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Libya–Peru relations - Wikipedia

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<li id="toc-Libyan_crisis_(2011)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libyan_crisis_(2011)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Libyan crisis (2011)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libyan_crisis_(2011)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_since_2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_since_2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Relations since 2011</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_since_2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diplomatic_missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomatic_missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Diplomatic missions</span> </div> </a> <ul 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Libya-Peru relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Libya_Peru_Locator.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of Libya and Peru"><img alt="Map indicating locations of Libya and Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Libya_Peru_Locator.png/250px-Libya_Peru_Locator.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Libya_Peru_Locator.png/375px-Libya_Peru_Locator.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Libya_Peru_Locator.png/500px-Libya_Peru_Locator.png 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="880" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/60px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/90px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/120px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/68px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/90px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Libya–Peru relations</b> are the <a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">formal bilateral relations</a> between <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>. Both countries are members of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a>. </p><p>Peru maintained formal relations with the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Arab Jamahiriya">Libyan Arab Jamahiriya</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>, until February 21, 2011, the date on which the Peruvian government officially broke relations with Libya due to accusations of human rights violations by Gaddafi against its civilian population. Peru was the first country at the international level to break relations with Libya before the <a href="/wiki/First_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="First Libyan civil war">first Libyan civil war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-scoop_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scoop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libya%E2%80%93Peru_relations&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal conflict in Peru">internal conflict in Peru</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shining_Path" title="Shining Path">Shining Path</a> received support from Gaddafi's Libya, according to multiple sources,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> such as the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, the commercial exchange between Peru and Libya reached <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 37 million. Peruvian exports in that year reached the figure of US$23 million.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, Peruvian economist <a href="/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto_(economist)" title="Hernando de Soto (economist)">Hernando de Soto</a> advised Gaddafi on economic issues, which was highly questioned during his candidacy for the presidency of Peru during the <a href="/wiki/2021_Peruvian_general_election" title="2021 Peruvian general election">2021 general election</a>. De Soto responded to the criticisms by saying "I have advised dictators, but that is irrelevant."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gaddafi was invited to the <a href="/wiki/Summit_of_South_American-Arab_Countries" title="Summit of South American-Arab Countries">ASPA Summit</a> to be hosted in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a> in February 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> although the event was ultimately postponed until 2012 due to the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libyan_crisis_(2011)"><span id="Libyan_crisis_.282011.29"></span>Libyan crisis (2011)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libya%E2%80%93Peru_relations&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Libyan crisis (2011)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, then president of Peru <a href="/wiki/Alan_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Alan García">Alan García</a>, during his second government, expressed that "Peru suspends all diplomatic relations with Libya until the violence against the people ceases."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In addition, García was also the first president to suggest the creation of an <a href="/wiki/Exclusion_zone" title="Exclusion zone">exclusion zone</a> on Libya. The former <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Relations_(Peru)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Relations (Peru)">Minister of Foreign Relations</a> of Peru, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Gonzales_Posada" title="Luis Gonzales Posada">Luis Gonzales Posada</a>, described the government's decision as "enormous moral importance"<sup id="cite_ref-scoop_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scoop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the then Minister of Foreign Relations <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Garc%C3%ADa_Bela%C3%BAnde" title="José Antonio García Belaúnde">José Antonio García Belaúnde</a> expressed that he hopes that other Latin American countries follow suit,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> while the governments from <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> criticised the Peruvian position.<sup id="cite_ref-scoop_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scoop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 26, 2011, after breaking relations with Libya, García described the Gaddafi government as a "bloody dictatorship" and justified his management's position by saying that "we should not act as spectators of the bombings by the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_air_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan air force">Libyan air force</a> on civilian targets”, and finally said that he defends democracy and freedom in Libya.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to analysts, García's position would be related to trying to improve the image of the <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_State" title="Peruvian State">Peruvian State</a> regarding <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>, with special emphasis on criticism of the <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian government">Peruvian government</a>, especially the <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> committed by President <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a> and even during the García's first term in relation to the counterinsurgency repression during the conflict by the terrorist groups Shining Path and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru_Revolutionary_Movement" title="Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement">MRTA</a>, all of which occurred between the years 1980 and 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-scoop_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scoop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The then <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Peru" title="President of the Congress of the Republic of Peru">President of the Peruvian Congress</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Zumaeta" title="César Zumaeta">César Zumaeta</a>, similar to García, justified the position of the Peruvian government, also saying that "it is madness and an adventure for Gaddafi to want to liquidate his people with force, demonstrating a high level of intolerance" and for this reason the UN should intervene in Libya.