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href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Vietnam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="رئيس فيتنام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس فيتنام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Vietnam" title="Presidente de Vietnam – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Presidente de Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="ভিয়েতনামের রাষ্ট্রপতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিয়েতনামের রাষ্ট্রপতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnams_pr%C3%A6sidenter" title="Vietnams præsidenter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vietnams præsidenter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sident_Vietnams" title="Präsident Vietnams – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präsident Vietnams" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BC" title="Πρόεδρος του Βιετνάμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόεδρος του Βιετνάμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Vietnam" title="Presidente de Vietnam – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presidente de Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="رئیس‌جمهور ویتنام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیس‌جمهور ویتنام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_du_Vi%C3%AAt_Nam" title="Président du Viêt Nam – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Président du Viêt Nam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8_%EC%A3%BC%EC%84%9D" title="베트남 주석 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베트남 주석" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="वियतनाम के राष्ट्रपति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वियतनाम के राष्ट्रपति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9D" title="נשיא וייטנאם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נשיא וייטנאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ვიეტნამის პრეზიდენტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიეტნამის პრეზიდენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ვიეტნამიშ პრეზიდენტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვიეტნამიშ პრეზიდენტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden_Vietnam" title="Presiden Vietnam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Presiden Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%95%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Вьетнамын Ерөнхийлөгч – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вьетнамын Ерөнхийлөгч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6%E1%81%8F_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90" title="ဗီယက်နမ်နိုင်ငံ၏ သမ္မတ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗီယက်နမ်နိုင်ငံ၏ သမ္မတ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%88%E3%83%8A%E3%83%A0%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="ベトナム社会主義共和国主席 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベトナム社会主義共和国主席" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98" title="ប្រធានាធិបតីវៀតណាម – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រធានាធិបតីវៀតណាម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezydenci_Wietnamu" title="Prezydenci Wietnamu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prezydenci Wietnamu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_do_Vietname" title="Presidente do Vietname – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Presidente do Vietname" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre%C8%99edintele_Vietnamului" title="Președintele Vietnamului – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Președintele Vietnamului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Президент Вьетнама – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президент Вьетнама" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="President of Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamin_presidentti" title="Vietnamin presidentti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vietnamin presidentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_Vietnams_statschefer" title="Lista över Vietnams statschefer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lista över Vietnams statschefer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Vietnam" title="Pangulo ng Vietnam – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangulo ng Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="வியட்நாம் அரசுத்தலைவர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வியட்நாம் அரசுத்தலைவர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="ประธานาธิบดีเวียดนาม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประธานาธิบดีเวียดนาม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_t%E1%BB%8Bch_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_x%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam" title="Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="越南社會主義共和國主席 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="越南社會主義共和國主席" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="越南社会主义共和国主席 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="越南社会主义共和国主席" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q866680#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Socialist_Vietnam" title="List of presidents of Socialist Vietnam">List of presidents of Socialist Vietnam</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">President of the<br />Socialist Republic of Vietnam</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: normal;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Chủ tịch nước<br /> Cộng hoà xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg/180px-Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg/240px-Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="529" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Vietnam" title="Emblem of Vietnam">Emblem of Vietnam</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_in_Chile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_in_Chile.jpg/220px-L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_in_Chile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_in_Chile.jpg/330px-L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_in_Chile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_in_Chile.jpg/440px-L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_in_Chile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="1027" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a><br /></div>since 21 October 2024</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">Mr. President</a> (informal)<br /><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a> (diplomatic)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Committee of the Communist Party</a></li><li>Central Police Party Committee</li><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Military Commission</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly of Vietnam">National Assembly</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_National_Defense_and_Security_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council for National Defense and Security (Vietnam)">Council for National Defense and Security</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Hanoi" title="Presidential Palace, Hanoi">Presidential Palace</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nominator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_Assembly" title="Standing Committee of the National Assembly">Standing Committee of the National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Vietnam)">National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Five years,<br />no term limits</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituting instrument</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Vietnam" title="Constitution of Vietnam">Constitution of Vietnam</a> (2014)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugural holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Hồ Chí Minh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">2 September 1945<span class="noprint">; 79 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1945-09-02</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Vietnam" title="Vice President of Vietnam">Vice President</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data">30,420,000<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Vietnamese đồng">₫</a> monthly<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vpctn.gov.vn">Official website (Vietnamese)</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Chủ tịch nước Cộng hoà xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, elected by the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly of Vietnam">National Assembly of Vietnam</a> from its delegates. Since Vietnam is a <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party state</a>, candidates for the post are nominated by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam</a>. The officeholder is generally considered to hold the second-highest position<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the political system, practically after the <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam">general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam</a>. As head of state, the president represents Vietnam both domestically and internationally, and maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government and safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the country. </p><p>The president must be a delegate of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly of Vietnam">National Assembly</a>. In addition, the president has traditionally been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Committee of the Communist Party</a> and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Politburo</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Committee of the Communist Party</a> nominates candidates to the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_Assembly" title="Standing Committee of the National Assembly">Standing Committee of the National Assembly</a>, which then confirms and nominates those candidates for official <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Vietnam" title="Elections in Vietnam">election</a> by all delegates of the National Assembly. </p><p>The president appoints the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Vietnam" title="Vice President of Vietnam">vice president</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">prime minister</a>, ministers, and other officials with the consent of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Vietnam)">National Assembly</a>. The president is furthermore the nominal supreme <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Armed_Forces" title="Vietnam People's Armed Forces">Vietnam People's Armed Forces</a> and chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Council_for_National_Defense_and_Security_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council for National Defense and Security (Vietnam)">Council for National Defense and Security</a>. Additionally, the president is also a member of <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">the Central Military Commission</a> and the Central Police Party Committee. Since September 2011, the president is also the chairman of the Central Steering Committee for Judicial Reform. </p><p>The