | (c) JS Foundation and other contributors | jquery.org/license */ !function(e,t){"object"==typeof module&&"object"==typeof module.exports?module.exports=e.document?t(e,!0):function(e){if(!e.document){throw new Error("jQuery requires a window with a document")}return t(e)}:t(e)}("undefined"!=typeof window?window:this,function(C,e){var t=[],r=Object.getPrototypeOf,s=t.slice,g=t.flat?function(e){return t.flat.call(e)}:function(e){return t.concat.apply([],e)},u=t.push,i=t.indexOf,n={},o=n.toString,v=n.hasOwnProperty,a=v.toString,l=a.call(Object),y={},m=function(e){return"function"==typeof e&&"number"!=typeof e.nodeType},x=function(e){return null!=e&&e===e.window},E=C.document,c={type:!0,src:!0,nonce:!0,noModule:!0};function b(e,t,n){var r,i,o=(n=n||E).createElement("script");if(o.text=e,t){for(r in c){(i=t[r]||t.getAttribute&&t.getAttribute(r))&&o.setAttribute(r,i)}}n.head.appendChild(o).parentNode.removeChild(o)}function w(e){return null==e?e+"":"object"==typeof e||"function"==typeof e?n[o.call(e)]||"object":typeof e}var f="3.5.1",S=function(e,t){return new S.fn.init(e,t)};function p(e){var t=!!e&&"length" in e&&e.length,n=w(e);return !m(e)&&!x(e)&&("array"===n||0===t||"number"==typeof t&&0<t&&t-1 in e)}S.fn=S.prototype={jquery:f,constructor:S,length:0,toArray:function(){return s.call(this)},get:function(e){return null==e?s.call(this):e<0?this[e+this.length]:this[e]},pushStack:function(e){var t=S.merge(this.constructor(),e);return t.prevObject=this,t},each:function(e){return S.each(this,e)},map:function(n){return this.pushStack(S.map(this,function(e,t){return n.call(e,t,e)}))},slice:function(){return this.pushStack(s.apply(this,arguments))},first:function(){return this.eq(0)},last:function(){return this.eq(-1)},even:function(){return this.pushStack(S.grep(this,function(e,t){return(t+1)%2}))},odd:function(){return this.pushStack(S.grep(this,function(e,t){return t%2}))},eq:function(e){var t=this.length,n=+e+(e<0?t:0);return this.pushStack(0<=n&&n<t?[this[n]]:[])},end:function(){return this.prevObject||this.constructor()},push:u,sort:t.sort,splice:t.splice},S.extend=S.fn.extend=function(){var e,t,n,r,i,o,a=arguments[0]||{},s=1,u=arguments.length,l=!1;for("boolean"==typeof a&&(l=a,a=arguments[s]||{},s++),"object"==typeof a||m(a)||(a={}),s===u&&(a=this,s--);s<u;s++){if(null!=(e=arguments[s])){for(t in e){r=e[t],"__proto__"!==t&&a!==r&&(l&&r&&(S.isPlainObject(r)||(i=Array.isArray(r)))?(n=a[t],o=i&&!Array.isArray(n)?[]:i||S.isPlainObject(n)?n:{},i=!1,a[t]=S.extend(l,o,r)):void 0!==r&&(a[t]=r))}}}return a},S.extend({expando:"jQuery"+(f+Math.random()).replace(/\D/g,""),isReady:!0,error:function(e){throw new Error(e)},noop:function(){},isPlainObject:function(e){var t,n;return !(!e||"[object Object]"!==o.call(e))&&(!(t=r(e))||"function"==typeof(n=v.call(t,"constructor")&&t.constructor)&&a.call(n)===l)},isEmptyObject:function(e){var t;for(t in e){return !1}return !0},globalEval:function(e,t,n){b(e,{nonce:t&&t.nonce},n)},each:function(e,t){var n,r=0;if(p(e)){for(n=e.length;r<n;r++){if(!1===t.call(e[r],r,e[r])){break}}}else{for(r in e){if(!1===t.call(e[r],r,e[r])){break}}}return e},makeArray:function(e,t){var n=t||[];return null!=e&&(p(Object(e))?S.merge(n,"string"==typeof e?[e]:e):u.call(n,e)),n},inArray:function(e,t,n){return null==t?-1:i.call(t,e,n)},merge:function(e,t){for(var n=+t.length,r=0,i=e.length;r<n;r++){e[i++]=t[r]}return e.length=i,e},grep:function(e,t,n){for(var r=[],i=0,o=e.length,a=!n;i<o;i++){!t(e[i],i)!==a&&r.push(e[i])}return r},map:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o=0,a=[];if(p(e)){for(r=e.length;o<r;o++){null!=(i=t(e[o],o,n))&&a.push(i)}}else{for(o in e){null!=(i=t(e[o],o,n))&&a.push(i)}}return g(a)},guid:1,support:y}),"function"==typeof Symbol&&(S.fn[Symbol.iterator]=t[Symbol.iterator]),S.each("Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split(" "),function(e,t){n["[object "+t+"]"]=t.toLowerCase()});var d=function(n){var e,d,b,o,i,h,f,g,w,u,l,T,C,a,E,v,s,c,y,S="sizzle"+1*new Date,p=n.document,k=0,r=0,m=ue(),x=ue(),A=ue(),N=ue(),D=function(e,t){return e===t&&(l=!0),0},j={}.hasOwnProperty,t=[],q=t.pop,L=t.push,H=t.push,O=t.slice,P=function(e,t){for(var n=0,r=e.length;n<r;n++){if(e[n]===t){return n}}return -1},R="checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped",M="[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]",I="(?:\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}"+M+"?|\\\\[^\\r\\n\\f]|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\x7f])+",W="\\["+M+"*("+I+")(?:"+M+"*([*^$|!~]?=)"+M+"*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|("+I+"))|)"+M+"*\\]",F=":("+I+")(?:\\((('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|"+W+")*)|.*)\\)|)",B=new RegExp(M+"+","g"),$=new RegExp("^"+M+"+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)"+M+"+$","g"),_=new RegExp("^"+M+"*,"+M+"*"),z=new RegExp("^"+M+"*([>+~]|"+M+")"+M+"*"),U=new RegExp(M+"|>"),X=new RegExp(F),V=new RegExp("^"+I+"$"),G={ID:new RegExp("^#("+I+")"),CLASS:new RegExp("^\\.("+I+")"),TAG:new RegExp("^("+I+"|[*])"),ATTR:new RegExp("^"+W),PSEUDO:new RegExp("^"+F),CHILD:new RegExp("^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\("+M+"*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)"+M+"*(?:([+-]|)"+M+"*(\\d+)|))"+M+"*\\)|)","i"),bool:new RegExp("^(?:"+R+")$","i"),needsContext:new RegExp("^"+M+"*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\("+M+"*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)"+M+"*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)","i")},Y=/HTML$/i,Q=/^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,J=/^h\d$/i,K=/^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/,Z=/^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/,ee=/[+~]/,te=new RegExp("\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}"+M+"?|\\\\([^\\r\\n\\f])","g"),ne=function(e,t){var n="0x"+e.slice(1)-65536;return t||(n<0?String.fromCharCode(n+65536):String.fromCharCode(n>>10|55296,1023&n|56320))},re=/([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g,ie=function(e,t){return t?"\0"===e?"\ufffd":e.slice(0,-1)+"\\"+e.charCodeAt(e.length-1).toString(16)+" ":"\\"+e},oe=function(){T()},ae=be(function(e){return !0===e.disabled&&"fieldset"===e.nodeName.toLowerCase()},{dir:"parentNode",next:"legend"});try{H.apply(t=O.call(p.childNodes),p.childNodes),t[p.childNodes.length].nodeType}catch(e){H={apply:t.length?function(e,t){L.apply(e,O.call(t))}:function(e,t){var n=e.length,r=0;while(e[n++]=t[r++]){}e.length=n-1}}}function se(t,e,n,r){var i,o,a,s,u,l,c,f=e&&e.ownerDocument,p=e?e.nodeType:9;if(n=n||[],"string"!=typeof t||!t||1!==p&&9!==p&&11!==p){return n}if(!r&&(T(e),e=e||C,E)){if(11!==p&&(u=Z.exec(t))){if(i=u[1]){if(9===p){if(!(a=e.getElementById(i))){return n}if(a.id===i){return n.push(a),n}}else{if(f&&(a=f.getElementById(i))&&y(e,a)&&a.id===i){return n.push(a),n}}}else{if(u[2]){return H.apply(n,e.getElementsByTagName(t)),n}if((i=u[3])&&d.getElementsByClassName&&e.getElementsByClassName){return H.apply(n,e.getElementsByClassName(i)),n}}}if(d.qsa&&!N[t+" "]&&(!v||!v.test(t))&&(1!==p||"object"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())){if(c=t,f=e,1===p&&(U.test(t)||z.test(t))){(f=ee.test(t)&&ye(e.parentNode)||e)===e&&d.scope||((s=e.getAttribute("id"))?s=s.replace(re,ie):e.setAttribute("id",s=S)),o=(l=h(t)).length;while(o--){l[o]=(s?"#"+s:":scope")+" "+xe(l[o])}c=l.join(",")}try{return H.apply(n,f.querySelectorAll(c)),n}catch(e){N(t,!0)}finally{s===S&&e.removeAttribute("id")}}}return g(t.replace($,"$1"),e,n,r)}function ue(){var r=[];return function e(t,n){return r.push(t+" ")>b.cacheLength&&delete e[r.shift()],e[t+" "]=n}}function le(e){return e[S]=!0,e}function ce(e){var t=C.createElement("fieldset");try{return !!e(t)}catch(e){return !1}finally{t.parentNode&&t.parentNode.removeChild(t),t=null}}function fe(e,t){var n=e.split("|"),r=n.length;while(r--){b.attrHandle[n[r]]=t}}function pe(e,t){var n=t&&e,r=n&&1===e.nodeType&&1===t.nodeType&&e.sourceIndex-t.sourceIndex;if(r){return r}if(n){while(n=n.nextSibling){if(n===t){return -1}}}return e?1:-1}function de(t){return function(e){return"input"===e.nodeName.toLowerCase()&&e.type===t}}function he(n){return function(e){var t=e.nodeName.toLowerCase();return("input"===t||"button"===t)&&e.type===n}}function ge(t){return function(e){return"form" in e?e.parentNode&&!1===e.disabled?"label" in e?"label" in e.parentNode?e.parentNode.disabled===t:e.disabled===t:e.isDisabled===t||e.isDisabled!==!t&&ae(e)===t:e.disabled===t:"label" in e&&e.disabled===t}}function ve(a){return le(function(o){return o=+o,le(function(e,t){var n,r=a([],e.length,o),i=r.length;while(i--){e[n=r[i]]&&(e[n]=!(t[n]=e[n]))}})})}function ye(e){return e&&"undefined"!=typeof e.getElementsByTagName&&e}for(e in d=se.support={},i=se.isXML=function(e){var t=e.namespaceURI,n=(e.ownerDocument||e).documentElement;return !Y.test(t||n&&n.nodeName||"HTML")},T=se.setDocument=function(e){var t,n,r=e?e.ownerDocument||e:p;return r!=C&&9===r.nodeType&&r.documentElement&&(a=(C=r).documentElement,E=!i(C),p!=C&&(n=C.defaultView)&&n.top!==n&&(n.addEventListener?n.addEventListener("unload",oe,!1):n.attachEvent&&n.attachEvent("onunload",oe)),d.scope=ce(function(e){return a.appendChild(e).appendChild(C.createElement("div")),"undefined"!=typeof e.querySelectorAll&&!e.querySelectorAll(":scope fieldset div").length}),d.attributes=ce(function(e){return e.className="i",!e.getAttribute("className")}),d.getElementsByTagName=ce(function(e){return e.appendChild(C.createComment("")),!e.getElementsByTagName("*").length}),d.getElementsByClassName=K.test(C.getElementsByClassName),d.getById=ce(function(e){return a.appendChild(e).id=S,!C.getElementsByName||!C.getElementsByName(S).length}),d.getById?(b.filter.ID=function(e){var t=e.replace(te,ne);return function(e){return e.getAttribute("id")===t}},b.find.ID=function(e,t){if("undefined"!=typeof t.getElementById&&E){var n=t.getElementById(e);return n?[n]:[]}}):(b.filter.ID=function(e){var n=e.replace(te,ne);return function(e){var t="undefined"!=typeof e.getAttributeNode&&e.getAttributeNode("id");return t&&t.value===n}},b.find.ID=function(e,t){if("undefined"!=typeof t.getElementById&&E){var n,r,i,o=t.getElementById(e);if(o){if((n=o.getAttributeNode("id"))&&n.value===e){return[o]}i=t.getElementsByName(e),r=0;while(o=i[r++]){if((n=o.getAttributeNode("id"))&&n.value===e){return[o]}}}return[]}}),b.find.TAG=d.getElementsByTagName?function(e,t){return"undefined"!=typeof t.getElementsByTagName?t.getElementsByTagName(e):d.qsa?t.querySelectorAll(e):void 0}:function(e,t){var n,r=[],i=0,o=t.getElementsByTagName(e);if("*"===e){while(n=o[i++]){1===n.nodeType&&r.push(n)}return r}return o},b.find.CLASS=d.getElementsByClassName&&function(e,t){if("undefined"!=typeof t.getElementsByClassName&&E){return t.getElementsByClassName(e)}},s=[],v=[],(d.qsa=K.test(C.querySelectorAll))&&(ce(function(e){var t;a.appendChild(e).innerHTML="<a id='"+S+"'></a><select id='"+S+"-\r\\' msallowcapture=''><option selected=''></option></select>",e.querySelectorAll("[msallowcapture^='']").length&&v.push("[*^$]="+M+"*(?:''|\"\")"),e.querySelectorAll("[selected]").length||v.push("\\["+M+"*(?:value|"+R+")"),e.querySelectorAll("[id~="+S+"-]").length||v.push("~="),(t=C.createElement("input")).setAttribute("name",""),e.appendChild(t),e.querySelectorAll("[name='']").length||v.push("\\["+M+"*name"+M+"*="+M+"*(?:''|\"\")"),e.querySelectorAll(":checked").length||v.push(":checked"),e.querySelectorAll("a#"+S+"+*").length||v.push(".#.+[+~]"),e.querySelectorAll("\\\f"),v.push("[\\r\\n\\f]")}),ce(function(e){e.innerHTML="<a href='' disabled='disabled'></a><select disabled='disabled'><option/></select>";var t=C.createElement("input");t.setAttribute("type","hidden"),e.appendChild(t).setAttribute("name","D"),e.querySelectorAll("[name=d]").length&&v.push("name"+M+"*[*^$|!~]?="),2!==e.querySelectorAll(":enabled").length&&v.push(":enabled",":disabled"),a.appendChild(e).disabled=!0,2!==e.querySelectorAll(":disabled").length&&v.push(":enabled",":disabled"),e.querySelectorAll("*,:x"),v.push(",.*:")})),(d.matchesSelector=K.test(c=a.matches||a.webkitMatchesSelector||a.mozMatchesSelector||a.oMatchesSelector||a.msMatchesSelector))&&ce(function(e){d.disconnectedMatch=c.call(e,"*"),c.call(e,"[s!='']:x"),s.push("!=",F)}),v=v.length&&new RegExp(v.join("|")),s=s.length&&new RegExp(s.join("|")),t=K.test(a.compareDocumentPosition),y=t||K.test(a.contains)?function(e,t){var n=9===e.nodeType?e.documentElement:e,r=t&&t.parentNode;return e===r||!(!r||1!==r.nodeType||!(n.contains?n.contains(r):e.compareDocumentPosition&&16&e.compareDocumentPosition(r)))}:function(e,t){if(t){while(t=t.parentNode){if(t===e){return !0}}}return !1},D=t?function(e,t){if(e===t){return l=!0,0}var n=!e.compareDocumentPosition-!t.compareDocumentPosition;return n||(1&(n=(e.ownerDocument||e)==(t.ownerDocument||t)?e.compareDocumentPosition(t):1)||!d.sortDetached&&t.compareDocumentPosition(e)===n?e==C||e.ownerDocument==p&&y(p,e)?-1:t==C||t.ownerDocument==p&&y(p,t)?1:u?P(u,e)-P(u,t):0:4&n?-1:1)}:function(e,t){if(e===t){return l=!0,0}var n,r=0,i=e.parentNode,o=t.parentNode,a=[e],s=[t];if(!i||!o){return e==C?-1:t==C?1:i?-1:o?1:u?P(u,e)-P(u,t):0}if(i===o){return pe(e,t)}n=e;while(n=n.parentNode){a.unshift(n)}n=t;while(n=n.parentNode){s.unshift(n)}while(a[r]===s[r]){r++}return r?pe(a[r],s[r]):a[r]==p?-1:s[r]==p?1:0}),C},se.matches=function(e,t){return se(e,null,null,t)},se.matchesSelector=function(e,t){if(T(e),d.matchesSelector&&E&&!N[t+" "]&&(!s||!s.test(t))&&(!v||!v.test(t))){try{var n=c.call(e,t);if(n||d.disconnectedMatch||e.document&&11!==e.document.nodeType){return n}}catch(e){N(t,!0)}}return 0<se(t,C,null,[e]).length},se.contains=function(e,t){return(e.ownerDocument||e)!=C&&T(e),y(e,t)},se.attr=function(e,t){(e.ownerDocument||e)!=C&&T(e);var n=b.attrHandle[t.toLowerCase()],r=n&&j.call(b.attrHandle,t.toLowerCase())?n(e,t,!E):void 0;return void 0!==r?r:d.attributes||!E?e.getAttribute(t):(r=e.getAttributeNode(t))&&r.specified?r.value:null},se.escape=function(e){return(e+"").replace(re,ie)},se.error=function(e){throw new Error("Syntax error, unrecognized expression: "+e)},se.uniqueSort=function(e){var t,n=[],r=0,i=0;if(l=!d.detectDuplicates,u=!d.sortStable&&e.slice(0),e.sort(D),l){while(t=e[i++]){t===e[i]&&(r=n.push(i))}while(r--){e.splice(n[r],1)}}return u=null,e},o=se.getText=function(e){var t,n="",r=0,i=e.nodeType;if(i){if(1===i||9===i||11===i){if("string"==typeof e.textContent){return e.textContent}for(e=e.firstChild;e;e=e.nextSibling){n+=o(e)}}else{if(3===i||4===i){return e.nodeValue}}}else{while(t=e[r++]){n+=o(t)}}return n},(b=se.selectors={cacheLength:50,createPseudo:le,match:G,attrHandle:{},find:{},relative:{">":{dir:"parentNode",first:!0}," ":{dir:"parentNode"},"+":{dir:"previousSibling",first:!0},"~":{dir:"previousSibling"}},preFilter:{ATTR:function(e){return e[1]=e[1].replace(te,ne),e[3]=(e[3]||e[4]||e[5]||"").replace(te,ne),"~="===e[2]&&(e[3]=" "+e[3]+" "),e.slice(0,4)},CHILD:function(e){return e[1]=e[1].toLowerCase(),"nth"===e[1].slice(0,3)?(e[3]||se.error(e[0]),e[4]=+(e[4]?e[5]+(e[6]||1):2*("even"===e[3]||"odd"===e[3])),e[5]=+(e[7]+e[8]||"odd"===e[3])):e[3]&&se.error(e[0]),e},PSEUDO:function(e){var t,n=!e[6]&&e[2];return G.CHILD.test(e[0])?null:(e[3]?e[2]=e[4]||e[5]||"":n&&X.test(n)&&(t=h(n,!0))&&(t=n.indexOf(")",n.length-t)-n.length)&&(e[0]=e[0].slice(0,t),e[2]=n.slice(0,t)),e.slice(0,3))}},filter:{TAG:function(e){var t=e.replace(te,ne).toLowerCase();return"*"===e?function(){return !0}:function(e){return e.nodeName&&e.nodeName.toLowerCase()===t}},CLASS:function(e){var t=m[e+" "];return t||(t=new RegExp("(^|"+M+")"+e+"("+M+"|$)"))&&m(e,function(e){return t.test("string"==typeof e.className&&e.className||"undefined"!=typeof e.getAttribute&&e.getAttribute("class")||"")})},ATTR:function(n,r,i){return function(e){var t=se.attr(e,n);return null==t?"!="===r:!r||(t+="","="===r?t===i:"!="===r?t!==i:"^="===r?i&&0===t.indexOf(i):"*="===r?i&&-1<t.indexOf(i):"$="===r?i&&t.slice(-i.length)===i:"~="===r?-1<(" "+t.replace(B," ")+" ").indexOf(i):"|="===r&&(t===i||t.slice(0,i.length+1)===i+"-"))}},CHILD:function(h,e,t,g,v){var y="nth"!==h.slice(0,3),m="last"!==h.slice(-4),x="of-type"===e;return 1===g&&0===v?function(e){return !!e.parentNode}:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a,s,u,l=y!==m?"nextSibling":"previousSibling",c=e.parentNode,f=x&&e.nodeName.toLowerCase(),p=!n&&!x,d=!1;if(c){if(y){while(l){a=e;while(a=a[l]){if(x?a.nodeName.toLowerCase()===f:1===a.nodeType){return !1}}u=l="only"===h&&!u&&"nextSibling"}return !0}if(u=[m?c.firstChild:c.lastChild],m&&p){d=(s=(r=(i=(o=(a=c)[S]||(a[S]={}))[a.uniqueID]||(o[a.uniqueID]={}))[h]||[])[0]===k&&r[1])&&r[2],a=s&&c.childNodes[s];while(a=++s&&a&&a[l]||(d=s=0)||u.pop()){if(1===a.nodeType&&++d&&a===e){i[h]=[k,s,d];break}}}else{if(p&&(d=s=(r=(i=(o=(a=e)[S]||(a[S]={}))[a.uniqueID]||(o[a.uniqueID]={}))[h]||[])[0]===k&&r[1]),!1===d){while(a=++s&&a&&a[l]||(d=s=0)||u.pop()){if((x?a.nodeName.toLowerCase()===f:1===a.nodeType)&&++d&&(p&&((i=(o=a[S]||(a[S]={}))[a.uniqueID]||(o[a.uniqueID]={}))[h]=[k,d]),a===e)){break}}}}return(d-=v)===g||d%g==0&&0<=d/g}}},PSEUDO:function(e,o){var t,a=b.pseudos[e]||b.setFilters[e.toLowerCase()]||se.error("unsupported pseudo: "+e);return a[S]?a(o):1<a.length?(t=[e,e,"",o],b.setFilters.hasOwnProperty(e.toLowerCase())?le(function(e,t){var n,r=a(e,o),i=r.length;while(i--){e[n=P(e,r[i])]=!(t[n]=r[i])}}):function(e){return a(e,0,t)}):a}},pseudos:{not:le(function(e){var r=[],i=[],s=f(e.replace($,"$1"));return s[S]?le(function(e,t,n,r){var i,o=s(e,null,r,[]),a=e.length;while(a--){(i=o[a])&&(e[a]=!(t[a]=i))}}):function(e,t,n){return r[0]=e,s(r,null,n,i),r[0]=null,!i.pop()}}),has:le(function(t){return function(e){return 0<se(t,e).length}}),contains:le(function(t){return t=t.replace(te,ne),function(e){return -1<(e.textContent||o(e)).indexOf(t)}}),lang:le(function(n){return V.test(n||"")||se.error("unsupported lang: "+n),n=n.replace(te,ne).toLowerCase(),function(e){var t;do{if(t=E?e.lang:e.getAttribute("xml:lang")||e.getAttribute("lang")){return(t=t.toLowerCase())===n||0===t.indexOf(n+"-")}}while((e=e.parentNode)&&1===e.nodeType);return !1}}),target:function(e){var t=n.location&&n.location.hash;return t&&t.slice(1)===e.id},root:function(e){return e===a},focus:function(e){return e===C.activeElement&&(!C.hasFocus||C.hasFocus())&&!!(e.type||e.href||~e.tabIndex)},enabled:ge(!1),disabled:ge(!0),checked:function(e){var t=e.nodeName.toLowerCase();return"input"===t&&!!e.checked||"option"===t&&!!e.selected},selected:function(e){return e.parentNode&&e.parentNode.selectedIndex,!0===e.selected},empty:function(e){for(e=e.firstChild;e;e=e.nextSibling){if(e.nodeType<6){return !1}}return !0},parent:function(e){return !b.pseudos.empty(e)},header:function(e){return J.test(e.nodeName)},input:function(e){return Q.test(e.nodeName)},button:function(e){var t=e.nodeName.toLowerCase();return"input"===t&&"button"===e.type||"button"===t},text:function(e){var t;return"input"===e.nodeName.toLowerCase()&&"text"===e.type&&(null==(t=e.getAttribute("type"))||"text"===t.toLowerCase())},first:ve(function(){return[0]}),last:ve(function(e,t){return[t-1]}),eq:ve(function(e,t,n){return[n<0?n+t:n]}),even:ve(function(e,t){for(var n=0;n<t;n+=2){e.push(n)}return e}),odd:ve(function(e,t){for(var n=1;n<t;n+=2){e.push(n)}return e}),lt:ve(function(e,t,n){for(var r=n<0?n+t:t<n?t:n;0<=--r;){e.push(r)}return e}),gt:ve(function(e,t,n){for(var r=n<0?n+t:n;++r<t;){e.push(r)}return e})}}).pseudos.nth=b.pseudos.eq,{radio:!0,checkbox:!0,file:!0,password:!0,image:!0}){b.pseudos[e]=de(e)}for(e in {submit:!0,reset:!0}){b.pseudos[e]=he(e)}function me(){}function xe(e){for(var t=0,n=e.length,r="";t<n;t++){r+=e[t].value}return r}function be(s,e,t){var u=e.dir,l=e.next,c=l||u,f=t&&"parentNode"===c,p=r++;return e.first?function(e,t,n){while(e=e[u]){if(1===e.nodeType||f){return s(e,t,n)}}return !1}:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a=[k,p];if(n){while(e=e[u]){if((1===e.nodeType||f)&&s(e,t,n)){return !0}}}else{while(e=e[u]){if(1===e.nodeType||f){if(i=(o=e[S]||(e[S]={}))[e.uniqueID]||(o[e.uniqueID]={}),l&&l===e.nodeName.toLowerCase()){e=e[u]||e}else{if((r=i[c])&&r[0]===k&&r[1]===p){return a[2]=r[2]}if((i[c]=a)[2]=s(e,t,n)){return !0}}}}}return !1}}function we(i){return 1<i.length?function(e,t,n){var r=i.length;while(r--){if(!i[r](e,t,n)){return !1}}return !0}:i[0]}function Te(e,t,n,r,i){for(var o,a=[],s=0,u=e.length,l=null!=t;s<u;s++){(o=e[s])&&(n&&!n(o,r,i)||(a.push(o),l&&t.push(s)))}return a}function Ce(d,h,g,v,y,e){return v&&!v[S]&&(v=Ce(v)),y&&!y[S]&&(y=Ce(y,e)),le(function(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a,s=[],u=[],l=t.length,c=e||function(e,t,n){for(var r=0,i=t.length;r<i;r++){se(e,t[r],n)}return n}(h||"*",n.nodeType?[n]:n,[]),f=!d||!e&&h?c:Te(c,s,d,n,r),p=g?y||(e?d:l||v)?[]:t:f;if(g&&g(f,p,n,r),v){i=Te(p,u),v(i,[],n,r),o=i.length;while(o--){(a=i[o])&&(p[u[o]]=!(f[u[o]]=a))}}if(e){if(y||d){if(y){i=[],o=p.length;while(o--){(a=p[o])&&i.push(f[o]=a)}y(null,p=[],i,r)}o=p.length;while(o--){(a=p[o])&&-1<(i=y?P(e,a):s[o])&&(e[i]=!(t[i]=a))}}}else{p=Te(p===t?p.splice(l,p.length):p),y?y(null,t,p,r):H.apply(t,p)}})}function Ee(e){for(var i,t,n,r=e.length,o=b.relative[e[0].type],a=o||b.relative[" "],s=o?1:0,u=be(function(e){return e===i},a,!0),l=be(function(e){return -1<P(i,e)},a,!0),c=[function(e,t,n){var r=!o&&(n||t!==w)||((i=t).nodeType?u(e,t,n):l(e,t,n));return i=null,r}];s<r;s++){if(t=b.relative[e[s].type]){c=[be(we(c),t)]}else{if((t=b.filter[e[s].type].apply(null,e[s].matches))[S]){for(n=++s;n<r;n++){if(b.relative[e[n].type]){break}}return Ce(1<s&&we(c),1<s&&xe(e.slice(0,s-1).concat({value:" "===e[s-2].type?"*":""})).replace($,"$1"),t,s<n&&Ee(e.slice(s,n)),n<r&&Ee(e=e.slice(n)),n<r&&xe(e))}c.push(t)}}return we(c)}return me.prototype=b.filters=b.pseudos,b.setFilters=new me,h=se.tokenize=function(e,t){var n,r,i,o,a,s,u,l=x[e+" "];if(l){return t?0:l.slice(0)}a=e,s=[],u=b.preFilter;while(a){for(o in n&&!(r=_.exec(a))||(r&&(a=a.slice(r[0].length)||a),s.push(i=[])),n=!1,(r=z.exec(a))&&(n=r.shift(),i.push({value:n,type:r[0].replace($," ")}),a=a.slice(n.length)),b.filter){!(r=G[o].exec(a))||u[o]&&!(r=u[o](r))||(n=r.shift(),i.push({value:n,type:o,matches:r}),a=a.slice(n.length))}if(!n){break}}return t?a.length:a?se.error(e):x(e,s).slice(0)},f=se.compile=function(e,t){var n,v,y,m,x,r,i=[],o=[],a=A[e+" "];if(!a){t||(t=h(e)),n=t.length;while(n--){(a=Ee(t[n]))[S]?i.push(a):o.push(a)}(a=A(e,(v=o,m=0<(y=i).length,x=0<v.length,r=function(e,t,n,r,i){var o,a,s,u=0,l="0",c=e&&[],f=[],p=w,d=e||x&&b.find.TAG("*",i),h=k+=null==p?1:Math.random()||0.1,g=d.length;for(i&&(w=t==C||t||i);l!==g&&null!=(o=d[l]);l++){if(x&&o){a=0,t||o.ownerDocument==C||(T(o),n=!E);while(s=v[a++]){if(s(o,t||C,n)){r.push(o);break}}i&&(k=h)}m&&((o=!s&&o)&&u--,e&&c.push(o))}if(u+=l,m&&l!==u){a=0;while(s=y[a++]){s(c,f,t,n)}if(e){if(0<u){while(l--){c[l]||f[l]||(f[l]=q.call(r))}}f=Te(f)}H.apply(r,f),i&&!e&&0<f.length&&1<u+y.length&&se.uniqueSort(r)}return i&&(k=h,w=p),c},m?le(r):r))).selector=e}return a},g=se.select=function(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a,s,u,l="function"==typeof e&&e,c=!r&&h(e=l.selector||e);if(n=n||[],1===c.length){if(2<(o=c[0]=c[0].slice(0)).length&&"ID"===(a=o[0]).type&&9===t.nodeType&&E&&b.relative[o[1].type]){if(!(t=(b.find.ID(a.matches[0].replace(te,ne),t)||[])[0])){return n}l&&(t=t.parentNode),e=e.slice(o.shift().value.length)}i=G.needsContext.test(e)?0:o.length;while(i--){if(a=o[i],b.relative[s=a.type]){break}if((u=b.find[s])&&(r=u(a.matches[0].replace(te,ne),ee.test(o[0].type)&&ye(t.parentNode)||t))){if(o.splice(i,1),!(e=r.length&&xe(o))){return H.apply(n,r),n}break}}}return(l||f(e,c))(r,t,!E,n,!t||ee.test(e)&&ye(t.parentNode)||t),n},d.sortStable=S.split("").sort(D).join("")===S,d.detectDuplicates=!!l,T(),d.sortDetached=ce(function(e){return 1&e.compareDocumentPosition(C.createElement("fieldset"))}),ce(function(e){return e.innerHTML="<a href='#'></a>","#"===e.firstChild.getAttribute("href")})||fe("type|href|height|width",function(e,t,n){if(!n){return e.getAttribute(t,"type"===t.toLowerCase()?1:2)}}),d.attributes&&ce(function(e){return e.innerHTML="<input/>",e.firstChild.setAttribute("value",""),""===e.firstChild.getAttribute("value")})||fe("value",function(e,t,n){if(!n&&"input"===e.nodeName.toLowerCase()){return e.defaultValue}}),ce(function(e){return null==e.getAttribute("disabled")})||fe(R,function(e,t,n){var r;if(!n){return !0===e[t]?t.toLowerCase():(r=e.getAttributeNode(t))&&r.specified?r.value:null}}),se}(C);S.find=d,S.expr=d.selectors,S.expr[":"]=S.expr.pseudos,S.uniqueSort=S.unique=d.uniqueSort,S.text=d.getText,S.isXMLDoc=d.isXML,S.contains=d.contains,S.escapeSelector=d.escape;var h=function(e,t,n){var r=[],i=void 0!==n;while((e=e[t])&&9!==e.nodeType){if(1===e.nodeType){if(i&&S(e).is(n)){break}r.push(e)}}return r},T=function(e,t){for(var n=[];e;e=e.nextSibling){1===e.nodeType&&e!==t&&n.push(e)}return n},k=S.expr.match.needsContext;function A(e,t){return e.nodeName&&e.nodeName.toLowerCase()===t.toLowerCase()}var N=/^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i;function D(e,n,r){return m(n)?S.grep(e,function(e,t){return !!n.call(e,t,e)!==r}):n.nodeType?S.grep(e,function(e){return e===n!==r}):"string"!=typeof n?S.grep(e,function(e){return -1<i.call(n,e)!==r}):S.filter(n,e,r)}S.filter=function(e,t,n){var r=t[0];return n&&(e=":not("+e+")"),1===t.length&&1===r.nodeType?S.find.matchesSelector(r,e)?[r]:[]:S.find.matches(e,S.grep(t,function(e){return 1===e.nodeType}))},S.fn.extend({find:function(e){var t,n,r=this.length,i=this;if("string"!=typeof e){return this.pushStack(S(e).filter(function(){for(t=0;t<r;t++){if(S.contains(i[t],this)){return !0}}}))}for(n=this.pushStack([]),t=0;t<r;t++){S.find(e,i[t],n)}return 1<r?S.uniqueSort(n):n},filter:function(e){return this.pushStack(D(this,e||[],!1))},not:function(e){return this.pushStack(D(this,e||[],!0))},is:function(e){return !!D(this,"string"==typeof e&&k.test(e)?S(e):e||[],!1).length}});var j,q=/^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/;(S.fn.init=function(e,t,n){var r,i;if(!e){return this}if(n=n||j,"string"==typeof e){if(!(r="<"===e[0]&&">"===e[e.length-1]&&3<=e.length?[null,e,null]:q.exec(e))||!r[1]&&t){return !t||t.jquery?(t||n).find(e):this.constructor(t).find(e)}if(r[1]){if(t=t instanceof S?t[0]:t,S.merge(this,S.parseHTML(r[1],t&&t.nodeType?t.ownerDocument||t:E,!0)),N.test(r[1])&&S.isPlainObject(t)){for(r in t){m(this[r])?this[r](t[r]):this.attr(r,t[r])}}return this}return(i=E.getElementById(r[2]))&&(this[0]=i,this.length=1),this}return e.nodeType?(this[0]=e,this.length=1,this):m(e)?void 0!==n.ready?n.ready(e):e(S):S.makeArray(e,this)}).prototype=S.fn,j=S(E);var L=/^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/,H={children:!0,contents:!0,next:!0,prev:!0};function O(e,t){while((e=e[t])&&1!==e.nodeType){}return e}S.fn.extend({has:function(e){var t=S(e,this),n=t.length;return this.filter(function(){for(var e=0;e<n;e++){if(S.contains(this,t[e])){return !0}}})},closest:function(e,t){var n,r=0,i=this.length,o=[],a="string"!=typeof e&&S(e);if(!k.test(e)){for(;r<i;r++){for(n=this[r];n&&n!==t;n=n.parentNode){if(n.nodeType<11&&(a?-1<a.index(n):1===n.nodeType&&S.find.matchesSelector(n,e))){o.push(n);break}}}}return this.pushStack(1<o.length?S.uniqueSort(o):o)},index:function(e){return e?"string"==typeof e?i.call(S(e),this[0]):i.call(this,e.jquery?e[0]:e):this[0]&&this[0].parentNode?this.first().prevAll().length:-1},add:function(e,t){return this.pushStack(S.uniqueSort(S.merge(this.get(),S(e,t))))},addBack:function(e){return this.add(null==e?this.prevObject:this.prevObject.filter(e))}}),S.each({parent:function(e){var t=e.parentNode;return t&&11!==t.nodeType?t:null},parents:function(e){return h(e,"parentNode")},parentsUntil:function(e,t,n){return h(e,"parentNode",n)},next:function(e){return O(e,"nextSibling")},prev:function(e){return O(e,"previousSibling")},nextAll:function(e){return h(e,"nextSibling")},prevAll:function(e){return h(e,"previousSibling")},nextUntil:function(e,t,n){return h(e,"nextSibling",n)},prevUntil:function(e,t,n){return h(e,"previousSibling",n)},siblings:function(e){return T((e.parentNode||{}).firstChild,e)},children:function(e){return T(e.firstChild)},contents:function(e){return null!=e.contentDocument&&r(e.contentDocument)?e.contentDocument:(A(e,"template")&&(e=e.content||e),S.merge([],e.childNodes))}},function(r,i){S.fn[r]=function(e,t){var n=S.map(this,i,e);return"Until"!==r.slice(-5)&&(t=e),t&&"string"==typeof t&&(n=S.filter(t,n)),1<this.length&&(H[r]||S.uniqueSort(n),L.test(r)&&n.reverse()),this.pushStack(n)}});var P=/[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g;function R(e){return e}function M(e){throw e}function I(e,t,n,r){var i;try{e&&m(i=e.promise)?i.call(e).done(t).fail(n):e&&m(i=e.then)?i.call(e,t,n):t.apply(void 0,[e].slice(r))}catch(e){n.apply(void 0,[e])}}S.Callbacks=function(r){var e,n;r="string"==typeof r?(e=r,n={},S.each(e.match(P)||[],function(e,t){n[t]=!0}),n):S.extend({},r);var i,t,o,a,s=[],u=[],l=-1,c=function(){for(a=a||r.once,o=i=!0;u.length;l=-1){t=u.shift();while(++l<s.length){!1===s[l].apply(t[0],t[1])&&r.stopOnFalse&&(l=s.length,t=!1)}}r.memory||(t=!1),i=!1,a&&(s=t?[]:"")},f={add:function(){return s&&(t&&!i&&(l=s.length-1,u.push(t)),function n(e){S.each(e,function(e,t){m(t)?r.unique&&f.has(t)||s.push(t):t&&t.length&&"string"!==w(t)&&n(t)})}(arguments),t&&!i&&c()),this},remove:function(){return S.each(arguments,function(e,t){var n;while(-1<(n=S.inArray(t,s,n))){s.splice(n,1),n<=l&&l--}}),this},has:function(e){return e?