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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A" title="ببروني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ببروني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Πεπερόνι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πεπερόνι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پپرونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پپرونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%ED%8D%BC%EB%A1%9C%EB%8B%88" title="페퍼로니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페퍼로니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Պեպերոնի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պեպերոնի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पेपरोनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पेपरोनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="פפרוני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פפרוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peperoni" title="Peperoni – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peperoni" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पेपरोनी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पेपरोनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%91%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8B" title="ペパロニ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペパロニ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peperoni" title="Peperoni – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Peperoni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Пеперони – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пеперони" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni_(korv)" title="Pepperoni (korv) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pepperoni (korv)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="เพปเพอโรนี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เพปเพอโรนี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Пепероні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пепероні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pepperoni" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Ingredients generally used</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Food energy</a><br /><span style="font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;">(per 100 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a> serving)</span></div></th><td class="infobox-data nutrition">460 <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">kcal</a> (1926 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule">kJ</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Nutrition" title="Nutrition">Nutritional value</a><br /><span style="font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;">(per 100 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a> serving)</span></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.75em;padding-right:0.35em;line-height:1.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">23 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.75em;padding-right:0.35em;line-height:1.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">40.2 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.75em;padding-right:0.35em;line-height:1.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrate</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">4 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pepperoni" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pepperoni">Media: Pepperoni</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pepperoni</b> is a variety of spicy <a href="/wiki/Salami" title="Salami">salami</a> made from <a href="/wiki/Curing_(food_preservation)" title="Curing (food preservation)">cured</a> <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a> seasoned with <a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">paprika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>. </p><p>Prior to cooking, pepperoni is characteristically soft, slightly smoky, and bright red. Sliced pepperoni is one of the most popular <a href="/wiki/Pizza_topping" class="mw-redirect" title="Pizza topping">pizza toppings</a> in American pizzerias. </p><p>Traditionally made pepperonis curl into "cups" in the pizza oven's intense heat; commercialization of the production of pepperoni created slices that would lie flat on the pizza. The curled "cup and char" style of pepperoni remained popular in pockets of the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepperoni&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>pepperoni</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">borrowing</a> of <i>peperoni</i>, the plural of <i>peperone</i>, the Italian word for <a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">bell pepper</a>. The first use of <i>pepperoni</i> to refer to a sausage dates to 1916 at the latest.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Italian, the word <i><a href="/wiki/Peperoncino" title="Peperoncino">peperoncino</a></i> refers to hot and spicy <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepperoni&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1919, <a href="/wiki/Italian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian American">Italian immigrants</a> in New York City created pepperoni.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Curing_(food_preservation)" title="Curing (food preservation)">cured</a> dry sausage, with similarities to the spicy salamis of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">southern Italy</a> on which it is based, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Salsiccia" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsiccia">salsiccia</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Soppressata" title="Soppressata">soppressata</a></i>. The main differences are that pepperoni is less spicy, has a finer grain (akin to spiceless salami from Milan), is usually softer in texture, and is usually produced with the use of an <a href="/wiki/Casing_(sausage)#Artificial_casings" class="mw-redirect" title="Casing (sausage)">artificial casing</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepperoni&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Pepperoni, Pork</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,940 kJ (460 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">4 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">40.2 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">20.35 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Pepperoni is made from pork or from a mixture of pork and beef.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey meat</a> is also commonly used as a substitute, but the use of poultry in pepperoni must be appropriately labeled in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is typically seasoned with <a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">paprika</a> or other chili pepper.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to cooking, pepperoni is characteristically soft, slightly smoky, and bright red.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Meat_preservation#Nitrates_and_nitrites" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat preservation">Curing with nitrates or nitrites</a> (usually used in modern curing agents to protect against <a href="/wiki/Botulism" title="Botulism">botulism</a> and other forms of microbiological decay) also contributes to pepperoni's reddish color, by reacting with <a href="/wiki/Heme" title="Heme">heme</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Myoglobin" title="Myoglobin">myoglobin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteinaceous</a> components of the meat.