powers and prestige of the office of president have varied over the years. For instance, while the inaugural president, <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Hồ Chí Minh</a>, was also the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party</a>, making him (in that capacity) the first ranking member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Politburo</a>, the highest decision-making body in Vietnam, his successor, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BA%AFng" title="Tôn Đức Thắng">Tôn Đức Thắng</a>, was not a member of the Politburo and served as a symbolic figure under General Secretary <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Du%E1%BA%A9n" title="Lê Duẩn">Lê Duẩn</a>. Since <a href="/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Chinh" title="Trường Chinh">Trường Chinh</a>'s ascension to the presidency, the president has been ranked 1st (if concurrently served as General Secretary) or 2nd in the order of precedence of the Communist Party's Politburo, except for President <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Minh_Tri%E1%BA%BFt" title="Nguyễn Minh Triết">Nguyễn Minh Triết</a> (who ranked fourth) and President <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_Ch%C3%AD_C%C3%B4ng" title="Võ Chí Công">Võ Chí Công</a> (who ranked third). Four persons served concurrently as head of both the party and state: <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Hồ Chí Minh</a> (1951–1969), <a href="/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Chinh" title="Trường Chinh">Trường Chinh</a> (1986), <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Nguyễn Phú Trọng">Nguyễn Phú Trọng</a> (2018–2021), and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4_L%C3%A2m" title="Tô Lâm">Tô Lâm</a> (2024). </p><p>The tenure of the presidency is five years, and a president can only serve three terms. If the president becomes unable to discharge duties of office, the vice president will assume the acting presidency on an interim basis until the president resumes duty, or until the election of a new president by the National Assembly. Vice President <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_Th%E1%BB%8B_%C3%81nh_Xu%C3%A2n" title="Võ Thị Ánh Xuân">Võ Thị Ánh Xuân</a> served as acting president of Vietnam twice, in 2023 and 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her predecessor, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7ng_Th%E1%BB%8B_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Th%E1%BB%8Bnh" title="Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh">Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh</a>, was the first woman in Vietnamese history to assume the (acting) presidency following the death of President <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Quang" title="Trần Đại Quang">Trần Đại Quang</a> in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a> is the incumbent president of Vietnam, serving in this role since 21 October 2024, succeeding General Secretary Tô Lâm.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Hồ Chí Minh</a> was appointed Vietnam's first president in 1946 by the National Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-Politicalsystem_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politicalsystem-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1959 Constitutions stated that the National Assembly had the power to appoint and dismiss the president. The president represented Vietnam both internally and externally. The power and responsibilities of the president in 1946 constitution is very similar to the power and responsibilities of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a> with elements from the <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">president of France</a> being both the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>. The 1959 constitution significantly reduced the power of the president, making the president the <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> leader of Vietnam while handling most of the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> power to the post of <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam</a>. The 1980 constitution transformed the office of <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> dramatically. The office of president was abolished and replaced with the office of Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of State (Vietnam)">Council of State</a> (CC). The CC chairmanship was modelled after the Soviet office of <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">Chairman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a>. The Council of State, as with the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ministers (Vietnam)">Council of Ministers</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">collective decision-making body</a>. Both the Council of State and the Council of Ministers were part of the executive branch; the strengthening of these institutions weakened the role of the legislative branch.<sup id="cite_ref-cs_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The duties, powers and responsibilities of the Council of State were taken from the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_Assembly" title="Standing Committee of the National Assembly">Standing Committee of the National Assembly</a>, which lost most of its powers and prestige in the 1980. </p><p>The members of the Council of State were elected by the National Assembly and consisted of a chairman, deputy chairmen, a general secretary and other members. Council of State members could not concurrently be members of the Council of Ministers. The chairman of the Council of State was concurrently chairman of the National Defense Council (later the National Defense and Security Council) and <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Armed_Forces" title="Vietnam People's Armed Forces">Vietnam People's Armed Forces</a>. The Council of State supervised the works of other institutions, most notably the Council of Ministers, the Supreme People's Organ for Control and the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Council_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Council (Vietnam)">People's Councils</a> at all levels. It also presided over the elections of the National Assembly. The office of Chairman of the Council of State, the head of state, was abolished in the 1992 Constitution and replaced by the office of President. </p><p>The importance of the president has not remained constant throughout Vietnamese history. For instance, while Hồ Chí Minh was ranked as first member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Politburo</a>, the highest decision-making body in Vietnam, his successor, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BA%AFng" title="Tôn Đức Thắng">Tôn Đức Thắng</a>, was a symbolic figure with little power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuong2008135_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuong2008135-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The post of head of state was strengthened in the 1980 Constitution by the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Chinh" title="Trường Chinh">Trường Chinh</a> who was, by order of precedence, the second-highest-ranking member in the Politburo, behind <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Du%E1%BA%A9n" title="Lê Duẩn">Lê Duẩn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorter199377_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorter199377-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The office of president retained the second highest rank in the Politburo order of precedence until <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Minh_Tri%E1%BA%BFt" title="Nguyễn Minh Triết">Nguyễn Minh Triết</a> was appointed in 2006; he ranked fourth in the Politburo hierarchy. The Politburo elected in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">11th National Party Congress</a> (held in January 2011) by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Committee</a> elected <a href="/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_T%E1%BA%A5n_Sang" title="Trương Tấn Sang">Trương Tấn Sang</a> as the first-ranking member of the Politburo.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first time in Vietnamese history where the highest-ranking member of the Politburo does not hold post of either <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam">general secretary</a> or chairman (was in existence from 1951 to 1969) of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Trương Tấn Sang is first-ranked member of the Politburo, he is the body's unofficial head. Politburo meetings are held regularly; decisions within the Politburo are made through <a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">collective decision-making</a>, and policies are only enacted if a majority of Politburo members supports them.<sup id="cite_ref-charter_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Term_of_office">Term of office</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Term of office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The president is selected for a term of office of five years. The term of office of the incumbent president continues until the president-elect takes office. </p><p>On assuming office, the president takes the following oath before the parliament: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> In my capacity as President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, I swear complete allegiance to the country, people, and constitution; to fulfill the tasks assigned by the State, and people.<sup id="cite_ref-President_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-President-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_President_Power_Structure_in_Vietnam.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_President_Power_Structure_in_Vietnam.png/950px-The_President_Power_Structure_in_Vietnam.png" decoding="async" width="950" height="638" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/The_President_Power_Structure_in_Vietnam.