-1<S.inArray(e,s):0<s.length},empty:function(){return s&&(s=[]),this},disable:function(){return a=u=[],s=t="",this},disabled:function(){return !s},lock:function(){return a=u=[],t||i||(s=t=""),this},locked:function(){return !!a},fireWith:function(e,t){return a||(t=[e,(t=t||[]).slice?t.slice():t],u.push(t),i||c()),this},fire:function(){return f.fireWith(this,arguments),this},fired:function(){return !!o}};return f},S.extend({Deferred:function(e){var o=[["notify","progress",S.Callbacks("memory"),S.Callbacks("memory"),2],["resolve","done",S.Callbacks("once memory"),S.Callbacks("once memory"),0,"resolved"],["reject","fail",S.Callbacks("once memory"),S.Callbacks("once memory"),1,"rejected"]],i="pending",a={state:function(){return i},always:function(){return s.done(arguments).fail(arguments),this},"catch":function(e){return a.then(null,e)},pipe:function(){var i=arguments;return S.Deferred(function(r){S.each(o,function(e,t){var n=m(i[t[4]])&&i[t[4]];s[t[1]](function(){var e=n&&n.apply(this,arguments);e&&m(e.promise)?e.promise().progress(r.notify).done(r.resolve).fail(r.reject):r[t[0]+"With"](this,n?[e]:arguments)})}),i=null}).promise()},then:function(t,n,r){var u=0;function l(i,o,a,s){return function(){var n=this,r=arguments,e=function(){var e,t;if(!(i<u)){if((e=a.apply(n,r))===o.promise()){throw new TypeError("Thenable self-resolution")}t=e&&("object"==typeof e||"function"==typeof e)&&e.then,m(t)?s?t.call(e,l(u,o,R,s),l(u,o,M,s)):(u++,t.call(e,l(u,o,R,s),l(u,o,M,s),l(u,o,R,o.notifyWith))):(a!==R&&(n=void 0,r=[e]),(s||o.resolveWith)(n,r))}},t=s?e:function(){try{e()}catch(e){S.Deferred.exceptionHook&&S.Deferred.exceptionHook(e,t.stackTrace),u<=i+1&&(a!==M&&(n=void 0,r=[e]),o.rejectWith(n,r))}};i?t():(S.Deferred.getStackHook&&(t.stackTrace=S.Deferred.getStackHook()),C.setTimeout(t))}}return S.Deferred(function(e){o[0][3].add(l(0,e,m(r)?r:R,e.notifyWith)),o[1][3].add(l(0,e,m(t)?t:R)),o[2][3].add(l(0,e,m(n)?n:M))}).promise()},promise:function(e){return null!=e?S.extend(e,a):a}},s={};return S.each(o,function(e,t){var n=t[2],r=t[5];a[t[1]]=n.add,r&&n.add(function(){i=r},o[3-e][2].disable,o[3-e][3].disable,o[0][2].lock,o[0][3].lock),n.add(t[3].fire),s[t[0]]=function(){return s[t[0]+"With"](this===s?void 0:this,arguments),this},s[t[0]+"With"]=n.fireWith}),a.promise(s),e&&e.call(s,s),s},when:function(e){var n=arguments.length,t=n,r=Array(t),i=s.call(arguments),o=S.Deferred(),a=function(t){return function(e){r[t]=this,i[t]=1<arguments.length?s.call(arguments):e,--n||o.resolveWith(r,i)}};if(n<=1&&(I(e,o.done(a(t)).resolve,o.reject,!n),"pending"===o.state()||m(i[t]&&i[t].then))){return o.then()}while(t--){I(i[t],a(t),o.reject)}return o.promise()}});var W=/^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/;S.Deferred.exceptionHook=function(e,t){C.console&&C.console.warn&&e&&W.test(e.name)&&C.console.warn("jQuery.Deferred exception: "+e.message,e.stack,t)},S.readyException=function(e){C.setTimeout(function(){throw e})};var F=S.Deferred();function B(){E.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",B),C.removeEventListener("load",B),S.ready()}S.fn.ready=function(e){return F.then(e)["catch"](function(e){S.readyException(e)}),this},S.extend({isReady:!1,readyWait:1,ready:function(e){(!0===e?--S.readyWait:S.isReady)||(S.isReady=!0)!==e&&0<--S.readyWait||F.resolveWith(E,[S])}}),S.ready.then=F.then,"complete"===E.readyState||"loading"!==E.readyState&&!E.documentElement.doScroll?C.setTimeout(S.ready):(E.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",B),C.addEventListener("load",B));var $=function(e,t,n,r,i,o,a){var s=0,u=e.length,l=null==n;if("object"===w(n)){for(s in i=!0,n){$(e,t,s,n[s],!0,o,a)}}else{if(void 0!==r&&(i=!0,m(r)||(a=!0),l&&(a?(t.call(e,r),t=null):(l=t,t=function(e,t,n){return l.call(S(e),n)})),t)){for(;s<u;s++){t(e[s],n,a?r:r.call(e[s],s,t(e[s],n)))}}}return i?e:l?t.call(e):u?t(e[0],n):o},_=/^-ms-/,z=/-([a-z])/g;function U(e,t){return t.toUpperCase()}function X(e){return e.replace(_,"ms-").replace(z,U)}var V=function(e){return 1===e.nodeType||9===e.nodeType||!+e.nodeType};function G(){this.expando=S.expando+G.uid++}G.uid=1,G.prototype={cache:function(e){var t=e[this.expando];return t||(t={},V(e)&&(e.nodeType?e[this.expando]=t:Object.defineProperty(e,this.expando,{value:t,configurable:!0}))),t},set:function(e,t,n){var r,i=this.cache(e);if("string"==typeof t){i[X(t)]=n}else{for(r in t){i[X(r)]=t[r]}}return i},get:function(e,t){return void 0===t?this.cache(e):e[this.expando]&&e[this.expando][X(t)]},access:function(e,t,n){return void 0===t||t&&"string"==typeof t&&void 0===n?this.get(e,t):(this.set(e,t,n),void 0!==n?n:t)},remove:function(e,t){var n,r=e[this.expando];if(void 0!==r){if(void 0!==t){n=(t=Array.isArray(t)?t.map(X):(t=X(t)) in r?[t]:t.match(P)||[]).length;while(n--){delete r[t[n]]}}(void 0===t||S.isEmptyObject(r))&&(e.nodeType?e[this.expando]=void 0:delete e[this.expando])}},hasData:function(e){var t=e[this.expando];return void 0!==t&&!S.isEmptyObject(t)}};var Y=new G,Q=new G,J=/^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/,K=/[A-Z]/g;function Z(e,t,n){var r,i;if(void 0===n&&1===e.nodeType){if(r="data-"+t.replace(K,"-$&").toLowerCase(),"string"==typeof(n=e.getAttribute(r))){try{n="true"===(i=n)||"false"!==i&&("null"===i?null:i===+i+""?+i:J.test(i)?JSON.parse(i):i)}catch(e){}Q.set(e,t,n)}else{n=void 0}}return n}S.extend({hasData:function(e){return Q.hasData(e)||Y.hasData(e)},data:function(e,t,n){return Q.access(e,t,n)},removeData:function(e,t){Q.remove(e,t)},_data:function(e,t,n){return Y.access(e,t,n)},_removeData:function(e,t){Y.remove(e,t)}}),S.fn.extend({data:function(n,e){var t,r,i,o=this[0],a=o&&o.attributes;if(void 0===n){if(this.length&&(i=Q.get(o),1===o.nodeType&&!Y.get(o,"hasDataAttrs"))){t=a.length;while(t--){a[t]&&0===(r=a[t].name).indexOf("data-")&&(r=X(r.slice(5)),Z(o,r,i[r]))}Y.set(o,"hasDataAttrs",!0)}return i}return"object"==typeof n?this.each(function(){Q.set(this,n)}):$(this,function(e){var t;if(o&&void 0===e){return void 0!==(t=Q.get(o,n))?t:void 0!==(t=Z(o,n))?t:void 0}this.each(function(){Q.set(this,n,e)})},null,e,1<arguments.length,null,!0)},removeData:function(e){return this.each(function(){Q.remove(this,e)})}}),S.extend({queue:function(e,t,n){var r;if(e){return t=(t||"fx")+"queue",r=Y.get(e,t),n&&(!r||Array.isArray(n)?r=Y.access(e,t,S.makeArray(n)):r.push(n)),r||[]}},dequeue:function(e,t){t=t||"fx";var n=S.queue(e,t),r=n.length,i=n.shift(),o=S._queueHooks(e,t);"inprogress"===i&&(i=n.shift(),r--),i&&("fx"===t&&n.unshift("inprogress"),delete o.stop,i.call(e,function(){S.dequeue(e,t)},o)),!r&&o&&o.empty.fire()},_queueHooks:function(e,t){var n=t+"queueHooks";return Y.get(e,n)||Y.access(e,n,{empty:S.Callbacks("once memory").add(function(){Y.remove(e,[t+"queue",n])})})}}),S.fn.extend({queue:function(t,n){var e=2;return"string"!=typeof t&&(n=t,t="fx",e--),arguments.length<e?S.queue(this[0],t):void 0===n?this:this.each(function(){var e=S.queue(this,t,n);S._queueHooks(this,t),"fx"===t&&"inprogress"!==e[0]&&S.dequeue(this,t)})},dequeue:function(e){return this.each(function(){S.dequeue(this,e)})},clearQueue:function(e){return this.queue(e||"fx",[])},promise:function(e,t){var n,r=1,i=S.Deferred(),o=this,a=this.length,s=function(){--r||i.resolveWith(o,[o])};"string"!=typeof e&&(t=e,e=void 0),e=e||"fx";while(a--){(n=Y.get(o[a],e+"queueHooks"))&&n.empty&&(r++,n.empty.add(s))}return s(),i.promise(t)}});var ee=/[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/.source,te=new RegExp("^(?:([+-])=|)("+ee+")([a-z%]*)$","i"),ne=["Top","Right","Bottom","Left"],re=E.documentElement,ie=function(e){return S.contains(e.ownerDocument,e)},oe={composed:!0};re.getRootNode&&(ie=function(e){return S.contains(e.ownerDocument,e)||e.getRootNode(oe)===e.ownerDocument});var ae=function(e,t){return"none"===(e=t||e).style.display||""===e.style.display&&ie(e)&&"none"===S.css(e,"display")};function se(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a=20,s=r?function(){return r.cur()}:function(){return S.css(e,t,"")},u=s(),l=n&&n[3]||(S.cssNumber[t]?"":"px"),c=e.nodeType&&(S.cssNumber[t]||"px"!==l&&+u)&&te.exec(S.css(e,t));if(c&&c[3]!==l){u/=2,l=l||c[3],c=+u||1;while(a--){S.style(e,t,c+l),(1-o)*(1-(o=s()/u||0.5))<=0&&(a=0),c/=o}c*=2,S.style(e,t,c+l),n=n||[]}return n&&(c=+c||+u||0,i=n[1]?c+(n[1]+1)*n[2]:+n[2],r&&(r.unit=l,r.start=c,r.end=i)),i}var ue={};function le(e,t){for(var n,r,i,o,a,s,u,l=[],c=0,f=e.length;c<f;c++){(r=e[c]).style&&(n=r.style.display,t?("none"===n&&(l[c]=Y.get(r,"display")||null,l[c]||(r.style.display="")),""===r.style.display&&ae(r)&&(l[c]=(u=a=o=void 0,a=(i=r).ownerDocument,s=i.nodeName,(u=ue[s])||(o=a.body.appendChild(a.createElement(s)),u=S.css(o,"display"),o.parentNode.removeChild(o),"none"===u&&(u="block"),ue[s]=u)))):"none"!==n&&(l[c]="none",Y.set(r,"display",n)))}for(c=0;c<f;c++){null!=l[c]&&(e[c].style.display=l[c])}return e}S.fn.extend({show:function(){return le(this,!0)},hide:function(){return le(this)},toggle:function(e){return"boolean"==typeof e?e?this.show():this.hide():this.each(function(){ae(this)?S(this).show():S(this).hide()})}});var ce,fe,pe=/^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i,de=/<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)/i,he=/^$|^module$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i;ce=E.createDocumentFragment().appendChild(E.createElement("div")),(fe=E.createElement("input")).setAttribute("type","radio"),fe.setAttribute("checked","checked"),fe.setAttribute("name","t"),ce.appendChild(fe),y.checkClone=ce.cloneNode(!0).cloneNode(!0).lastChild.checked,ce.innerHTML="<textarea>x</textarea>",y.noCloneChecked=!!ce.cloneNode(!0).lastChild.defaultValue,ce.innerHTML="<option></option>",y.option=!!ce.lastChild;var ge={thead:[1,"<table>","</table>"],col:[2,"<table><colgroup>","</colgroup></table>"],tr:[2,"<table><tbody>","</tbody></table>"],td:[3,"<table><tbody><tr>","</tr></tbody></table>"],_default:[0,"",""]};function ve(e,t){var n;return n="undefined"!=typeof e.getElementsByTagName?e.getElementsByTagName(t||"*"):"undefined"!=typeof e.querySelectorAll?e.querySelectorAll(t||"*"):[],void 0===t||t&&A(e,t)?S.merge([e],n):n}function ye(e,t){for(var n=0,r=e.length;n<r;n++){Y.set(e[n],"globalEval",!t||Y.get(t[n],"globalEval"))}}ge.tbody=ge.tfoot=ge.colgroup=ge.caption=ge.thead,ge.th=ge.td,y.option||(ge.optgroup=ge.option=[1,"<select multiple='multiple'>","</select>"]);var me=/<|&#?\w+;/;function xe(e,t,n,r,i){for(var o,a,s,u,l,c,f=t.createDocumentFragment(),p=[],d=0,h=e.length;d<h;d++){if((o=e[d])||0===o){if("object"===w(o)){S.merge(p,o.nodeType?[o]:o)}else{if(me.test(o)){a=a||f.appendChild(t.createElement("div")),s=(de.exec(o)||["",""])[1].toLowerCase(),u=ge[s]||ge._default,a.innerHTML=u[1]+S.htmlPrefilter(o)+u[2],c=u[0];while(c--){a=a.lastChild}S.merge(p,a.childNodes),(a=f.firstChild).textContent=""}else{p.push(t.createTextNode(o))}}}}f.textContent="",d=0;while(o=p[d++]){if(r&&-1<S.inArray(o,r)){i&&i.push(o)}else{if(l=ie(o),a=ve(f.appendChild(o),"script"),l&&ye(a),n){c=0;while(o=a[c++]){he.test(o.type||"")&&n.push(o)}}}}return f}var be=/^key/,we=/^(?:mouse|pointer|contextmenu|drag|drop)|click/,Te=/^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/;function Ce(){return !0}function Ee(){return !1}function Se(e,t){return e===function(){try{return E.activeElement}catch(e){}}()==("focus"===t)}function ke(e,t,n,r,i,o){var a,s;if("object"==typeof t){for(s in "string"!=typeof n&&(r=r||n,n=void 0),t){ke(e,s,n,r,t[s],o)}return e}if(null==r&&null==i?(i=n,r=n=void 0):null==i&&("string"==typeof n?(i=r,r=void 0):(i=r,r=n,n=void 0)),!1===i){i=Ee}else{if(!i){return e}}return 1===o&&(a=i,(i=function(e){return S().off(e),a.apply(this,arguments)}).guid=a.guid||(a.guid=S.guid++)),e.each(function(){S.event.add(this,t,i,r,n)})}function Ae(e,i,o){o?(Y.set(e,i,!1),S.event.add(e,i,{namespace:!1,handler:function(e){var t,n,r=Y.get(this,i);if(1&e.isTrigger&&this[i]){if(r.length){(S.event.special[i]||{}).delegateType&&e.stopPropagation()}else{if(r=s.call(arguments),Y.set(this,i,r),t=o(this,i),this[i](),r!==(n=Y.get(this,i))||t?Y.set(this,i,!1):n={},r!==n){return e.stopImmediatePropagation(),e.preventDefault(),n.value}}}else{r.length&&(Y.set(this,i,{value:S.event.trigger(S.extend(r[0],S.Event.prototype),r.slice(1),this)}),e.stopImmediatePropagation())}}})):void 0===Y.get(e,i)&&S.event.add(e,i,Ce)}S.event={global:{},add:function(t,e,n,r,i){var o,a,s,u,l,c,f,p,d,h,g,v=Y.get(t);if(V(t)){n.handler&&(n=(o=n).handler,i=o.selector),i&&S.find.matchesSelector(re,i),n.guid||(n.guid=S.guid++),(u=v.events)||(u=v.events=Object.create(null)),(a=v.handle)||(a=v.handle=function(e){return"undefined"!=typeof S&&S.event.triggered!==e.type?S.event.dispatch.apply(t,arguments):void 0}),l=(e=(e||"").match(P)||[""]).length;while(l--){d=g=(s=Te.exec(e[l])||[])[1],h=(s[2]||"").split(".").sort(),d&&(f=S.event.special[d]||{},d=(i?f.delegateType:f.bindType)||d,f=S.event.special[d]||{},c=S.extend({type:d,origType:g,data:r,handler:n,guid:n.guid,selector:i,needsContext:i&&S.expr.match.needsContext.test(i),namespace:h.join(".")},o),(p=u[d])||((p=u[d]=[]).delegateCount=0,f.setup&&!1!==f.setup.call(t,r,h,a)||t.addEventListener&&t.addEventListener(d,a)),f.add&&(f.add.call(t,c),c.handler.guid||(c.handler.guid=n.guid)),i?p.splice(p.delegateCount++,0,c):p.push(c),S.event.global[d]=!0)}}},remove:function(e,t,n,r,i){var o,a,s,u,l,c,f,p,d,h,g,v=Y.hasData(e)&&Y.get(e);if(v&&(u=v.events)){l=(t=(t||"").match(P)||[""]).length;while(l--){if(d=g=(s=Te.exec(t[l])||[])[1],h=(s[2]||"").split(".").sort(),d){f=S.event.special[d]||{},p=u[d=(r?f.delegateType:f.bindType)||d]||[],s=s[2]&&new RegExp("(^|\\.)"+h.join("\\.(?:.*\\.|)")+"(\\.|$)"),a=o=p.length;while(o--){c=p[o],!i&&g!==c.origType||n&&n.guid!==c.guid||s&&!s.test(c.namespace)||r&&r!==c.selector&&("**"!==r||!c.selector)||(p.splice(o,1),c.selector&&p.delegateCount--,f.remove&&f.remove.call(e,c))}a&&!p.length&&(f.teardown&&!1!==f.teardown.call(e,h,v.handle)||S.removeEvent(e,d,v.handle),delete u[d])}else{for(d in u){S.event.remove(e,d+t[l],n,r,!0)}}}S.isEmptyObject(u)&&Y.remove(e,"handle events")}},dispatch:function(e){var t,n,r,i,o,a,s=new Array(arguments.length),u=S.event.fix(e),l=(Y.get(this,"events")||Object.create(null))[u.type]||[],c=S.event.special[u.type]||{};for(s[0]=u,t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){s[t]=arguments[t]}if(u.delegateTarget=this,!c.preDispatch||!1!==c.preDispatch.call(this,u)){a=S.event.handlers.call(this,u,l),t=0;while((i=a[t++])&&!u.isPropagationStopped()){u.currentTarget=i.elem,n=0;while((o=i.handlers[n++])&&!u.isImmediatePropagationStopped()){u.rnamespace&&!1!==o.namespace&&!u.rnamespace.test(o.namespace)||(u.handleObj=o,u.data=o.data,void 0!==(r=((S.event.special[o.origType]||{}).handle||o.handler).apply(i.elem,s))&&!1===(u.result=r)&&(u.preventDefault(),u.stopPropagation()))}}return c.postDispatch&&c.postDispatch.call(this,u),u.result}},handlers:function(e,t){var n,r,i,o,a,s=[],u=t.delegateCount,l=e.target;if(u&&l.nodeType&&!("click"===e.type&&1<=e.button)){for(;l!==this;l=l.parentNode||this){if(1===l.nodeType&&("click"!==e.type||!0!==l.disabled)){for(o=[],a={},n=0;n<u;n++){void 0===a[i=(r=t[n]).selector+" "]&&(a[i]=r.needsContext?-1<S(i,this).index(l):S.find(i,this,null,[l]).length),a[i]&&o.push(r)}o.length&&s.push({elem:l,handlers:o})}}}return l=this,u<t.length&&s.push({elem:l,handlers:t.slice(u)}),s},addProp:function(t,e){Object.defineProperty(S.Event.prototype,t,{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,get:m(e)?function(){if(this.originalEvent){return e(this.originalEvent)}}:function(){if(this.originalEvent){return this.originalEvent[t]}},set:function(e){Object.defineProperty(this,t,{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:e})}})},fix:function(e){return e[S.expando]?e:new S.Event(e)},special:{load:{noBubble:!0},click:{setup:function(e){var t=this||e;return pe.test(t.type)&&t.click&&A(t,"input")&&Ae(t,"click",Ce),!1},trigger:function(e){var t=this||e;return pe.test(t.type)&&t.click&&A(t,"input")&&Ae(t,"click"),!0},_default:function(e){var t=e.target;return pe.test(t.type)&&t.click&&A(t,"input")&&Y.get(t,"click")||A(t,"a")}},beforeunload:{postDispatch:function(e){void 0!==e.result&&e.originalEvent&&(e.originalEvent.returnValue=e.result)}}}},S.removeEvent=function(e,t,n){e.removeEventListener&&e.removeEventListener(t,n)},S.Event=function(e,t){if(!(this instanceof S.Event)){return new S.Event(e,t)}e&&e.type?(this.originalEvent=e,this.type=e.type,this.isDefaultPrevented=e.defaultPrevented||void 0===e.defaultPrevented&&!1===e.returnValue?Ce:Ee,this.target=e.target&&3===e.target.nodeType?e.target.parentNode:e.target,this.currentTarget=e.currentTarget,this.relatedTarget=e.relatedTarget):this.type=e,t&&S.extend(this,t),this.timeStamp=e&&e.timeStamp||Date.now(),this[S.expando]=!0},S.Event.prototype={constructor:S.Event,isDefaultPrevented:Ee,isPropagationStopped:Ee,isImmediatePropagationStopped:Ee,isSimulated:!1,preventDefault:function(){var e=this.originalEvent;this.isDefaultPrevented=Ce,e&&!this.isSimulated&&e.preventDefault()},stopPropagation:function(){var e=this.originalEvent;this.isPropagationStopped=Ce,e&&!this.isSimulated&&e.stopPropagation()},stopImmediatePropagation:function(){var e=this.originalEvent;this.isImmediatePropagationStopped=Ce,e&&!this.isSimulated&&e.stopImmediatePropagation(),this.stopPropagation()}},S.each({altKey:!0,bubbles:!0,cancelable:!0,changedTouches:!0,ctrlKey:!0,detail:!0,eventPhase:!0,metaKey:!0,pageX:!0,pageY:!0,shiftKey:!0,view:!0,"char":!0,code:!0,charCode:!0,key:!0,keyCode:!0,button:!0,buttons:!0,clientX:!0,clientY:!0,offsetX:!0,offsetY:!0,pointerId:!0,pointerType:!0,screenX:!0,screenY:!0,targetTouches:!0,toElement:!0,touches:!0,which:function(e){var t=e.button;return null==e.which&&be.test(e.type)?null!=e.charCode?e.charCode:e.keyCode:!e.which&&void 0!==t&&we.test(e.type)?1&t?1:2&t?3:4&t?2:0:e.which}},S.event.addProp),S.each({focus:"focusin",blur:"focusout"},function(e,t){S.event.special[e]={setup:function(){return Ae(this,e,Se),!1},trigger:function(){return Ae(this,e),!0},delegateType:t}}),S.each({mouseenter:"mouseover",mouseleave:"mouseout",pointerenter:"pointerover",pointerleave:"pointerout"},function(e,i){S.event.special[e]={delegateType:i,bindType:i,handle:function(e){var t,n=e.relatedTarget,r=e.handleObj;return n&&(n===this||S.contains(this,n))||(e.type=r.origType,t=r.handler.apply(this,arguments),e.type=i),t}}}),S.fn.extend({on:function(e,t,n,r){return ke(this,e,t,n,r)},one:function(e,t,n,r){return ke(this,e,t,n,r,1)},off:function(e,t,n){var r,i;if(e&&e.preventDefault&&e.handleObj){return r=e.handleObj,S(e.delegateTarget).off(r.namespace?r.origType+"."+r.namespace:r.origType,r.selector,r.handler),this}if("object"==typeof e){for(i in e){this.off(i,t,e[i])}return this}return !1!==t&&"function"!=typeof t||(n=t,t=void 0),!1===n&&(n=Ee),this.each(function(){S.event.remove(this,e,n,t)})}});var Ne=/<script|<style|<link/i,De=/checked\s*(?:[^=]|=\s*.checked.)/i,je=/^\s*<!(?:\[CDATA\[|--)|(?:\]\]|--)>\s*$/g;function qe(e,t){return A(e,"table")&&A(11!==t.nodeType?t:t.firstChild,"tr")&&S(e).children("tbody")[0]||e}function Le(e){return e.type=(null!==e.getAttribute("type"))+"/"+e.type,e}function He(e){return"true/"===(e.type||"").slice(0,5)?e.type=e.type.slice(5):e.removeAttribute("type"),e}function Oe(e,t){var n,r,i,o,a,s;if(1===t.nodeType){if(Y.hasData(e)&&(s=Y.get(e).events)){for(i in Y.remove(t,"handle events"),s){for(n=0,r=s[i].length;n<r;n++){S.event.add(t,i,s[i][n])}}}Q.hasData(e)&&(o=Q.access(e),a=S.extend({},o),Q.set(t,a))}}function Pe(n,r,i,o){r=g(r);var e,t,a,s,u,l,c=0,f=n.length,p=f-1,d=r[0],h=m(d);if(h||1<f&&"string"==typeof d&&!y.checkClone&&De.test(d)){return n.each(function(e){var t=n.eq(e);h&&(r[0]=d.call(this,e,t.html())),Pe(t,r,i,o)})}if(f&&(t=(e=xe(r,n[0].ownerDocument,!1,n,o)).firstChild,1===e.childNodes.length&&(e=t),t||o)){for(s=(a=S.map(ve(e,"script"),Le)).length;c<f;c++){u=e,c!==p&&(u=S.clone(u,!0,!0),s&&S.merge(a,ve(u,"script"))),i.call(n[c],u,c)}if(s){for(l=a[a.length-1].ownerDocument,S.map(a,He),c=0;c<s;c++){u=a[c],he.test(u.type||"")&&!Y.access(u,"globalEval")&&S.contains(l,u)&&(u.src&&"module"!==(u.type||"").toLowerCase()?S._evalUrl&&!u.noModule&&S._evalUrl(u.src,{nonce:u.nonce||u.getAttribute("nonce")},l):b(u.textContent.replace(je,""),u,l))}}}return n}function Re(e,t,n){for(var r,i=t?S.filter(t,e):e,o=0;null!=(r=i[o]);o++){n||1!==r.nodeType||S.cleanData(ve(r)),r.parentNode&&(n&&ie(r)&&ye(ve(r,"script")),r.parentNode.removeChild(r))}return e}S.extend({htmlPrefilter:function(e){return e},clone:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a,s,u,l,c=e.cloneNode(!0),f=ie(e);if(!(y.noCloneChecked||1!==e.nodeType&&11!==e.nodeType||S.isXMLDoc(e))){for(a=ve(c),r=0,i=(o=ve(e)).length;r<i;r++){s=o[r],u=a[r],void 0,"input"===(l=u.nodeName.toLowerCase())&&pe.test(s.type)?u.checked=s.checked:"input"!==l&&"textarea"!==l||(u.defaultValue=s.defaultValue)}}if(t){if(n){for(o=o||ve(e),a=a||ve(c),r=0,i=o.length;r<i;r++){Oe(o[r],a[r])}}else{Oe(e,c)}}return 0<(a=ve(c,"script")).length&&ye(a,!f&&ve(e,"script")),c},cleanData:function(e){for(var t,n,r,i=S.event.special,o=0;void 0!==(n=e[o]);o++){if(V(n)){if(t=n[Y.expando]){if(t.events){for(r in t.events){i[r]?S.event.remove(n,r):S.removeEvent(n,r,t.handle)}}n[Y.expando]=void 0}n[Q.expando]&&(n[Q.expando]=void 0)}}}}),S.fn.extend({detach:function(e){return Re(this,e,!0)},remove:function(e){return Re(this,e)},text:function(e){return $(this,function(e){return void 0===e?S.text(this):this.empty().each(function(){1!==this.nodeType&&11!==this.nodeType&&9!==this.nodeType||(this.textContent=e)})},null,e,arguments.length)},append:function(){return Pe(this,arguments,function(e){1!==this.nodeType&&11!==this.nodeType&&9!==this.nodeType||qe(this,e).appendChild(e)})},prepend:function(){return Pe(this,arguments,function(e){if(1===this.nodeType||11===this.nodeType||9===this.nodeType){var t=qe(this,e);t.insertBefore(e,t.firstChild)}})},before:function(){return Pe(this,arguments,function(e){this.parentNode&&this.parentNode.insertBefore(e,this)})},after:function(){return Pe(this,arguments,function(e){this.parentNode&&this.parentNode.insertBefore(e,this.nextSibling)})},empty:function(){for(var e,t=0;null!=(e=this[t]);t++){1===e.nodeType&&(S.cleanData(ve(e,!1)),e.textContent="")}return this},clone:function(e,t){return e=null!=e&&e,t=null==t?e:t,this.map(function(){return S.clone(this,e,t)})},html:function(e){return $(this,function(e){var t=this[0]||{},n=0,r=this.length;if(void 0===e&&1===t.nodeType){return t.innerHTML}if("string"==typeof e&&!Ne.test(e)&&!ge[(de.exec(e)||["",""])[1].toLowerCase()]){e=S.htmlPrefilter(e);try{for(;n<r;n++){1===(t=this[n]||{}).nodeType&&(S.cleanData(ve(t,!1)),t.innerHTML=e)}t=0}catch(e){}}t&&this.empty().append(e)},null,e,arguments.length)},replaceWith:function(){var n=[];return Pe(this,arguments,function(e){var t=this.parentNode;S.inArray(this,n)<0&&(S.cleanData(ve(this)),t&&t.replaceChild(e,this))},n)}}),S.each({appendTo:"append",prependTo:"prepend",insertBefore:"before",insertAfter:"after",replaceAll:"replaceWith"},function(e,a){S.fn[e]=function(e){for(var t,n=[],r=S(e),i=r.length-1,o=0;o<=i;o++){t=o===i?this:this.clone(!0),S(r[o])[a](t),u.apply(n,t.get())}return this.pushStack(n)}});var Me=new RegExp("^("+ee+")(?!px)[a-z%]+$","i"),Ie=function(e){var t=e.ownerDocument.defaultView;return t&&t.opener||(t=C),t.getComputedStyle(e)},We=function(e,t,n){var r,i,o={};for(i in t){o[i]=e.style[i],e.style[i]=t[i]}for(i in r=n.call(e),t){e.style[i]=o[i]}return r},Fe=new RegExp(ne.join("|"),"i");function Be(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a,s=e.style;return(n=n||Ie(e))&&(""!==(a=n.getPropertyValue(t)||n[t])||ie(e)||(a=S.style(e,t)),!y.pixelBoxStyles()&&Me.test(a)&&Fe.test(t)&&(r=s.width,i=s.minWidth,o=s.maxWidth,s.minWidth=s.maxWidth=s.width=a,a=n.width,s.width=r,s.minWidth=i,s.maxWidth=o)),void 0!==a?a+"":a}function $e(e,t){return{get:function(){if(!e()){return(this.get=t).apply(this,arguments)}delete this.get}}}!function(){function e(){if(l){u.style.cssText="position:absolute;left:-11111px;width:60px;margin-top:1px;padding:0;border:0",l.style.cssText="position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:scroll;margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;width:60%;top:1%",re.appendChild(u).appendChild(l);var e=C.getComputedStyle(l);n="1%"!==e.top,s=12===t(e.marginLeft),l.style.right="60%",o=36===t(e.right),r=36===t(e.width),l.style.position="absolute",i=12===t(l.offsetWidth/3),re.removeChild(u),l=null}}function t(e){return Math.round(parseFloat(e))}var n,r,i,o,a,s,u=E.createElement("div"),l=E.createElement("div");l.style&&(l.style.backgroundClip="content-box",l.cloneNode(!0).style.backgroundClip="",y.clearCloneStyle="content-box"===l.style.backgroundClip,S.extend(y,{boxSizingReliable:function(){return e(),r},pixelBoxStyles:function(){return e(),o},pixelPosition:function(){return e(),n},reliableMarginLeft:function(){return e(),s},scrollboxSize:function(){return e(),i},reliableTrDimensions:function(){var e,t,n,r;return null==a&&(e=E.createElement("table"),t=E.createElement("tr"),n=E.createElement("div"),e.style.cssText="position:absolute;left:-11111px",t.style.height="1px",n.style.height="9px",re.appendChild(e).appendChild(t).appendChild(n),r=C.getComputedStyle(t),a=3<parseInt(r.height),re.removeChild(e)),a}}))}();var _e=["Webkit","Moz","ms"],ze=E.createElement("div").style,Ue={};function Xe(e){var t=S.cssProps[e]||Ue[e];return t||(e in ze?e:Ue[e]=function(e){var t=e[0].toUpperCase()+e.slice(1),n=_e.length;while(n--){if((e=_e[n]+t) in ze){return e}}}(e)||e)}var Ve=/^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/,Ge=/^--/,Ye={position:"absolute",visibility:"hidden",display:"block"},Qe={letterSpacing:"0",fontWeight:"400"};function Je(e,t,n){var r=te.exec(t);return r?Math.max(0,r[2]-(n||0))+(r[3]||"px"):t}function Ke(e,t,n,r,i,o){var a="width"===t?1:0,s=0,u=0;if(n===(r?"border":"content")){return 0}for(;a<4;a+=2){"margin"===n&&(u+=S.css(e,n+ne[a],!0,i)),r?("content"===n&&(u-=S.css(e,"padding"+ne[a],!0,i)),"margin"!==n&&(u-=S.css(e,"border"+ne[a]+"Width",!0,i))):(u+=S.css(e,"padding"+ne[a],!0,i),"padding"!==n?u+=S.css(e,"border"+ne[a]+"Width",!0,i):s+=S.css(e,"border"+ne[a]+"Width",!0,i))}return !r&&0<=o&&(u+=Math.max(0,Math.ceil(e["offset"+t[0].toUpperCase()+t.slice(1)]-o-u-s-0.5))||0),u}function Ze(e,t,n){var r=Ie(e),i=(!y.boxSizingReliable()||n)&&"border-box"===S.css(e,"boxSizing",!1,r),o=i,a=Be(e,t,r),s="offset"+t[0].toUpperCase()+t.slice(1);if(Me.test(a)){if(!n){return a}a="auto"}return(!y.boxSizingReliable()&&i||!y.reliableTrDimensions()&&A(e,"tr")||"auto"===a||!parseFloat(a)&&"inline"===S.css(e,"display",!1,r))&&e.getClientRects().length&&(i="border-box"===S.css(e,"boxSizing",!1,r),(o=s in e)&&(a=e[s])),(a=parseFloat(a)||0)+Ke(e,t,n||(i?"border":"content"),o,r,a)+"px"}function et(e,t,n,r,i){return new et.prototype.init(e,t,n,r,i)}S.extend({cssHooks:{opacity:{get:function(e,t){if(t){var n=Be(e,"opacity");return""===n?"1":n}}}},cssNumber:{animationIterationCount:!0,columnCount:!0,fillOpacity:!0,flexGrow:!0,flexShrink:!0,fontWeight:!0,gridArea:!0,gridColumn:!0,gridColumnEnd:!0,gridColumnStart:!0,gridRow:!0,gridRowEnd:!0,gridRowStart:!0,lineHeight:!0,opacity:!0,order:!0,orphans:!0,widows:!0,zIndex:!0,zoom:!0},cssProps:{},style:function(e,t,n,r){if(e&&3!==e.nodeType&&8!==e.nodeType&&e.style){var i,o,a,s=X(t),u=Ge.test(t),l=e.style;if(u||(t=Xe(s)),a=S.cssHooks[t]||S.cssHooks[s],void 0===n){return a&&"get" in a&&void 0!==(i=a.get(e,!1,r))?i:l[t]}"string"===(o=typeof n)&&(i=te.exec(n))&&i[1]&&(n=se(e,t,i),o="number"),null!=n&&n==n&&("number"!==o||u||(n+=i&&i[3]||(S.cssNumber[s]?"":"px")),y.clearCloneStyle||""!==n||0!==t.indexOf("background")||(l[t]="inherit"),a&&"set" in a&&void 0===(n=a.set(e,n,r))||(u?l.setProperty(t,n):l[t]=n))}},css:function(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a,s=X(t);return Ge.test(t)||(t=Xe(s)),(a=S.cssHooks[t]||S.cssHooks[s])&&"get" in a&&(i=a.get(e,!0,n)),void 0===i&&(i=Be(e,t,r)),"normal"===i&&t in Qe&&(i=Qe[t]),""===n||n?(o=parseFloat(i),!0===n||isFinite(o)?o||0:i):i}}),S.each(["height","width"],function(e,u){S.cssHooks[u]={get:function(e,t,n){if(t){return !Ve.test(S.css(e,"display"))||e.getClientRects().length&&e.getBoundingClientRect().width?Ze(e,u,n):We(e,Ye,function(){return Ze(e,u,n)})}},set:function(e,t,n){var r,i=Ie(e),o=!y.scrollboxSize()&&"absolute"===i.position,a=(o||n)&&"border-box"===S.css(e,"boxSizing",!1,i),s=n?Ke(e,u,n,a,i):0;return a&&o&&(s-=Math.ceil(e["offset"+u[0].toUpperCase()+u.slice(1)]-parseFloat(i[u])-Ke(e,u,"border",!1,i)-0.5)),s&&(r=te.exec(t))&&"px"!==(r[3]||"px")&&(e.style[u]=t,t=S.css(e,u)),Je(0,t,s)}}}),S.cssHooks.marginLeft=$e(y.reliableMarginLeft,function(e,t){if(t){return(parseFloat(Be(e,"marginLeft"))||e.getBoundingClientRect().left-We(e,{marginLeft:0},function(){return e.getBoundingClientRect().left}))+"px"}}),S.each({margin:"",padding:"",border:"Width"},function(i,o){S.cssHooks[i+o]={expand:function(e){for(var t=0,n={},r="string"==typeof e?e.split(" "):[e];t<4;t++){n[i+ne[t]+o]=r[t]||r[t-2]||r[0]}return n}},"margin"!==i&&(S.cssHooks[i+o].set=Je)}),S.fn.extend({css:function(e,t){return $(this,function(e,t,n){var r,i,o={},a=0;if(Array.isArray(t)){for(r=Ie(e),i=t.length;a<i;a++){o[t[a]]=S.css(e,t[a],!1,r)}return o}return void 0!==n?S.style(e,t,n):S.css(e,t)},e,t,1<arguments.length)}}),((S.Tween=et).prototype={constructor:et,init:function(e,t,n,r,i,o){this.elem=e,this.prop=n,this.easing=i||S.easing._default,this.options=t,this.start=this.now=this.cur(),this.end=r,this.unit=o||(S.cssNumber[n]?"":"px")},cur:function(){var e=et.propHooks[this.prop];return e&&e.get?e.get(this):et.propHooks._default.get(this)},run:function(e){var t,n=et.propHooks[this.prop];return this.options.duration?this.pos=t=S.easing[this.easing](e,this.options.duration*e,0,1,this.options.duration):this.pos=t=e,this.now=(this.end-this.start)*t+this.start,this.options.step&&this.options.step.call(this.elem,this.now,this),n&&n.set?n.set(this):et.propHooks._default.set(this),this}}).init.prototype=et.prototype,(et.propHooks={_default:{get:function(e){var t;return 1!