Article 9. Processing of special categories of personal data | GDPR made searchable by Algolia. Chapters, articles and recitals easily readable

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src="/static/img/logo.ab423c61241b.svg" class="logo" /> </a> <h1 class="title__container"> <a href="/"> <span class="title">GDPR</span> </a> <span class="subtitle">Made searchable by <a href="https://www.algolia.com/?utm_medium=social-owned&utm_source=gdpr_search&utm_campaign=gdpr_search" target="_blank"> <img src="/static/img/algolia_logo.23c0fd3413de.svg" alt="Algolia logo"> </a> </span> </h1> </div> <div class="mainMenu"> <p class="mainMenu__title">Table of content</p> <ul> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER I</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> General provisions  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 1 - 4 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-1"> Article 1. Subject-matter and objectives </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-2"> Article 2. Material scope </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-3"> Article 3. Territorial scope </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-4"> Article 4. Definitions </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter open"> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER II</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Principles  <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 5 - 11 </span> </a> <ul style=""> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-5"> Article 5. Principles relating to processing of personal data </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-6"> Article 6. Lawfulness of processing </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-7"> Article 7. Conditions for consent </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-8"> Article 8. Conditions applicable to child's consent in relation to information society services </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-9"> Article 9. Processing of special categories of personal data </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-10"> Article 10. Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-11"> Article 11. Processing which does not require identification </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER III</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Rights of the data subject  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 12 - 23 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-12"> Article 12. Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-13"> Article 13. Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-14"> Article 14. Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-15"> Article 15. Right of access by the data subject </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-16"> Article 16. Right to rectification </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-17"> Article 17. Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’) </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-18"> Article 18. Right to restriction of processing </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-19"> Article 19. Notification obligation regarding rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-20"> Article 20. Right to data portability </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-21"> Article 21. Right to object </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-22"> Article 22. Automated individual decision-making, including profiling </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-23"> Article 23. Restrictions </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER IV</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Controller and processor  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 24 - 43 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-24"> Article 24. Responsibility of the controller </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-25"> Article 25. Data protection by design and by default </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-26"> Article 26. Joint controllers </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-27"> Article 27. Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-28"> Article 28. Processor </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-29"> Article 29. Processing under the authority of the controller or processor </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-30"> Article 30. Records of processing activities </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-31"> Article 31. Cooperation with the supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-32"> Article 32. Security of processing </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-33"> Article 33. Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-34"> Article 34. Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-35"> Article 35. Data protection impact assessment </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-36"> Article 36. Prior consultation </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-37"> Article 37. Designation of the data protection officer </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-38"> Article 38. Position of the data protection officer </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-39"> Article 39. Tasks of the data protection officer </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-40"> Article 40. Codes of conduct </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-41"> Article 41. Monitoring of approved codes of conduct </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-42"> Article 42. Certification </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-43"> Article 43. Certification bodies </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER V</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Transfers of personal data to third countries or international organisations  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 44 - 50 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-44"> Article 44. General principle for transfers </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-45"> Article 45. Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-46"> Article 46. Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-47"> Article 47. Binding corporate rules </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-48"> Article 48. Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-49"> Article 49. Derogations for specific situations </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-50"> Article 50. International cooperation for the protection of personal data </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER VI</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Independent supervisory authorities  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 51 - 59 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-51"> Article 51. Supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-52"> Article 52. Independence </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-53"> Article 53. General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-54"> Article 54. Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-55"> Article 55. Competence </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-56"> Article 56. Competence of the lead supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-57"> Article 57. Tasks </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-58"> Article 58. Powers </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-59"> Article 59. Activity reports </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER VII</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Cooperation and consistency  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 60 - 76 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-60"> Article 60. Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-61"> Article 61. Mutual assistance </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-62"> Article 62. Joint operations of supervisory authorities </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-63"> Article 63. Consistency mechanism </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-64"> Article 64. Opinion of the Board </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-65"> Article 65. Dispute resolution by the Board </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-66"> Article 66. Urgency procedure </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-67"> Article 67. Exchange of information </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-68"> Article 68. European Data Protection Board </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-69"> Article 69. Independence </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-70"> Article 70. Tasks of the Board </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-71"> Article 71. Reports </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-72"> Article 72. Procedure </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-73"> Article 73. Chair </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-74"> Article 74. Tasks of the Chair </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-75"> Article 75. Secretariat </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-76"> Article 76. Confidentiality </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER VIII</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Remedies, liability and penalties  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 77 - 84 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-77"> Article 77. Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-78"> Article 78. Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-79"> Article 79. Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-80"> Article 80. Representation of data subjects </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-81"> Article 81. Suspension of proceedings </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-82"> Article 82. Right to compensation and liability </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-83"> Article 83. General conditions for imposing administrative fines </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-84"> Article 84. Penalties </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER IX</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Provisions relating to specific processing situations  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 85 - 91 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-85"> Article 85. Processing and freedom of expression and information </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-86"> Article 86. Processing and public access to official documents </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-87"> Article 87. Processing of the national identification number </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-88"> Article 88. Processing in the context of employment </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-89"> Article 89. Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-90"> Article 90. Obligations of secrecy </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-91"> Article 91. Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER X</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Delegated acts and implementing acts  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 92 - 93 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-92"> Article 92. Exercise of the delegation </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-93"> Article 93. Committee procedure </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER XI</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Final provisions  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 94 - 99 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-94"> Article 94. Repeal of Directive 95/46/EC </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-95"> Article 95. Relationship with Directive 2002/58/EC </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-96"> Article 96. Relationship with previously concluded Agreements </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-97"> Article 97. Commission reports </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-98"> Article 98. Review of other Union legal acts on data protection </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-99"> Article 99. 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<li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER I</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> General provisions  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 1 - 4 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-1"> Article 1. Subject-matter and objectives </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-2"> Article 2. Material scope </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-3"> Article 3. Territorial scope </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-4"> Article 4. Definitions </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter open"> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER II</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Principles  <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 5 - 11 </span> </a> <ul style=""> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-5"> Article 5. Principles relating to processing of personal data </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-6"> Article 6. Lawfulness of processing </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-7"> Article 7. Conditions for consent </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-8"> Article 8. Conditions applicable to child's consent in relation to information society services </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-9"> Article 9. Processing of special categories of personal data </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-10"> Article 10. Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-11"> Article 11. Processing which does not require identification </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER III</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Rights of the data subject  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 12 - 23 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-12"> Article 12. Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-13"> Article 13. Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-14"> Article 14. Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-15"> Article 15. Right of access by the data subject </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-16"> Article 16. Right to rectification </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-17"> Article 17. Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’) </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-18"> Article 18. Right to restriction of processing </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-19"> Article 19. Notification obligation regarding rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-20"> Article 20. Right to data portability </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-21"> Article 21. Right to object </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-22"> Article 22. Automated individual decision-making, including profiling </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-23"> Article 23. Restrictions </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER IV</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Controller and processor  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 24 - 43 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-24"> Article 24. Responsibility of the controller </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-25"> Article 25. Data protection by design and by default </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-26"> Article 26. Joint controllers </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-27"> Article 27. Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-28"> Article 28. Processor </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-29"> Article 29. Processing under the authority of the controller or processor </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-30"> Article 30. Records of processing activities </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-31"> Article 31. Cooperation with the supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-32"> Article 32. Security of processing </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-33"> Article 33. Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-34"> Article 34. Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-35"> Article 35. Data protection impact assessment </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-36"> Article 36. Prior consultation </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-37"> Article 37. Designation of the data protection officer </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-38"> Article 38. Position of the data protection officer </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-39"> Article 39. Tasks of the data protection officer </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-40"> Article 40. Codes of conduct </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-41"> Article 41. Monitoring of approved codes of conduct </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-42"> Article 42. Certification </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-43"> Article 43. Certification bodies </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER V</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Transfers of personal data to third countries or international organisations  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 44 - 50 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-44"> Article 44. General principle for transfers </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-45"> Article 45. Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-46"> Article 46. Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-47"> Article 47. Binding corporate rules </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-48"> Article 48. Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-49"> Article 49. Derogations for specific situations </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-50"> Article 50. International cooperation for the protection of personal data </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER VI</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Independent supervisory authorities  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 51 - 59 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-51"> Article 51. Supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-52"> Article 52. Independence </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-53"> Article 53. General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-54"> Article 54. Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-55"> Article 55. Competence </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-56"> Article 56. Competence of the lead supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-57"> Article 57. Tasks </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-58"> Article 58. Powers </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-59"> Article 59. Activity reports </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER VII</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Cooperation and consistency  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 60 - 76 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-60"> Article 60. Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-61"> Article 61. Mutual assistance </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-62"> Article 62. Joint operations of supervisory authorities </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-63"> Article 63. Consistency mechanism </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-64"> Article 64. Opinion of the Board </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-65"> Article 65. Dispute resolution by the Board </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-66"> Article 66. Urgency procedure </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-67"> Article 67. Exchange of information </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-68"> Article 68. European Data Protection Board </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-69"> Article 69. Independence </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-70"> Article 70. Tasks of the Board </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-71"> Article 71. Reports </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-72"> Article 72. Procedure </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-73"> Article 73. Chair </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-74"> Article 74. Tasks of the Chair </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-75"> Article 75. Secretariat </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-76"> Article 76. Confidentiality </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER VIII</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Remedies, liability and penalties  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 77 - 84 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-77"> Article 77. Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-78"> Article 78. Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-79"> Article 79. Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-80"> Article 80. Representation of data subjects </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-81"> Article 81. Suspension of proceedings </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-82"> Article 82. Right to compensation and liability </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-83"> Article 83. General conditions for imposing administrative fines </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-84"> Article 84. Penalties </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER IX</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Provisions relating to specific processing situations  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 85 - 91 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-85"> Article 85. Processing and freedom of expression and information </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-86"> Article 86. Processing and public access to official documents </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-87"> Article 87. Processing of the national identification number </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-88"> Article 88. Processing in the context of employment </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-89"> Article 89. Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-90"> Article 90. Obligations of secrecy </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-91"> Article 91. Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER X</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Delegated acts and implementing acts  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 92 - 93 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-92"> Article 92. Exercise of the delegation </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-93"> Article 93. Committee procedure </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mainMenu__chapter "> <a class="mainMenu__chapter_link"> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__index">CHAPTER XI</span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__title"> Final provisions  <i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i> </span> <span class="mainMenu__chapter__articles"> Art 94 - 99 </span> </a> <ul style="display: none;"> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-94"> Article 94. Repeal of Directive 95/46/EC </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-95"> Article 95. Relationship with Directive 2002/58/EC </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-96"> Article 96. Relationship with previously concluded Agreements </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-97"> Article 97. Commission reports </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-98"> Article 98. Review of other Union legal acts on data protection </a> </li> <li class="mainMenu__article"> <a href="/gdpr-article-99"> Article 99. Entry into force and application </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <article class="article-container"> <div id="inner-content"> <div class="article"> <div class="chapter"> <h2 class="chapter__title"> <span class="chapter__title__index">CHAPTER II</span> <span class="chapter__title__label">Principles</span> </h2> </div> <h3 class="article__title"> Article 9. Processing of special categories of personal data </h3> <ul class="list-unstyled article__list_level0"> <li class="no-label"> <p id="section-0"> 1. Processing of personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, or trade union membership, and the processing of genetic data, biometric data for the purpose of uniquely identifying a natural person, data concerning health or data concerning a natural person's sex life or sexual orientation shall be prohibited.</p> <ul class="list-unstyled"> </ul> </li> <li class="no-label"> <p id="section-1"> 2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply if one of the following applies:</p> <ul class="list-unstyled"> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <p id="section-2">(a)    the data subject has given explicit consent to the processing of those personal data for one or more specified purposes, except where Union or Member State law provide that the prohibition referred to in paragraph 1 may not be lifted by the data subject; </p> <ul class="list-unstyled"> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <p id="section-3">(b)    processing is necessary for the purposes of carrying out the obligations and exercising specific rights of the controller or of the data subject in the field of employment and social security and social protection law in so far as it is authorised by Union or Member State law or a collective agreement pursuant to Member State law providing for appropriate safeguards for the fundamental rights and the interests of the data subject; </p> <ul class="list-unstyled"> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <p id="section-4">(c)    processing is necessary to protect the vital interests of the data subject or of another natural person where the data subject is physically or legally incapable of giving consent; </p> <ul class="list-unstyled"> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <p id="section-5">(d)    processing is carried out in the course of its legitimate activities with appropriate safeguards by a foundation, association or any other not-for-profit body with a political, philosophical, religious or trade union aim and on condition that the processing relates solely to the members or to former members of the body or to persons who have regular contact with it in connection with its purposes and that the personal data are not disclosed outside that body without the consent of the data subjects; </p> <ul class="list-unstyled"> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <p id="section-6">(e)    processing relates to personal data which are manifestly made public by the data subject; </p> <ul class="list-unstyled"> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <p id="section-7">(f)    processing is necessary for the establishment, exercise or defence of legal claims or whenever courts are acting in their judicial capacity; </p> <ul class="list-unstyled"> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <p id="section-8">(g)    processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest, on the basis of Union or Member State law which shall be proportionate to the aim pursued, respect the essence of the right to data protection and provide for suitable and specific measures to safeguard the fundamental rights and the interests of the data subject; </p> <ul class="list-unstyled"> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <p id="section-9">(h)    processing is necessary for the purposes of preventive or occupational medicine, for the assessment of the working capacity of the employee, medical diagnosis, the provision of health or social care or treatment or