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duties,_powers_and_responsibilities"><span id="Duties.2C_powers_and_responsibilities"></span>Duties, powers and responsibilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Duties, powers and responsibilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Politics of Vietnam">Politics of Vietnam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Combined_flags_of_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam_and_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Combined_flags_of_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam_and_Vietnam.svg/200px-Combined_flags_of_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam_and_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Combined_flags_of_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam_and_Vietnam.svg/300px-Combined_flags_of_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam_and_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Combined_flags_of_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam_and_Vietnam.svg/400px-Combined_flags_of_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam_and_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="298" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Concepts <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">Collective leadership</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></dd></dl></li> <li>Organizations <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Information_and_Education" title="Commission for Information and Education">Commission for Information and Education</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Central_Theoretical_Council_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Theoretical Council of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Theoretical Council</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_D%C3%A2n" title="Nhân Dân">Nhân Dân</a></i></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Vietnam" title="Constitution of Vietnam">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitutional_history_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitutional history of Vietnam (page does not exist)">History</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1946_Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1946 Constitution of Vietnam (page does not exist)">1946</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Constitution of Vietnam (page does not exist)">1959</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980_Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980 Constitution of Vietnam (page does not exist)">1980</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Constitution of Vietnam (page does not exist)">1992</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_Constitution_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 Constitution of Vietnam (page does not exist)">2013</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">National Party Congress</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/13th_National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">13th</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Committee</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/13th_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">13th</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam">General Secretary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4_L%C3%A2m" title="Tô Lâm">Tô Lâm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Politburo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/13th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="13th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">13th</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Secretariat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/13th_Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="13th Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam">13th</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Member_of_the_Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Permanent Member</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BA%A7n_C%E1%BA%A9m_T%C3%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trần Cẩm Tú (page does not exist)">Trần Cẩm Tú</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Military Commission</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9325_term_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="2020–25 term of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">2020–25</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Secretary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4_L%C3%A2m" title="Tô Lâm">Tô Lâm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Secretary_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deputy Secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam (page does not exist)">Deputy Secretary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phan_V%C4%83n_Giang" title="Phan Văn Giang">Phan Văn Giang</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Inspection_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Inspection Commission</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/13th_Central_Inspection_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="13th Central Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">13th</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Inspection_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Chairman of the Central Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Chairman</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Duy_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyễn Duy Ngọc (page does not exist)">Nguyễn Duy Ngọc</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legislative</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Vietnam)">National Assembly</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_National_Assembly_of_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th National Assembly of Vietnam (page does not exist)">14th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_Assembly" title="Standing Committee of the National Assembly">Standing Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam">Chairman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Thanh_M%E1%BA%ABn" title="Trần Thanh Mẫn">Trần Thanh Mẫn</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Provincial People's Councils</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of Vietnam">Presidency</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of Vietnam">list</a>) <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4_L%C3%A2m" title="Tô Lâm">Tô Lâm</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Vietnam" title="Vice President of Vietnam">Vice President</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Vietnam" title="List of prime ministers of Vietnam">list</a>): <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Phạm Minh Chính</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam">Deputy Prime Ministers</a>: <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%E1%BB%85n_H%C3%B2a_B%C3%ACnh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyễn Hòa Bình (page does not exist)">Nguyễn Hòa Bình</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_H%E1%BB%93ng_H%C3%A0" title="Trần Hồng Hà">Trần Hồng Hà</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%AA_Th%C3%A0nh_Long&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lê Thành Long (page does not exist)">Lê Thành Long</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Ph%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Hồ Đức Phớc">Hồ Đức Phớc</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B9i_Thanh_S%C6%A1n" title="Bùi Thanh Sơn">Bùi Thanh Sơn</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam" title="Government of Vietnam">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Vietnam" title="State Bank of Vietnam">Governor of the State Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Ethnic_Minority_Affairs" title="Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs">Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Fatherland_Front" title="Vietnamese Fatherland Front">Fatherland Front</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Central Committee <dl><dd><span class="nowrap">Chairman: <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%97_V%C4%83n_Chi%E1%BA%BFn" title="Đỗ Văn Chiến">Đỗ Văn Chiến</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap">Gen. Secretary: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Th%E1%BB%8B_Thu_H%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà (page does not exist)">Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà</a></span></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Communist_Youth_Union" title="Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union">Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union</a> <dl><dd>Central Committee</dd> <dd>First Secretary <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B9i_Quang_Huy" title="Bùi Quang Huy">Bùi Quang Huy</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_General_Confederation_of_Labour" title="Vietnam General Confederation of Labour">Vietnam General Confederation of Labour</a></li> <li>Viet Nam Farmer's Union</li> <li>Vietnam Women’s Union</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Military</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Military Commission</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4_L%C3%A2m" title="Tô Lâm">Tô Lâm</a></dd> <dd>Deputy Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Phan_V%C4%83n_Giang" title="Phan Văn Giang">Phan Văn Giang</a></dd></dl></li> <li>Commander-in-Chief <dl><dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Ground_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam People's Ground Force">Ground Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy" title="Vietnam People's Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Air Defense-Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Coast_Guard" title="Vietnam Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Border_Guard" title="Vietnam Border Guard">Border Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Public Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnam_People%27s_Security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vietnam People's Security (page does not exist)">Security forces</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnam_People%27s_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vietnam People's Police (page does not exist)">Police forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnam_Civil_Defence_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vietnam Civil Defence Force (page does not exist)">Civil Defence Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_and_Security_Council" title="National Defense and Security Council">National Defense and Security Council</a></div> <dl><dd>Chairman: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a></dd> <dd>Vice-chairman: <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Phạm Minh Chính</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Vietnam" title="Judicial system of Vietnam">Judiciary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vietnam" title="Law of Vietnam">Law</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Vietnam)">National Assembly</a> <ul><li>Justice Committee</li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a> <ul><li>Steering Committee of the Central Judicial Reform <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4_L%C3%A2m" title="Tô Lâm">Tô Lâm</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Supreme People's Court</a> <dl><dd><span class="nowrap">Chief Justice: <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%AA_Minh_Tr%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lê Minh Trí (page does not exist)">Lê Minh Trí</a></span></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuracy_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam">Supreme People's Procuracy</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuracy_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam">Procurator-General</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Huy_Ti%E1%BA%BFn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyễn Huy Tiến (page does not exist)">Nguyễn Huy Tiến</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign relations of Vietnam">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Vietnam)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Vietnam)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Vietnam)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Vietnam)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B9i_Thanh_S%C6%A1n" title="Bùi