==e.elem.nodeType||null!=e.elem[e.prop]&&null==e.elem.style[e.prop]?e.elem[e.prop]:(t=S.css(e.elem,e.prop,""))&&"auto"!==t?t:0},set:function(e){S.fx.step[e.prop]?S.fx.step[e.prop](e):1!==e.elem.nodeType||!S.cssHooks[e.prop]&&null==e.elem.style[Xe(e.prop)]?e.elem[e.prop]=e.now:S.style(e.elem,e.prop,e.now+e.unit)}}}).scrollTop=et.propHooks.scrollLeft={set:function(e){e.elem.nodeType&&e.elem.parentNode&&(e.elem[e.prop]=e.now)}},S.easing={linear:function(e){return e},swing:function(e){return 0.5-Math.cos(e*Math.PI)/2},_default:"swing"},S.fx=et.prototype.init,S.fx.step={};var tt,nt,rt,it,ot=/^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/,at=/queueHooks$/;function st(){nt&&(!1===E.hidden&&C.requestAnimationFrame?C.requestAnimationFrame(st):C.setTimeout(st,S.fx.interval),S.fx.tick())}function ut(){return C.setTimeout(function(){tt=void 0}),tt=Date.now()}function lt(e,t){var n,r=0,i={height:e};for(t=t?1:0;r<4;r+=2-t){i["margin"+(n=ne[r])]=i["padding"+n]=e}return t&&(i.opacity=i.width=e),i}function ct(e,t,n){for(var r,i=(ft.tweeners[t]||[]).concat(ft.tweeners["*"]),o=0,a=i.length;o<a;o++){if(r=i[o].call(n,t,e)){return r}}}function ft(o,e,t){var n,a,r=0,i=ft.prefilters.length,s=S.Deferred().always(function(){delete u.elem}),u=function(){if(a){return !1}for(var e=tt||ut(),t=Math.max(0,l.startTime+l.duration-e),n=1-(t/l.duration||0),r=0,i=l.tweens.length;r<i;r++){l.tweens[r].run(n)}return s.notifyWith(o,[l,n,t]),n<1&&i?t:(i||s.notifyWith(o,[l,1,0]),s.resolveWith(o,[l]),!1)},l=s.promise({elem:o,props:S.extend({},e),opts:S.extend(!0,{specialEasing:{},easing:S.easing._default},t),originalProperties:e,originalOptions:t,startTime:tt||ut(),duration:t.duration,tweens:[],createTween:function(e,t){var n=S.Tween(o,l.opts,e,t,l.opts.specialEasing[e]||l.opts.easing);return l.tweens.push(n),n},stop:function(e){var t=0,n=e?l.tweens.length:0;if(a){return this}for(a=!0;t<n;t++){l.tweens[t].run(1)}return e?(s.notifyWith(o,[l,1,0]),s.resolveWith(o,[l,e])):s.rejectWith(o,[l,e]),this}}),c=l.props;for(!function(e,t){var n,r,i,o,a;for(n in e){if(i=t[r=X(n)],o=e[n],Array.isArray(o)&&(i=o[1],o=e[n]=o[0]),n!==r&&(e[r]=o,delete e[n]),(a=S.cssHooks[r])&&"expand" in a){for(n in o=a.expand(o),delete e[r],o){n in e||(e[n]=o[n],t[n]=i)}}else{t[r]=i}}}(c,l.opts.specialEasing);r<i;r++){if(n=ft.prefilters[r].call(l,o,c,l.opts)){return m(n.stop)&&(S._queueHooks(l.elem,l.opts.queue).stop=n.stop.bind(n)),n}}return S.map(c,ct,l),m(l.opts.start)&&l.opts.start.call(o,l),l.progress(l.opts.progress).done(l.opts.done,l.opts.complete).fail(l.opts.fail).always(l.opts.always),S.fx.timer(S.extend(u,{elem:o,anim:l,queue:l.opts.queue})),l}S.Animation=S.extend(ft,{tweeners:{"*":[function(e,t){var n=this.createTween(e,t);return se(n.elem,e,te.exec(t),n),n}]},tweener:function(e,t){m(e)?(t=e,e=["*"]):e=e.match(P);for(var n,r=0,i=e.length;r<i;r++){n=e[r],ft.tweeners[n]=ft.tweeners[n]||[],ft.tweeners[n].unshift(t)}},prefilters:[function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a,s,u,l,c,f="width" in t||"height" in t,p=this,d={},h=e.style,g=e.nodeType&&ae(e),v=Y.get(e,"fxshow");for(r in n.queue||(null==(a=S._queueHooks(e,"fx")).unqueued&&(a.unqueued=0,s=a.empty.fire,a.empty.fire=function(){a.unqueued||s()}),a.unqueued++,p.always(function(){p.always(function(){a.unqueued--,S.queue(e,"fx").length||a.empty.fire()})})),t){if(i=t[r],ot.test(i)){if(delete t[r],o=o||"toggle"===i,i===(g?"hide":"show")){if("show"!==i||!v||void 0===v[r]){continue}g=!0}d[r]=v&&v[r]||S.style(e,r)}}if((u=!S.isEmptyObject(t))||!S.isEmptyObject(d)){for(r in f&&1===e.nodeType&&(n.overflow=[h.overflow,h.overflowX,h.overflowY],null==(l=v&&v.display)&&(l=Y.get(e,"display")),"none"===(c=S.css(e,"display"))&&(l?c=l:(le([e],!0),l=e.style.display||l,c=S.css(e,"display"),le([e]))),("inline"===c||"inline-block"===c&&null!=l)&&"none"===S.css(e,"float")&&(u||(p.done(function(){h.display=l}),null==l&&(c=h.display,l="none"===c?"":c)),h.display="inline-block")),n.overflow&&(h.overflow="hidden",p.always(function(){h.overflow=n.overflow[0],h.overflowX=n.overflow[1],h.overflowY=n.overflow[2]})),u=!1,d){u||(v?"hidden" in v&&(g=v.hidden):v=Y.access(e,"fxshow",{display:l}),o&&(v.hidden=!g),g&&le([e],!0),p.done(function(){for(r in g||le([e]),Y.remove(e,"fxshow"),d){S.style(e,r,d[r])}})),u=ct(g?v[r]:0,r,p),r in v||(v[r]=u.start,g&&(u.end=u.start,u.start=0))}}}],prefilter:function(e,t){t?ft.prefilters.unshift(e):ft.prefilters.push(e)}}),S.speed=function(e,t,n){var r=e&&"object"==typeof e?S.extend({},e):{complete:n||!n&&t||m(e)&&e,duration:e,easing:n&&t||t&&!m(t)&&t};return S.fx.off?r.duration=0:"number"!=typeof r.duration&&(r.duration in S.fx.speeds?r.duration=S.fx.speeds[r.duration]:r.duration=S.fx.speeds._default),null!=r.queue&&!0!==r.queue||(r.queue="fx"),r.old=r.complete,r.complete=function(){m(r.old)&&r.old.call(this),r.queue&&S.dequeue(this,r.queue)},r},S.fn.extend({fadeTo:function(e,t,n,r){return this.filter(ae).css("opacity",0).show().end().animate({opacity:t},e,n,r)},animate:function(t,e,n,r){var i=S.isEmptyObject(t),o=S.speed(e,n,r),a=function(){var e=ft(this,S.extend({},t),o);(i||Y.get(this,"finish"))&&e.stop(!0)};return a.finish=a,i||!1===o.queue?this.each(a):this.queue(o.queue,a)},stop:function(i,e,o){var a=function(e){var t=e.stop;delete e.stop,t(o)};return"string"!=typeof i&&(o=e,e=i,i=void 0),e&&this.queue(i||"fx",[]),this.each(function(){var e=!0,t=null!=i&&i+"queueHooks",n=S.timers,r=Y.get(this);if(t){r[t]&&r[t].stop&&a(r[t])}else{for(t in r){r[t]&&r[t].stop&&at.test(t)&&a(r[t])}}for(t=n.length;t--;){n[t].elem!==this||null!=i&&n[t].queue!==i||(n[t].anim.stop(o),e=!1,n.splice(t,1))}!e&&o||S.dequeue(this,i)})},finish:function(a){return !1!==a&&(a=a||"fx"),this.each(function(){var e,t=Y.get(this),n=t[a+"queue"],r=t[a+"queueHooks"],i=S.timers,o=n?n.length:0;for(t.finish=!0,S.queue(this,a,[]),r&&r.stop&&r.stop.call(this,!0),e=i.length;e--;){i[e].elem===this&&i[e].queue===a&&(i[e].anim.stop(!0),i.splice(e,1))}for(e=0;e<o;e++){n[e]&&n[e].finish&&n[e].finish.call(this)}delete t.finish})}}),S.each(["toggle","show","hide"],function(e,r){var i=S.fn[r];S.fn[r]=function(e,t,n){return null==e||"boolean"==typeof e?i.apply(this,arguments):this.animate(lt(r,!0),e,t,n)}}),S.each({slideDown:lt("show"),slideUp:lt("hide"),slideToggle:lt("toggle"),fadeIn:{opacity:"show"},fadeOut:{opacity:"hide"},fadeToggle:{opacity:"toggle"}},function(e,r){S.fn[e]=function(e,t,n){return this.animate(r,e,t,n)}}),S.timers=[],S.fx.tick=function(){var e,t=0,n=S.timers;for(tt=Date.now();t<n.length;t++){(e=n[t])()||n[t]!==e||n.splice(t--,1)}n.length||S.fx.stop(),tt=void 0},S.fx.timer=function(e){S.timers.push(e),S.fx.start()},S.fx.interval=13,S.fx.start=function(){nt||(nt=!0,st())},S.fx.stop=function(){nt=null},S.fx.speeds={slow:600,fast:200,_default:400},S.fn.delay=function(r,e){return r=S.fx&&S.fx.speeds[r]||r,e=e||"fx",this.queue(e,function(e,t){var n=C.setTimeout(e,r);t.stop=function(){C.clearTimeout(n)}})},rt=E.createElement("input"),it=E.createElement("select").appendChild(E.createElement("option")),rt.type="checkbox",y.checkOn=""!==rt.value,y.optSelected=it.selected,(rt=E.createElement("input")).value="t",rt.type="radio",y.radioValue="t"===rt.value;var pt,dt=S.expr.attrHandle;S.fn.extend({attr:function(e,t){return $(this,S.attr,e,t,1<arguments.length)},removeAttr:function(e){return this.each(function(){S.removeAttr(this,e)})}}),S.extend({attr:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o=e.nodeType;if(3!==o&&8!==o&&2!==o){return"undefined"==typeof e.getAttribute?S.prop(e,t,n):(1===o&&S.isXMLDoc(e)||(i=S.attrHooks[t.toLowerCase()]||(S.expr.match.bool.test(t)?pt:void 0)),void 0!==n?null===n?void S.removeAttr(e,t):i&&"set" in i&&void 0!==(r=i.set(e,n,t))?r:(e.setAttribute(t,n+""),n):i&&"get" in i&&null!==(r=i.get(e,t))?r:null==(r=S.find.attr(e,t))?void 0:r)}},attrHooks:{type:{set:function(e,t){if(!y.radioValue&&"radio"===t&&A(e,"input")){var n=e.value;return e.setAttribute("type",t),n&&(e.value=n),t}}}},removeAttr:function(e,t){var n,r=0,i=t&&t.match(P);if(i&&1===e.nodeType){while(n=i[r++]){e.removeAttribute(n)}}}}),pt={set:function(e,t,n){return !1===t?S.removeAttr(e,n):e.setAttribute(n,n),n}},S.each(S.expr.match.bool.source.match(/\w+/g),function(e,t){var a=dt[t]||S.find.attr;dt[t]=function(e,t,n){var r,i,o=t.toLowerCase();return n||(i=dt[o],dt[o]=r,r=null!=a(e,t,n)?o:null,dt[o]=i),r}});var ht=/^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,gt=/^(?:a|area)$/i;function vt(e){return(e.match(P)||[]).join(" ")}function yt(e){return e.getAttribute&&e.getAttribute("class")||""}function mt(e){return Array.isArray(e)?e:"string"==typeof e&&e.match(P)||[]}S.fn.extend({prop:function(e,t){return $(this,S.prop,e,t,1<arguments.length)},removeProp:function(e){return this.each(function(){delete this[S.propFix[e]||e]})}}),S.extend({prop:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o=e.nodeType;if(3!==o&&8!==o&&2!==o){return 1===o&&S.isXMLDoc(e)||(t=S.propFix[t]||t,i=S.propHooks[t]),void 0!==n?i&&"set" in i&&void 0!==(r=i.set(e,n,t))?r:e[t]=n:i&&"get" in i&&null!==(r=i.get(e,t))?r:e[t]}},propHooks:{tabIndex:{get:function(e){var t=S.find.attr(e,"tabindex");return t?parseInt(t,10):ht.test(e.nodeName)||gt.test(e.nodeName)&&e.href?0:-1}}},propFix:{"for":"htmlFor","class":"className"}}),y.optSelected||(S.propHooks.selected={get:function(e){var t=e.parentNode;return t&&t.parentNode&&t.parentNode.selectedIndex,null},set:function(e){var t=e.parentNode;t&&(t.selectedIndex,t.parentNode&&t.parentNode.selectedIndex)}}),S.each(["tabIndex","readOnly","maxLength","cellSpacing","cellPadding","rowSpan","colSpan","useMap","frameBorder","contentEditable"],function(){S.propFix[this.toLowerCase()]=this}),S.fn.extend({addClass:function(t){var e,n,r,i,o,a,s,u=0;if(m(t)){return this.each(function(e){S(this).addClass(t.call(this,e,yt(this)))})}if((e=mt(t)).length){while(n=this[u++]){if(i=yt(n),r=1===n.nodeType&&" "+vt(i)+" "){a=0;while(o=e[a++]){r.indexOf(" "+o+" ")<0&&(r+=o+" ")}i!==(s=vt(r))&&n.setAttribute("class",s)}}}return this},removeClass:function(t){var e,n,r,i,o,a,s,u=0;if(m(t)){return this.each(function(e){S(this).removeClass(t.call(this,e,yt(this)))})}if(!arguments.length){return this.attr("class","")}if((e=mt(t)).length){while(n=this[u++]){if(i=yt(n),r=1===n.nodeType&&" "+vt(i)+" "){a=0;while(o=e[a++]){while(-1<r.indexOf(" "+o+" ")){r=r.replace(" "+o+" "," ")}}i!==(s=vt(r))&&n.setAttribute("class",s)}}}return this},toggleClass:function(i,t){var o=typeof i,a="string"===o||Array.isArray(i);return"boolean"==typeof t&&a?t?this.addClass(i):this.removeClass(i):m(i)?this.each(function(e){S(this).toggleClass(i.call(this,e,yt(this),t),t)}):this.each(function(){var e,t,n,r;if(a){t=0,n=S(this),r=mt(i);while(e=r[t++]){n.hasClass(e)?n.removeClass(e):n.addClass(e)}}else{void 0!==i&&"boolean"!==o||((e=yt(this))&&Y.set(this,"__className__",e),this.setAttribute&&this.setAttribute("class",e||!1===i?"":Y.get(this,"__className__")||""))}})},hasClass:function(e){var t,n,r=0;t=" "+e+" ";while(n=this[r++]){if(1===n.nodeType&&-1<(" "+vt(yt(n))+" ").indexOf(t)){return !0}}return !1}});var xt=/\r/g;S.fn.extend({val:function(n){var r,e,i,t=this[0];return arguments.length?(i=m(n),this.each(function(e){var t;1===this.nodeType&&(null==(t=i?n.call(this,e,S(this).val()):n)?t="":"number"==typeof t?t+="":Array.isArray(t)&&(t=S.map(t,function(e){return null==e?"":e+""})),(r=S.valHooks[this.type]||S.valHooks[this.nodeName.toLowerCase()])&&"set" in r&&void 0!==r.set(this,t,"value")||(this.value=t))})):t?(r=S.valHooks[t.type]||S.valHooks[t.nodeName.toLowerCase()])&&"get" in r&&void 0!==(e=r.get(t,"value"))?e:"string"==typeof(e=t.value)?e.replace(xt,""):null==e?"":e:void 0}}),S.extend({valHooks:{option:{get:function(e){var t=S.find.attr(e,"value");return null!=t?t:vt(S.text(e))}},select:{get:function(e){var t,n,r,i=e.options,o=e.selectedIndex,a="select-one"===e.type,s=a?null:[],u=a?o+1:i.length;for(r=o<0?u:a?o:0;r<u;r++){if(((n=i[r]).selected||r===o)&&!n.disabled&&(!n.parentNode.disabled||!A(n.parentNode,"optgroup"))){if(t=S(n).val(),a){return t}s.push(t)}}return s},set:function(e,t){var n,r,i=e.options,o=S.makeArray(t),a=i.length;while(a--){((r=i[a]).selected=-1<S.inArray(S.valHooks.option.get(r),o))&&(n=!0)}return n||(e.selectedIndex=-1),o}}}}),S.each(["radio","checkbox"],function(){S.valHooks[this]={set:function(e,t){if(Array.isArray(t)){return e.checked=-1<S.inArray(S(e).val(),t)}}},y.checkOn||(S.valHooks[this].get=function(e){return null===e.getAttribute("value")?"on":e.value})}),y.focusin="onfocusin" in C;var bt=/^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/,wt=function(e){e.stopPropagation()};S.extend(S.event,{trigger:function(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a,s,u,l,c,f,p=[n||E],d=v.call(e,"type")?e.type:e,h=v.call(e,"namespace")?e.namespace.split("."):[];if(o=f=a=n=n||E,3!==n.nodeType&&8!==n.nodeType&&!bt.test(d+S.event.triggered)&&(-1<d.indexOf(".")&&(d=(h=d.split(".")).shift(),h.sort()),u=d.indexOf(":")<0&&"on"+d,(e=e[S.expando]?e:new S.Event(d,"object"==typeof e&&e)).isTrigger=r?2:3,e.namespace=h.join("."),e.rnamespace=e.namespace?new RegExp("(^|\\.)"+h.join("\\.(?:.*\\.|)")+"(\\.|$)"):null,e.result=void 0,e.target||(e.target=n),t=null==t?[e]:S.makeArray(t,[e]),c=S.event.special[d]||{},r||!c.trigger||!1!==c.trigger.apply(n,t))){if(!r&&!c.noBubble&&!x(n)){for(s=c.delegateType||d,bt.test(s+d)||(o=o.parentNode);o;o=o.parentNode){p.push(o),a=o}a===(n.ownerDocument||E)&&p.push(a.defaultView||a.parentWindow||C)}i=0;while((o=p[i++])&&!e.isPropagationStopped()){f=o,e.type=1<i?s:c.bindType||d,(l=(Y.get(o,"events")||Object.create(null))[e.type]&&Y.get(o,"handle"))&&l.apply(o,t),(l=u&&o[u])&&l.apply&&V(o)&&(e.result=l.apply(o,t),!1===e.result&&e.preventDefault())}return e.type=d,r||e.isDefaultPrevented()||c._default&&!1!==c._default.apply(p.pop(),t)||!V(n)||u&&m(n[d])&&!x(n)&&((a=n[u])&&(n[u]=null),S.event.triggered=d,e.isPropagationStopped()&&f.addEventListener(d,wt),n[d](),e.isPropagationStopped()&&f.removeEventListener(d,wt),S.event.triggered=void 0,a&&(n[u]=a)),e.result}},simulate:function(e,t,n){var r=S.extend(new S.Event,n,{type:e,isSimulated:!0});S.event.trigger(r,null,t)}}),S.fn.extend({trigger:function(e,t){return this.each(function(){S.event.trigger(e,t,this)})},triggerHandler:function(e,t){var n=this[0];if(n){return S.event.trigger(e,t,n,!0)}}}),y.focusin||S.each({focus:"focusin",blur:"focusout"},function(n,r){var i=function(e){S.event.simulate(r,e.target,S.event.fix(e))};S.event.special[r]={setup:function(){var e=this.ownerDocument||this.document||this,t=Y.access(e,r);t||e.addEventListener(n,i,!0),Y.access(e,r,(t||0)+1)},teardown:function(){var e=this.ownerDocument||this.document||this,t=Y.access(e,r)-1;t?Y.access(e,r,t):(e.removeEventListener(n,i,!0),Y.remove(e,r))}}});var Tt=C.location,Ct={guid:Date.now()},Et=/\?/;S.parseXML=function(e){var t;if(!e||"string"!=typeof e){return null}try{t=(new C.DOMParser).parseFromString(e,"text/xml")}catch(e){t=void 0}return t&&!t.getElementsByTagName("parsererror").length||S.error("Invalid XML: "+e),t};var St=/\[\]$/,kt=/\r?\n/g,At=/^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i,Nt=/^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i;function Dt(n,e,r,i){var t;if(Array.isArray(e)){S.each(e,function(e,t){r||St.test(n)?i(n,t):Dt(n+"["+("object"==typeof t&&null!=t?e:"")+"]",t,r,i)})}else{if(r||"object"!==w(e)){i(n,e)}else{for(t in e){Dt(n+"["+t+"]",e[t],r,i)}}}}S.param=function(e,t){var n,r=[],i=function(e,t){var n=m(t)?t():t;r[r.length]=encodeURIComponent(e)+"="+encodeURIComponent(null==n?"":n)};if(null==e){return""}if(Array.isArray(e)||e.jquery&&!S.isPlainObject(e)){S.each(e,function(){i(this.name,this.value)})}else{for(n in e){Dt(n,e[n],t,i)}}return r.join("&")},S.fn.extend({serialize:function(){return S.param(this.serializeArray())},serializeArray:function(){return this.map(function(){var e=S.prop(this,"elements");return e?S.makeArray(e):this}).filter(function(){var e=this.type;return this.name&&!S(this).is(":disabled")&&Nt.test(this.nodeName)&&!At.test(e)&&(this.checked||!pe.test(e))}).map(function(e,t){var n=S(this).val();return null==n?null:Array.isArray(n)?S.map(n,function(e){return{name:t.name,value:e.replace(kt,"\r\n")}}):{name:t.name,value:n.replace(kt,"\r\n")}}).get()}});var jt=/%20/g,qt=/#.*$/,Lt=/([?&])_=[^&]*/,Ht=/^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/gm,Ot=/^(?:GET|HEAD)$/,Pt=/^\/\//,Rt={},Mt={},It="*/".concat("*"),Wt=E.createElement("a");function Ft(o){return function(e,t){"string"!=typeof e&&(t=e,e="*");var n,r=0,i=e.toLowerCase().match(P)||[];if(m(t)){while(n=i[r++]){"+"===n[0]?(n=n.slice(1)||"*",(o[n]=o[n]||[]).unshift(t)):(o[n]=o[n]||[]).push(t)}}}}function Bt(t,i,o,a){var s={},u=t===Mt;function l(e){var r;return s[e]=!0,S.each(t[e]||[],function(e,t){var n=t(i,o,a);return"string"!=typeof n||u||s[n]?u?!(r=n):void 0:(i.dataTypes.unshift(n),l(n),!1)}),r}return l(i.dataTypes[0])||!s["*"]&&l("*")}function $t(e,t){var n,r,i=S.ajaxSettings.flatOptions||{};for(n in t){void 0!==t[n]&&((i[n]?e:r||(r={}))[n]=t[n])}return r&&S.extend(!0,e,r),e}Wt.href=Tt.href,S.extend({active:0,lastModified:{},etag:{},ajaxSettings:{url:Tt.href,type:"GET",isLocal:/^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/.test(Tt.protocol),global:!0,processData:!0,async:!0,contentType:"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",accepts:{"*":It,text:"text/plain",html:"text/html",xml:"application/xml, text/xml",json:"application/json, text/javascript"},contents:{xml:/\bxml\b/,html:/\bhtml/,json:/\bjson\b/},responseFields:{xml:"responseXML",text:"responseText",json:"responseJSON"},converters:{"* text":String,"text html":!0,"text json":JSON.parse,"text xml":S.parseXML},flatOptions:{url:!0,context:!0}},ajaxSetup:function(e,t){return t?$t($t(e,S.ajaxSettings),t):$t(S.ajaxSettings,e)},ajaxPrefilter:Ft(Rt),ajaxTransport:Ft(Mt),ajax:function(e,t){"object"==typeof e&&(t=e,e=void 0),t=t||{};var c,f,p,n,d,r,h,g,i,o,v=S.ajaxSetup({},t),y=v.context||v,m=v.context&&(y.nodeType||y.jquery)?S(y):S.event,x=S.Deferred(),b=S.Callbacks("once memory"),w=v.statusCode||{},a={},s={},u="canceled",T={readyState:0,getResponseHeader:function(e){var t;if(h){if(!n){n={};while(t=Ht.exec(p)){n[t[1].toLowerCase()+" "]=(n[t[1].toLowerCase()+" "]||[]).concat(t[2])}}t=n[e.toLowerCase()+" "]}return null==t?null:t.join(", ")},getAllResponseHeaders:function(){return h?p:null},setRequestHeader:function(e,t){return null==h&&(e=s[e.toLowerCase()]=s[e.toLowerCase()]||e,a[e]=t),this},overrideMimeType:function(e){return null==h&&(v.mimeType=e),this},statusCode:function(e){var t;if(e){if(h){T.always(e[T.status])}else{for(t in e){w[t]=[w[t],e[t]]}}}return this},abort:function(e){var t=e||u;return c&&c.abort(t),l(0,t),this}};if(x.promise(T),v.url=((e||v.url||Tt.href)+"").replace(Pt,Tt.protocol+"//"),v.type=t.method||t.type||v.method||v.type,v.dataTypes=(v.dataType||"*").toLowerCase().match(P)||[""],null==v.crossDomain){r=E.createElement("a");try{r.href=v.url,r.href=r.href,v.crossDomain=Wt.protocol+"//"+Wt.host!=r.protocol+"//"+r.host}catch(e){v.crossDomain=!0}}if(v.data&&v.processData&&"string"!=typeof v.data&&(v.data=S.param(v.data,v.traditional)),Bt(Rt,v,t,T),h){return T}for(i in (g=S.event&&v.global)&&0==S.active++&&S.event.trigger("ajaxStart"),v.type=v.type.toUpperCase(),v.hasContent=!Ot.test(v.type),f=v.url.replace(qt,""),v.hasContent?v.data&&v.processData&&0===(v.contentType||"").indexOf("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")&&(v.data=v.data.replace(jt,"+")):(o=v.url.slice(f.length),v.data&&(v.processData||"string"==typeof v.data)&&(f+=(Et.test(f)?"&":"?")+v.data,delete v.data),!1===v.cache&&(f=f.replace(Lt,"$1"),o=(Et.test(f)?"&":"?")+"_="+Ct.guid+++o),v.url=f+o),v.ifModified&&(S.lastModified[f]&&T.setRequestHeader("If-Modified-Since",S.lastModified[f]),S.etag[f]&&T.setRequestHeader("If-None-Match",S.etag[f])),(v.data&&v.hasContent&&!1!==v.contentType||t.contentType)&&T.setRequestHeader("Content-Type",v.contentType),T.setRequestHeader("Accept",v.dataTypes[0]&&v.accepts[v.dataTypes[0]]?v.accepts[v.dataTypes[0]]+("*"!==v.dataTypes[0]?", "+It+"; q=0.01":""):v.accepts["*"]),v.headers){T.setRequestHeader(i,v.headers[i])}if(v.beforeSend&&(!1===v.beforeSend.call(y,T,v)||h)){return T.abort()}if(u="abort",b.add(v.complete),T.done(v.success),T.fail(v.error),c=Bt(Mt,v,t,T)){if(T.readyState=1,g&&m.trigger("ajaxSend",[T,v]),h){return T}v.async&&0<v.timeout&&(d=C.setTimeout(function(){T.abort("timeout")},v.timeout));try{h=!1,c.send(a,l)}catch(e){if(h){throw e}l(-1,e)}}else{l(-1,"No Transport")}function l(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a,s,u,l=t;h||(h=!0,d&&C.clearTimeout(d),c=void 0,p=r||"",T.readyState=0<e?4:0,i=200<=e&&e<300||304===e,n&&(s=function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a,s=e.contents,u=e.dataTypes;while("*"===u[0]){u.shift(),void 0===r&&(r=e.mimeType||t.getResponseHeader("Content-Type"))}if(r){for(i in s){if(s[i]&&s[i].test(r)){u.unshift(i);break}}}if(u[0] in n){o=u[0]}else{for(i in n){if(!u[0]||e.converters[i+" "+u[0]]){o=i;break}a||(a=i)}o=o||a}if(o){return o!==u[0]&&u.unshift(o),n[o]}}(v,T,n)),!i&&-1<S.inArray("script",v.dataTypes)&&(v.converters["text script"]=function(){}),s=function(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a,s,u,l={},c=e.dataTypes.slice();if(c[1]){for(a in e.converters){l[a.toLowerCase()]=e.converters[a]}}o=c.shift();while(o){if(e.responseFields[o]&&(n[e.responseFields[o]]=t),!u&&r&&e.dataFilter&&(t=e.dataFilter(t,e.dataType)),u=o,o=c.shift()){if("*"===o){o=u}else{if("*"!==u&&u!==o){if(!(a=l[u+" "+o]||l["* "+o])){for(i in l){if((s=i.split(" "))[1]===o&&(a=l[u+" "+s[0]]||l["* "+s[0]])){!0===a?a=l[i]:!0!==l[i]&&(o=s[0],c.unshift(s[1]));break}}}if(!0!==a){if(a&&e["throws"]){t=a(t)}else{try{t=a(t)}catch(e){return{state:"parsererror",error:a?e:"No conversion from "+u+" to "+o}}}}}}}}return{state:"success",data:t}}(v,s,T,i),i?(v.ifModified&&((u=T.getResponseHeader("Last-Modified"))&&(S.lastModified[f]=u),(u=T.getResponseHeader("etag"))&&(S.etag[f]=u)),204===e||"HEAD"===v.type?l="nocontent":304===e?l="notmodified":(l=s.state,o=s.data,i=!(a=s.error))):(a=l,!e&&l||(l="error",e<0&&(e=0))),T.status=e,T.statusText=(t||l)+"",i?x.resolveWith(y,[o,l,T]):x.rejectWith(y,[T,l,a]),T.statusCode(w),w=void 0,g&&m.trigger(i?"ajaxSuccess":"ajaxError",[T,v,i?o:a]),b.fireWith(y,[T,l]),g&&(m.trigger("ajaxComplete",[T,v]),--S.active||S.event.trigger("ajaxStop")))}return T},getJSON:function(e,t,n){return S.get(e,t,n,"json")},getScript:function(e,t){return S.get(e,void 0,t,"script")}}),S.each(["get","post"],function(e,i){S[i]=function(e,t,n,r){return m(t)&&(r=r||n,n=t,t=void 0),S.ajax(S.extend({url:e,type:i,dataType:r,data:t,success:n},S.isPlainObject(e)&&e))}}),S.ajaxPrefilter(function(e){var t;for(t in e.headers){"content-type"===t.toLowerCase()&&(e.contentType=e.headers[t]||"")}}),S._evalUrl=function(e,t,n){return S.ajax({url:e,type:"GET",dataType:"script",cache:!0,async:!1,global:!1,converters:{"text script":function(){}},dataFilter:function(e){S.globalEval(e,t,n)}})},S.fn.extend({wrapAll:function(e){var t;return this[0]&&(m(e)&&(e=e.call(this[0])),t=S(e,this[0].ownerDocument).eq(0).clone(!0),this[0].parentNode&&t.insertBefore(this[0]),t.map(function(){var e=this;while(e.firstElementChild){e=e.firstElementChild}return e}).append(this)),this},wrapInner:function(n){return m(n)?this.each(function(e){S(this).wrapInner(n.call(this,e))}):this.each(function(){var e=S(this),t=e.contents();t.length?t.wrapAll(n):e.append(n)})},wrap:function(t){var n=m(t);return this.each(function(e){S(this).wrapAll(n?t.call(this,e):t)})},unwrap:function(e){return this.parent(e).not("body").each(function(){S(this).replaceWith(this.childNodes)}),this}}),S.expr.pseudos.hidden=function(e){return !S.expr.pseudos.visible(e)},S.expr.pseudos.visible=function(e){return !!(e.offsetWidth||e.offsetHeight||e.getClientRects().length)},S.ajaxSettings.xhr=function(){try{return new C.XMLHttpRequest}catch(e){}};var _t={0:200,1223:204},zt=S.ajaxSettings.xhr();y.cors=!!zt&&"withCredentials" in zt,y.ajax=zt=!!zt,S.ajaxTransport(function(i){var o,a;if(y.cors||zt&&!i.crossDomain){return{send:function(e,t){var n,r=i.xhr();if(r.open(i.type,i.url,i.async,i.username,i.password),i.xhrFields){for(n in i.xhrFields){r[n]=i.xhrFields[n]}}for(n in i.mimeType&&r.overrideMimeType&&r.overrideMimeType(i.mimeType),i.crossDomain||e["X-Requested-With"]||(e["X-Requested-With"]="XMLHttpRequest"),e){r.setRequestHeader(n,e[n])}o=function(e){return function(){o&&(o=a=r.onload=r.onerror=r.onabort=r.ontimeout=r.onreadystatechange=null,"abort"===e?r.abort():"error"===e?"number"!=typeof r.status?t(0,"error"):t(r.status,r.statusText):t(_t[r.status]||r.status,r.statusText,"text"!==(r.responseType||"text")||"string"!=typeof r.responseText?{binary:r.response}:{text:r.responseText},r.getAllResponseHeaders()))}},r.onload=o(),a=r.onerror=r.ontimeout=o("error"),void 0!==r.onabort?r.onabort=a:r.onreadystatechange=function(){4===r.readyState&&C.setTimeout(function(){o&&a()})},o=o("abort");try{r.send(i.hasContent&&i.data||null)}catch(e){if(o){throw e}}},abort:function(){o&&o()}}}}),S.ajaxPrefilter(function(e){e.crossDomain&&(e.contents.script=!1)}),S.ajaxSetup({accepts:{script:"text/javascript, application/javascript, application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript"},contents:{script:/\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/},converters:{"text script":function(e){return S.globalEval(e),e}}}),S.ajaxPrefilter("script",function(e){void 0===e.cache&&(e.cache=!1),e.crossDomain&&(e.type="GET")}),S.ajaxTransport("script",function(n){var r,i;if(n.crossDomain||n.scriptAttrs){return{send:function(e,t){r=S("<script>").attr(n.scriptAttrs||{}).prop({charset:n.scriptCharset,src:n.url}).on("load error",i=function(e){r.remove(),i=null,e&&t("error"===e.type?404:200,e.type)}),E.head.appendChild(r[0])},abort:function(){i&&i()}}}});var Ut,Xt=[],Vt=/(=)\?(?=&|$)|\?\?/;S.ajaxSetup({jsonp:"callback",jsonpCallback:function(){var e=Xt.pop()||S.expando+"_"+Ct.guid++;return this[e]=!0,e}}),S.ajaxPrefilter("json jsonp",function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a=!1!==e.jsonp&&(Vt.test(e.url)?"url":"string"==typeof e.data&&0===(e.contentType||"").indexOf("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")&&Vt.test(e.data)&&"data");if(a||"jsonp"===e.dataTypes[0]){return r=e.jsonpCallback=m(e.jsonpCallback)?e.jsonpCallback():e.jsonpCallback,a?e[a]=e[a].replace(Vt,"$1"+r):!1!==e.jsonp&&(e.url+=(Et.test(e.url)?"&":"?")+e.jsonp+"="+r),e.converters["script json"]=function(){return o||S.error(r+" was not called"),o[0]},e.dataTypes[0]="json",i=C[r],C[r]=function(){o=arguments},n.always(function(){void 0===i?S(C).removeProp(r):C[r]=i,e[r]&&(e.jsonpCallback=t.jsonpCallback,Xt.push(r)),o&&m(i)&&i(o[0]),o=i=void 0}),"script"}}),y.createHTMLDocument=((Ut=E.implementation.createHTMLDocument("").body).innerHTML="<form></form><form></form>",2===Ut.childNodes.length),S.parseHTML=function(e,t,n){return"string"!=typeof e?[]:("boolean"==typeof t&&(n=t,t=!1),t||(y.createHTMLDocument?((r=(t=E.implementation.createHTMLDocument("")).createElement("base")).href=E.location.href,t.head.appendChild(r)):t=E),o=!n&&[],(i=N.exec(e))?[t.createElement(i[1])]:(i=xe([e],t,o),o&&o.length&&S(o).remove(),S.merge([],i.childNodes)));var r,i,o},S.fn.load=function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a=this,s=e.indexOf(" ");return -1<s&&(r=vt(e.slice(s)),e=e.slice(0,s)),m(t)?(n=t,t=void 0):t&&"object"==typeof t&&(i="POST"),0<a.length&&S.ajax({url:e,type:i||"GET",dataType:"html",data:t}).done(function(e){o=arguments,a.html(r?S("<div>").append(S.parseHTML(e)).find(r):e)}).always(n&&function(e,t){a.each(function(){n.apply(this,o||[e.responseText,t,e])})}),this},S.expr.pseudos.animated=function(t){return S.grep(S.timers,function(e){return t===e.elem}).length},S.offset={setOffset:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a,s,u,l=S.css(e,"position"),c=S(e),f={};"static"===l&&(e.style.position="relative"),s=c.offset(),o=S.css(e,"top"),u=S.css(e,"left"),("absolute"===l||"fixed"===l)&&-1<(o+u).indexOf("auto")?(a=(r=c.position()).top,i=r.left):(a=parseFloat(o)||0,i=parseFloat(u)||0),m(t)&&(t=t.call(e,n,S.extend({},s))),null!=t.top&&(f.top=t.top-s.top+a),null!=t.left&&(f.left=t.left-s.left+i),"using" in t?t.using.call(e,f):("number"==typeof f.top&&(f.top+="px"),"number"==typeof f.left&&(f.left+="px"),c.css(f))}},S.fn.extend({offset:function(t){if(arguments.length){return void 0===t?this:this.each(function(e){S.offset.setOffset(this,t,e)})}var e,n,r=this[0];return r?r.getClientRects().length?(e=r.getBoundingClientRect(),n=r.ownerDocument.defaultView,{top:e.top+n.pageYOffset,left:e.left+n.pageXOffset}):{top:0,left:0}:void 0},position:function(){if(this[0]){var e,t,n,r=this[0],i={top:0,left:0};if("fixed"===S.css(r,"position")){t=r.getBoundingClientRect()}else{t=this.offset(),n=r.ownerDocument,e=r.offsetParent||n.documentElement;while(e&&(e===n.body||e===n.documentElement)&&"static"===S.css(e,"position")){e=e.parentNode}e&&e!