the management of health or social care systems and services on the basis of Union or Member State law or pursuant to contract with a health professional and subject to the conditions and safeguards referred to in paragraph 3; </p> <ul class="list-unstyled"> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <p id="section-10">(i)    processing is necessary for reasons of public interest in the area of public health, such as protecting against serious cross-border threats to health or ensuring high standards of quality and safety of health care and of medicinal products or medical devices, on the basis of Union or Member State law which provides for suitable and specific measures to safeguard the rights and freedoms of the data subject, in particular professional secrecy; </p> <ul class="list-unstyled"> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <p id="section-11">(j)    processing is necessary for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes in accordance with Article 89(1) based on Union or Member State law which shall be proportionate to the aim pursued, respect the essence of the right to data protection and provide for suitable and specific measures to safeguard the fundamental rights and the interests of the data subject. </p> <ul class="list-unstyled"> </ul> </li> <li class="no-label"> <p id="section-12"> 3. Personal data referred to in paragraph 1 may be processed for the purposes referred to in point (h) of paragraph 2 when those data are processed by or under the responsibility of a professional subject to the obligation of professional secrecy under Union or Member State law or rules established by national competent bodies or by another person also subject to an obligation of secrecy under Union or Member State law or rules established by national competent bodies.</p> <ul class="list-unstyled"> </ul> </li> <li class="no-label"> <p id="section-13"> 4. Member States may maintain or introduce further conditions, including limitations, with regard to the processing of genetic data, biometric data or data concerning health.</p> <ul class="list-unstyled"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function(){ var definitions = {"personal data\u2019 means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (\u2018data subject": "\u2018personal data\u2019 means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (\u2018data subject\u2019); an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person; \n \n \n \n ", "processing": "\u2018processing\u2019 means any operation or set of operations which is performed on personal data or on sets of personal data, whether or not by automated means, such as collection, recording, organisation, structuring, storage, adaptation or alteration, retrieval, consultation, use, disclosure by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, alignment or combination, restriction, erasure or destruction; \n \n \n \n ", "restriction of processing": "\u2018restriction of processing\u2019 means the marking of stored personal data with the aim of limiting their processing in the future; \n \n \n \n ", "profiling\u2019 means any form of automated processing of personal data consisting of the use of personal data to evaluate certain personal aspects relating to a natural person, in particular to analyse or predict aspects concerning that natural person": "\u2018profiling\u2019 means any form of automated processing of personal data consisting of the use of personal data to evaluate certain personal aspects relating to a natural person, in particular to analyse or predict aspects concerning that natural person's performance at work, economic situation, health, personal preferences, interests, reliability, behaviour, location or movements; \n \n \n \n ", "pseudonymisation": "\u2018pseudonymisation\u2019 means the processing of personal data in such a manner that the personal data can no longer be attributed to a specific data subject without the use of additional information, provided that such additional information is kept separately and is subject to technical and organisational measures to ensure that the personal data are not attributed to an identified or identifiable natural person; \n \n \n \n ", "filing system": "\u2018filing system\u2019 means any structured set of personal data which are accessible according to specific criteria, whether centralised, decentralised or dispersed on a functional or geographical basis; \n \n \n \n ", "controller": "\u2018controller\u2019 means the natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data; where the purposes and means of such processing are determined by Union or Member State law, the controller or the specific criteria for its nomination may be provided for by Union or Member\u00a0State law; \n \n \n \n ", "processor": "\u2018processor\u2019 means a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which processes personal data on behalf of the controller; \n \n \n \n ", "recipient": "\u2018recipient\u2019 means a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or another body, to which the personal data are disclosed, whether a third party or not. However, public authorities which may receive personal data in the framework of a particular inquiry in accordance with Union or Member State law\u00a0shall not be regarded as recipients; the processing of those data by those public authorities shall be in compliance with the applicable data protection rules according to the purposes of the processing; \n \n \n \n ", "third party": "\u2018third party\u2019 means a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or body other than the data subject, controller, processor and persons who, under the direct authority of the controller or processor, are authorised to process personal data; \n \n \n \n ", "consent\u2019 of the data subject means any freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous indication of the data subject": "\u2018consent\u2019 of the data subject means any freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous indication of the data subject's wishes by which he or she, by a statement or by a clear affirmative action, signifies agreement to the processing of personal data relating to him or her; \n \n \n \n ", "personal data breach": "\u2018personal data breach\u2019 means a breach of security leading to the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure of, or access to, personal data transmitted, stored or otherwise processed; \n \n \n \n ", "genetic data": "\u2018genetic data\u2019 means personal data relating to the inherited or acquired genetic characteristics of a natural person which give unique information about the physiology or the health of that natural person and which result, in particular, from an analysis of a biological sample from the natural person in question; \n \n \n \n ", "biometric data": "\u2018biometric data\u2019 means personal data resulting from specific technical processing relating to the physical, physiological or behavioural characteristics of a natural person, which allow or confirm the unique identification of that natural person, such as facial images or