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_since_2011">Relations since 2011</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libya%E2%80%93Peru_relations&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Relations since 2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2018, the Peruvian Foreign Ministry condemned a jihadist attack carried out against the facilities of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Libya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Libya)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Libya">State of Libya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the Peruvian government, through an official note, congratulated the end of hostilities between the warring parties in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Libyan Civil War">Second Libyan Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_missions">Diplomatic missions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libya%E2%80%93Peru_relations&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Diplomatic missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Libya is accredited to Peru from its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GD2022_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GD2022-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Peru was accredited to Libya from its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libya%E2%80%93Peru_relations&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Libya" title="Foreign relations of Libya">Foreign relations of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Peru" title="Foreign relations of Peru">Foreign relations of Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Peru_to_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ambassadors of Peru to Libya">List of ambassadors of Peru to Libya</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libya%E2%80%93Peru_relations&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-scoop-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scoop_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scoop_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scoop_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scoop_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1102/S00937/peru-s-disaffiliation-with-libya-more-than-meets-the-eye.htm">"Peru's Disaffiliation with Libya – More Than Meets the Eye"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scoop_(website)" title="Scoop (website)">Scoop</a></i>. 2011-02-27.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Mad+Dog+and+me+%E2%80%94+the+Colonel+Gadaffi+I+knew&amp;rft.aulast=Colvin&amp;rft.aufirst=Marie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fmarie-colvin-colonel-gadaffi-gaddafi-libya-mad-dog-and-me-chn0vrpjf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibya%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTisdall2011" class="citation web cs1">Tisdall, Simon (23 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/23/libya-gaddafi-vicious-despot">"Gaddafi: a vicious, sinister despot driven out on tidal wave of hatred"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2023</span> &#8211; via Yahoo News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sky+News&amp;rft.atitle=Muammar+Gaddafi%3A+The+Kitsch+Dictator&amp;rft.date=2011-09-05&amp;rft.aulast=Marshall&amp;rft.aufirst=Tim&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.news.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fmuammar-gaddafi-kitsch-dictator-162327388.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibya%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1990" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Brian Lee (1990). <i>Qaddafi, Terrorism, and the Origins of the U.S. Attack on Libya</i>. 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gob.pe/institucion/rree/noticias/311517-cese-de-hostilidades-en-el-estado-de-libia">"Cese de hostilidades en el Estado de Libia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gob.pe" class="mw-redirect" title="Gob.pe">Gob.pe</a></i>. 2020-10-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Gob.pe&amp;rft.atitle=Cese+de+hostilidades+en+el+Estado+de+Libia&amp;rft.date=2020-10-28&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gob.pe%2Finstitucion%2Frree%2Fnoticias%2F311517-cese-de-hostilidades-en-el-estado-de-libia&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibya%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> 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4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Libya" title="Foreign relations of Libya">Foreign relations of Libya</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Algeria–Libya relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Burkina Faso–Libya relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Chad–Libya relations">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Egypt–Libya relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Kenya–Libya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Liberia–Libya relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Libya–Morocco relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Libya–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="Libya–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="Libya–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Government_of_National_Unity_(Libya).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Libya"><img alt="Coat of arms of Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Seal_of_the_Government_of_National_Unity_%28Libya%29.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_Government_of_National_Unity_%28Libya%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Seal_of_the_Government_of_National_Unity_%28Libya%29.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_Government_of_National_Unity_%28Libya%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Seal_of_the_Government_of_National_Unity_%28Libya%29.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_Government_of_National_Unity_%28Libya%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Chile–Libya relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Grenada–Libya relations">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Libya–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Libya–United States relations">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan-Libya_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan-Libya relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Bangladesh–Libya relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="China–Libya relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="India–Libya relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Indonesia–Libya relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Iran–Libya relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Israel–Libya relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Lebanon–Libya relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Libya–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="Libya–North Korea relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Libya–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Libya–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Libya–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Libya–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya-Taiwan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya-Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Libya–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Libya–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="Libya–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Albania–Libya relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Belarus–Libya relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Croatia–Libya relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Czech Republic–Libya relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Denmark–Libya relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="France–Libya relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Germany–Libya relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Ireland–Libya relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Italy–Libya relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Malta_relations" title="Libya–Malta relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Libya–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Libya–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Libya–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Libya–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Libya–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Libya–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Libya–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Vanuatu_relations" title="Libya–Vanuatu relations">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Libya–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Libya" title="List of diplomatic missions of Libya">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Libya" title="List of diplomatic missions in Libya">in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Libya–European Union relations">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi">Foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=Peru&amp;#124;link=Peru_Foreign_relations_of_Peru" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Peru" title="Template:Foreign relations of Peru"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Peru" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Peru"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Peru" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Peru"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=Peru&amp;#124;link=Peru_Foreign_relations_of_Peru" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Peru" title="Foreign relations of Peru">Foreign relations of Peru</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Algeria–Peru relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Egypt–Peru relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Ghana–Peru relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Morocco–Peru relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Namibia–Peru relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic_relations" title="Peru–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Peru–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Peru"><img alt="Coat of arms of Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/90px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/135px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/180px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Argentina–Peru relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Bolivia–Peru relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Brazil–Peru relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Canada–Peru relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Chile–Peru relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Colombia–Peru relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Costa Rica–Peru relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Cuba–Peru relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Dominican Republic–Peru relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Ecuador–Peru relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="El Salvador–Peru relations">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Guatemala–Peru relations">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Honduras–Peru relations">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Mexico–Peru relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Nicaragua–Peru relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Panama–Peru relations">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Paraguay–Peru relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="Peru–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Peru–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Peru–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Peru–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Peru relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="China–Peru relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Georgia–Peru relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="India–Peru relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Indonesia–Peru relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Israel–Peru relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Japan–Peru relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Kuwait–Peru relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Malaysia–Peru relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="North Korea–Peru relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Palestine–Peru relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Peru–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Peru–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Peru–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Peru–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Peru–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Peru–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Peru–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Peru–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Peru–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Peru–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Albania–Peru relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Andorra–Peru relations">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Austria–Peru relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Belgium–Peru relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–Peru relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Croatia–Peru relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Czech Republic–Peru relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="European Union–Peru relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Finland–Peru relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="France–Peru relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Germany–Peru relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Greece–Peru relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Holy See–Peru relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Hungary–Peru relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Italy–Peru relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Ireland–Peru relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Kosovo–Peru relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Netherlands–Peru relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Norway–Peru relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Peru–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Peru–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Peru–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Peru–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Peru–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="Peru–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Peru–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Peru–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Peru–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Peru–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Peru–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Australia–Peru relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="New Zealand–Peru relations">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Peru–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Peru" title="List of diplomatic missions of Peru">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Peru" title="List of diplomatic missions in Peru">in Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Peru)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Peru)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru_and_the_United_Nations" title="Peru and the United Nations">Peru and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru_and_the_World_Bank" title="Peru and the World Bank">Peru and the World Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐7556f8b5dd‐bd7rg Cached time: 20241123004617 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.408 seconds Real time usage: 0.623 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1704/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 70111/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1027/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 77013/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.245/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5344291/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 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