==r&&1===e.nodeType&&((i=S(e).offset()).top+=S.css(e,"borderTopWidth",!0),i.left+=S.css(e,"borderLeftWidth",!0))}return{top:t.top-i.top-S.css(r,"marginTop",!0),left:t.left-i.left-S.css(r,"marginLeft",!0)}}},offsetParent:function(){return this.map(function(){var e=this.offsetParent;while(e&&"static"===S.css(e,"position")){e=e.offsetParent}return e||re})}}),S.each({scrollLeft:"pageXOffset",scrollTop:"pageYOffset"},function(t,i){var o="pageYOffset"===i;S.fn[t]=function(e){return $(this,function(e,t,n){var r;if(x(e)?r=e:9===e.nodeType&&(r=e.defaultView),void 0===n){return r?r[i]:e[t]}r?r.scrollTo(o?r.pageXOffset:n,o?n:r.pageYOffset):e[t]=n},t,e,arguments.length)}}),S.each(["top","left"],function(e,n){S.cssHooks[n]=$e(y.pixelPosition,function(e,t){if(t){return t=Be(e,n),Me.test(t)?S(e).position()[n]+"px":t}})}),S.each({Height:"height",Width:"width"},function(a,s){S.each({padding:"inner"+a,content:s,"":"outer"+a},function(r,o){S.fn[o]=function(e,t){var n=arguments.length&&(r||"boolean"!=typeof e),i=r||(!0===e||!0===t?"margin":"border");return $(this,function(e,t,n){var r;return x(e)?0===o.indexOf("outer")?e["inner"+a]:e.document.documentElement["client"+a]:9===e.nodeType?(r=e.documentElement,Math.max(e.body["scroll"+a],r["scroll"+a],e.body["offset"+a],r["offset"+a],r["client"+a])):void 0===n?S.css(e,t,i):S.style(e,t,n,i)},s,n?e:void 0,n)}})}),S.each(["ajaxStart","ajaxStop","ajaxComplete","ajaxError","ajaxSuccess","ajaxSend"],function(e,t){S.fn[t]=function(e){return this.on(t,e)}}),S.fn.extend({bind:function(e,t,n){return this.on(e,null,t,n)},unbind:function(e,t){return this.off(e,null,t)},delegate:function(e,t,n,r){return this.on(t,e,n,r)},undelegate:function(e,t,n){return 1===arguments.length?this.off(e,"**"):this.off(t,e||"**",n)},hover:function(e,t){return this.mouseenter(e).mouseleave(t||e)}}),S.each("blur focus focusin focusout resize scroll click dblclick mousedown mouseup mousemove mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave change select submit keydown keypress keyup contextmenu".split(" "),function(e,n){S.fn[n]=function(e,t){return 0<arguments.length?this.on(n,null,e,t):this.trigger(n)}});var Gt=/^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g;S.proxy=function(e,t){var n,r,i;if("string"==typeof t&&(n=e[t],t=e,e=n),m(e)){return r=s.call(arguments,2),(i=function(){return e.apply(t||this,r.concat(s.call(arguments)))}).guid=e.guid=e.guid||S.guid++,i}},S.holdReady=function(e){e?S.readyWait++:S.ready(!0)},S.isArray=Array.isArray,S.parseJSON=JSON.parse,S.nodeName=A,S.isFunction=m,S.isWindow=x,S.camelCase=X,S.type=w,S.now=Date.now,S.isNumeric=function(e){var t=S.type(e);return("number"===t||"string"===t)&&!isNaN(e-parseFloat(e))},S.trim=function(e){return null==e?"":(e+"").replace(Gt,"")},"function"==typeof define&&define.amd&&define("jquery",[],function(){return S});var Yt=C.jQuery,Qt=C.$;return S.noConflict=function(e){return C.$===S&&(C.$=Qt),e&&C.jQuery===S&&(C.jQuery=Yt),S},"undefined"==typeof e&&(C.jQuery=C.$=S),S});</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/theme_japantimes/js/premium/hmac-sha.js?v=4.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/theme_japantimes/js/premium/md5.js?v=4.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/theme_japantimes/js/premium/enc-base64.js?v=4.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/theme_japantimes/js/premium/piano_jt.js?v=4.8"></script> <script> var targetDomain = "www.japantimes.co.jp"; var currentDomain = $(location).attr('host'); if (targetDomain !== currentDomain) { document.querySelector('meta[property="og:site_name"]').setAttribute("content", currentDomain); document.querySelector('meta[name="cXenseParse:recs:recommendable"]').setAttribute("content", "false"); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // check window width and determine device type var deviceType = function() { console.log("loaded deviceType()"); var mobileMaxWidth = 610; var tabletMaxWidth = 1000; var w = jQuery( window ).width(); var type = 'mobile'; if ( w > mobileMaxWidth && w < tabletMaxWidth ) { type = 'tablet'; } else if ( w > tabletMaxWidth ) { type = 'desktop'; } return type; }(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // these ads should be loaded always googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push( function() { googletag.pubads().enableAsyncRendering(); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-slider1', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1545378846364-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block1', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545377720996-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block2', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545377819100-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block3', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545377905854-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block4', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545378016685-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block5', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545378526968-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block6', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545378615238-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block7', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545378710149-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block8', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545378782983-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Education-banner', [270, 40], 'div-gpt-ad-1545377501993-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-NationalDay-banner', [270, 40], 'div-gpt-ad-1545377579422-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); if(deviceType == 'mobile'){ googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/article_1', [[300, 250], [336, 280]], 'div-gpt-ad-1499653692894-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); } } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','__gaTracker'); __gaTracker('create', 'G-PFG2Q35R7H', 'auto'); __gaTracker('set', 'forceSSL', true); __gaTracker('require', 'displayfeatures'); __gaTracker('require', 'linkid', 'linkid.js'); __gaTracker('set', 'dimension1', '131703'); __gaTracker('set', 'dimension2', 'BUSINESS'); __gaTracker('set', 'dimension4', 'Kazuaki Nagata'); __gaTracker('set', 'dimension5', '2024-11-21T17:17:00+09:00'); __gaTracker('set', 'dimension6', 'Tokyo Metro’s overseas efforts begin in earnest with London deal'); __gaTracker('set', 'dimension10', 'STAFF WRITER'); __gaTracker('set', 'dimension7', 'false'); __gaTracker('set', 'dimension8', 'None'); __gaTracker('send','pageview'); </script> <input type="hidden" id="chartbeat_uid" value="TmpVMk5UZz0=" /> <input type="hidden" id="chartbeat_sections" value="business,companies" /> <input type="hidden" id="chartbeat_authors" value="Kazuaki Nagata" /> <input type="hidden" id="chartbeat_type" value="" /> <script> var _sf_async_config = _sf_async_config || {}; _sf_async_config.sections = "business,companies"; _sf_async_config.authors = "Kazuaki Nagata"; (function() { function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt = (new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement('script'); e.setAttribute('language', 'javascript'); e.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); e.setAttribute('src', '//static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != 'function') ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); </script> <style> *,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}body{margin:0}.container{width:100%;padding-right:8px;padding-left:8px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media(min-width:576px){.container{max-width:540px}}@media(min-width:769px){.container{max-width:720px}}@media(min-width:992px){.container{max-width:960px}}@media(min-width:1200px){.container{max-width:1210px}}.container-fluid{width:100%;padding-right:8px;padding-left:8px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.row{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-right:-8px;margin-left:-8px}.col-1,.col-2,.col-3,.col-4,.col-5,.col-6,.col-7,.col-8,.col-9,.col-10,.col-11,.col-12,.col,.col-auto,.col-sm-1,.col-sm-2,.col-sm-3,.col-sm-4,.col-sm-5,.col-sm-6,.col-sm-7,.col-sm-8,.col-sm-9,.col-sm-10,.col-sm-11,.col-sm-12,.col-sm,.col-sm-auto,.col-md-1,.col-md-2,.col-md-3,.col-md-4,.col-md-5,.col-md-6,.col-md-7,.col-md-8,.col-md-9,.col-md-10,.col-md-11,.col-md-12,.col-md,.col-md-auto,.col-lg-1,.col-lg-2,.col-lg-3,.col-lg-4,.col-lg-5,.col-lg-6,.col-lg-7,.col-lg-8,.col-lg-9,.col-lg-10,.col-lg-11,.col-lg-12,.col-lg,.col-lg-auto,.col-xl-1,.col-xl-2,.col-xl-3,.col-xl-4,.col-xl-5,.col-xl-6,.col-xl-7,.col-xl-8,.col-xl-9,.col-xl-10,.col-xl-11,.col-xl-12,.col-xl,.col-xl-auto{position:relative;width:100%;padding-right:8px;padding-left:8px}.col{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}@media(min-width:576px){.col-sm{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-sm-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-sm-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-sm-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-sm-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-sm-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-sm-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-sm-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-sm-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-sm-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-sm-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-sm-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-sm-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-sm-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}}@media(min-width:769px){.col-md{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-md-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-md-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-md-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-md-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-md-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-md-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-md-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-md-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-md-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-md-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-md-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-md-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-md-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}}@media(min-width:992px){.col-lg{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-lg-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-lg-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-lg-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-lg-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-lg-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-lg-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-lg-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-lg-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-lg-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-lg-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-lg-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-lg-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-lg-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}}@media(min-width:1200px){.col-xl{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-xl-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-xl-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-xl-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-xl-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-xl-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-xl-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-xl-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-xl-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-xl-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-xl-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-xl-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-xl-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-xl-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}}.nav{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.nav-link{display:block;padding:.5rem 1rem}.nav-link:hover,.nav-link:focus{text-decoration:none}.nav-link.disabled{color:#6c757d;pointer-events:none;cursor:default}.nav-tabs{border-bottom:1px solid #dee2e6}.nav-tabs .nav-item{margin-bottom:-1px}.nav-tabs .nav-link{border:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:.25rem;border-top-right-radius:.25rem}.nav-tabs .nav-link:hover,.nav-tabs .nav-link:focus{border-color:#e9ecef #e9ecef #dee2e6}.nav-tabs .nav-link.disabled{color:#6c757d;background-color:transparent;border-color:transparent}.nav-tabs .nav-link.active,.nav-tabs .nav-item.show .nav-link{color:#495057;background-color:#fff;border-color:#dee2e6 #dee2e6 #fff}.nav-tabs .dropdown-menu{margin-top:-1px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0}.nav-pills .nav-link{border-radius:.25rem}.nav-pills .nav-link.active,.nav-pills .show>.nav-link{color:#fff;background-color:#007bff}.nav-fill .nav-item{-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;text-align:center}.nav-justified .nav-item{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;text-align:center}.tab-content>.tab-pane{display:none}.tab-content>.active{display:block}.navbar{position:relative;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:.5rem 1rem}.navbar>.container,.navbar>.container-fluid{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.navbar-brand{display:inline-block;padding-top:.3125rem;padding-bottom:.3125rem;margin-right:1rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:inherit;white-space:nowrap}.navbar-brand:hover,.navbar-brand:focus{text-decoration:none}.navbar-nav{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}.navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{position:static;float:none}.navbar-text{display:inline-block;padding-top:.5rem;padding-bottom:.5rem}.navbar-collapse{-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.navbar-toggler{padding:.25rem .75rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1;background-color:transparent;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:.25rem}.navbar-toggler:hover,.navbar-toggler:focus{text-decoration:none}.navbar-toggler-icon{display:inline-block;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;vertical-align:middle;content:"";background:no-repeat center center;background-size:100% 100%}@media(max-width:575.98px){.navbar-expand-sm>.container,.navbar-expand-sm>.container-fluid{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}}@media(min-width:576px){.navbar-expand-sm{-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-nav{-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{position:absolute}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.navbar-expand-sm>.container,.navbar-expand-sm>.container-fluid{-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-collapse{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-toggler{display:none}}@media(max-width:767.98px){.navbar-expand-md>.container,.navbar-expand-md>.container-fluid{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}}@media(min-width:769px){.navbar-expand-md{-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand-md .navbar-nav{-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand-md .navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{position:absolute}.navbar-expand-md .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.navbar-expand-md>.container,.navbar-expand-md>.container-fluid{-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap}.navbar-expand-md .navbar-collapse{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto}.navbar-expand-md .navbar-toggler{display:none}}@media(max-width:991.98px){.navbar-expand-lg>.container,.navbar-expand-lg>.container-fluid{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}}@media(min-width:992px){.navbar-expand-lg{-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand-lg .navbar-nav{-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand-lg .navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{position:absolute}.navbar-expand-lg .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.navbar-expand-lg>.container,.navbar-expand-lg>.container-fluid{-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap}.navbar-expand-lg .navbar-collapse{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto}.navbar-expand-lg .navbar-toggler{display:none}}@media(max-width:1199.98px){.navbar-expand-xl>.container,.navbar-expand-xl>.container-fluid{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}}@media(min-width:1200px){.navbar-expand-xl{-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand-xl .navbar-nav{-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand-xl .navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{position:absolute}.navbar-expand-xl .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.navbar-expand-xl>.container,.navbar-expand-xl>.container-fluid{-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap}.navbar-expand-xl .navbar-collapse{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto}.navbar-expand-xl .navbar-toggler{display:none}}.navbar-expand{-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand>.container,.navbar-expand>.container-fluid{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}.navbar-expand .navbar-nav{-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand .navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{position:absolute}.navbar-expand .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.navbar-expand>.container,.navbar-expand>.container-fluid{-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap}.navbar-expand .navbar-collapse{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto}.navbar-expand .navbar-toggler{display:none}.navbar-light .navbar-brand{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9)}.navbar-light .navbar-brand:hover,.navbar-light .navbar-brand:focus{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9)}.navbar-light .navbar-nav .nav-link{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5)}.navbar-light .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,.navbar-light .navbar-nav .nav-link:focus{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.7)}.navbar-light .navbar-nav .nav-link.disabled{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.3)}.navbar-light .navbar-nav .show>.nav-link,.navbar-light .navbar-nav .active>.nav-link,.navbar-light .navbar-nav .nav-link.show,.navbar-light .navbar-nav .nav-link.active{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9)}.navbar-light .navbar-toggler{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.navbar-light .navbar-toggler-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvgviewBox='003030'xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3e%3cpathstroke='rgba(0,0,0,0.5)'stroke-width='2'stroke-linecap='round'stroke-miterlimit='10'd='M47h22M415h22M423h22'/%3e%3c/svg%3e")}.navbar-light .navbar-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5)}.navbar-light .navbar-text a{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9)}.navbar-light .navbar-text a:hover,.navbar-light .navbar-text a:focus{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9)}.navbar-dark .navbar-brand{color:#fff}.navbar-dark .navbar-brand:hover,.navbar-dark .navbar-brand:focus{color:#fff}.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5)}.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:focus{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.75)}.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link.disabled{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.25)}.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .show>.nav-link,.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .active>.nav-link,.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link.show,.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link.active{color:#fff}.navbar-dark .navbar-toggler{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.1)}.navbar-dark .navbar-toggler-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvgviewBox='003030'xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3e%3cpathstroke='rgba(255,255,255,0.5)'stroke-width='2'stroke-linecap='round'stroke-miterlimit='10'd='M47h22M415h22M423h22'/%3e%3c/svg%3e")}.navbar-dark .navbar-text{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5)}.navbar-dark .navbar-text a{color:#fff}.navbar-dark .navbar-text a:hover,.navbar-dark .navbar-text a:focus{color:#fff}.owl-carousel,.owl-carousel .owl-item{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;position:relative}.owl-carousel{display:none;width:100%;z-index:1}.owl-carousel .owl-stage{position:relative;-ms-touch-action:pan-Y;touch-action:manipulation;-moz-backface-visibility:hidden}.owl-carousel .owl-stage:after{content:".";display:block;clear:both;visibility:hidden;line-height:0;height:0}.owl-carousel .owl-stage-outer{position:relative;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}.owl-carousel .owl-item,.owl-carousel .owl-wrapper{-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;-moz-backface-visibility:hidden;-ms-backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);-moz-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);-ms-transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}.owl-carousel .owl-item{min-height:1px;float:left;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-touch-callout:none}.owl-carousel .owl-item img{display:block;width:100%}.owl-carousel .owl-dots.disabled,.owl-carousel .owl-nav.disabled{display:none}.no-js .owl-carousel,.owl-carousel.owl-loaded{display:block}.owl-carousel .owl-dot,.owl-carousel .owl-nav .owl-next,.owl-carousel .owl-nav .owl-prev{cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-khtml-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.owl-carousel .owl-nav button.owl-next,.owl-carousel .owl-nav button.owl-prev,.owl-carousel button.owl-dot{background:0;color:inherit;border:0;padding:0!important;font:inherit}.owl-carousel.owl-loading{opacity:0;display:block}.owl-carousel.owl-hidden{opacity:0}.owl-carousel.owl-refresh .owl-item{visibility:hidden}.owl-carousel.owl-drag .owl-item{-ms-touch-action:pan-y;touch-action:pan-y;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.owl-carousel.owl-grab{cursor:move;cursor:grab}.owl-carousel.owl-rtl{direction:rtl}.owl-carousel.owl-rtl .owl-item{float:right}.owl-carousel .animated{animation-duration:1s;animation-fill-mode:both}.owl-carousel .owl-animated-in{z-index:0}.owl-carousel .owl-animated-out{z-index:1}.owl-carousel .fadeOut{animation-name:fadeOut}@keyframes fadeOut{0%{opacity:1}100%{opacity:0}}.owl-height{transition:height .5s ease-in-out}.owl-carousel .owl-item .owl-lazy{opacity:0;transition:opacity .4s ease}.owl-carousel .owl-item .owl-lazy:not([src]),.owl-carousel .owl-item .owl-lazy[src^=""]{max-height:0}.owl-carousel .owl-item img.owl-lazy{transform-style:preserve-3d}.owl-carousel .owl-video-wrapper{position:relative;height:100%;background:#000}.owl-carousel .owl-video-play-icon{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px;left:50%;top:50%;margin-left:-40px;margin-top:-40px;background:url(owl.video.play.png) no-repeat;cursor:pointer;z-index:1;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;transition:transform .1s ease}.owl-carousel .owl-video-play-icon:hover{-ms-transform:scale(1.3,1.3);transform:scale(1.3,1.3)}.owl-carousel .owl-video-playing .owl-video-play-icon,.owl-carousel .owl-video-playing .owl-video-tn{display:none}.owl-carousel .owl-video-tn{opacity:0;height:100%;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;transition:opacity .4s ease}.owl-carousel .owl-video-frame{position:relative;z-index:1;height:100%;width:100%}</style> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@300;400;700&display=swap" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" /> <noscript><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@300;400;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/></noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/theme_japantimes/css/general-styles.min.css?v=4.8" defer> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/theme_japantimes/css/fresco.css?v=4.8" /> </head> <body class=" "> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KR282M" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <input type="hidden" id="APP_URL" value="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/" /> <input id="BASE_URL" type="hidden" value="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/" /> <style> .hidden-body{overflow-y: hidden;} header.not-home-header{margin-bottom: 60px;} header .header-ad{background-color: #F7F7F7;} header .header-ad .tableCenter{min-width:728px;min-height: 90px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin: 20px auto;} header .header-ad.not-home-page{background-color: #FFFFFF;border-bottom: 1px solid #EFEFEF;} header .header-content{padding-bottom: 16px; padding-top: 16px;} header .header-content .left-col{display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: flex-start;} header .header-content .left-col .burger-menu{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-left: -7px;margin-right: 10px;cursor: pointer;width:36px;height:36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;} header .header-content .left-col .burger-menu:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .header-content .left-col .search-open{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;cursor: pointer;width:36px;height:36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;} header .header-content .left-col .search-open img{width:16.5px;height:16.5px;} header .header-content .left-col .search-open:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .weather{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;display: flex;align-items: end;} header .weather:hover{opacity:0.7;} header .weather a{display: contents;} header .weather img{width:45px;} header .weather span{font-family: 'Roboto';font-size: 12px;line-height: 15px; font-weight: 800;color: #000000;} header .header-content .middle-col{text-align: center;} header .header-content .middle-col .today-date{text-transform: uppercase;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular';font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px;color:#000000;} header .header-content .middle-col .today-date a{color:#000000;} header .header-content .middle-col .slogan{display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;margin-top: 5px;} header .header-content .middle-col .logo{margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 5px;} header .organization_name{text-align: right;color: #999;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 11px;} header .organization_name.hidden-desktop{display: none;} header .header-content .right-col{display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: flex-end;} header .header-content .right-col ul{list-style: none;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: flex-end;margin: 0px;padding-inline-start: 0px} header .header-content .right-col .subscribe a, header .header-content .right-col .subscribe span{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;cursor:pointer;color: #FFFFFF; background-color: #C8102E;padding: 10px 13px; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif} /*header .header-content .right-col .subscribe a:hover, header .header-content .right-col .subscribe span:hover{opacity: 0.6;}*/ header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li{margin-left: 15px;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info{position: relative} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info .dropdown-content{display: none;position: absolute;width:100%;top:28px;z-index: 1;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info .dropdown-content a{border-top:1px solid #FFF;display: block;width:100%} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info .dropdown-content a:hover{opacity: 0.6;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info:hover .dropdown-content{display: block;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.login{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-right: -7px;width:36px;height:36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.login:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.my-account_info{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-right: -7px;width:36px;height:36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.my-account_info:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .header-content .right-col .login a{color: #000000;} header .header-content .right-col .my-account_info{cursor: pointer;} header .header-content .right-col .piano-myaccount-logout-button a{color: #000000;} header .header-content .right-col .login img{margin-top: 4px;width:16.7px;height: 17.4px;} header .search-container{background-color: #efefef; max-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height 0.3s, padding 0.3s;} header .search-container.show{max-height: 60px;transition: max-height 0.6s, padding 0.6s;padding-bottom: 14px; padding-top: 14px;} header .search-container .col-md-12{display: flex; align-items: center;justify-content: flex-start;} header .search-container form{ margin-right: 10px;width:250px; background-color: #FFFFFF;display:flex;padding: 6px 12px 4px 17px;border-radius: 20px;} header .search-container form i{font-size: 18px;color:#000000;} header .search-container .form-field{border:none;width:90%;font-family: 'Roboto';font-weight: 400;font-size: 14px;line-height: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.01em;color:#000000;} header .search-container .form-field:focus{border:none;outline:none;} header .search-container .form-field::placeholder, header .search-container .form-field::-webkit-input-placeholder, header .search-container .form-field:-ms-input-placeholder, header .search-container .form-field::-moz-placeholder, header .search-container .form-field:-moz-placeholder{ font-family: 'Roboto';font-weight: 400;font-size: 14px;line-height: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.01em;color:#999999; } header .search-container .btn-submit{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;border:none;background-color: #FFFFFF;cursor:pointer;} header .search-container .btn-submit img{width:16.5px;height: 16.5px;} header .search-container .btn-submit:hover{opacity:0.6;} header .search-container .close-form i{color:#999999;font-size: 21px;cursor: pointer;} header .search-container.sticky-search{position: fixed;width:100%;z-index: 201;top:60px;} header .mobile-date{display:none;} header .hot-topics{margin-bottom: 25px;border-top: 1px solid #efefef; border-bottom: 1px solid #000000;padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;} header .hot-topics .items{display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;} header .hot-topics .items .separator:nth-child(4){border-left: 2px solid #898989;padding: 0 5px;} header .hot-topics a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;font-family: 'Roboto';font-size: 15px;line-height: 17px;border-radius: 20px; font-weight: 400;color: #000000;text-transform: uppercase;padding: 4px 15px;} header .hot-topics a:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content{padding-top: 5.2px;padding-bottom: 5.2px;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo{margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img{width: 200px;height: 28.7px;} .BoilingStyle header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img, .BoilingStyle header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img{width: 213px;height:37px;} header .sticky-menu.visible{visibility: visible;padding-bottom: 0px; -webkit-transform: translateY(0px); -ms-transform: translateY(0px); transform: translateY(0px);} header .sticky-menu.always-visible{position: fixed;visibility: visible;padding-bottom: 0px; -webkit-transform: translateY(0px); -ms-transform: translateY(0px); transform: translateY(0px);} header .sticky-menu{visibility: hidden; transform: translateY(-70px); border-bottom: 1px solid #000;padding-bottom: 3px; background: #fff; position: fixed; width: 100%; -webkit-transform: translateY(-70px); -ms-transform: translateY(-70px); transform: translateY(-70px); top: 0; left: 0; z-index: 202; -webkit-transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.23,1,0.32,1); transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.23,1,0.32,1);} header .mobile-spacing{display: none;} div.account-data{position: fixed; top:0; right:-320px; background-color: #FFF;width: 320px;z-index: 203;height:100%; transition: .5s;} div.account-data.active{right:0;} div.account-data .logo{padding: 20px 20px 8px 20px;} div.account-data .close-sidebar{float: right;} div.account-data .close-sidebar i{font-size: 20px; color: #999999;cursor: pointer;} div.account-data .actions{padding: 14px 20px 20px 20px;} div.account-data ul{margin: 0px;padding: 0px;} div.account-data ul li{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;border-bottom: 1px solid #999999;width:100%;padding: 12px 10px;list-style: none;} div.account-data ul li:not(:first-child):hover{opacity: 0.5;} div.account-data ul li a:hover{transition: 0.1s; } div.account-data ul li a{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.3px;color: #333;text-transform: uppercase} div.account-data .icon-arrow_forward_ios{float: right;} div.account-data .user-email{padding: 10px 25px 30px 25px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;text-overflow: ellipsis;font-family: 'Utopia Std', Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px;font-weight: 400;color: #000;text-align: center;} div.account-data .user-label{display:block;margin-top: 5px;font-family: 'Roboto'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px;font-weight: 400;color: #000;text-align: center;} div.account-data .packages{padding: 30px 0px 20px 0px;} div.account-data .packages a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;color: #FFFFFF; background-color: #C8102E;padding: 15px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-family:'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif ;width: 100%; text-align: center;display: block;} div.account-data .packages a:hover{opacity: 0.6;} sidebar{position: fixed;overflow-y: scroll; -ms-overflow-style: none; scrollbar-width: none;top:0; left:-320px; background-color: #151515;width: 320px;z-index: 203;height:100%; transition: .5s;} sidebar.active{left:0;} sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar {display: none;} #overlay {position: fixed;display: none; width: 100%; height: 100%; top: 0;left: 0;right: 0;bottom: 0;background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);z-index: 202; cursor: pointer;} #overlay.active{display: block;} sidebar .logo{padding: 20px 20px 15px 20px;position:fixed;width: 320px;background-color: #151515;z-index: 1;} sidebar .logo img{width:165.33px; height: 23.7px;} sidebar .close-sidebar{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;float: right;width:36px;height: 36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: -10px;} sidebar .close-sidebar:hover{background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);} sidebar .close-sidebar i{font-size: 18px; color: #999999;cursor: pointer;} sidebar .extra-height{height: 65px;} sidebar .subscribe-section .subscribe-title{color:#FFF;text-transform: uppercase;margin-bottom: 8px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;} sidebar .subscribe-section .subscribe-btns{display: flex;justify-content: space-between;} sidebar .subscribe-section{padding: 15px 20px 30px 20px;border-bottom: 1px solid #666666;} sidebar .subscribe-section a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;color: #FFFFFF; background-color: #C8102E;padding: 15px 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width: 48%; height: 50px; text-align: center;display: block;text-transform: uppercase} sidebar .subscribe-section a:hover{opacity: 0.6;} sidebar .links-section{padding: 25px 20px 15px 20px;border-bottom: 1px solid #666666;} sidebar .links-section p{margin-top: 20px;padding-left: 10px;} sidebar .links-section p.home-delivery{margin-top: 10px;} sidebar .links-section p a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;text-transform: uppercase;color: #999999;text-decoration: underline;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-weight: 400;} sidebar .links-section p a:hover{color: #FFFFFF;} sidebar .links-section ul{margin: 0px;padding: 0px;} sidebar .links-section ul li{list-style: none;margin-bottom: 5px; background-color: #333333;padding: 10px;cursor: pointer;} sidebar .links-section ul li:hover a{color: #999;} sidebar .links-section ul li a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;text-transform: uppercase;color:#fff;font-family: 'Roboto';font-size: 15px;line-height: 17px; font-weight: 400;display: block;width: 100%;} sidebar .links-section ul li a::before {content: "";width: 6px;height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 8px;display: inline-block; background-color: #C8102E;} sidebar .menu-section{padding: 15px 20px;} sidebar .menu-section ul.sections{margin: 0px;padding: 0px;} sidebar .menu-section ul.sections i{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;color:#666666; font-size: 19px; float: right;cursor: pointer} sidebar .menu-section ul.sections i:hover{color: #FFFFFF;} sidebar .menu-section ul.sections > li{list-style: none;border-bottom: 1px solid #666666;padding: 16px 10px;} sidebar .menu-section ul.sections > li a:hover{color: #999;} sidebar .menu-section ul.sections > li a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;color:#FFFFFF;text-transform: uppercase;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;line-height: 20px;width: 90%;display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;} sidebar .menu-section ul.subsections{margin: 15px 0px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;} sidebar .menu-section ul.subsections li{list-style: none;padding: 10px 15px;} sidebar .menu-section ul.subsections li a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;color:#999999;text-transform: uppercase;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;line-height: 19px;} sidebar .menu-section ul.subsections li a:hover{color:#FFFFFF;opacity: 1;} sidebar .mobile-search-container{display: none;} @media(min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 991px){ header .hot-topics a{padding: 4px 9px;} } @media(max-width: 768px){ sidebar{width: 90%;left: -90%;} sidebar .logo{width:90%;} div.account-data{width: 90%;right: -90%;} sidebar .mobile-search-container{display: block;margin-top: 15px;} sidebar .mobile-search-container form{border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; width:100%; background-color: #FFFFFF;display:flex;padding: 6px;border-radius: 23px;} sidebar .mobile-search-container form i{font-size: 18px;color:#000000;} sidebar .mobile-search-container .form-field::placeholder, sidebar .mobile-search-container .form-field::-webkit-input-placeholder, sidebar .mobile-search-container .form-field:-ms-input-placeholder, sidebar .mobile-search-container .form-field::-moz-placeholder, sidebar .mobile-search-container .form-field:-moz-placeholder{ font-family: 'Roboto'; } sidebar .mobile-search-container .form-field{border:none;width:90%;font-size: 12px;padding-left: 10px; font-family: 'Roboto'} sidebar .mobile-search-container .form-field:focus{border:none;outline:none;} sidebar .mobile-search-container .btn-submit{border:none;background-color: #FFFFFF;} header{margin-bottom: 20px;} header .header-ad .tableCenter{min-width:320px;min-height: auto;margin:auto;} header .hot-topics{display: none;} header .header-ad.not-home-page{background-color: #F7F7F7;border-bottom: none;} header .sticky-menu{border-bottom: none;} header .header-content .right-col{width: 15%} header .header-content .middle-col{width: 68%} header .header-content .left-col{width: 15%} header .header-content .left-col .burger-menu{margin-left: 7px;height: unset;width: unset;} header .header-content .left-col .search-open{display: none;} header .header-content .left-col .weather{display: none;} header .header-content .middle-col .today-date{display: none;} header .header-content .middle-col .logo img{width: 160px;height:22px;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img{width: 160px;height:22px;} .BoilingStyle header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img, .BoilingStyle header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img{width: 160px;height:28px;} header .header-content .middle-col .slogan img{width: 40%;} header .header-content .middle-col .logo{margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: -6px;} header .header-content{padding-bottom: 9px;padding-top: 3px;} header .organization_name.hidden-mobile{display: none;} header .organization_name.hidden-desktop{display: flex;background-color: #ddd;padding: 7px 0px;align-items: center;justify-content: center;} header .mobile-spacing{display: block;height: 7px;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.login{height: unset;width: unset;margin-right: 0px;} header .header-content .right-col .subscribe{display: none;} header .header-content .right-col .login i{font-size: 19px;} header .header-content .right-col .login img{margin-right: 4px;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.my-account_info{height: unset;width: unset;margin-right: 0px;} header .header-content .right-col .my-account_info img{margin-top: -4px;margin-right: 0px;} header .mobile-date{display:block; text-align: center; background-color: #EFEFEF; text-transform: uppercase;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular';font-size: 10px;line-height: 12px;font-weight: 400;color:#000000;padding: 6px;} header .mobile-date a{color:#000000;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content{padding-bottom: 10px;padding-top: 1px;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .mobile-spacing, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .mobile-spacing{height: 12px;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo{margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col{display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.login:hover{background-color: transparent;} header.not-home-header{margin-bottom: 30px;} header.not-home-header .mobile-date{display: none;} } </style> <header class="not-home-header no-print"> <div class="sticky-menu always-visible"> <div class="header-content"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 organization_name hidden hidden-desktop"></div> <div class="mobile-spacing">&nbsp;</div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 left-col"> <div class="burger-menu" onclick="toggleSidebar()"> <img src="/theme_japantimes/images/burger_icon.svg" alt="Menu" /> </div> <div class="search-open"> <img src="/theme_japantimes/images/search_icon.svg" alt="Search" /> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 middle-col"> <div class="logo"> <a href='/' title="The Japan Times"> <img src="/theme_japantimes/images/logo.svg" alt="The Japan Times" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 right-col"> <ul id="user_account_header"> <li class="subscribe subscribe_info hidden"> <a href="/sub/" title="Subscribe" id="m_piano-register-button">Subscribe <i class="icon-chevron-down"></i></a> <div class="dropdown-content"> <a href="/sub/" id="header-subscribe-btn-d" title="Digital Subscribe">Digital</a> <a href="/sub/print/" id="header-subscribe-btn-p" title="Print Subscribe">Print</a> </div> </li> <li class="login login_info hidden"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="piano-login-button" title="Login"> <img src="/theme_japantimes/images/user_icon.svg" alt="Login" height="20" width="19" /> </a> </li> <li class="my-account_info hidden" onclick="toggleAccountInfo()"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/loggedin_icon.svg" height="30" width="30" alt="My Account" /></li> </ul> <div class="organization_name hidden hidden-mobile"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search-container"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <form class="holder-search" method="GET" action="/search" id="headerSearchForm"> <input class="form-field" type="text" placeholder="Search" name="query" autocomplete="off" id="query" required> <button class="btn-submit" type="submit"><span class="search" id="toggleSearch"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/search_icon.svg" alt="Search" /></span></button> </form> <div class="close-form"><i class="icon-close"></i></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="adjust-space">&nbsp;</div> <div class="header-ad DisplayAd not-home-page"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="tableCenter" id="header_ad_id"> <div id="" class="get_ad"> <script> var id_map = { "mobile": "div-gpt-ad-1362126290726-1", "tablet": "div-gpt-ad-1362125825102-1", "desktop": "div-gpt-ad-1362125114269-1" } var header_ad_id = id_map[deviceType] || id_map["mobile"]; jQuery('#header_ad_id .get_ad').attr('id', header_ad_id); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display(header_ad_id); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-date"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"><a href="/archive/2024/11/25/" title="archive page">November 25, 2024</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="overlay"></div> <sidebar class="no-print"> <div class="logo"> <a href="/" title="The Japan Times"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/logo-white-2.png" alt="The Japan Times"> </a> <div class="close-sidebar" onclick="toggleSidebar()"><i class="icon-close"></i></div> </div> <div class="extra-height">&nbsp;</div> <div class="subscribe-section"> <div class="subscribe-info-btns"> <p class="subscribe-title">Subscribe</p> <div class="subscribe-btns"> <a href="/sub/" id="hb-subscribe-btn-d" title="Digital Subscribe">Digital</a> <a href="/sub/print/" id="hb-subscribe-btn-p" title="Print Subscribe">Print</a> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-search-container"> <form class="holder-search" method="GET" action="/search" id="headerSearchForm"> <input class="form-field" type="text" placeholder="Search" name="query" autocomplete="off" id="query" required> <button class="btn-submit" type="submit"><span class="search" id="toggleSearch"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/search_icon.svg" alt="Search" width="16.5" height="16.5" /></span></button> </form> </div> </div> <div class="links-section"> <ul> <li><a href="/tag/yen/" title="Yen">Yen</a></li> <li><a href="/trending/" title="Japan tax cuts">Japan tax cuts</a></li> <li><a href="/tag/russia-ukraine-war/" title="Russia-Ukraine war">Russia-Ukraine war</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/latest-news/" title="Latest News">Latest News</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/deep-dive/" title="Deep Dive">Deep Dive</a></li> </ul> <p class="todays_print_edition_header"><a href="https://epaper.japantimes.co.jp/" title="Today's Print Edition" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Today's print edition</a></p> <p class="home-delivery"><a href="/sub/print/" title="HOME DELIVERY">Home Delivery</a></p> </div> <div class="menu-section"> <ul class="sections"> <li class="section-item" id="97"> <a href="/news/japan/" title="JAPAN">JAPAN</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-97"> <li><a href="/news/japan/politics/" title="Politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/news/japan/society/" title="Society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/news/japan/crime-legal/" title="Crime &amp; Legal">Crime &amp; Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/news/japan/science-health/" title="Science &amp; Health">Science &amp; Health</a></li> <li><a href="/news/japan/explainer/" title="Explainer">Explainer</a></li> <li><a href="/news/japan/history/" title="History">History</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="109"> <a href="/news/world/" title="WORLD">WORLD</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-109"> <li><a href="/news/world/politics/" title="Politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/news/world/crime-legal/" title="Crime &amp; Legal">Crime &amp; Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/news/world/science-health/" title="Science &amp; Health">Science &amp; Health</a></li> <li><a href="/news/world/society/" title="Society">Society</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="114"> <a href="/news/asia-pacific/" title="ASIA PACIFIC">ASIA PACIFIC</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-114"> <li><a href="/news/asia-pacific/politics/" title="Politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/news/asia-pacific/crime-legal/" title="Crime &amp; Legal">Crime &amp; Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/news/asia-pacific/science-health/" title="Science &amp; Health">Science &amp; Health</a></li> <li><a href="/news/asia-pacific/society/" title="Society">Society</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="120"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-120"> <li><a href="/business/companies/" title="Companies">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/business/economy/" title="Economy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/business/markets/" title="Markets">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/business/tech/" title="Tech">Tech</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="187"> <a href="/sports/" title="SPORTS">SPORTS</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-187"> <li><a href="/sports/sumo/" title="Sumo">Sumo</a></li> <li><a href="/sports/soccer/" title="Soccer">Soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/sports/baseball/" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/sports/basketball/" title="Basketball">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/sports/tennis/" title="Tennis">Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/sports/olympics/" title="Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/sports/more-sports/" title="More sports">More sports</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="147"> <a href="/opinion/" title="OPINION">OPINION</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-147"> <li><a href="/opinion/editorials/" title="Editorials">Editorials</a></li> <li><a href="/opinion/commentary/" title="Commentary">Commentary</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="210"> <a href="/environment/" title="Environment">Environment</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-210"> <li><a href="/environment/climate-change/" title="CLIMATE CHANGE">CLIMATE CHANGE</a></li> <li><a href="/environment/energy/" title="Energy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/environment/sustainability/" title="SUSTAINABILITY">SUSTAINABILITY</a></li> <li><a href="/environment/wildlife/" title="WILDLIFE">WILDLIFE</a></li> <li><a href="/environment/earth-science/" title="EARTH SCIENCE">EARTH SCIENCE</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="152"> <a href="/life/" title="LIFE">LIFE</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-152"> <li><a href="/life/travel/" title="Travel">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/life/digital/" title="Digital">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/life/food-drink/" title="Food &amp; Drink">Food &amp; Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/life/style-design/" title="Style &amp; Design">Style &amp; Design</a></li> <li><a href="/life/language/" title="Language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/life/lifestyle/" title="Lifestyle">Lifestyle</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="134"> <a href="/culture/" title="CULTURE">CULTURE</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-134"> <li><a href="/culture/film/" title="Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/culture/books/" title="Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/culture/music/" title="Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/culture/art/" title="Art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/culture/tv-streaming/" title="TV &amp; Streaming">TV &amp; Streaming</a></li> <li><a href="/culture/stage/" title="Stage">Stage</a></li> <li><a href="/culture/entertainment-news/" title="Entertainment news">Entertainment news</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="163"> <a href="/community/" title="COMMUNITY">COMMUNITY</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-163"> <li><a href="/community/voices/" title="Voices">Voices</a></li> <li><a href="/community/issues/" title="Issues">Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/community/how-tos/" title="How-tos">How-tos</a></li> <li><a href="/community/our-lives/" title="Our Lives">Our Lives</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </sidebar> <div class="account-data no-print"> <div class="logo"> <div class="close-sidebar" onclick="toggleAccountInfo()"><i class="icon-close"></i></div> </div> <div class="actions"> <ul> <li class="user-email"></li> <li><a href="/my-account/" title="My Account">My Account <i class="icon-arrow_forward_ios"></i></a></li> <li><a href="/bookmark-articles/" title="My Bookmarks">My Bookmarks</a></li> <li class="piano-myaccount-logout-button"><a id="piano-logout-button" href="javascript:void(0)" title="Logout" style="padding:unset !important;background-color: transparent !important;">Logout <i class="icon-arrow_forward_ios"></i></a></li> </ul> <div class="packages"><a href="/sub/" title="Subscribe for more access">Subscribe for more access</a></div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { if ($('header .adjust-space').length) { var headerHeight = $('header.not-home-header .always-visible').height(); $('header .adjust-space').css('height', headerHeight + 'px'); } $("header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info").on({ mouseenter: function () { $('i', $(this)).removeClass('icon-chevron-down').addClass('icon-chevron-up'); }, mouseleave: function () { $('i', $(this)).removeClass('icon-chevron-up').addClass('icon-chevron-down'); } }); }); $(window).on('scroll', function() { var height = $(window).scrollTop(); var topHeight = $('header').outerHeight() - 20; // for home page if (height > topHeight) { $("header .sticky-menu").addClass("visible"); $("header .search-container").addClass("sticky-search"); } else { $("header .sticky-menu").removeClass("visible"); $("header .search-container").removeClass("sticky-search"); } }); $('header .search-open').on('click', function() { $('header .search-container').toggleClass('show'); }); $('header .close-form').on('click', function() { $('header .search-container').removeClass('show'); }); $('#overlay').on('click', function() { // alert('hello'); $('html').removeClass("hidden-body"); if ($('sidebar').hasClass('active')) { $('sidebar').removeClass('active') } if ($("div.account-data").hasClass('active')) { $("div.account-data").removeClass('active') } $("#overlay").toggleClass("active"); }); $('li.section-item .action-icon').on('click', function(e) { var parentItem = $(this).closest('li[class^="section-item"]'); if (!$(e.target).closest('.subsections').length) { e.preventDefault(); $('.subsections').slideUp(); $('.subsections').addClass('hidden'); $('.section-item i').addClass('icon-chevron-down').removeClass('icon-chevron-up'); if (!parentItem.hasClass('active')) { if(parentItem.children('i').hasClass('icon-chevron-down')){ parentItem.children('i').removeClass('icon-chevron-down').addClass('icon-chevron-up'); }else{ parentItem.children('i').addClass('icon-chevron-down').removeClass('icon-chevron-up'); } parentItem.children('.subsections').removeClass('hidden'); parentItem.children('.subsections').slideDown(); } } parentItem.toggleClass('active'); }); function toggleSidebar() { $("sidebar").toggleClass("active"); $("#overlay").toggleClass("active"); if ($("sidebar").hasClass('active')) { $('html').addClass("hidden-body"); } else { $('html').removeClass("hidden-body"); } } function toggleAccountInfo() { $("div.account-data").toggleClass("active"); $("#overlay").toggleClass("active"); if ($("div.account-data").hasClass('active')) { $('html').addClass("hidden-body"); } else { $('html').removeClass("hidden-body"); } } </script> <main class="article-page "> <!-- with_container --> <div hidden id="page_info" data-np_page_id="59" data-is_home_page="0" data-is_article_page="1" data-page_title="article"> </div> <script> var article_info = {"cms_article_id":618714,"is_old_article":0} ; </script> <div id="article_info" data-cms_article_id="618714" data-article_url="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/21/companies/tokyo-metro-london-elizabeth-line/" data-article_title="Tokyo Metro’s overseas efforts begin in earnest with London deal" ></div> <div class="container "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 noPadding col-xs-12"> <!--jt-top-article-details.blade.php--> <style> .jt-top-article-details .article-print-logo{display: none;} .jt-top-article-details .article-section{text-transform: uppercase;margin: 10px 0 5px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;color:#c8102e;} .jt-top-article-details .article-section h2{margin: 0px;} .jt-top-article-details .article-section a{color:#C8102E;} .jt-top-article-details .separator{color:#333;font-family: 'Neue Bold';font-size: 11px;line-height: 14px;} .jt-top-article-details .premium-label{background-color:#898989;color:#FFF;font-size: 9px;line-height:24px;padding: 1px 9px;margin-left:5px;font-weight:200;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif!important} .jt-top-article-details h1.title-article{margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 2px;font-family: Utopia Std Semi Bold, Georgia, serif;font-size: 42px; line-height: 46px;color:#151515;} .jt-top-article-details h3.subtitle-article{ color: #666;font-family: Roboto, Light;font-size: 18px;font-weight: 300;line-height: 24px;} .jt-top-article-details h3.article-kicker{margin-top: 10px;font-family: 'Roboto'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;color:#666666;margin-bottom: 0px;font-weight: 400;} @media(max-width: 768px){ .jt-top-article-details h1.title-article{font-size: 30px;line-height: 32px;margin-top: 2px;} .jt-top-article-details h3.subtitle-article{font-size: 16px;line-height: 22px;} .jt-top-article-details .col-md-8{padding-left: 15px;} .jt-top-article-details .article-section{margin-bottom: 15px;} } </style> <div class="jt-top-article-details paddingDefault " data-widget-id="582"> <div class="row article-print-logo"> <img src="/theme_japantimes/images/logo-with-slogan.svg" alt="The Japan Times" /> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <input type="hidden" id="cms_article_id" value="618714" /> <input type="hidden" id="article_origin" value="japantimes-newspublish" /> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/business/companies/" title="Companies">Companies</a> </div> <h1 class="title-article">Tokyo Metro’s overseas efforts begin in earnest with London deal</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-xs-12"> <!