dactyloscopic data; \n \n \n \n ", "data concerning health": "\u2018data concerning health\u2019 means personal data related to the physical or mental health of a natural person, including the provision of health care services, which reveal information about his or her health status; \n \n \n \n ", "main establishment": "\u2018main establishment\u2019 means: \n \n \n \n ", "representative": "\u2018representative\u2019 means a natural or legal person established in the Union who, designated by the controller or processor in writing pursuant to Article\u00a027, represents the controller or processor with regard to their respective obligations under this Regulation; \n \n \n \n ", "enterprise": "\u2018enterprise\u2019 means a natural or legal person engaged in an economic activity, irrespective of its legal form, including partnerships or associations regularly engaged in an economic activity; \n \n \n \n ", "group of undertakings": "\u2018group of undertakings\u2019 means a controlling undertaking and its controlled undertakings; \n \n \n \n ", "binding corporate rules": "\u2018binding corporate rules\u2019 means personal data protection policies which are adhered to by a controller or processor established on the territory of a Member State for transfers or a set of transfers of personal data to a controller or processor in one or more third countries within a group of undertakings, or group of enterprises engaged in a joint economic activity; \n \n \n \n ", "supervisory authority": "\u2018supervisory authority\u2019 means an independent public authority which is established by a Member State pursuant to Article\u00a051; \n \n \n \n ", "supervisory authority concerned": "\u2018supervisory authority concerned\u2019 means a supervisory authority which is concerned by the processing of personal data because: \n \n \n \n ", "cross-border processing": "\u2018cross-border processing\u2019 means either: \n \n \n \n ", "relevant and reasoned objection": "\u2018relevant and reasoned objection\u2019 means an objection to a draft decision as to whether there is an infringement of this Regulation, or whether envisaged action in relation to the controller or processor complies with this Regulation, which clearly demonstrates the significance of the risks posed by the draft decision as regards the fundamental rights and freedoms of data subjects and, where applicable, the free flow of personal data within the Union; \n \n \n \n ", "information society service": "\u2018information society service\u2019 means a service as defined in point\u00a0(b) of Article\u00a01(1) of Directive (EU) 2015/1535 of the European Parliament and of the Council ; \n \n \n \n ", "international organisation": "\u2018international organisation\u2019 means an organisation and its subordinate bodies governed by public international law, or any other body which is set up by, or on the basis of, an agreement between two or more countries. \n \n \n \n "}; var terms = Object.keys(definitions); $(".article__list_level0").mark(terms, { separateWordSearch: false, done: function() { $('[data-markjs="true"]').popover({ title: function() { return $(this).text(); }, content: function() { var content = definitions[$(this).text().toLowerCase()]; if (content) { return content; } else { return definitions[$(this).text()]; } }, delay: { "show": 100, "hide": 0 }, trigger: 'hover' }) } }); }); </script> <a class="next-article" href="/gdpr-article-10"> <p>Next</p> <p class="name"> Article 10. Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences </p> <span class="arrow-down"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i> </span> </a> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-xl-3 d-none d-xl-block"> <div class="right-container"> <div class="recitals__header"> <div class="recitals__header__content"> <span class="share__title"> Share this </br> project </span> <a href="mailto:?body=https%3A%2F%2Fgdpr.algolia.com%2F%20Official%20text%20of%20GDPR%20%E2%80%93%20General%20Data%20Protection%20Regulation%20%E2%80%93%20made%20searchable%20by%20Algolia.%20Easily%20search%20in%20chapters%2C%20articles%20and%20recitals%20to%20read%20faster%20and%20become%20GDPR%20compliant." class="share-link"> <img src="/static/img/ic-mail.9aeca84437fe.svg" alt="Email icon" width="14px"> <span class="share__label">Email</span> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https://gdpr.algolia.com/gdpr-article-9&mini=true" class="share-link" target="_blank"> <img src="/static/img/ic-linkedin.536efc2cded5.svg" alt="LinkedIn icon" width="14px"> <span class="share__label">LinkedIn</span> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://gdpr.algolia.com/gdpr-article-9" class="share-link" target="_blank"> <img src="/static/img/ic-twitter.28b9fb3ebf51.svg" alt="Twitter icon" width="14px"> <span class="share__label">Twitter</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="recitals"> <div class="recitals__container"> <h3> <i class="fa fa-link"></i>Suitable Recitals for article 9</h3> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li> <span class="index">46</span> <a href="#recital-46" class="recital-link" data-recital-content="The processing of personal data should also be regarded to be lawful where it is necessary to protect an interest which is essential for the life of the data subject or that of another natural person. Processing of personal data based on the vital interest of another natural person should in principle take place only where the processing cannot be manifestly based on another legal basis. Some types of processing may serve both important grounds of public interest and the vital interests of the data subject as for instance when processing is necessary for humanitarian purposes, including for monitoring epidemics and their spread or in situations of humanitarian emergencies, in particular in situations of natural and man-made disasters." data-recital-index="46"> <span>The processing of personal data should also be ...</span> </a> </li> <li> <span class="index">51</span> <a href="#recital-51" class="recital-link" data-recital-content="Personal data which are, by their nature, particularly sensitive in relation to fundamental rights and freedoms merit specific protection as the context of their processing could create significant risks to the fundamental rights and freedoms. Those personal data should include personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, whereby the use of the term ‘racial origin’ in this Regulation does not imply an acceptance by the Union of theories which attempt to determine the existence of separate human races. The processing of photographs should not systematically be considered to be processing of special categories of personal data as they are covered by the definition of biometric data only when processed through a specific technical means allowing the unique identification or authentication of a natural person. Such personal data should not be processed, unless processing is allowed in specific cases set out in this Regulation, taking into account that Member States law may lay down specific provisions on data protection in order to adapt the application of the rules of this Regulation for compliance with a legal obligation or for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller. In addition to the specific requirements for such processing, the general principles and other rules of this Regulation should apply, in particular as regards the conditions for lawful processing. Derogations from the general prohibition for processing such special categories of personal data should be explicitly provided, inter alia, where the data subject gives his or her explicit consent or in respect of specific needs in particular where the processing is carried out in the course of legitimate activities by certain associations or foundations the purpose of which is to permit the exercise of fundamental freedoms." data-recital-index="51"> <span>Personal data which are, by their nature, parti...