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Serving">Serving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepperoni&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Serving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pizza_slice_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Pizza_slice_icon.png/80px-Pizza_slice_icon.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Pizza_slice_icon.png/120px-Pizza_slice_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Pizza_slice_icon.png/160px-Pizza_slice_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Main articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_pizza" title="History of pizza">History of pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_delivery" title="Pizza delivery">Pizza delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pizza_varieties_by_country" title="List of pizza varieties by country">List of pizza varieties by country</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Styles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_al_taglio" title="Pizza al taglio">Al taglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altoona-style_pizza" title="Altoona-style pizza">Altoona-style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_pizza" title="Beach pizza">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California-style_pizza" title="California-style pizza">California-style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago-style_pizza" title="Chicago-style pizza">Chicago-style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado-style_pizza" title="Colorado-style pizza">Colorado-style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton-style_pizza" title="Dayton-style pizza">Dayton-style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit-style_pizza" title="Detroit-style pizza">Detroit-style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focaccia_al_rosmarino" class="mw-redirect" title="Focaccia al rosmarino">Focaccia al rosmarino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugazza" title="Fugazza">Fugazza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandma_pizza" title="Grandma pizza">Grandma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_pizza" title="Greek pizza">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_pizza" title="Happy pizza">Happy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_pizza" title="Iranian pizza">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pizza_varieties_by_country#Italy" title="List of pizza varieties by country">Lazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_pizza" title="Matzah pizza">Matzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Pizza" title="Mexican Pizza">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza" title="Neapolitan pizza">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven%E2%80%93style_pizza" title="New Haven–style pizza">New Haven–style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza" title="New York–style pizza">New York–style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Valley-style_pizza" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Valley-style pizza">Ohio Valley-style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_pizza" title="Pan pizza">Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictou_County_pizza" title="Pictou County pizza">Pictou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzetta" title="Pizzetta">Pizzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_City%E2%80%93style_pizza" title="Quad City–style pizza">Quad City–style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_pizza" title="Roman pizza">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardenara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardenara">Sardenara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_pizza" title="Sicilian pizza">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_crust_pizza" title="Stuffed crust pizza">Stuffed crust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushi_pizza" title="Sushi pizza">Sushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_pizza" title="St. Louis–style pizza">St. Louis–style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavern-style_pizza" title="Tavern-style pizza">Tavern-style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_tomato_pie" title="Italian tomato pie">Italian tomato pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_tomato_pie" title="Trenton tomato pie">Trenton tomato pie</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Topping varieties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_capricciosa" title="Pizza capricciosa">Capricciosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_pizza" title="Chocolate pizza">Chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_pizza" title="Hawaiian pizza">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab_pizza" title="Kebab pizza">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatball#Americas" title="Meatball">Meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_pugliese" title="Pizza pugliese">Pugliese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_quattro_formaggi" title="Pizza quattro formaggi">Quattro formaggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_quattro_stagioni" title="Pizza quattro stagioni">Quattro stagioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_pizza" title="Seafood pizza">Seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_pizza" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaghetti pizza">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taco_pizza" title="Taco pizza">Taco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_pizza" title="White pizza">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clam_pie#Pizza" title="Clam pie">White clam pie</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Cooking variations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal-fired_pizza" title="Coal-fired pizza">Coal-fired</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-fried_pizza" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep-fried pizza">Deep-fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grilled_pizza" class="mw-redirect" title="Grilled pizza">Grilled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_cake" title="Pizza cake">Pizza cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_Margherita" title="Pizza Margherita">Margherita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_marinara" title="Pizza marinara">Marinara</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Tools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_cutter" title="Pizza cutter">Pizza cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_saver" title="Pizza saver">Pizza saver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Pizza stone">Pizza stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_(tool)" title="Peel (tool)">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonry_oven" title="Masonry oven">Masonry oven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzaluna" title="Mezzaluna">Mezzaluna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_box" title="Pizza box">Pizza box</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Events</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Pizza_Festival_%26_Bake-Off" title="Long Island Pizza Festival & Bake-Off">Long Island Pizza Festival & Bake-Off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pizza_Month" title="National