--jt-article-details.blade.php--> <style> .jt-article-details{margin-top:30px}.jt-article-details .podcast-banner{max-width:100%}.jt-article-details .article-image-gallery{margin-bottom:20px}.jt-article-details .article-info{width:600px;margin:0 auto}.jt-article-details .article-body div,.jt-article-details iframe{max-width:100%}.jt-article-details .article-body iframe:not(.archive-iframe){width:100%;aspect-ratio:16 / 9}.jt-article-details .jt_content_ad{float:none;clear:both;margin:0 auto;text-align:center}.jt_content_ad div:before{content:'ADVERTISEMENT';display:block;color:grey;font-size:.6875rem;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-align:center;border-bottom:solid .5px #ccc;margin-bottom:10px}.jt_content_ad div:after{content:'';color:grey;display:block;border-bottom:solid .5px #ccc;padding-bottom:10px}.jt-article-details .article-body{font-family:Utopia Std,Georgia,"Hiragino Mincho Pro","Hiragino Mincho",serif;font-weight:200;font-size:20px;line-height:32px;color:#333}.jt-article-details .article-body span.dateline{font-size:14px;line-height:14px;font-weight:400;color:#333;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Pluto Sans Bold','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.jt-article-details .article-body p{margin-bottom:18px}.jt-article-details.old-article .article-body br{display:block;content:"";height:1px;width:100%;margin-bottom:18px}.jt-article-details .article-body b,.jt-article-details .article-body strong,.jt-article-details .article-body h1,.jt-article-details .article-body h2,.jt-article-details .article-body h3,.jt-article-details .article-body h4,.jt-article-details .article-body h5,.jt-article-details .article-body h6{font-family:'Utopia Std Semi Bold',Georgia,serif}.jt-article-details.old-article .article-body h3{font-size:28px}.jt-article-details .article-body p:first-of-type{display:inline}.jt-article-details .article-body p:first-of-type:after{content:'';height:18px;width:100%;display:block}.jt-article-details .article-body img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.jt-article-details .article-body .article-single-image{max-width:85%}.jt-article-details .article-body hr{display:block;padding:0;height:1px;border:0;border-top:3px solid #eae9e0;margin:1.25em auto;text-align:center;position:relative}.jt-article-details .article-body .align_right{float:right;padding-left:20px;padding-top:10px}.jt-article-details .article-body .align_left{float:left;padding-right:20px;padding-top:10px}.jt-article-details .article-body .thumbnail-200x200{max-width:200px}.jt-article-details .article-body .nomura_logo{clear:both;width:120px;margin-right:80px!important;margin-top:0!important}.jt-article-details .article-body .ross_mug{margin-bottom:0!important;margin-top:14px}.jt-article-details .article-body .medium{max-width:310px}.jt-article-details .article-body figure.inline_image{margin:10px 0}.jt-article-details .article-body figure.inline_image figcaption,.jt-article-details .article-body .imgCaption,.jt-article-details .article-body .imgCaption .imageCaption-text{color:#666;font-family:Roboto,Light;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;font-weight:200;padding-top:5px}.jt-article-details .article-body p.jt_bio,.jt-article-details .article-body div.jt_bio{font-style:italic;display:block;border-top:3px solid #c8102e;border-bottom:3px solid #c8102e;margin-bottom:30px;margin-top:6px;padding:18px 25px}.jt-article-details .image-credit{text-transform:uppercase}.jt-article-details .article-body a,.jt-article-details .article-body a u{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#c8102e;text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#000}.jt-article-details .article-body a:hover{text-decoration:none;color:#c8102e}.jt-article-details .article-image-gallery img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block;margin:0 auto}.jt-article-details.photo-essay-article .article-image-gallery img{width:100%}.jt-article-details .article-image-gallery .imgCaption,.jt-article-details .article-image-gallery .imgCaption .imgCaption-text{margin-top:10px;color:#666;font-family:Roboto,Light;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;font-weight:200}.jt-article-details .details{margin:20px auto;display:flex}.jt-article-details .details .byline{width:50%;text-align:left;color:#000;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Pluto Sans Bold','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:14px;padding-top:5px}.jt-article-details .details .byline .credit{color:#999;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif!important}.jt-article-details .details .byline a{color:#000}.jt-article-details .details .publish-date{color:#999;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:13px;letter-spacing:-0.33px;padding-top:4px}.jt-article-details .details .share a{color:#999;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px}.jt-article-details .details .share i{margin-right:5px}.jt-article-details .article-tags{padding:20px;background-color:#f7f7f7;margin:30px auto}.jt-article-details .article-tags h3{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:7px;color:#666;font-family:'Pluto Sans Bold','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:14.4px;font-weight:700}.jt-article-details .article-tags a{font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#898989;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;font-weight:200;text-transform:uppercase}.jt-article-details .article-tags a:hover{color:#333}.jt-article-details .article-tags .tag-link{display:none}.jt-article-details .subscribe{margin:50px 0 18px;padding:50px 0;border-top:1px solid #ddd}.jt-article-details .subscribe p{font-family:'Utopia Std',Georgia,"Hiragino Mincho Pro","Hiragino Mincho",serif;font-size:19px;line-height:25px;font-weight:200;color:#333;text-align:center}.jt-article-details .subscribe a{background-color:#c8102e;border-radius:3px;color:#fff!important;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-family:'Pluto Sans Bold','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:24px;font-weight:600;height:40px;width:280px;margin:28px auto 0;text-decoration:none!important}.jt-article-details .speechkit-io-iframe{display:block!important}.speechkit-sidebar__status--failed .components-panel__body-toggle.components-button,.speechkit-sidebar__status--error .components-panel__body-toggle.components-button,.speechkit-sidebar__status--payment-required .components-panel__body-toggle.components-button{color:red}.speechkit-sidebar__post-status-description--failed,.speechkit-sidebar__post-status-description--error,.speechkit-sidebar__post-status-description--payment-required{color:red}.speechkit .components-button.is-secondary .dashicon{margin-right:5px}.jt-article-details .audio-player{margin-bottom:20px;background-color:#f7f7f7;padding-top:5px;position:relative}.jt-article-details .share-bottom ul{padding:0;margin:10px 0 0 0;display:flex}.jt-article-details .share-bottom ul li{list-style:none;margin-right:15px}.jt-article-details .share-bottom ul .bookmark .bookmark-icon:not(.bookmark-checked){width:35px;height:35px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background-color:#808080}.jt-article-details .share-bottom ul li a:not(.bookmark-checked){width:35px;height:35px;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.jt-article-details .share-bottom ul li i{color:#fff;font-size:20px}.jt-article-details .share-bottom li.twitter{background-color:#000}.jt-article-details .share-bottom li.facebook{background-color:#3b5998}.jt-article-details .share-bottom li.linkedin{background-color:#0e76a8}.jt-article-details .share-bottom li.bookmark-icon{width:35px;height:35px}.jt-article-details .share-bottom li.bookmark{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;width:100%}.jt-article-details .bookmark-icon{cursor:pointer}.jt-article-details .bookmark-icon img{margin-right:4px}.jt-article-details .bookmark-icon.bookmark-checked{fill:#c3251d;stroke:#fff;background-color:#c3251d;color:#FFF;font-size:11px}.jt-article-details #article-thumbs{margin-bottom:35px}.jt-article-details #article-thumbs img{width:92px;height:92px;opacity:.5}.jt-article-details #article-thumbs img:hover{opacity:1}.jt-article-details #article-thumbs .layout-ratio{padding-bottom:100%;width:96px}.jt-article-details .owl-prev,.jt-article-details .owl-next{position:absolute;top:15%;width:26px;height:26px;background-color:#c8102e;border-radius:100%;border:1px solid #FFF;display:flex!important;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:pointer}.jt-article-details .owl-prev span,.jt-article-details .owl-next span{font-size:14px;color:#FFF}.jt-article-details .owl-prev{left:15px}.jt-article-details .owl-next{right:15px}.jt-article-details .owl-prev.disabled,.jt-article-details .owl-next.disabled{display:none!important}.jt-article-details .blurred-text{position:relative}.jt-article-details .blurred-text-gradient{position:absolute;bottom:0;height:95px;width:100%;content:"";background:linear-gradient(360deg,rgb(255,255,255,0.8),rgba(255,255,255,0.9),transparent,transparent)}.jt-article-details .blocker{margin-bottom:20px;color:#333;margin-top:45px}.jt-article-details.photo-essay-article .blocker{max-width:600px;margin:45px auto 20px auto}.jt-article-details .details .info{width:50%;text-align:right;display:flex;justify-content:end;align-items:start}.jt-article-details .details .info .share{padding-right:10px}.jt-article-details .dropbtn{color:#fff;font-size:16px;border:0}.jt-article-details .dropdown{position:relative;display:inline-block}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content{display:none;text-align:start;position:absolute;background-color:#fff;min-width:160px;box-shadow:0 8px 16px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2);z-index:1}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a{color:#999;padding:5px 10px;text-decoration:none;display:block;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:300;display:flex;align-items:center}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content i{margin-right:5px}.jt-article-details .dropdown:hover .dropdown-content{display:block}.jt-article-details .dropdown:hover .dropbtn a{color:#c8102e}.jt-article-details .dropdown .icon-twitter-square{color:#1dcaff;font-size:22px}.jt-article-details .dropdown .icon-facebook-square{color:#3b5998;font-size:22px}.jt-article-details .dropdown .icon-linkedin{color:#0e76a8;font-size:20px}.jt-article-details .dropdown .icon-envelope{color:#ff7400;font-size:18px}.jt-article-details .dropdown .icon-printer{color:#888;font-size:18px}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover{color:white}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content span:hover{color:white}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:nth-child(1) i{background-color:#000;padding:3px;border-radius:4px}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover:nth-child(1){background-color:#000}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover:nth-child(1) i{color:#FFF}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover:nth-child(2){background-color:#3b5998}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover:nth-child(2) i{color:#FFF}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover:nth-child(3){background-color:#0e76a8}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover:nth-child(3) i{color:#FFF}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover:nth-child(4){background-color:#ff7400}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover:nth-child(4) i{color:#FFF}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover:nth-child(5){background-color:#888}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover:nth-child(5) i{color:#FFF}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover:nth-child(6){background-color:#888}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover:nth-child(6) i{color:#FFF}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover:nth-child(7){background-color:#888}.jt-article-details .dropdown-content a:hover:nth-child(7) i{color:#FFF}.jt-article-details aside{margin:15px 0}.jt-article-details aside .related-title{display:flex;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Pluto Sans Bold','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:15px}.jt-article-details aside .related-title:before,.jt-article-details aside .related-title:after{color:#eae9e0;content:'';flex:1;border-bottom:solid 3px;margin:auto 10px auto 0}.jt-article-details aside .related-title:after{margin:auto 0 auto 10px}.jt-article-details aside ul{padding:0;margin:24px 0}.jt-article-details aside ul li{margin-bottom:5px;padding:0;list-style:none}.jt-article-details aside ul li a{font-family:'Utopia Std',Georgia,"Hiragino Mincho Pro","Hiragino Mincho",serif;font-size:17px;line-height:22px;font-weight:200;color:#333;text-decoration-thickness:1px}.jt-article-details aside ul li:before{color:#c8102e;content:"•";float:left;padding-right:.3125em}.jt-article-details .jt_filmbox{width:100%;border-top:3px solid #c8102e;border-bottom:3px solid #c8102e;padding:10px 0 0 0}.jt-article-details .jt_filmbox.left-aligned-filmbox{width:48%;float:left;margin-right:10px}.jt-article-details .jt_filmbox table{margin-bottom:15px;width:100%;border-top:1px solid #999}.jt-article-details .jt_filmbox caption{padding:22px 0;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Pluto Sans Bold','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#c8102e;font-size:18px;line-height:16px}.jt-article-details .jt_filmbox caption span.japanese-title{display:block;margin-top:8px}.jt-article-details .jt_filmbox tr{text-align:left;border-left:1px solid #999;border-color:#FFF;background-color:#efefef}.jt-article-details .jt_filmbox th{padding:5px 6px;font-family:'Pluto Sans Bold','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#333;font-size:12px;line-height:22px;width:32%;text-align:left;border-top:0;border-color:#FFF;background-color:#efefef}.jt-article-details .jt_filmbox td{padding:5px 6px;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#333;font-size:12px;line-height:22px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;border-color:#FFF;background-color:#efefef}.jt-article-details .article-body .jt_book,.jt-article-details .article-body code{border-top:3px solid #c8102e;border-bottom:3px solid #c8102e;background:#fff;font-family:'Utopia Std Semi Bold',Georgia,serif;padding:19px 26px;font-style:italic;font-size:21px;line-height:28px;width:48.3%;float:left;margin:7px 19px 19px 0}.jt-article-details .article-body .jt_book .rating span,.jt-article-details .article-body code .rating span{float:left}.jt-article-details .article-body .jt_book br,.jt-article-details .article-body code br{margin-bottom:0}.jt-article-details .article-body .jt_book caption{text-align:center!important}.jt-article-details kbd{color:#666;font-family:Roboto,Light;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;font-weight:200;margin-top:-16px;display:block}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_publish_date{text-align:right;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:200;font-size:12px;line-height:24px;color:#333}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header{display:flex;border-top:2px solid #898989;padding-top:16px}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header .jnu_profile{width:70%;padding-right:20px}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header .jnu_profile h1{margin:0 0 10px 0;padding:0 5px 15px 5px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;font-family:'Utopia Std Semi Bold',Georgia,serif;color:#000;font-size:24px;line-height:27px}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header .jnu_profile dl{padding:7px 7px 10px 7px;margin:0;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header .jnu_profile dt{font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:24px;color:#666}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header .jnu_profile dd{margin-left:0;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:24px;color:#333}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header .jnu_profile dl a{font-size:11px;line-height:24px;color:#898989}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header .jnu_data{padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;font-family:'Pluto Sans Bold','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:22px;color:#333}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header .jnu_data span{padding:7px;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header .jnu_image{width:30%}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header .jnu_image .layout-ratio{padding-bottom:95%}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header .jnu_image img{width:100%}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_questions{width:600px;margin:40px auto 30px auto}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .question{font-family:'Utopia Std Semi Bold',Georgia,serif;font-size:18px;line-height:24px;color:#333}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .answer{margin:12px 0 32px 0;font-family:'Utopia Std',Georgia,"Hiragino Mincho Pro","Hiragino Mincho",serif;font-size:18px;line-height:27px;color:#333}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_update_date{text-align:right;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:200;font-size:12px;line-height:24px;color:#333}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .curriculum_web{background-color:#efefef;margin:18px 0;padding:11px 17px;text-align:center}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .curriculum_web a{text-decoration-color:#c8102e;font-family:'Pluto Sans Bold','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:15px;line-height:18px;color:#333}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .curriculum_web a:hover{color:#c8102e}.jt-article-details .jnu-social-share{margin:23px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.jt-article-details .jnu-social-share ul{padding:0;margin:10px 0 0 0;display:flex}.jt-article-details .jnu-social-share ul li{list-style:none;margin-right:15px}.jt-article-details .jnu-social-share ul li a{background-color:#74bc45;border-radius:100%;width:35px;height:35px;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.jt-article-details .jnu-social-share ul li i{color:#fff;font-size:20px}.jt-article-details .jnu-social-share ul li.twitter a:hover{background-color:#000}.jt-article-details .jnu-social-share ul li.facebook a:hover{background-color:#293d6e}.jt-article-details .jnu-social-share ul li.linkedin a:hover{background-color:#00649c}.jt-article-details .jnu-social-share ul li.email a:hover{background-color:#00649c}@media(max-width:768px){.jt-article-details .article-body{font-size:18px;line-height:30px;padding:5px 6px 0}.jt-article-details .article-body p{margin-bottom:20px}.jt-article-details .article-body .align_right{float:none;padding:0;margin:10px auto!important}.jt-article-details .article-body .align_left{float:none;padding:0;margin:10px auto!important}.jt-article-details .jt_filmbox.left-aligned-filmbox{width:100%;float:none}.jt-article-details.old-article .article-body br{margin-bottom:20px}.jt-article-details .article-body p:first-of-type:after{height:20px}.jt-article-details .article-body .article-single-image{max-width:500px}.jt-article-details .article-info{width:100%}.jt-article-details .details{display:block}.jt-article-details .details .byline{width:100%}.jt-article-details .details .info{width:100%;justify-content:start;padding:5px 6px 0;margin:0}.pwa-page .jt-article-details .details .info{justify-content:space-between}.jt-article-details .article-image-gallery{margin-left:-8px;margin-right:-8px}.jt-article-details .article-image-gallery .imgCaption{padding:5px 14px 0}.jt-article-details .details .byline{padding:5px 6px 0}.jt-article-details .dropbtn{padding:0 6px 0 0}.jt-article-details .audio-player{margin:0 8px 30px 8px}.jt-article-details aside ul li a{font-size:19px}.jt-article-details #article-thumbs{margin-bottom:30px}.jt-article-details #article-thumbs img{opacity:1}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header{display:block}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header .jnu_profile{width:100%}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_header .jnu_image{width:100%;margin-top:10px}.jt-article-details .jnu-article .jnu_questions{width:100%}.jt-article-details .article-body .jt_book,.jt-article-details .article-body code{width:100%}}.jt-article-details.photo-essay-article .article-info{width:100%}.jt-article-details.photo-essay-article .article-body .article-single-image{max-width:100%}.jt-article-details.photo-essay-article .article-body img{width:100%}@media(min-width:1000px){.jt-article-details.photo-essay-article .article-body .article-single-image{max-width:1000px}} </style> <div class="jt-article-details " data-widget-id="583"> <input type="hidden" id="cms_article_id" value="618714" /> <input type="hidden" id="bw_article_id" value="jt_131703" /> <input type="hidden" id="is_old_article" value="0" /> <input type="hidden" id="debug_audio" value="{&quot;code&quot;:422,&quot;message&quot;:&quot;Invalid request body&quot;,&quot;errors&quot;:[{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;source_id&quot;,&quot;message&quot;:&quot;has already been taken&quot;}]}" /> <div class="article-image-gallery"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435508.jpg" class="fresco" data-fresco-group="inline_images" data-fresco-caption="Tokyo Metro will soon have a role in the running of London's Elizabeth Line, a major train route serving the U.K.’s capital city and environs. | GETTY IMAGES" data-fresco-group-options="ui: 'inside'"> <!--article_images.blade.php--> <div class=""> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435508.jpg?v=3.1&w=1000&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435508.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435508.jpg?v=3.1&w=1000&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435508.jpg?v=3.1&w=1000&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Tokyo Metro will soon have a role in the running of London&#039;s Elizabeth Line, a major train route serving the U.K.’s capital city and environs." title="Tokyo Metro will soon have a role in the running of London&#039;s Elizabeth Line, a major train route serving the U.K.’s capital city and environs." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> <div class="imgCaption"> <span class="imgCaption-text">Tokyo Metro will soon have a role in the running of London's Elizabeth Line, a major train route serving the U.K.’s capital city and environs. </span> | <span class="image-credit"> Getty images</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-info"> <div class="details"> <div class="byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/142/kazuaki-nagata/" title="Kazuaki Nagata">Kazuaki Nagata</a><br/> <span class="credit">STAFF WRITER</span> </div> <div class="info"> <div class="dropdown no-print"> <div class="share dropbtn"><a><i class="icon-share"></i> SHARE/SAVE </a></div> <div class="dropdown-content"> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Tokyo Metro&rsquo;s overseas efforts begin in earnest with London deal https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/21/companies/tokyo-metro-london-elizabeth-line/" target="_blank" title="Twitter"><i class="icon-x"></i><span>Twitter</span></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/21/companies/tokyo-metro-london-elizabeth-line/" target="_blank" title="Facebook"><i class="icon-facebook-square"></i><span>Facebook</span></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/21/companies/tokyo-metro-london-elizabeth-line/&title=Tokyo Metro’s overseas efforts begin in earnest with London deal" target="_blank" title="Linkedin"><i class="icon-linkedin"></i><span>LinkedIn</span></a> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/redirect-email?subject=Tokyo+Metro%E2%80%99s+overseas+efforts+begin+in+earnest+with+London+deal&amp;body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fbusiness%2F2024%2F11%2F21%2Fcompanies%2Ftokyo-metro-london-elizabeth-line%2F" class="email" target="_blank" title="Send Article by Email"> <i class="icon-envelope"></i> Email </a> <a href=""onclick="window.print();return false;"><i class="icon-printer"></i>Print</a> <a class="bookmark-icon" title="Bookmark story" data-cms_article_id="618714" data-isBookmarked="0"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/bookmark-icon.svg" alt="Bookmark story" /> <span>Bookmark story</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="publish-date">Nov 21, 2024</div> </div> </div> <div class="audio-player hidden no-print"> <script async defer src="https://proxy.beyondwords.io/npm/@beyondwords/player@latest/dist/umd.js" onload="new BeyondWords.Player({ target: this, projectId: 7914, sourceUrl: 'https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/21/companies/tokyo-metro-london-elizabeth-line/', highlightColor: '#EEEEEE', clickableSections: 'none', })"> </script> </div> <div id="jtarticle"> <div class="article-body blurred-text"> <p>A consortium that includes Tokyo Metro will be awarded a contract to operate London’s Elizabeth Line, a major train route serving the country’s capital city and environs.</p><p>It is the first overseas deal involving actual line operations for newly listed Tokyo Metro and could help address concerns about the growth potential of a passenger rail business in depopulating Japan.<div class='jt_content_ad DisplayAd' id='div-gpt-ad-1499653692894-0'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1499653692894-0'); });</script></div></p><p>“In my opinion, expanding into overseas markets is a positive thing,” said Kazuta Fukushima, a senior research officer at Sompo Institute Plus, a Tokyo-based think tank.</p> <div class="blurred-text-gradient"></div> </div> </div> <div class="blocker"></div> </div> <div class="article-info"> <div class="ajax_article_info"> </div> <div class="share-bottom no-print"> <ul> <li class="twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Tokyo Metro&rsquo;s overseas efforts begin in earnest with London deal https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/21/companies/tokyo-metro-london-elizabeth-line/" target="_blank" title="Twitter"><i class="icon-x"></i></a></li> <li class="facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/21/companies/tokyo-metro-london-elizabeth-line/" target="_blank" title="Facebook"><i class="icon-facebook-square"></i></a></li> <li class="linkedin"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/21/companies/tokyo-metro-london-elizabeth-line/&title=Tokyo Metro’s overseas efforts begin in earnest with London deal" target="_blank" title="Linkedin"><i class="icon-linkedin"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="subscribe no-print"> <p>In a time of both misinformation and too much information,<br/> quality journalism is more crucial than ever.<br>By subscribing, you can help us get the story right.</p> <a href="/sub/?utm_source=jto&utm_medium=general-box&utm_campaign=sub" >SUBSCRIBE NOW</a> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function thumbsSlider(){ $('#article-thumbs').owlCarousel({ loop: false, navRewind: false, margin: 0, autoplay: false, nav: true, dots: false, autoplayHoverPause: false, lazyLoad: true, smartSpeed: 700, navText: ['<span class="icon-arrow_back_ios"></span>', '<span class="icon-arrow_forward_ios"></span>'], responsive: { 0: { items: 4, slideBy: 1 }, 768: { items: 6, slideBy: 1 } } }); } $(document).ready(function(){ var article_id = $('#cms_article_id').val(); $.ajax({ url: '/ajax/check_bookmark_status/' + article_id + '/?ts=' + '1732464649', type: "GET", success: function (response) { if(response.status == 'bookmarked'){ var htmlData = '<img src="/theme_japantimes/images/bookmark-icon.svg" alt="Remove bookmark" /> <span>Remove bookmark</span>'; $('a.bookmark-icon').html(htmlData).addClass('bookmark-checked').attr('title', 'Remove bookmark'); }else if(response.status == 'unbookmarked'){ var htmlData = '<img src="/theme_japantimes/images/bookmark-icon.svg" alt="Bookmark story" /> <span>Bookmark story</span>'; $('a.bookmark-icon').html(htmlData).removeClass('bookmark-checked').attr('title', 'Bookmark story'); } }, error: function (jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) { } }); }); $(document).on('click', '.bookmark-icon, .bookmark-checked', function () { tp = window.tp || []; if (tp && 'pianoId' in tp) { var logged_in = tp.pianoId.isUserValid(); if (logged_in){ var this_ = $(this); var cms_article_id = this_.data('cms_article_id'); this_.prop('disabled', true); if (this_.hasClass('bookmark-checked')) { $.ajax({ type: 'post', url: '/ajax/unbookmark/', data: {cms_article_id: cms_article_id, unbookmark: 1} }).done(function () { this_.prop('disabled', false); this_.removeClass('bookmark-checked'); $('span', this_).text('Bookmark story'); }); } else { $.ajax({ type: 'post', url: '/ajax/bookmark/', data: {cms_article_id: cms_article_id} }).done(function () { this_.prop('disabled', false); this_.addClass('bookmark-checked'); $('span', this_).text('Remove bookmark'); }); } }else{ jt_login_handler(); } } }); if($(".jt-article-details .owl-carousel").length){ var base_url = $('#BASE_URL').val(); if (typeof ($(".jt-article-details .owl-carousel").owlCarousel) === "undefined") { $.getScript(base_url + "js/owl.carousel.min.js", function () { thumbsSlider() }) } else { thumbsSlider() } } </script> <!