</span> </a> </li> <li> <span class="index">52</span> <a href="#recital-52" class="recital-link" data-recital-content="Derogating from the prohibition on processing special categories of personal data should also be allowed when provided for in Union or Member State law and subject to suitable safeguards, so as to protect personal data and other fundamental rights, where it is in the public interest to do so, in particular processing personal data in the field of employment law, social protection law including pensions and for health security, monitoring and alert purposes, the prevention or control of communicable diseases and other serious threats to health. Such a derogation may be made for health purposes, including public health and the management of health-care services, especially in order to ensure the quality and cost-effectiveness of the procedures used for settling claims for benefits and services in the health insurance system, or for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes. A derogation should also allow the processing of such personal data where necessary for the establishment, exercise or defence of legal claims, whether in court proceedings or in an administrative or out-of-court procedure." data-recital-index="52"> <span>Derogating from the prohibition on processing s...</span> </a> </li> <li> <span class="index">53</span> <a href="#recital-53" class="recital-link" data-recital-content="Special categories of personal data which merit higher protection should be processed for health-related purposes only where necessary to achieve those purposes for the benefit of natural persons and society as a whole, in particular in the context of the management of health or social care services and systems, including processing by the management and central national health authorities of such data for the purpose of quality control, management information and the general national and local supervision of the health or social care system, and ensuring continuity of health or social care and cross-border healthcare or health security, monitoring and alert purposes, or for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes, based on Union or Member State law which has to meet an objective of public interest, as well as for studies conducted in the public interest in the area of public health. Therefore, this Regulation should provide for harmonised conditions for the processing of special categories of personal data concerning health, in respect of specific needs, in particular where the processing of such data is carried out for certain health-related purposes by persons subject to a legal obligation of professional secrecy. Union or Member State law should provide for specific and suitable measures so as to protect the fundamental rights and the personal data of natural persons. Member States should be allowed to maintain or introduce further conditions, including limitations, with regard to the processing of genetic data, biometric data or data concerning health. However, this should not hamper the free flow of personal data within the Union when those conditions apply to cross-border processing of such data." data-recital-index="53"> <span>Special categories of personal data which merit...</span> </a> </li> <li> <span class="index">54</span> <a href="#recital-54" class="recital-link" data-recital-content="The processing of special categories of personal data may be necessary for reasons of public interest in the areas of public health without consent of the data subject. Such processing should be subject to suitable and specific measures so as to protect the rights and freedoms of natural persons. In that context, ‘public health’ should be interpreted as defined in Regulation (EC) No 1338/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council" data-recital-index="54"> <span>The processing of special categories of persona...</span> </a> </li> <li> <span class="index">55</span> <a href="#recital-55" class="recital-link" data-recital-content="Moreover, the processing of personal data by official authorities for the purpose of achieving the aims, laid down by constitutional law or by international public law, of officially recognised religious associations, is carried out on grounds of public interest." data-recital-index="55"> <span>Moreover, the processing of personal data by of...</span> </a> </li> <li> <span class="index">56</span> <a href="#recital-56" class="recital-link" data-recital-content="Where in the course of electoral activities, the operation of the democratic system in a Member State requires that political parties compile personal data on people's political opinions, the processing of such data may be permitted for reasons of public interest, provided that appropriate safeguards are established." data-recital-index="56"> <span>Where in the course of electoral activities, th...</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="recital-content-container d-none d-xl-block"> <div class="inner"> <h2></h2> <p></p> <div class="recital-close"> <span class="cross">X</span> <span>Close this recital</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var $recitalContentContainer = $('.recital-content-container'); var $menuButton = $('.menu__btn'); var $menuContainer = $('.mainMenu'); $(document).ready(function () { $('.recital-link').click(function () { var recitalIndex = $(this).data('recital-index'); var recitalContent = $(this).data('recital-content'); $recitalContentContainer.find('h2').text('# ' + recitalIndex); $recitalContentContainer.find('p').text(recitalContent); $recitalContentContainer.toggleClass('open'); }); $('.recital-close').click(function () { $recitalContentContainer.removeClass('open'); }); $menuButton.click(function(){ $menuContainer.toggleClass('open'); }); $('.mainMenu__chapter_link').click(function(){ $(this).find('i').toggleClass('fa-chevron-up').toggleClass('fa-chevron-down'); $(this).next().slideToggle('fast'); }); if ($('.mainMenu__chapter.open').length) { var offset = $('.mainMenu__chapter.open').offset()['top']; $('.mainMenu').scrollTop(offset - 129); } }); </script>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MN3XDGF" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  </body> </html>

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