Pizza Month">National Pizza Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Pizza_Championship" title="World Pizza Championship">World Pizza Championship</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Frozen pizza brands</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagel_Bites" title="Bagel Bites">Bagel Bites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeste_(frozen_pizza)" title="Celeste (frozen pizza)">Celeste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiGiorno" title="DiGiorno">DiGiorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellio%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellio's">Ellio's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodfella%27s" title="Goodfella's">Goodfella's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandiosa" title="Grandiosa">Grandiosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Run_Inn" title="Home Run Inn">Home Run Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Oetker" title="Dr. Oetker">Dr. Oetker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo%27s_Pizza" title="Palermo's Pizza">Palermo's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_Pops" title="Pizza Pops">Pizza Pops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richelieu_Foods" title="Richelieu Foods">Richelieu Foods</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Private_label" title="Private label">private label</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwan%27s_Company" title="Schwan's Company">Schwan's Company</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Private_label" title="Private label">private label</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombstone_(pizza)" title="Tombstone (pizza)">Tombstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totino%27s" title="Totino's">Totino's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Wagner" title="Nestlé Wagner">Wagner</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Lists of pizza chains</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pizza_chains" title="List of pizza chains">List of pizza chains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pizza_franchises" title="List of pizza franchises">List of pizza franchises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_pizza_chains" title="List of Canadian pizza chains">List of Canadian pizza chains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pizza_chains_of_the_United_States" title="List of pizza chains of the United States">List of pizza chains of the United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By country</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_pizza" title="Argentine pizza">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_in_Canada" title="Pizza in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_in_China" title="Pizza in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_in_North_Korea" title="Pizza in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_in_the_United_States" title="Pizza in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_effect" title="Pizza effect">Pizza effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumbo_slice" title="Jumbo slice">Jumbo slice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_by_the_slice" title="Pizza by the slice">Pizza by the slice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_cheese" title="Pizza cheese">Pizza cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza-ghetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Pizza-ghetti">Pizza-ghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_party" title="Pizza party">Pizza party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_theorem" title="Pizza theorem">Pizza theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_Rat" title="Pizza Rat">Pizza Rat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/None_Pizza_with_Left_Beef" title="None Pizza with Left Beef">None Pizza with Left Beef</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Similar dishes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_bagel" title="Pizza bagel">Pizza bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calzone" title="Calzone">Calzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca_(pastry)" title="Coca (pastry)">Coca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cong_you_bing" title="Cong you bing">Cong you bing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farinata" title="Farinata">Farinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarte_flamb%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarte flambée">Flammkuchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focaccia" title="Focaccia">Focaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_fingers" title="Garlic fingers">Garlic fingers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahmacun" title="Lahmacun">Lahmacun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manakish" title="Manakish">Manakish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerotti" title="Panzerotti">Panzerotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratha" title="Paratha">Paratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastrmajlija" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastrmajlija">Pastrmajlija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pissaladi%C3%A8re" title="Pissaladière">Pissaladière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_Pops" title="Pizza Pops">Pizza Pops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_puff" title="Pizza puff">Pizza puff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_rolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Pizza rolls">Pizza rolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quesadilla" title="Quesadilla">Quesadilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardenara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardenara">Sardenara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage_bread" title="Sausage bread">Sausage bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaccia" title="Scaccia">Scaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfiha" title="Sfiha">Sfiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromboli_(food)" title="Stromboli (food)">Stromboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttapam" title="Uttapam">Uttapam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pizza" title="Template:Pizza"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pizza" title="Template talk:Pizza"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pizza" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pizza"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sliced pepperoni is one of the most popular pizza toppings in American pizzerias.<sup id="cite_ref-pizza_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pizza-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>Convenience Store Decisions</i>, in 2009 Americans consumed 251.7 million pounds (114.2 million kilograms) of pepperoni annually, on 36% of all pizzas produced nationally.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pepperoni is also used as the filling of the <a href="/wiki/Pepperoni_roll" title="Pepperoni roll">pepperoni roll</a>, a popular regional snack in West Virginia and neighboring areas.