--jt-related-articles.blade.php--> <style> .jt-related-articles{margin-top: 30px;} .jt-related-articles .widget-title{border-bottom: 2px solid #000000;padding-bottom: 15px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-related-articles .widget-title h2{margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color:#333; font-size: 26px;line-height: 18px;text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-related-articles{margin-bottom: 25px;} .jt-related-articles .article-title{margin-top: 12px;margin-bottom: 8px;} .jt-related-articles .article-title.no-image-article{margin-top: 0px;} .jt-related-articles .article-title a{font-family: 'Utopia Std Semi Bold', Georgia, serif; color:#333; font-size: 20px;line-height: 24px;} </style> <div class="jt-related-articles no-print " data-widget-id="5470"> <div id="piano-recommend"></div> </div> <!--jt-dynamic-html.blade.php--> <style> .jt-dynamic-html{font-family: 'Utopia Std', Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif;font-size: 20px;line-height: 27px;} .jt-dynamic-html .wufoo-form{margin-top: 20px;margin-left: -5px;} .jt-dynamic-html p{margin-bottom: 20px;} .jt-dynamic-html a{color: #333;text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: #c8102e;} .jt-dynamic-html a:hover{text-decoration: none;} .jt-dynamic-html blockquote{font-style: italic;margin: 0px 0px 15px 0px;border-top: 3px solid #c8102e; border-bottom: 3px solid #c8102e;padding: 20px;font-size: 24px;line-height: 32px; } </style> <div class="jt-dynamic-html no-print " data-widget-id="5519"> <div class="paddingDefault"> <div class="newsletter-signup"></div> </div> </div> <!--jt-taboola-widget.blade.php--> <style> </style> <div class="jt-taboola-widget DisplayAd " data-widget-id="5489"> <div id="taboola-below-article-thumbnails"></div><script type="text/javascript"> window._taboola = window._taboola || []; _taboola.push({ mode: 'alternating-thumbnails-a', container: 'taboola-below-article-thumbnails', placement: 'Below Article Thumbnails', target_type: 'mix' });</script> </div> <!--jt-disqus.blade.php--> <style> .jt-disqus #newsletter1-offer{margin-bottom: 50px;} .jt-disqus .disqusbox{margin-bottom: 50px;} .jt-disqus .info-link{color: #898989;} .jt-disqus .info-link:hover{color: #C8102E;} .jt-disqus #disqus_thread iframe{display: block !important;} .jt-disqus .note-to-commenters, .jt-disqus .note-to-non-commenters{font-family: 'Utopia Std', Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif;font-size: 20px;line-height: 32px;font-weight: 200;margin-bottom: 10px;} @media (max-width: 768px){ .jt-disqus .note-to-commenters, .jt-disqus .note-to-non-commenters{font-size: 18px;line-height: 30px;} } </style> <div class="jt-disqus no-print " data-widget-id="1248"> <div class="note-to-commenters hidden"> <p>With your current subscription plan you can comment on stories. However, before writing your first comment, please create a display name in the Profile section of <a href="/my-account" class="info-link">your subscriber account page.</a></p> </div> <div class="note-to-non-commenters hidden"> <p>Your subscription plan doesn't allow commenting. To learn more see our <a class="info-link" href="https://support.japantimes.co.jp/hc/en-us/sections/900000736826-Commenting-FAQ">FAQ</a></p> </div> <div id="disqus_thread"></div> <div id="disqus_recommendations"></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-xs-12"> <!--jt-square-ad.blade.php--> <style> .jt-square-ad {border-top:1px solid #DADADA; border-bottom:1px solid #DADADA;padding-top: 15px;padding-bottom: 15px; }.jt-square-ad .tableCenter{min-width:300px;margin:10px auto;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;background:#f9f9f9;min-height:250px;} </style> <div class="jt-square-ad DisplayAd " data-widget-id="609"> <div class="tableCenter paddingDefault"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545099231048-0'><script>googletag.cmd.push( function() {googletag.display( 'div-gpt-ad-1545099231048-0' );});</script></div> </div> </div> <!-- jt-sidebar-tabs.blade.php --> <style> .jt-sidebar-tabs{margin-top: 20px;} /*.article-page .jt-sidebar-tabs{margin-top: 15px;}*/ .jt-sidebar-tabs .nav-item{color:#666666;background-color: #eae9e0; cursor: pointer;text-align: center;width:calc(50% - 5px);border-left: 1px solid #eae9e0;} .jt-sidebar-tabs .nav-item.active{color:#000;background-color: #FFF;border-bottom: none;border-right: 1px solid #eae9e0;} .jt-sidebar-tabs .tab-pane{display:none; border: 1px solid #eae9e0;border-top: none;padding: 20px;} .jt-sidebar-tabs .tab-pane.active{display:block;} .jt-sidebar-tabs ul.nav-pills{padding: 0;margin-top: 0px;} .jt-sidebar-tabs .nav-item.active a.nav-link{border-top: 4px solid #eae9e0;border-radius: 0;} .jt-sidebar-tabs .separator{width: 10px;border-bottom: 1px solid #eae9e0;} .jt-sidebar-tabs .nav-link{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 12px;line-height: 24px;} </style> <div class="jt-sidebar-tabs no-print " data-widget_id="586"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class=" navContent"> <ul class="nav nav-pills" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item active" id="button-0"> <a class="nav-link" data-widget_id="m1" title="Latest">WHAT’S TRENDING</a> </li> <li class="separator">&nbsp;</li> <li class="nav-item " id="button-1"> <a class="nav-link" data-widget_id="m1" title="Latest">Editors&#039; Picks</a> </li> </ul> <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="tab-button-0"> <!--jt-trending.blade.php--> <style> .jt-trending .article-image{width: 28%;padding-left: 8px;} .jt-trending .article-image .layout-ratio{padding-bottom: 100%;;} .jt-trending .article-details{width: 72%;padding-right: 8px;} .jt-trending .article-details.no-image-article{width: 100%;padding-right: 0px;} .jt-trending .article{display: flex; align-items: flex-start;padding-bottom: 12px;padding-top: 12px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.5);} .jt-trending .article:last-child{border-bottom: none;padding-bottom: 0px;} .jt-trending .article-title{margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-trending .article-title a{font-family: Utopia Std, Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif; color:#333333; font-size: 17px;line-height: 21px; display: block;max-height: 63px; overflow: hidden;} @media(max-width768px){ .jt-trending .article-title a{max-height: unset; overflow: unset;} } </style> <div class="jt-trending " data-widget-id="587"> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/23/japan/tochigi-train-collision/" title="Woman dies after train collides with car in Tochigi">Woman dies after train collides with car in Tochigi</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/23/japan/tochigi-train-collision/" title="Woman dies after train collides with car in Tochigi"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435894.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435894.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435894.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435894.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="A Moka Railway train car" title="A Moka Railway train car" onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2024/11/23/style-design/nambu-ironware-shohei-ohtani-iwate/" title="After Shohei Ohtani bump, Iwate ironware maker sees brighter future">After Shohei Ohtani bump, Iwate ironware maker sees brighter future</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2024/11/23/style-design/nambu-ironware-shohei-ohtani-iwate/" title="After Shohei Ohtani bump, Iwate ironware maker sees brighter future"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435319.jpeg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435319.jpeg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435319.jpeg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435319.jpeg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Kaito Kikuchi&#039;s decision to send superstar Shohei Ohtani one of his company&#039;s traditional ironware tea kettles has paid off with a surge of interest from general consumers." title="Kaito Kikuchi&#039;s decision to send superstar Shohei Ohtani one of his company&#039;s traditional ironware tea kettles has paid off with a surge of interest from general consumers." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/23/japan/tokyo-police-lost-items-care/" title="Tokyo police care for lost umbrellas, keys and flying squirrels">Tokyo police care for lost umbrellas, keys and flying squirrels</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/23/japan/tokyo-police-lost-items-care/" title="Tokyo police care for lost umbrellas, keys and flying squirrels"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435876.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435876.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435876.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435876.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="An employee at the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department Lost and Found Center in the Iidabashi area of central Tokyo bags, tags and organizes thousands of items." title="An employee at the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department Lost and Found Center in the Iidabashi area of central Tokyo bags, tags and organizes thousands of items." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/23/japan/society/japan-multilingual-ride-hailing-app/" title="Japan to aid introduction of multilingual ride-hailing apps">Japan to aid introduction of multilingual ride-hailing apps</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/23/japan/society/japan-multilingual-ride-hailing-app/" title="Japan to aid introduction of multilingual ride-hailing apps"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435893.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435893.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435893.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435893.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="A Nihon Kotsu Co. taxi departs one of the company&#039;s service offices in Tokyo." title="A Nihon Kotsu Co. taxi departs one of the company&#039;s service offices in Tokyo." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/23/seven-i-buyout-talks/" title="Seven & I founding family sounded out KKR and others about buyout: report">Seven & I founding family sounded out KKR and others about buyout: report</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/23/seven-i-buyout-talks/" title="Seven & I founding family sounded out KKR and others about buyout: report"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435896.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435896.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435896.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/23/435896.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="A 7-Eleven convenience store in Tokyo" title="A 7-Eleven convenience store in Tokyo" onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane " id="tab-button-1"> <!--jt-tab-editor-pick.blade.php--> <style> .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-image{width: 28%;padding-left: 8px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-image .layout-ratio{padding-bottom: 100%;;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-details{width: 72%;padding-right: 8px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-details.no-image-article{width: 100%;padding-right: 0px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article{display: flex; align-items: flex-start;padding-bottom: 12px;padding-top: 12px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.5);} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article:last-child{border-bottom: none;padding-bottom: 0px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-title{margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-title a{font-family: Utopia Std, Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif; color:#333333; font-size: 17px;line-height: 21px; display: block;max-height: 63px; overflow: hidden;} @media(max-width: 768px){ .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-title a{max-width: unset; overflow: unset;} } </style> <div class="jt-tab-editor-pick " data-widget-id="588"> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2024/11/24/food-drink/daniel-calvert-sezanne-michelin/" title="Tokyo’s newest three-star chef wants ‘harmony across every detail’">Tokyo’s newest three-star chef wants ‘harmony across every detail’</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2024/11/24/food-drink/daniel-calvert-sezanne-michelin/" title="Tokyo’s newest three-star chef wants ‘harmony across every detail’"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435258.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435258.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435258.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435258.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="British-born Daniel Calvert earned his third Michelin star last month — a stunning achievement considering his restaurant, Sezanne, has only been open for just over three years. " title="British-born Daniel Calvert earned his third Michelin star last month — a stunning achievement considering his restaurant, Sezanne, has only been open for just over three years. " onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/22/japan/society/kitakyushu-remains-preservation/" title="133-year-old Kyushu railway station remains to be partially preserved">133-year-old Kyushu railway station remains to be partially preserved</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/22/japan/society/kitakyushu-remains-preservation/" title="133-year-old Kyushu railway station remains to be partially preserved"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435643.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435643.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435643.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435643.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="object-position:48% 42.857142857143%;" alt="The remains of the original Moji Station in Kitakyushu" title="The remains of the original Moji Station in Kitakyushu" onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2024/11/23/style-design/nambu-ironware-shohei-ohtani-iwate/" title="After Shohei Ohtani bump, Iwate ironware maker sees brighter future">After Shohei Ohtani bump, Iwate ironware maker sees brighter future</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2024/11/23/style-design/nambu-ironware-shohei-ohtani-iwate/" title="After Shohei Ohtani bump, Iwate ironware maker sees brighter future"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435319.jpeg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435319.jpeg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435319.jpeg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435319.jpeg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Kaito Kikuchi&#039;s decision to send superstar Shohei Ohtani one of his company&#039;s traditional ironware tea kettles has paid off with a surge of interest from general consumers." title="Kaito Kikuchi&#039;s decision to send superstar Shohei Ohtani one of his company&#039;s traditional ironware tea kettles has paid off with a surge of interest from general consumers." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2024/11/22/baseball/mlb/ohtani-wins-mvp-award/" title="Shohei Ohtani wins National League MVP award">Shohei Ohtani wins National League MVP award</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2024/11/22/baseball/mlb/ohtani-wins-mvp-award/" title="Shohei Ohtani wins National League MVP award"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435583.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435583.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435583.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/22/435583.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Shohei Ohtani celebrates after hitting a three-run home run against the Padres during the National League Division Series at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles last month." title="Shohei Ohtani celebrates after hitting a three-run home run against the Padres during the National League Division Series at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles last month." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/21/film/a-samurai-in-time-junichi-yasuda/" title="The slow-burn success of ‘A Samurai in Time’">The slow-burn success of ‘A Samurai in Time’</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/21/film/a-samurai-in-time-junichi-yasuda/" title="The slow-burn success of ‘A Samurai in Time’"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435382.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435382.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435382.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/435382.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="A 19th-century warrior gets struck by lightning and wakes to find himself in 21st-century Kyoto in Junichi Yasuda’s surprise hit “A Samurai in Time.”" title="A 19th-century warrior gets struck by lightning and wakes to find himself in 21st-century Kyoto in Junichi Yasuda’s surprise hit “A Samurai in Time.”" onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ $('.nav-item').on('click', function(event){ event.preventDefault(); if (! $(this).hasClass('active')) { $('.nav-item').removeClass('active'); $('.tab-pane').removeClass('active'); $(this).addClass('active'); var id = $(this).attr('id'); $('#tab-'+ id).addClass('active'); } }); }); </script> <!--jt-tag-article.blade.php--> <style> .jt-tag-article{margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;} .jt-tag-article .widget-title{border-bottom: 1px solid #231916;padding-bottom: 15px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-tag-article .widget-title h2{margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color:#231916; font-size: 18px;line-height: 22px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-tag-article .article-image{width: 28%;padding-right: 8px;} .jt-tag-article .article-image .layout-ratio{padding-bottom: 100%;;} .jt-tag-article .article-details{width: 72%;padding-left: 8px;} .jt-tag-article .article-details.no-image-article{width: 100%;padding-left: 0px;} .jt-tag-article .article{display: flex; align-items: flex-start;padding-bottom: 12px;padding-top: 12px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.5);} .jt-tag-article .article-title a{font-family: 'Utopia Std Semi Bold', Georgia, serif;color:#333; font-size: 20px;line-height: 19px; display: block;} .jt-tag-article .article-byline{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif!important;color:#898989;font-size: 11px;line-height: 21px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-tag-article .article-byline a{color:#898989;} @media(max-width: 768px){ .jt-tag-article .widget-title{margin-bottom: 5px;} } </style> <div class="jt-tag-article no-print ourplanet" data-widget-id="5473"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2>Our Planet</h2> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/environment/2024/11/24/energy/fossil-fuel-subsidies-quit/" title="How Japan can exit the fossil fuel subsidies it can’t seem to quit"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435734.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435734.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435734.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435734.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="A man walks past a gasoline station in Tokyo on Thursday." title="A man walks past a gasoline station in Tokyo on Thursday." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/environment/2024/11/24/energy/fossil-fuel-subsidies-quit/" title="How Japan can exit the fossil fuel subsidies it can’t seem to quit">How Japan can exit the fossil fuel subsidies it can’t seem to quit</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/170/chris-russell/" title="Chris Russell">Chris Russell</a><br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--jt-sidebar-articles.blade.php--> <style> .jt-sidebar-articles{margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .widget-title{border-bottom: 1px solid #231916;padding-bottom: 15px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .widget-title h2{margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color:#231916; font-size: 18px;line-height: 22px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-image{width: 28%;padding-right: 8px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-image .layout-ratio{padding-bottom: 100%;;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-details{width: 72%;padding-left: 8px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-details.no-image-article{width: 100%;padding-left: 0px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article{display: flex; align-items: flex-start;padding-bottom: 12px;padding-top: 12px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.5);} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-title a{font-family: 'Utopia Std Semi Bold', Georgia, serif;color:#333; font-size: 20px;line-height: 19px; display: block;max-height: 38px; overflow: hidden;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-info{display: flex;margin-top: 10px;align-items: center;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-section a{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color:#c8102e; font-size: 11px;line-height: 24px; text-transform: uppercase;border-right: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.76);padding-right: 10px; margin-right: 10px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .last-modified{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif!important; color:#898989; font-size: 11px;line-height: 14px;text-transform: uppercase;} @media(max-width: 768px){ .jt-sidebar-articles .widget-title{margin-bottom: 5px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-title a{max-height: unset;overflow: unset; line-height: 21px} } @media screen and (min-width: 1200px){ .jt-sidebar-articles .article-title a{ font-size:18px; max-height: 57px; } } </style> <div class="jt-sidebar-articles no-print " data-widget-id="1414"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2>Podcast</h2> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/podcast/2024/07/22/deep-dive/kabukicho-tokyo/" title="Kabukicho: Tokyo’s ‘stadium of desire’"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/07/22/410707.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/07/22/410707.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/07/22/410707.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/07/22/410707.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="One of the many entrances to the Kabukicho neighborhood in Tokyo’s Shinjuku Ward." title="One of the many entrances to the Kabukicho neighborhood in Tokyo’s Shinjuku Ward." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/podcast/2024/07/22/deep-dive/kabukicho-tokyo/" title="Kabukicho: Tokyo’s ‘stadium of desire’">Kabukicho: Tokyo’s ‘stadium of desire’</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <!--jt-column-article.blade.php--> <style> .jt-column-article{margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;} .jt-column-article .widget-title{border-bottom: 1px solid #231916;padding-bottom: 15px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-column-article .widget-title h2{margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color:#231916; font-size: 18px;line-height: 22px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-column-article .article-image{width: 28%;padding-right: 8px;} .jt-column-article .article-image .layout-ratio{padding-bottom: 100%;;} .jt-column-article .article-details{width: 72%;padding-left: 8px;} .jt-column-article .article-details.no-image-article{width: 100%;padding-left: 0px;} .jt-column-article .article{display: flex; align-items: flex-start;padding-bottom: 12px;padding-top: 12px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.5);} .jt-column-article .article-title a{font-family: 'Utopia Std Semi Bold', Georgia, serif;color:#333; font-size: 20px;line-height: 19px; display: block;max-height: 38px; overflow: hidden;} .jt-column-article .article-byline{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif!important;color:#898989;font-size: 11px;line-height: 21px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-column-article .article-byline a{color:#898989;} @media(max-width: 768px){ .jt-column-article .widget-title{margin-bottom: 5px;} .jt-column-article .article-title a{max-height: unset;overflow: unset;line-height: 21px;} } @media screen and (min-width: 1200px){ .jt-column-article .article-title a{ font-size:18px; max-height: 57px; } } </style> <div class="jt-column-article no-print " data-widget-id="5474"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2>Longform</h2> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/11/mice-tourism-japan-business/" title="A boom for business tourism in Japan?"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/11/432904.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/11/432904.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/11/432904.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/11/432904.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Construction takes place on the Takanawa Gateway Convention Center in Tokyo, slated to open in 2025." title="Construction takes place on the Takanawa Gateway Convention Center in Tokyo, slated to open in 2025." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/11/mice-tourism-japan-business/" title="A boom for business tourism in Japan?">A boom for business tourism in Japan?</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/240/kathryn-wortley/" title="Kathryn Wortley">Kathryn Wortley</a><br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--jt-sustainable.blade.php--> <style> .jt-sustainable {border: 1px solid #eae9e0; background-color: #FFF;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-top: 20px;} .jt-sustainable h2{margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;color:#666;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif!important;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;font-weight: 700;} .jt-sustainable .top-element{background-color: #eae9e0;text-align: center;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-top: 10px; } .jt-sustainable .article-image{width: 28%;padding-left: 8px;} .jt-sustainable .article-image .layout-ratio{padding-bottom: 100%;;} .jt-sustainable .article-details{width: 72%;padding-right: 8px;} .jt-sustainable .article{padding: 15px;display: flex; align-items: center;padding-bottom: 12px;padding-top: 12px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.5);} .jt-sustainable .article-title{margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-sustainable .article-title a{font-family: 'Utopia Std', Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif; color:#333; font-size: 14px;line-height: 18px; display: block;max-height: 36px; overflow: hidden;} </style> <div class="jt-sustainable " data-widget-id="3285"> <div class="top-element"> <h2>SUSTAINABLE JAPAN </h2> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details"> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://sustainable.japantimes.com/unraveling/26?utm_source=jto&utm_medium=sidebanner&utm_campaign=jto_sidebanner&f=2" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Azabudai Hills, Tokyo’s green new downtown ‘village’">Azabudai Hills, Tokyo’s green new downtown ‘village’</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://sustainable.japantimes.com/unraveling/26?utm_source=jto&utm_medium=sidebanner&utm_campaign=jto_sidebanner&f=2" title="Azabudai Hills, Tokyo’s green new downtown ‘village’" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"> <div class="layout-ratio"> <img src="https://wp.japantimes.co.jp/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/img_unraveling_26_01-200x200.jpg" alt="Azabudai Hills, Tokyo’s green new downtown ‘village’" /> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!--jt-vertical-ad.blade.php--> <style> .jt-vertical-ad {border-top:1px solid #DADADA; border-bottom:1px solid #DADADA;padding-top: 25px;padding-bottom: 25px; } .jt-vertical-ad .tableCenter{min-width:300px;margin:10px auto;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;background:#f9f9f9;min-height:250px;} </style> <div class="jt-vertical-ad DisplayAd " data-widget-id="5490"> <div class="tableCenter paddingDefault"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545099535665-0'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545099535665-0');});</script></div> </div> </div> <!