Thanh Sơn">Bùi Thanh Sơn</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Vietnam" title="List of diplomatic missions of Vietnam">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Vietnam" title="List of diplomatic missions in Vietnam">in Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_diplomacy" title="Bamboo diplomacy">Bamboo diplomacy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_passport" title="Vietnamese passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Vietnamese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Vietnamese citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Vietnam" title="Visa policy of Vietnam">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Vietnam" title="Foreign aid to Vietnam">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_and_the_World_Bank" title="Vietnam and the World Bank">Vietnam and the World Bank</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Vietnam" title="Elections in Vietnam">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Subdivisions of Vietnam">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Vietnam" title="Human rights in Vietnam">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/48px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/64px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam portal</a> </p> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Template:Politics of Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Politics of Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Palace_of_Vietnam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Presidential_Palace_of_Vietnam.jpg/220px-Presidential_Palace_of_Vietnam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Presidential_Palace_of_Vietnam.jpg/330px-Presidential_Palace_of_Vietnam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Presidential_Palace_of_Vietnam.jpg/440px-Presidential_Palace_of_Vietnam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Hanoi" title="Presidential Palace, Hanoi">Presidential Palace</a>, Hanoi</figcaption></figure> <p>The president is the head of state of Vietnam, and his main priority is to represent Vietnam internally and externally.<sup id="cite_ref-Politicalsystem_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politicalsystem-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The officeholder is elected by the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly of Vietnam">National Assembly of Vietnam</a>, is responsible to it and reports to it. The tenure of the president is five years, the same as that of the National Assembly. The president continues to serve in his functions until the National Assembly elects a successor. The president has the following executive and legislative powers: </p> <ul><li>To promulgate laws, decree-laws and the Constitution,</li> <li>To suspend the implementation or abrogation of the documents of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">prime minister</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam">deputy prime minister</a> which contravene the Constitution and the Laws</li> <li>To act as the country's <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> and holds the office of Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Council_for_National_Defense_and_Security_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council for National Defense and Security (Vietnam)">the National Defense and Security Council of Vietnam</a>,</li> <li>To convene meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Council_for_National_Defense_and_Security_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council for National Defense and Security (Vietnam)">National Defense and Security Council of Vietnam</a>,</li> <li>The president shall take measures to protect the sovereignty of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">the Socialist Republic of Vietnam</a> its independence and state integrity, and ensure concerted functioning and interaction of all bodies of state power,</li> <li>To propose to the National Assembly the election or dismissal from office of the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Vietnam" title="Vice President of Vietnam">vice president</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">prime minister</a>, the chief justice of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Supreme People's Court</a> and the head of the Supreme People's Office of Supervision and Control,</li> <li>The president has the right to preside over meetings of the Government of Vietnam,</li> <li>To appoint or dismiss officials, staff and employees of the Office of the President,</li> <li>To appoint or dismiss deputy prime ministers, ministers and other members of the government,</li> <li>To proclaim a state of war or <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a>,</li> <li>On the basis of a Standing Committee resolution, the president can order a general or partial mobilisation, or can proclaim a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> nationwide or in a particular region,</li> <li>To propose that the Standing Committee review its decree-laws and resolutions on matters stipulated in Points 8 and 9, Article 91, within the space of ten days following their adoption; if those decree-laws and resolutions are again passed by the Standing Committee of the National Assembly with the country's president dissenting, the latter shall report the matter to the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Vietnam)">National Assembly</a> for it to decide the issue at its nearest session,</li> <li>To appoint or dismiss the deputy Chief justice and judges of the Supreme People's Court and the deputy director of the Supreme People's Office of Supervision and Control,</li> <li>To appoint or dismiss the <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Vietnam_People%27s_Army" title="General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army">chief of general staff</a>, vice chief of general staff, chief of the General Department of Politics and the vice chief of the General Political Department</li> <li>To confer titles and ranks on senior officers of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Armed_Forces" title="Vietnam People's Armed Forces">Vietnam People's Armed Forces</a> and bestows "diplomatic titles and ranks, and other State titles and ranks; to confer medals, badges and State honours and distinctions",</li> <li>To appoint and recall ambassadors extraordinary and plenipotentiary, and receive foreign ambassadors extraordinary and plenipotentiary, to negotiate and sign international agreements on behalf of the Socialist Republic with the heads of other states; he can approve or join international agreements, except in cases where a decision by the National Assembly is necessary,</li> <li>To grant Vietnamese nationality, release from Vietnamese nationality, or deprive of Vietnamese nationality,</li> <li>To hold Head of Steering Committee of the Central Judicial Reform,</li> <li>To supervise the detection and handles all corrupt behaviors,</li> <li>To hold Director of the Economic Council.</li></ul> <p>The National Defense and Security Council (NDSC) is composed of the president, the prime minister and other members. The members of the NDSC are proposed by the president and approved by the National Assembly. NDSC members do not need to be members of the National Assembly. The decision-making process of the NDSC is that of a <a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">collective leadership</a>. Among its powers is the right to mobilise all forces in the name of national defense, and in case of war the National Assembly can entrust the NDSC with special duties and powers. </p><p>From the current <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Vietnam" title="Constitution of Vietnam">Constitution of Vietnam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Television_and_mass_media_in_Vietnam" title="Television and mass media in Vietnam">Vietnamese media</a> has described the presidency to be relatively similar to the presidents of <a href="/wiki/President_of_Singapore" title="President of Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Austria" title="President of Austria">Austria</a>...which are largely <a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">ceremonial positions</a>, however, the Vietnamese president still have certain, even though unclear, <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judicial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative</a> powers as designed by the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hands, presidents of Vietnam are regularly one of the top-ranked members of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam</a>, making them practically among the most influential figures of the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Politics of Vietnam">Vietnamese politics</a> alongside the constitutional powers that they gained from their formal presidency. The former president <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_V%C4%83n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng" title="Võ Văn Thưởng">Võ Văn Thưởng</a> was listed as the fourth-ranking figure in the current CPV Politburo, and <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Nguyễn Phú Trọng">Nguyễn Phú Trọng</a> served as the state's president from 2018 to 2021 while being the incumbent <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam">General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam</a>, the title for the highest-ranking member in the Politburo as well as in the whole <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party of Vietnam</a> that he had held undisrupted since 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succession">Succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Inheritance" title="Category:Inheritance">a series</a> on<br /><b><span style="font-size:115%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Orders of succession</a></span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ddddff;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.2em 0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency" title="Presidency">Presidencies</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_presidential_line_of_succession" title="Argentine presidential line of succession">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Austria#Succession" title="President of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_presidential_line_of_succession" title="Brazilian presidential line of succession">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_presidential_line_of_succession" title="Colombian presidential line of succession">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_China#Line_of_succession" title="President of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_presidential_line_of_succession" title="Dominican presidential line of succession">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Succession" title="President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt#Succession" title="President of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland#Incapacity_and_succession" title="President of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_France#Succession_and_incapacity" title="President