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Canadian province of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, deep fried pepperoni served on its own (usually with a <a href="/wiki/Honey_mustard" class="mw-redirect" title="Honey mustard">honey mustard</a> dipping sauce) is common <a href="/wiki/Pub_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Pub food">pub food</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cup_and_char">Cup and char</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepperoni&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cup and char"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:My_Tomato_Pie_Pizza_and_Calzone_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/My_Tomato_Pie_Pizza_and_Calzone_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/220px-My_Tomato_Pie_Pizza_and_Calzone_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/My_Tomato_Pie_Pizza_and_Calzone_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="182" /></a><figcaption>Cup and char pepperoni</figcaption></figure><p>Pepperoni has a tendency to curl up from the edges in the heat of a pizza oven; historically all pepperonis showed at least some of this tendency to curl in the oven because of their natural casings.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As commercial suppliers became the main suppliers to pizza shops, they developed a fibrous synthetic casing which is intended to be stripped from the pepperoni before it is sliced.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in a pepperoni that does not curl.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An additional benefit of non-curling pepperoni is that it eliminates the small deposits of hot grease that formed in the cupped pepperoni, therefore also eliminating any possible liability for customers who burn themselves on it.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original style became known as "cup and char" pepperoni and remains popular in parts of the midwest and Great Lakes areas, particularly around Cleveland, Ohio, and Buffalo, New York, and regained popularity in other areas in the 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is more expensive to produce.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepperoni&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/anchorage-times-pepperoni/148162481/">"Fresh from the Smokehouse"</a>. <i>Anchorage Times</i>. Anchorage, AK. October 28, 1916. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2024</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anchorage+Times&rft.atitle=Fresh+from+the+Smokehouse&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1916-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fanchorage-times-pepperoni%2F148162481%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepperoni" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuestenmacher2023" class="citation book cs1">Kuestenmacher, Simon (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0JFfEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA78"><i>Marvellous Maps: Our changing world in 40 amazing maps</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Welbeck_Publishing_Group" title="Welbeck Publishing Group">Welbeck Publishing Group</a>. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781803380247" title="Special:BookSources/9781803380247"><bdi>9781803380247</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marvellous+Maps%3A+Our+changing+world+in+40+amazing+maps&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Welbeck+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9781803380247&rft.aulast=Kuestenmacher&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0JFfEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepperoni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDADailyValues-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDADailyValues_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"</a>. <i>FDA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327175201/https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepperoni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_MedicineHealth_and_Medicine_DivisionFood_and_Nutrition_BoardCommittee_to_Review_the_Dietary_Reference_Intakes_for_Sodium_and_Potassium2019" class="citation book cs1">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/25353/chapter/8#120">"Chapter 4: Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy"</a>. In Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). <i>Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium</i>. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). pp. 120–121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F25353">10.17226/25353</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1"><bdi>978-0-309-48834-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154">30844154</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Potassium%3A+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Adequacy&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+National+Academies+Collection%3A+Reports+funded+by+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.pages=120-121&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press+%28US%29&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30844154&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F25353&rft.isbn=978-0-309-48834-1&rft.au=National+Academies+of+Sciences%2C+Engineering%2C+and+Medicine&rft.au=Health+and+Medicine+Division&rft.au=Food+and+Nutrition+Board&rft.au=Committee+to+Review+the+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnap.nationalacademies.org%2Fread%2F25353%2Fchapter%2F8%23120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepperoni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuiCulbertson2006" class="citation book cs1">Hui, Yiu H.; Culbertson, J. D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=brdM8-ahRg4C&pg=SA72-PA68"><i>Handbook of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering</i></a>. CRC Press. p. 72-68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-9848-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-9848-3"><bdi>978-0-8493-9848-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Food+Science%2C+Technology%2C+and+Engineering&rft.pages=72-68&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-9848-3&rft.aulast=Hui&rft.aufirst=Yiu+H.&rft.au=Culbertson%2C+J.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbrdM8-ahRg4C%26pg%3DSA72-PA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepperoni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Food Standards and Labelling Policy Book</i>, USDA, pp. 133–134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoskin2011" class="citation news cs1">Moskin, Julia (February 1, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/02/dining/02pepperoni.html">"Pepperoni: America's Favorite Topping"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2013</span>. <q>According to a survey done by Technomic's MenuMonitor from July to September 2011 based on 235 different pizza places in America pepperoni and plain cheese were the #1 and #2 most popular pizzas ordered.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=America%27s+Most+Popular+Pizza+Toppings&rft.date=2011-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2011%2F10%2F05%2Ftop-10-pizza-toppings_n_996388.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepperoni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cstoredecisions.com/2009/05/31/pizza-palates-changing/">"Pizza Palates Changing"</a>. <i>CStore Decisions</i>. May 31, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928193133/https://cstoredecisions.com/2009/05/31/pizza-palates-changing/">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2013</span>. <q>Pepperoni is by far America's favorite topping, (36% of all pizza orders). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Great+Pepperoni+Debate%3A+Should+It+Lie+Flat+on+Your+Pizza+Or+Curl+Up%3F&rft.date=2019-03-12&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Lukas&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-great-pepperoni-debate-should-it-lay-flat-on-your-pizza-or-curl-up-11552410779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepperoni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez-Alt2012" class="citation web cs1">López-Alt, J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Serious+Eats&rft.atitle=The+Food+Lab%3A+Why+Does+Pepperoni+Curl%3F&rft.date=2012-12&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez-Alt&rft.aufirst=J.+Kenji&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fslice.seriouseats.com%2F2012%2F12%2Fthe-pizza-lab-why-does-pepperoni-curl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepperoni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooke2019" class="citation web cs1">Brooke, Eliza (February 8, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ny.eater.com/2019/2/8/18214007/roni-cup-and-char-pepperoni-pizza-nyc-trend-instagram-ace-endico-ezzo-restaurants">"How Tiny, Curly Pepperonis Took Over NYC's Pizza Market"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Eater_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="Eater NY">Eater NY</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buffalo+News&rft.atitle=Cup-and-char+crunch%3A+Buffalo%27s+beloved+pepperoni+in+short+supply&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft.aulast=Tsujimoto&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbuffalonews.com%2Fentertainment%2Fdining%2Fcup-and-char-crunch-buffalos-beloved-pepperoni-in-short-supply%2Farticle_65038dfe-2517-11eb-bd3e-4b89a546a449.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepperoni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDave2022" class="citation web cs1">Dave, Large (August 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i95rock.com/like-roni-cup-pizza-you-should-thank-brewsters-ace-endico/">"Like Roni Cup Pizza? You Should Thank Brewster's Ace Endico"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=I95_ROCK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I95 ROCK (page does not exist)">i95 ROCK</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tasting+Table&rft.atitle=Why+Does+Some+Pepperoni+Curl+When+Cooked%3F&rft.date=2022-04-08&rft.aulast=Peng&rft.aufirst=Jen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tastingtable.com%2F825828%2Fwhy-does-some-pepperoni-curl-when-cooked%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APepperoni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepperoni&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Smith, Andrew F. (2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AoWlCmNDA3QC&pg=PT474&dq=pepperoni">"Pepperoni"</a>. <i>The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink</i>. p. 447. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195307968" title="Special:BookSources/0195307968">0195307968</a>.</li> <li>Palumbo, S. A., et al. (January 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1976.tb01090.x/abstract">"Microbiology and Technology of the Pepperoni Process"</a> (abstract). <i>Journal of Food Science</i>. Volume 41, Issue 1. pages 12–17. <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li>Palumbo, S. A. et al. (July 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1977.tb12660.x/abstract">"Kinetics of Pepperoni Drying"</a> (abstract). <i>Journal of Food Science</i>. Volume 42, Issue 4. pages 1029–1033. <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sausage" title="Template talk:Sausage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sausage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sausage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sausage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">Sausage</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sausage_casing" title="Sausage casing">Casings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sausages" title="List of sausages">List of sausages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sausage_dishes" title="List of sausage dishes">List of sausage dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage_making" title="Sausage making">Sausage making</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salami_aka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salami"><img alt="Salami" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Salami_aka.jpg/97px-Salami_aka.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Salami_aka.jpg/146px-Salami_aka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Salami_aka.jpg/194px-Salami_aka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="829" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fresh sausage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kielbasa#Poland" title="Kielbasa">Biała kiełbasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boerewors" title="Boerewors">Boerewors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudin" title="Boudin">Boudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verse_Worst" class="mw-redirect" title="Verse Worst">Braadworst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratwurst" title="Bratwurst">Bratwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_sausage" title="Breakfast sausage">Breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carniolan_sausage" title="Carniolan sausage">Carniolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipolata" title="Chipolata">Chipolata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotechino" title="Cotechino">Cotechino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debrecener" title="Debrecener">Debrecener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knackwurst" title="Knackwurst">Knackwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohlwurst" title="Kohlwurst">Kohlwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupati" title="Kupati">Kupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausages_in_Italian_cuisine" title="Sausages in Italian cuisine">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_sausage" title="Italian sausage">Italian American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loukaniko" title="Loukaniko">Loukaniko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merguez" title="Merguez">Merguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuringian_sausage" title="Thuringian sausage">Thüringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weisswurst" title="Weisswurst">Weisswurst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermented_sausage" title="Fermented sausage">Dry sausage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salami" title="Salami">Salami</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cacciatore" title="Cacciatore">Cacciatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciauscolo" title="Ciauscolo">Ciauscolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa_salami" title="Genoa salami">Genoa salami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soppressata" title="Soppressata">Soppressata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasky" title="Prasky">Prasky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salame_ticinese" title="Salame ticinese">Ticinese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_sausage" title="Chinese