--jt-supplements-vertical-ad.blade.php--> <style> .jt-supplements-vertical-ad {border: 1px solid #eae9e0; background-color: #FFF;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-top: 20px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .sidebar_ad_inner{border-top: 1px solid #ddd;margin-top: 30px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .sidebar_ad_item{width:100%;float:none;border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .sidebar_ad_item:last-of-type{border-bottom: none;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .sidebar_ad_item div{width:100% !important; height:auto !important;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .more-btn{border: 1px solid #ddd;text-align: center;padding: 4px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .more-btn a{color: #333;display: block;padding: 1px 10px;transition: opacity .4s;font-family: 'Roboto';font-size: 12px;line-height: 15px;font-weight: 700;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad h2{position: relative;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;color:#666;font-family: 'Roboto';font-size: 13px;line-height: 15px;font-weight: 700;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad h2 a{position: absolute;top: -1;margin-left: 10px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .note_block{font-size: 13px;line-height: 18px;color:#333;font-family: Pluto,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;border: 1px solid #707070;border-radius: 2px;padding: 10px;max-width: 185px;position: absolute;z-index: 9999;right: 20px;top:50px;text-align: left;background: #fff;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .note_block a{color:#898989;text-decoration: underline;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .note_block:before {content: " ";position: absolute;top: -16px;left: 50%;border: 8px solid transparent;border-bottom: 8px solid #FFF;z-index: 2;-webkit-transform: translateX(-50%);transform: translateX(-50%);} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .note_block:after {content: " ";position: absolute;top: -19px;left: 50%;border: 9px solid transparent;border-bottom: 9px solid #707070;z-index: 1;-webkit-transform: translateX(-50%);transform: translateX(-50%);} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .top-element{position: relative;background-color: #eae9e0;text-align: center;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-top: 10px; } .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .content-element-main{padding: 15px 15px 0px 15px;text-align: center;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .content-element-sub{padding: 0px 15px 15px 15px;text-align: center;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder{text-align: center;border-top:1px solid #eae9e0;padding: 15px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder img{max-width: 100%;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder h2{margin-bottom: 10px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder .banner_list{margin: 0 auto; max-width: 270px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder .banner_list_item:not(:last-child){margin-bottom: 10px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder .banner_list_item:last-child{background: url('/theme_japantimes/images/bg-international.jpg');padding-bottom: 10px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder ul li{list-style: none;border-bottom: 1px solid #999;padding-bottom: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder ul li:last-child{border-bottom: none;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder li a{color: #333;font-size: 14px;line-height: 24px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder .banner_list_item_inner{text-align: left;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);padding: 20px 25px 0px 25px;margin: 0px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder .international-reports-img{padding: 15px 12px 9px} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder i.icon-arrow_forward_ios{font-size: 10px;margin-right: 6px;color:#898989} @media (min-width:991px) and (max-width:1200px){ .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .content-element-main{padding: 15px 0px 0px 0px;} } </style> <div class="jt-supplements-vertical-ad no-print " data-widget-id="810"> <div class="top-element"> <h2> SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTS <a href="javascript:;" class="js_note" title="Note"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/icon_note.png" alt="note" /></a> </h2> <div class="note_block hidden"> <div class="note_block_inner"> <p class="note_txt">Sponsored contents planned and edited by JT Media Enterprise Division.</p> <p class="note_txt_jp"> <a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/solutions/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">広告出稿に関するおといあわせはこちらまで</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-element-main"> <div class="bl_sideDiv bl_sideDiv__supplements"> <div class="single_block"> <!-- /4973089/JT-Supplements-slider1 --> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545378846364-0'><script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545378846364-0'); });</script></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-element-sub"> <div class="sidebar_ad_inner"> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#"> <!-- /4973089/JT-Supplements-block1 --> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545377720996-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545377720996-0'); });</script></div> </a> </div> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#"> <!-- /4973089/JT-Supplements-block2 --> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545377819100-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545377819100-0');});</script></div> </a> </div> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#"> <!-- /4973089/JT-Supplements-block3 --> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545377905854-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545377905854-0');});</script></div> </a> </div> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#"> <!-- /4973089/JT-Supplements-block4 --> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545378016685-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545378016685-0');});</script></div> </a> </div> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#"> <!-- /4973089/JT-Supplements-block5 --> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545378526968-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545378526968-0');});</script></div> </a> </div> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#"> <!-- /4973089/JT-Supplements-block6 --> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545378615238-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545378615238-0');});</script></div> </a> </div> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#"> <!-- /4973089/JT-Supplements-block7 --> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545378710149-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545378710149-0');});</script></div> </a> </div> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#"> <!-- /4973089/JT-Supplements-block8 --> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545378782983-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545378782983-0');});</script></div> </a> </div> <p class="more-btn"> <a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><span>Read more</span></a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="supplements-binder"> <h2>SUPPLEMENTS BINDER</h2> <!-- /4973089/sidebar-consortium --> <div class="banner_list"> <div class="banner_list_item"> <!-- /4973089/JT-Education-banner --> <div class="ad single_block"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545377501993-0' style='height:40px; width:270px;'> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function () {googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545377501993-0');});</script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="banner_list_item"> <!-- /4973089/JT-NationalDay-banner --> <div class="ad single_block"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545377579422-0' style='height:40px; width:270px;'> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545377579422-0');});</script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="banner_list_item"> <img src="/theme_japantimes/images/international-reports.png" class="international-reports-img" alt="international-reports"> <ul class="banner_list_item_inner"> <li> <i class="icon-arrow_forward_ios"></i> <a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/international-reports/sms/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Bridges by SMS</a> </li> <li> <i class="icon-arrow_forward_ios"></i> <a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/international-reports/global_insight/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Global Insight</a> </li> <li> <i class="icon-arrow_forward_ios"></i> <a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/international-reports/gmi/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">GMI Post</a> </li> <li> <i class="icon-arrow_forward_ios"></i> <a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/international-reports/wer/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">World Eye Reports</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $('.js_note').on('click', function(){ $('.note_block').toggleClass('hidden'); }); </script> <!--jt-sidebar-covid.blade.php--> <style> .jt-sidebar-covid{margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-sidebar-covid .widget-title{border-bottom: 1px solid #C8102E;padding-bottom: 15px;margin-bottom: 7px;} .jt-sidebar-covid .widget-title h2{margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color:#C8102E; font-size: 18px;line-height: 22px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-sidebar-covid .article{padding-top: 18px;padding-bottom: 18px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.5);} .jt-sidebar-covid .article.first-article{border-top: none;} .jt-sidebar-covid .article-title a{font-family: 'Utopia Std Semi Bold', Georgia, serif; color:#333; font-size: 16px;line-height: 19px;} .jt-sidebar-covid .article-title a::before {content: "";width: 6px;height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 8px;display: inline-block; background-color: #C8102E;} .jt-sidebar-covid .publish-date{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif!important; color:#898989; font-size: 11px;line-height: 14px;text-transform: uppercase;} @media screen and (max-width: 768px){ .jt-sidebar-covid .article-title a{font-size:20px;} } </style> <div class="jt-sidebar-covid no-print " data-widget-id="1416"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2>Latest News</h2> </div> <div class="article first-article"> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/24/japan/politics/nagoya-mayoral-election/" title="Ex-deputy mayor expected to win Nagoya mayoral election">Ex-deputy mayor expected to win Nagoya mayoral election</a></div> <div class="publish-date">4 hours ago</div> </div> <div class="article "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/24/japan/japan-us-taiwan-missile-plan/" title="Japan and U.S. to form missile plan in case of Taiwan emergency">Japan and U.S. to form missile plan in case of Taiwan emergency</a></div> <div class="publish-date">4 hours ago</div> </div> <div class="article "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/24/japan/iwaya-eyes-china-visit/" title="Japan's foreign minister may visit China within this year">Japan's foreign minister may visit China within this year</a></div> <div class="publish-date">5 hours ago</div> </div> <div class="article "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/24/companies/randys-donut-japan/" title="An iconic 32-foot donut might give Randy’s an edge in Japan">An iconic 32-foot donut might give Randy’s an edge in Japan</a></div> <div class="publish-date">6 hours ago</div> </div> <div class="article "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/24/japan/first-ceremony-sado-gold-mine-workers/" title="First ceremony held to remember Sado gold mine workers">First ceremony held to remember Sado gold mine workers</a></div> <div class="publish-date">8 hours ago</div> </div> </div> <!--jt-vertical-ad.blade.php--> <div class="jt-vertical-ad DisplayAd " data-widget-id="5491"> <div class="tableCenter paddingDefault"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545100828948-0'><script>googletag.cmd.push( function() {googletag.display( 'div-gpt-ad-1545100828948-0' );});</script></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" value="" id="static_articles_ids" /> </main> <style> .footer-ad{margin-bottom: 20px;margin-top: 20px;} .footer-ad .tableCenter{min-width:728px;min-height: 90px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin: 20px auto;} footer{background-color: #333333; font-family: 'Roboto'; color: #FFF;} footer .footer-details{padding-bottom: 25px; padding-top: 40px;} footer .footer-details .left-col ul{width: 19%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 0px;} footer .footer-details .left-col li{list-style: none;margin-bottom: 10px;} footer .footer-details .left-col li a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px;color: #FFFFFF;font-weight: 400;} footer .footer-details .left-col li a:hover{opacity: 0.4;} footer .footer-details .left-col li.main-title{font-size: 13px;line-height: 15px;color: #FFFFFF;font-weight: 700;text-transform: uppercase} footer .footer-details .right-col .subscribe-btn{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;background-color: #C8102E; color:#FFF;width: 100%;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;line-height: 17.3px; display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;height: 50px;margin-bottom: 22px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .subscribe-btn:hover{opacity: 0.5;} footer .footer-details .right-col .row-data{margin-bottom: 15px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .row-data > div{width: 49%; display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px;font-weight: 400;} footer .footer-details .right-col .row-data div.info{padding-right: 20px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .row-data > div.info.w-53{width: 50.5%;} footer .footer-details .right-col .row-data > div.signup{width: 47.5%;} footer .footer-details .right-col h5{margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 16px;line-height: 19px;font-weight: 700;} footer .footer-details .right-col .social-icons{text-align: right;padding-left: 20px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .social-icons a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;color:#FFF;margin-left: 18px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .social-icons a:hover{color:#999999;} footer .footer-details .right-col .social-icons a:first-child{margin-left: 0px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .social-icons i{font-size: 24px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .social-icons i.icon-twitter-with-circle{font-size: 26px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .social-icons img.fb:hover{opacity: 0.5;} footer .footer-details .right-col .signup{padding-left: 22px; text-align: right;} footer .footer-details .right-col .signup a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;border: 1px solid #FFF; color:#FFF;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular';font-size: 10px;line-height: 12.36px;display: flex;height: 35px;justify-content: center;align-items: center;} footer .footer-details .right-col .signup a:hover{opacity: 0.5;} footer .footer-details .right-col .signup img{margin-right: 10px;} footer .footer-copyrights{border-top: 1px solid #666666; padding: 12px 0px 17px 0px;} footer .footer-copyrights img{width: 25%;} footer .footer-copyrights .text{display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; align-items: center;font-size: 10px;line-height: 12px;color: #FFFFFF;font-weight: 400;} footer .mobile-view{display:none;} .back_to_top {position: fixed;bottom: 25px;right: 40px;z-index: 9;width: 50px;height: 50px;text-align: center;background: #666;cursor: pointer;border-radius: 2px;display: none;} .back_to_top i{color:#FFF;font-size: 40px;line-height: 46px;} .back_to_top:hover {background: #c8102e;} .back_to_top-show {display: block;} @media (max-width: 992px){ footer .container{width: 100%;max-width: 95%;} footer .footer-details{border-top: 1px solid #666666;border-bottom: 1px solid #666666;padding-bottom: 25px;padding-top: 25px;} footer .footer-details .left-col{width: 100%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 100%;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .row-data{width:49.5%; display: inline-block;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .social-icons{text-align: left;} footer .footer-details .right-col .subscribe-btn{width: 46%;} footer .footer-details .right-col{display: none;} footer .mobile-view{display: block;padding-bottom: 25px;padding-top: 25px;} footer .mobile-view .right-col{display: block;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .row-data > div{width:49%;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .row-data:last-child{margin-bottom: 0px;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .row-data div.info{padding-right: 2px;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .social-icons a{margin-left: 10px;} } @media (max-width: 767px){ .footer-ad .tableCenter{min-width:320px;min-height: 50px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .subscribe-btn{width: 100%;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .row-data{width:100%; display: block;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .social-icons{text-align: right;} footer .footer-details{padding-bottom: 0px;padding-top: 0px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .row-data > div.info.w-53{width: 53%;} footer .footer-details .right-col .row-data > div.signup{width: 45%;} footer .footer-details.mobile-view{padding-bottom: 30px;padding-top: 30px;} footer .footer-details .left-col ul{padding-top: 15px;padding-bottom: 5px; border-bottom: 1px solid #666666; width:100%;} footer .footer-details .left-col ul:last-child{border-bottom: none;} footer .footer-details .left-col li.main-title{display: block;width:100%;} footer .footer-details .left-col li{display: inline-block;width:49%;} footer .footer-copyrights{padding: 30px 0px; text-align: center;} footer .footer-copyrights img{width: 40%;width: 180px;height: 25.82px;} footer .footer-copyrights .text{margin-top: 10px;justify-content: center;} .back_to_top{right: 30px;} } .bottom100{ bottom:100px } .marginBottom70{ margin-bottom: 70px; } </style> <div class="footer-ad DisplayAd no-print"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="tableCenter" id="footer_ad_id"> <div id="" class="get_ad"> <script> var id_map = { "mobile": 'div-gpt-ad-1362126290726-2', "tablet": 'div-gpt-ad-1362125825102-2', "desktop": 'div-gpt-ad-1362125114269-2' } var footer_ad_id = id_map[deviceType] || id_map["mobile"]; jQuery('#footer_ad_id .get_ad').attr( 'id', footer_ad_id ); googletag.cmd.push( function() { googletag.display(footer_ad_id); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="no-print"> <div class="footer-details mobile-view"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 right-col"> <a class="subscribe-btn no-print" href="/sub" title="Subscribe">SUBSCRIBE</a> <div class="row-data no-print"> <div class="info"> <h5>In your social network</h5> <div>Stay up to date with us on your social media platform of choice.</div> </div> <div class="social-icons"> <a href="https://twitter.com/japantimes" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Twitter"><i class="icon-twitter-with-circle"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-japan-times" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Linkedin"><i class="icon-linkedin"></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/thejapantimes/?hl=en" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Instagram"><i class="icon-instagram"></i></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/thejapantimes" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Facebook"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/fb-footer.svg" class="fb" height="26" width="26" alt="Facebook" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="row-data no-print"> <div class="info w-53"> <h5>In your inbox</h5> <div>Get updates, insights and more via our newsletters.</div> </div> <div class="signup"> <a href="/email-newsletters" title="Sign Up"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/send_icon.svg" alt="SIGN ME UP"/> SIGN ME UP</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-details"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 left-col"> <ul> <li class="main-title">products &amp; services</li> <li><a href="/sub/print/" title="Print subscriptions" >Print subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/sub/groups/" title="Group subscriptions" >Group subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sub/students" target="_blank" title="Student subscription" >Student subscription</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/archives/" target="_blank" title="JT Digital Archives" >JT Digital Archives</a></li> <li><a href="https://epaper.japantimes.co.jp/" target="_blank" title="Epaper Edition" >Epaper Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/feed/" title="RSS feeds" >RSS feeds</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="main-title">help &amp; support</li> <li><a href="/about-us/site-support/" title="Support" >Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://support.japantimes.co.jp/hc/en-us" target="_blank" title="FAQs" >FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/about-us/link-policy/" title="Link policy" >Link policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/republishing/" title="Republishing" >Republishing</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/contact-us/" title="Contact us" >Contact us</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="main-title">about us</li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/about-us/" title="Company info" >Company info</a></li> <li><a href="/about-us/privacy/" title="Privacy policy" >Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/about-us/link-policy/" title="Link policy" >Link policy</a></li> <li><a href="/category/announcements/" title="Announcements" >Announcements</a></li> <li><a href="/about-us/work-with-us/" title="Work with us" >Work with us</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/advertise/" title="Advertise with us" >Advertise with us</a></li> <li><a href="/about-us/press/" title="Press releases" >Press releases</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="main-title">our sites</li> <li><a href="https://alpha.japantimes.co.jp/" target="_blank" title="The Japan Times Alpha" >The Japan Times Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="https://bookclub.japantimes.co.jp/" target="_blank" title="JT Bookclub" >JT Bookclub</a></li> <li><a href="https://jobs.japantimes.com/" target="_blank" title="The Japan Times Jobs" >The Japan Times Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/japanese-university-guide/" target="_blank" title="Education In Japan" >Education In Japan</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/job-classifieds/" target="_blank" title="Classifieds" >Classifieds</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tender-announcement-advertisements/" title="Public notices" >Public notices</a></li> <li><a href="https://disaster.japantimes.co.jp/" target="_blank" title="Disaster information" >Disaster information</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/comfacts/" title="Comfacts" >Comfacts</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="main-title">our activities</li> <li><a href="https://sustainable.japantimes.com/" target="_blank" title="Sustainable Japan" >Sustainable Japan</a></li> <li><a href="https://authentic-japan-selection.japantimes.com/" target="_blank" title="Destination Restaurants" >Destination Restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/satoyama-consortium/" title="Satoyama Consortium" >Satoyama Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/esg-consortium/" title="ESG Consortium" >ESG Consortium</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4 right-col"> <a class="subscribe-btn no-print" href="/sub" title="Subscribe">SUBSCRIBE</a> <div class="row-data no-print"> <div class="info"> <h5>In your social network</h5> <div>Stay up to date with us on your social media platform of choice.</div> </div> <div class="social-icons"> <a href="https://twitter.com/japantimes" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Twitter"><i class="icon-twitter-with-circle"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-japan-times" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Linkedin"><i class="icon-linkedin"></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/thejapantimes/?hl=en" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Instagram"><i class="icon-instagram"></i></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/thejapantimes" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Facebook"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/fb-footer.svg" class="fb" height="26" width="26" alt="Facebook" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="row-data no-print"> <div class="info w-53"> <h5>In your inbox</h5> <div>Get updates, insights and more via our newsletters.</div> </div> <div class="signup"> <a href="/email-newsletters" title="Sign Up"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/send_icon.svg" alt="SIGN ME UP"/> SIGN ME UP</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-copyrights"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <a href="/" title="The Japan Times"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/logo-white-2.png" alt="The Japan Times" /></a> </div> <div class="col-md-6 text"> THE JAPAN TIMES LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="back_to_top" title="Back to Top"><i class="icon-chevron-up"></i></div> <div id="recommend-pushUnit-top"></div> <div id="recommend-pushUnit-article" class="recommend-pushUnit"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ function trackScroll() { var scrolled = window.pageYOffset; var coords = document.documentElement.clientHeight; if (scrolled > coords) { goTopBtn.classList.add('back_to_top-show'); } if (scrolled < coords) { goTopBtn.classList.remove('back_to_top-show'); } } function backToTop() { if (window.pageYOffset > 0) { window.scrollBy(0, -80); setTimeout(backToTop, 0); } } var goTopBtn = document.querySelector('.back_to_top'); window.addEventListener('scroll', trackScroll); goTopBtn.addEventListener('click', backToTop); }); $(document).ready(() => { var windowSize = $(window).width(); var footer = $('.footer-copyrights') }); </script> <input type="hidden" name="csrf-token" content=""> <script> var lazysettimeout_value = 3000; var lazyloadScript_config = 1; lazysettimeout_value=2000; document.addEventListener("mousemove", lazyloadScript); document.addEventListener("scroll", lazyloadScript); document.addEventListener("touchstart", lazyloadScript); setTimeout(function(){ lazyloadScript(); },lazysettimeout_value); function lazyloadScript(){ if(lazyloadScript_config){ lazyloadScript_config = 0; $.getScript('https://www.japantimes.co.jp/theme_japantimes/js/lazyload.min.js',function(){ new LazyLoad({ elements_selector: ".lazy", threshold: 0, }); }); } } </script> <script> var settimeout_value = 4000; var initiateA = 1; function initializeA() { if (initiateA == 1) { initiateA = 0; const loadScript = (src, timeout = 0, skip_script = 0) => { if (skip_script == 1) { return true; } return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(function () { const script = document.createElement('script'); script.type = 'text/javascript'; script.onload = resolve; script.onerror = reject; script.defer = false; script.src = src; document.head.append(script); }, timeout) }) }; loadScript('https://www.japantimes.co.jp/theme_japantimes/js/initial.js?v=4.8') .then(() => loadScript('https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js')) .then(() => loadScript('/theme_japantimes/js/fresco.js')) .catch(() => console.error('Something went wrong.')); window._newsroom = window._newsroom || []; var taboola_script = document.createElement('script'); taboola_script.type = 'text/javascript'; taboola_script.async = 1; taboola_script.src = '//c2.taboola.com/nr/japantimes/newsroom.js'; document.getElementsByTagName('HEAD').item(0).appendChild(taboola_script); } } document.addEventListener("mousemove", initializeA); document.addEventListener("scroll", initializeA); document.addEventListener("touchstart", initializeA); setTimeout(function () { initializeA(); }, settimeout_value) </script> <script> window._taboola = window._taboola || []; _taboola.push( { flush: true } ); </script> <!-- Twitter universal website tag code --> <script> !function(e,t,n,s,u,a){e.twq||(s=e.twq=function(){s.exe?s.exe.apply(s,arguments):s.queue.push(arguments); },s.version='1.1',s.queue=[],u=t.createElement(n),u.async=!0,u.src='//static.ads-twitter.com/uwt.js', a=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0],a.parentNode.insertBefore(u,a))}(window,document,'script'); twq('init','o4laj'); twq('track','PageView'); </script> <!-- End Twitter universal website tag code --><script> $(function () { var article_id = $('#cms_article_id').val(); var article_count_url = '/ajax/article_count/' + article_id + '/'; $.ajax({ url: article_count_url, type: "GET", success: function (response) { }, error: function (jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) { } }); }); </script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10