of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany#Succession" title="President of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India#Succession" title="President of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia#Line_of_succession_and_impeachment" title="President of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_and_Acting_President_of_Israel" title="Interim and Acting President of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy#Succession" title="President of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland#Absence_of_a_president" title="President of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea#Order_of_succession" title="President of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico#Succession" title="President of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_presidential_line_of_succession" title="Nigerian presidential line of succession">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_presidential_line_of_succession" title="Pakistani presidential line of succession">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Peru#Line_of_succession" title="President of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_presidential_line_of_succession" title="Philippine presidential line of succession">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acting_President_of_Poland" title="Acting President of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal#Succession" title="President of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania#Succession" title="President of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_presidential_line_of_succession" title="Sri Lankan presidential line of succession">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China#Succession" title="President of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_presidential_line_of_succession" title="Uruguayan presidential line of succession">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Order_of_succession">Vietnam</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidential_orders_of_succession" title="Template:Presidential orders of succession"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidential_orders_of_succession" title="Template talk:Presidential orders of succession"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidential_orders_of_succession" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidential orders of succession"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p>According to Article 93 of the Constitution of Vietnam (2013): </p><p>"When the President is incapacitated from work over a long period of time, the Vice President shall act as President. In case of vacancy of the Presidency, the Vice President shall serve as acting President until a new President is elected by the National Assembly." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Socialist_Vietnam" title="List of presidents of Socialist Vietnam">List of presidents of Socialist Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Vietnam" title="List of heads of state of Vietnam">List of heads of state of Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spouses_of_Vietnamese_presidents" title="List of spouses of Vietnamese presidents">List of spouses of Vietnamese presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Vietnam" title="Vice President of Vietnam">Vice President of Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Prime Minister of Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam">Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_National_Defense_and_Security_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council for National Defense and Security (Vietnam)">Council for National Defense and Security (Vietnam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam">General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_officeholders_in_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="List of central officeholders in the Communist Party of Vietnam">List of central officeholders in the Communist Party of Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_transports_of_heads_of_state_and_government#Vietnam" title="Air transports of heads of state and government">Air transports of heads of state and government</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Xuân has assumed the acting presidency twice: the first time between the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Xu%C3%A2n_Ph%C3%BAc" title="Nguyễn Xuân Phúc">Nguyễn Xuân Phúc</a> on 18 January 2023 and the election of <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_V%C4%83n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng" title="Võ Văn Thưởng">Võ Văn Thưởng</a> on 2 March 2023, and the second time between the resignation of <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_V%C4%83n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng" title="Võ Văn Thưởng">Võ Văn Thưởng</a> on 21 March 2024 and the election of <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4_L%C3%A2m" title="Tô Lâm">Tô Lâm</a> on 22 May 2024.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dantri.com.vn/lao-dong-viec-lam/bang-luong-cua-lanh-dao-cap-cao-khi-tang-luong-co-so-len-234-trieu-dong-20240704094950182.htm">"Bảng lương của lãnh đạo cấp cao khi tăng lương cơ sở lên 2,34 triệu đồng"</a>. Dân trí. 4 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B%E1%BA%A3ng+l%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+c%E1%BB%A7a+l%C3%A3nh+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o+c%E1%BA%A5p+cao+khi+t%C4%83ng+l%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+c%C6%A1+s%E1%BB%9F+l%C3%AAn+2%2C34+tri%E1%BB%87u+%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng&rft.pub=D%C3%A2n+tr%C3%AD&rft.date=2024-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdantri.com.vn%2Flao-dong-viec-lam%2Fbang-luong-cua-lanh-dao-cap-cao-khi-tang-luong-co-so-len-234-trieu-dong-20240704094950182.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://congdoanhaiphong.vn/tin-tuc-su-kien/danh-muc-trong/bo-chinh-tri-quy-dinh-4-chuc-danh-lanh-dao-chu-chot-cua-dang-nha-nuoc-4300.html">"Bộ Chính Trị Quy Định 4 Chức Danh Lãnh Đạo Chủ Chốt Của Đảng, Nhà Nước"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=B%E1%BB%99+Ch%C3%ADnh+Tr%E1%BB%8B+Quy+%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh+4+Ch%E1%BB%A9c+Danh+L%C3%A3nh+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o+Ch%E1%BB%A7+Ch%E1%BB%91t+C%E1%BB%A7a+%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng%2C+Nh%C3%A0+N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcongdoanhaiphong.vn%2Ftin-tuc-su-kien%2Fdanh-muc-trong%2Fbo-chinh-tri-quy-dinh-4-chuc-danh-lanh-dao-chu-chot-cua-dang-nha-nuoc-4300.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/2165432/nguyen-thi-ngoc-thinh-becomes-first-female-president">"New Vietnamese president is first woman to hold office"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 2018-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=New+Vietnamese+president+is+first+woman+to+hold+office&rft.date=2018-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fasia%2Fsoutheast-asia%2Farticle%2F2165432%2Fnguyen-thi-ngoc-thinh-becomes-first-female-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dantri.com.vn/xa-hoi/ong-luong-cuong-giu-chuc-chu-tich-nuoc-20241020215545176.htm">"Ông Lương Cường giữ chức Chủ tịch nước"</a>. 21 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%94ng+L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng+gi%E1%BB%AF+ch%E1%BB%A9c+Ch%E1%BB%A7+t%E1%BB%8Bch+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc&rft.date=2024-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdantri.com.vn%2Fxa-hoi%2Fong-luong-cuong-giu-chuc-chu-tich-nuoc-20241020215545176.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Politicalsystem-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Politicalsystem_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Politicalsystem_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/English/TheSocialistRepublicOfVietnam/AboutVietnam/AboutVietnamDetail?categoryId=10000103&articleId=10001578">"Political system"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam" title="Government of Vietnam">Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Political+system&rft.pub=Government+of+the+Socialist+Republic+of+Vietnam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinhphu.vn%2Fportal%2Fpage%2Fportal%2FEnglish%2FTheSocialistRepublicOfVietnam%2FAboutVietnam%2FAboutVietnamDetail%3FcategoryId%3D10000103%26articleId%3D10001578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cs-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cs_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_J._Cima1987" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ronald J. Cima (December 1987). Ronald J. Cima (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/cntrystd.vn"><i>Vietnam: A Country Study</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+vn0103)">Constitutional Evolution</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.pages=Constitutional+Evolution&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division&rft.date=1987-12&rft.au=Ronald+J.+Cima&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.loc.gov%2Floc.gdc%2Fcntrystd.vn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuong2008135-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuong2008135_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuong2008">Duong 2008</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorter199377-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorter199377_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPorter1993">Porter 1993</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.gov.vn/Home/Party-Congress-announces-CPVCC-Politburo-members/20111/9872.vgp">"Party Congress announces CPVCC Politburo members"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam" title="Government of Vietnam">Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam</a>. 19 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Congress+announces+CPVCC+Politburo+members&rft.pub=Government+of+the+Socialist+Republic+of+Vietnam&rft.date=2011-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.gov.vn%2FHome%2FParty-Congress-announces-CPVCC-Politburo-members%2F20111%2F9872.vgp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_writer" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Staff writer. "Political Bureau". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328062934/http://123.30.190.43:8080/tiengviet/tulieuvankien/banchaphanh/details.asp?topic=105&subtopic=211&leader_topic=505&id=BT20120662321"><i>Ban chấp hành Trung ương, Bộ Chính trị, Ban Bí thư</i></a> [<i>Central Committee, Politburo, Secretariat</i>] (in Vietnamese). <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party of Vietnam</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">I–</span>X. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://123.30.190.43:8080/tiengviet/tulieuvankien/banchaphanh/details.asp?topic=105&subtopic=211&leader_topic=505&id=BT20120662321">the original</a> on 28 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Political+Bureau&rft.btitle=Ban+ch%E1%BA%A5p+h%C3%A0nh+Trung+%C6%B0%C6%A1ng%2C+B%E1%BB%99+Ch%C3%ADnh+tr%E1%BB%8B%2C+Ban+B%C3%AD+th%C6%B0&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3EI-%3C%2Fspan%3EX&rft.pub=Communist+Party+of+Vietnam&rft.au=Staff+writer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F123.30.190.43%3A8080%2Ftiengviet%2Ftulieuvankien%2Fbanchaphanh%2Fdetails.asp%3Ftopic%3D105%26subtopic%3D211%26leader_topic%3D505%26id%3DBT20120662321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_writer" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Staff writer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baoyenbai.com.vn/11/70144/Dong_chi_Nguyen_Phu_Trong_duoc_bau_lam_Tong_Bi_thu.htm">"Đồng chí Nguyễn Phú Trọng được bầu làm Tổng Bí thư"</a> [Mr. Nguyen Phu Trong is elected General Secretary]. <i>Bao Yen Bai</i> (in Vietnamese). <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party of Vietnam</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bao+Yen+Bai&rft.atitle=%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng+ch%C3%AD+Nguy%E1%BB%85n+Ph%C3%BA+Tr%E1%BB%8Dng+%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c+b%E1%BA%A7u+l%C3%A0m+T%E1%BB%95ng+B%C3%AD+th%C6%B0&rft.au=Staff+writer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baoyenbai.com.vn%2F11%2F70144%2FDong_chi_Nguyen_Phu_Trong_duoc_bau_lam_Tong_Bi_thu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-charter-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-charter_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_writer" class="citation web cs1">Staff writer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125053016/http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=30106&cn_id=443473">"Điều lệ Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam thông qua tại Đại hội đại biểu toàn quốc lần thứ XI của Đảng"</a> [The Charter of the Communist Party of Vietnam which was approved at the 11th National Congress]. <a href="/wiki/11th_National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=30106&cn_id=443473">the original</a> on 25 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u+l%E1%BB%87+%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+C%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+th%C3%B4ng+qua+t%E1%BA%A1i+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+h%E1%BB%99i+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+bi%E1%BB%83u+to%C3%A0n+qu%E1%BB%91c+l%E1%BA%A7n+th%E1%BB%A9+XI+c%E1%BB%A7a+%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng&rft.pub=11th+National+Congress+of+the+Communist+Party+of+Vietnam&rft.au=Staff+writer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpv.org.vn%2Fcpv%2FModules%2FNews%2FNewsDetail.aspx%3Fco_id%3D30106%26cn_id%3D443473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-President-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-President_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_writer" class="citation web cs1">Staff writer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tuoitrenews.vn/politics/34070/general-tran-dai-quang-named-vietnams-new-president">"the president takes the following oath before the National Congress"</a>. <a href="/wiki/13th_National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=the+president+takes+the+following+oath+before+the+National+Congress&rft.pub=13th+National+Congress+of+the+Communist+Party+of+Vietnam&rft.au=Staff+writer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftuoitrenews.vn%2Fpolitics%2F34070%2Fgeneral-tran-dai-quang-named-vietnams-new-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBảo_Hà" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bảo Hà. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vnexpress.net/thiet-che-chu-tich-nuoc-viet-nam-ke-tu-nam-1945-3826845.html">"Thiết chế Chủ tịch nước Việt Nam kể từ năm 1945"</a> [Institution of the President of Vietnam from 1945]. <i><a href="/wiki/VnExpress" title="VnExpress">VnExpress</a></i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VnExpress&rft.atitle=Thi%E1%BA%BFt+ch%E1%BA%BF+Ch%E1%BB%A7+t%E1%BB%8Bch+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+k%E1%BB%83+t%E1%BB%AB+n%C4%83m+1945&rft.au=B%E1%BA%A3o+H%C3%A0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvnexpress.net%2Fthiet-che-chu-tich-nuoc-viet-nam-ke-tu-nam-1945-3826845.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tulieuvankien.dangcongsan.vn/ban-chap-hanh-trung-uong-dang/bo-chinh-tri/khoa-xiii">"Bộ Chính trị - Khóa XIII | Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng"</a> [<a href="/wiki/13th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="13th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">13th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam</a>]. <i>Documentation</i>. <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party of Vietnam</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Documentation&rft.atitle=B%E1%BB%99+Ch%C3%ADnh+tr%E1%BB%8B+-+Kh%C3%B3a+XIII+%7C+Ban+Ch%E1%BA%A5p+h%C3%A0nh+Trung+%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftulieuvankien.dangcongsan.vn%2Fban-chap-hanh-trung-uong-dang%2Fbo-chinh-tri%2Fkhoa-xiii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuong2008" class="citation book cs1">Duong, Van Nguyen (2008). <i>The Tragedy of the Vietnam War: A South Vietnamese Officer's Analysis</i>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786432851" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786432851"><bdi>978-0786432851</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tragedy+of+the+Vietnam+War%3A+A+South+Vietnamese+Officer%27s+Analysis&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0786432851&rft.aulast=Duong&rft.aufirst=Van+Nguyen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter1993" class="citation book cs1">Porter, Gareth (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vietnampoliticso00port"><i>Vietnam: The Politics of Bureaucratic Socialism</i></a></span>. Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801421686" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801421686"><bdi>978-0801421686</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+The+Politics+of+Bureaucratic+Socialism&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0801421686&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvietnampoliticso00port&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Vietnam&#124;link=Vietnam_Heads_of_state_of_Vietnam_since_1945573" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_Vietnam" title="Template:Heads of state of Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Heads of state of Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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Vietnam">Heads of state of Vietnam</a> since 1945</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Empire of Vietnam</a> <br /> (1945)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_(1945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Empire of Vietnam"><img alt="Empire of Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Empire of Vietnam</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i" title="Bảo Đại">Bảo Đại</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">Democratic Republic of Vietnam</a> <br /> (North Vietnam; 1945–1976)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Vietnam_(1955%E2%80%931976).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="North Vietnam"><img alt="North Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>North Vietnam</figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BB%B3nh_Th%C3%BAc_Kh%C3%A1ng" title="Huỳnh Thúc Kháng">Huỳnh Thúc Kháng</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BA%AFng" title="Tôn Đức Thắng">Tôn Đức Thắng</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Vietnam" title="State of Vietnam">State</a> / <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">Republic of Vietnam</a> <br /> (South Vietnam; 1949–1975)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="South Vietnam"><img alt="South Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/25px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/38px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/50px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>South Vietnam</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i" title="Bảo Đại">Bảo Đại</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diem" title="Ngo Dinh Diem">Ngô Đình Diệm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_V%C4%83n_Minh" title="Dương Văn Minh">Dương Văn Minh</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Kh%C3%A1nh" title="Nguyễn Khánh">Nguyễn Khánh</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>Provisional Leadership Committee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_V%C4%83n_Minh" title="Dương Văn Minh">Dương Văn Minh</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phan_Kh%E1%BA%AFc_S%E1%BB%ADu" title="Phan Khắc Sửu">Phan Khắc Sửu</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Thi%E1%BB%87u" title="Nguyễn Văn Thiệu">Nguyễn Văn Thiệu</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_V%C4%83n_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Trần Văn Hương">Trần Văn Hương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_V%C4%83n_Minh" title="Dương Văn Minh">Dương Văn Minh</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Socialist Republic of Vietnam</a> <br /> (1976–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/25px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/38px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/50px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Vietnam</figcaption></figure> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BA%AFng" title="Tôn Đức Thắng">Tôn Đức Thắng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_H%E1%BB%AFu_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Nguyễn Hữu Thọ">Nguyễn Hữu Thọ</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Chinh" title="Trường Chinh">Trường Chinh</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_Ch%C3%AD_C%C3%B4ng" title="Võ Chí Công">Võ Chí Công</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Anh" title="Lê Đức Anh">Lê Đức Anh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Trần Đức Lương">Trần Đức Lương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Minh_Tri%E1%BA%BFt" title="Nguyễn Minh Triết">Nguyễn Minh Triết</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_T%E1%BA%A5n_Sang" title="Trương Tấn Sang">Trương Tấn Sang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Quang" title="Trần Đại Quang">Trần Đại Quang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7ng_Th%E1%BB%8B_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Th%E1%BB%8Bnh" title="Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh">Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Nguyễn Phú Trọng">Nguyễn Phú Trọng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Xu%C3%A2n_Ph%C3%BAc" title="Nguyễn Xuân Phúc">Nguyễn Xuân Phúc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_Th%E1%BB%8B_%C3%81nh_Xu%C3%A2n" title="Võ Thị Ánh Xuân">Võ Thị Ánh Xuân</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_V%C4%83n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng" title="Võ Văn Thưởng">Võ Văn Thưởng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_Th%E1%BB%8B_%C3%81nh_Xu%C3%A2n" title="Võ Thị Ánh Xuân">Võ Thị Ánh Xuân</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4_L%C3%A2m" title="Tô Lâm">Tô Lâm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><sup>1</sup>acting</li> <li><sup>2</sup>military</li> <li><sup>3</sup>Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of State (Vietnam)">Council of State</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vietnam_articles574" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vietnam_topics" title="Template:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vietnam_topics" title="Template talk:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vietnam_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vietnam_articles574" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vietnam-related_articles" title="Index of Vietnam-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam" title="History of Vietnam">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_capitals_of_Vietnam" title="List of historical capitals of Vietnam">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_dynasties" title="List of Vietnamese dynasties">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Vietnam" title="Economic history of Vietnam">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Vietnam" title="Military history of Vietnam">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Vietnam" title="Names of Vietnam">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Vietnam" title="Naval history of Vietnam">Naval</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Timeline43" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Vietnamese_history" title="Timeline of Vietnamese history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Prehistoric_period" title="History of Vietnam">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Ancient_period_(2879–111_BC)" title="History of Vietnam">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Chinese_domination_(111_BC–938_AD)" title="History of Vietnam">Chinese dominated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Monarchical_period_(938–1858)" title="History of Vietnam">Monarchical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Modern_period_(1858–present)" title="History of Vietnam">French colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Vietnam (1945–present)">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vietnam" title="Geography of Vietnam">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Vietnam" title="Template:Borders of Vietnam">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Vietnam" title="Climate of Vietnam">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Vietnam" title="Climate change in Vietnam">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Vietnam" title="List of ecoregions in Vietnam">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Vietnam" title="Environmental issues in Vietnam">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Vietnam" title="Protected areas of Vietnam">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Vietnam" title="List of national parks of Vietnam">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Vietnam" title="Wildlife of Vietnam">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Vietnam" title="List of mammals of Vietnam">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Vietnam" title="List of birds of Vietnam">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Vietnam" title="List of non-marine molluscs of Vietnam">Molluscs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_species_in_Vietnam" title="List of endangered species in Vietnam">Endangered species</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Vietnam" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Vietnam">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Subdivisions of Vietnam">Divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district-level_subdivisions_in_Vietnam" title="List of district-level subdivisions in Vietnam">District-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune-level_subdivisions_(Vietnam)" title="Commune-level subdivisions (Vietnam)">Commune-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_divisions_of_Vietnam" title="Electoral divisions of Vietnam">Electoral units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Vietnam" title="List of regions of Vietnam">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Vietnam" title="Northern Vietnam">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Hong (Red) River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_(Vietnam)" title="Northeast (Vietnam)">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_(Vietnam)" title="Northwest (Vietnam)">Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Vietnam" title="Central Vietnam">Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Coast" title="North Central Coast">North Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Coast" title="South Central Coast">South Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Vietnam)" title="Central Highlands (Vietnam)">Central Highlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Vietnam" title="Southern Vietnam">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_(Vietnam)" title="Southeast (Vietnam)">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Politics of Vietnam">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Censorship in Vietnam">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Vietnam" title="Constitution of Vietnam">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Fatherland_Front" title="Vietnamese Fatherland Front">Fatherland Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign relations of Vietnam">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Vietnam" title="Human rights in Vietnam">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Vietnam">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vietnam" title="Law of Vietnam">Law</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Member_of_the_Secretariat" title="Permanent Member of the Secretariat">Permanent Member of the Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_officeholders_in_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="List of central officeholders in the Communist Party of Vietnam">History of central officeholders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Politburo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Inspection_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Inspection Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Military Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Vietnam" title="Vice President of Vietnam">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam" title="Government of Vietnam">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam">Deputy Prime Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Ministers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly of Vietnam">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_Assembly" title="Standing Committee of the National Assembly">Standing Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Vietnam" title="Elections in Vietnam">Elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Vietnam" title="Judicial system of Vietnam">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Supreme People's Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuracy_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam">Supreme People's Procuracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuracy_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam">Procurator-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Courts_of_Vietnam" title="Military Courts of Vietnam">Military Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Vietnam">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Military Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_and_Security_Council" title="National Defense and Security Council">National Defense and Security Council</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Armed forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam#Main_force" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Ground Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Border_Guard" title="Vietnam Border Guard">Border Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy" title="Vietnam People's Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Coast_Guard" title="Vietnam Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Public Security</a> <br /> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Armed_Forces#Vietnam_Civil_Defense_Force" title="Vietnam People's Armed Forces">Militia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Armed_Forces#Vietnam_Self-Defence_Militia" title="Vietnam People's Armed Forces">Self-Defence Militia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vietnam" title="Economy of Vietnam">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Vietnam" title="Agriculture in Vietnam">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Vietnam" title="Banking in Vietnam">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_M%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đổi Mới"><i>Doi Moi</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">("Renovation")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Vietnamese đồng">Đồng <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Vietnam" title="Energy in Vietnam">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Vietnam" title="Renewable energy in Vietnam">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Vietnam" title="Nuclear power in Vietnam">Nuclear power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Vietnam" title="List of power stations in Vietnam">Power stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Vietnam" title="Foreign aid to Vietnam">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign trade of Vietnam">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_Vietnam" title="Five-Year Plans of Vietnam">Five-Year Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Vietnam" title="Manufacturing in Vietnam">Manufacturing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Standards" title="Vietnam Standards">Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Vietnam" title="Automotive industry in Vietnam">Automotive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Vietnam" title="Poverty in Vietnam">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Vietnam" title="Science and technology in Vietnam">Science and Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_medicine" title="Traditional Vietnamese medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_units_of_measurement" title="Vietnamese units of measurement">Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Vietnamese inventions and discoveries">Inventions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Vietnam" title="Telecommunications in Vietnam">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Vietnam" title="Internet in Vietnam">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Internet censorship in Vietnam">Censorship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Vietnam" title="Tourism in Vietnam">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Vietnam" title="Visa policy of Vietnam">Visa policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Vietnam" title="Water supply and sanitation in Vietnam">Water supply</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Vietnam" title="Transport in Vietnam">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_transport_in_Vietnam" title="Air transport in Vietnam">Air transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Vietnam" title="List of airports in Vietnam">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Vietnam" title="Rail