sausage">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorizo" title="Chorizo">Chorizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuet" title="Fuet">Fuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landj%C3%A4ger" title="Landjäger">Landjäger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longaniza" title="Longaniza">Longaniza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukanka" title="Lukanka">Lukanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metworst" title="Metworst">Metworst</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pepperoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsiz" title="Salsiz">Salsiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saucisson" title="Saucisson">Saucisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobrassada" title="Sobrassada">Sobrassada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujuk" title="Sujuk">Sujuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Smoked sausage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andouille" title="Andouille">Andouille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_sausages" title="Hungarian sausages">Kolbász</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krakowska" class="mw-redirect" title="Krakowska">Krakowska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulen" title="Kulen">Kulen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon_bologna" title="Lebanon bologna">Lebanon bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingui%C3%A7a" title="Linguiça">Linguiça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mettwurst" title="Mettwurst">Mettwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morteau_sausage" title="Morteau sausage">Morteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rookworst" title="Rookworst">Rookworst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skilandis" title="Skilandis">Skilandis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teewurst" title="Teewurst">Teewurst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooked sausage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battered_sausage" title="Battered sausage">Battered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna_sausage" title="Bologna sausage">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botifarra" title="Botifarra">Botifarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratwurst" title="Bratwurst">Bratwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweiger_(sausage)" title="Braunschweiger (sausage)">Braunschweiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BChwurst" title="Brühwurst">Brühwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervelat" title="Cervelat">Cervelat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A3_l%E1%BB%A5a" title="Chả lụa">Chả lụa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_sausage" title="Cumberland sausage">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falukorv" title="Falukorv">Falukorv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_W%C3%BCrstchen" title="Frankfurter Würstchen">Frankfurter Würstchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Galler_Bratwurst" title="St. Galler Bratwurst">St. Galler Bratwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelbwurst" title="Gelbwurst">Gelbwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">Hot dog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog_variations" title="Hot dog variations">variations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_hot_dog" title="Vegetarian hot dog">vegetarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_sausage" title="Lincolnshire sausage">Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorne_sausage" title="Lorne sausage">Lorne sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortadella" title="Mortadella">Mortadella</a> <ul><li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortadella_Bologna" class="extiw" title="it:Mortadella Bologna">Mortadella Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortadella_di_Prato" class="extiw" title="it:Mortadella di Prato">Mortadella di Prato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortadella_di_Campotosto" title="Mortadella di Campotosto">Mortadella of Campotosto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigs_in_blankets" title="Pigs in blankets">Pigs in blankets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saveloy" title="Saveloy">Saveloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_sausage" title="Vienna sausage">Vienna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooked smoked<br /> sausage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierwurst" title="Bierwurst">Bierwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bockwurst" title="Bockwurst">Bockwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabanos" title="Kabanos">Kabanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kielbasa" title="Kielbasa">Kielbasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precooked<br /> sausage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_pudding" title="Black pudding">Black pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_sausage" title="Blood sausage">Blood sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudin" title="Boudin">Boudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goetta" title="Goetta">Goetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggis" title="Haggis">Haggis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_cheese" title="Head cheese">Head cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaszanka" title="Kaszanka">Kaszanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishka_(food)" title="Kishka (food)">Kishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knipp" title="Knipp">Knipp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochwurst" title="Kochwurst">Kochwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverwurst" title="Liverwurst">Liverwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinkel" title="Pinkel">Pinkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryynimakkara" title="Ryynimakkara">Ryynimakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salceson" title="Salceson">Salceson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stippgr%C3%BCtze" title="Stippgrütze">Stippgrütze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundae_(sausage)" title="Sundae (sausage)">Sundae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grilled sausage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_sausage_in_large_sausage" title="Small sausage in large sausage">Small sausage in large sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongmo" title="Tongmo">Tongmo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charcuterie" title="Charcuterie">Charcuterie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_meat" title="Dried meat">Dried meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dried_foods" title="List of dried foods">List of dried foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embutido" title="Embutido">Embutidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smoked_foods" title="List of smoked foods">List of smoked foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunch_meat" title="Lunch meat">Lunch meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9" title="Pâté">Pâté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salumi" title="Salumi">Salumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallgoods" title="Smallgoods">Smallgoods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img 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