transport in Vietnam">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_Vietnam" title="Expressways of Vietnam">Expressways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Vietnam" title="Category:Society of Vietnam">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Vietnam" title="Education in Vietnam">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Vietnam" title="List of universities in Vietnam">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Vietnam" title="Health in Vietnam">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Vietnam" title="HIV/AIDS in Vietnam">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">COVID-19</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Vietnam" title="Crime in Vietnam">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Vietnam" title="Gambling in Vietnam">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Vietnam" title="Prostitution in Vietnam">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Vietnam" title="Sex trafficking in Vietnam">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Vietnam" title="Human trafficking in Vietnam">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Vietnam" title="Corruption in Vietnam">Corruption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vietnam" title="Public holidays in Vietnam">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Vietnam" title="Time in Vietnam">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Vietnam" title="Women in Vietnam">Women</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Vietnam" title="Demographics of Vietnam">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eunuchs_in_Vietnam" title="Eunuchs in Vietnam">Eunuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Vietnamese" title="Overseas Vietnamese">Overseas community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_phonology" title="Vietnamese phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language_and_computers" title="Vietnamese language and computers">Language and computers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="List of ethnic groups in Vietnam">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Vietnam" title="Racism in Vietnam">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Folk religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism_in_Vietnam" title="Taoism in Vietnam">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Vietnam" title="Christianity in Vietnam">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Vietnam" title="Islam in Vietnam">Islam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vietnam" title="Culture of Vietnam">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFn_Qu%C3%A2n_Ca" title="Tiến Quân Ca">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_architecture" title="Vietnamese architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_art" title="Vietnamese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Vietnam" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Vietnam">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_animation" title="Vietnamese animation">Animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing" title="Vietnamese clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_dishes" title="List of Vietnamese dishes">Dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_ingredients" title="List of Vietnamese ingredients">Ingredients</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Vietnam" title="Dance in Vietnam">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Vietnam" title="Emblem of Vietnam">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_traditional_festivals_in_Vietnam" title="List of traditional festivals in Vietnam">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vietnam" title="Flag of Vietnam">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_literature" title="Vietnamese literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_poetry" title="Vietnamese poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_and_mass_media_in_Vietnam" title="Television and mass media in Vietnam">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Television" title="Vietnam Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_News_Agency" title="Vietnam News Agency">News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Vietnam" title="Voice of Vietnam">Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Vietnam" title="List of newspapers in Vietnam">Newspapers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vietnam" title="Music of Vietnam">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V-pop" title="V-pop">V-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_musical_instruments" title="Traditional Vietnamese musical instruments">Traditional musical instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_philosophy" title="Vietnamese philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Vietnam" title="Communism in Vietnam">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_nationalism" title="Vietnamese nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Vietnam" title="Socialism in Vietnam">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism_in_Vietnam" title="Trotskyism in Vietnam">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_Dignity_Theory" title="Person Dignity Theory">Person Dignity Theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Vietnam" title="Sport in Vietnam">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_traditional_games" title="List of Vietnamese traditional games">Traditional games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_martial_arts" title="Vietnamese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Vietnam" title="National symbols of Vietnam">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Vietnam" title="Theatre of Vietnam">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_studies" title="Vietnamese studies">Vietnamese studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vietnam" title="Outline of Vietnam">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vietnam-related_articles" title="Index of Vietnam-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vietnam" title="Category:Vietnam">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_Southeast_Asian_countries273" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Southeast_Asian_leaders" title="Template:Southeast Asian leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Southeast_Asian_leaders" title="Template talk:Southeast Asian leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Southeast_Asian_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Southeast Asian leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_Southeast_Asian_countries273" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of Southeast Asian countries</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads of state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_Brunei" title="List of sultans of Brunei">Brunei (Monarch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Cambodia" title="List of heads of state of Cambodia">Cambodia (Monarch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">Indonesia (President)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Indonesia" title="List of presidents of Indonesia">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Laos" title="President of Laos">Laos (President)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">Malaysia (Monarch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Myanmar" title="President of Myanmar">Myanmar (President)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Myanmar" title="List of presidents of Myanmar">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">Philippines (President)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Singapore" title="President of Singapore">Singapore (President)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Singapore" title="List of presidents of Singapore">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thailand (Monarch)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Thai_monarchs" title="List of Thai monarchs">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Timor-Leste" title="President of Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste (President)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vietnam (President)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of Vietnam">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Brunei" title="Prime Minister of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Cambodia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Cambodia" title="List of prime ministers of Cambodia">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Indonesia" title="List of presidents of Indonesia">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Laos" title="Prime Minister of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Myanmar" title="Prime Minister of Myanmar">Myanmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Myanmar" title="List of prime ministers of Myanmar">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">Philippines</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Thailand</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Thailand" title="List of prime ministers of Thailand">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Timor-Leste" title="Prime Minister of Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Vietnam</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Vietnam" title="List of prime ministers of Vietnam">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Supreme_Leader" class="extiw" title="wikt:Supreme Leader">Supreme leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Lao_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party" title="General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_State_Administration_Council" title="Chairman of the State Administration Council">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">heads of state</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Burmese_monarchs" title="List of Burmese monarchs">Burma (Monarch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies (Governor-General)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indonesia" title="Prime Minister of Indonesia">Indonesia (Prime Minister)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Laos" title="List of monarchs of Laos">Laos (Monarch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Counsellor_of_Myanmar" title="State Counsellor of Myanmar">Myanmar (State Counsellor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_state_leaders_in_the_Philippines" title="List of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines">Philippines</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Philippines" title="Governor-General of the Philippines">(Governor-General)</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Philippines" title="Prime Minister of the Philippines">(Prime Minister)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_South_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaders of South Vietnam">South Vietnam (leaders)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:lavender;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_ASEAN" title="Secretary-General of ASEAN">ASEAN</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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