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noise</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: noise"> <meta name="keywords" content="noise"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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<i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="noise"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 899</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: noise</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">719</span> Effect of Initial Conditions on Aerodynamic and Acoustic Characteristics of High Subsonic Jets from Sharp Edged Circular Orifice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Murugan">Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20N.%20Sharma"> K. N. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20D."> S. D.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work involves measurements to examine the effects of initial conditions on aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of a Jet at M=0.8 by changing the orientation of sharp edged orifice plate. A thick plate with chamfered orifice presented divergent and convergent openings when it was flipped over. The centerline velocity was found to decay more rapidly for divergent orifice and that was consistent with the enhanced mass entrainment suggesting quicker spread of the jet compared with that from the convergent orifice. The mixing layer region elucidated this effect of initial conditions at an early stage – the growth was found to be comparatively more pronounced for the divergent orifice resulting in reduced potential core size. The acoustic measurements, carried out in the near field noise region outside the jet within potential core length, showed the jet from the divergent orifice to be less noisy. The frequency spectra of the noise signal exhibited that in the initial region of comparatively thin mixing layer for the convergent orifice, the peak registered a higher SPL and a higher frequency as well. The noise spectra and the mixing layer development suggested a direct correlation between the coherent structures developing in the initial region of the jet and the noise captured in the surrounding near field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Convergent%20orifice%20jet" title="Convergent orifice jet">Convergent orifice jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Divergent%20orifice%20jet" title=" Divergent orifice jet"> Divergent orifice jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mass%20entrainment" title=" Mass entrainment"> Mass entrainment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mixing%20layer" title=" mixing layer"> mixing layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=near%20field%20noise" title=" near field noise"> near field noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=frequency%20spectrum" title=" frequency spectrum"> frequency spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SPL" title=" SPL"> SPL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Strouhal%20number" title=" Strouhal number"> Strouhal number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wave%20number" title=" wave number"> wave number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reactive%20pressure%20field" title=" reactive pressure field"> reactive pressure field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=propagating%20pressure%20field." title=" propagating pressure field."> propagating pressure field.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15925/effect-of-initial-conditions-on-aerodynamic-and-acoustic-characteristics-of-high-subsonic-jets-from-sharp-edged-circular-orifice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15925/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15925/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15925/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15925/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15925/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15925/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15925/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15925/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15925/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15925/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1559</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">718</span> Evaluation of Sensor Pattern Noise Estimators for Source Camera Identification </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Benjamin%20Anderson-Sackaney">Benjamin Anderson-Sackaney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amr%20Abdel-Dayem"> Amr Abdel-Dayem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comprehensive survey of recent source camera identification (SCI) systems. Then, the performance of various sensor pattern noise (SPN) estimators was experimentally assessed, under common photo response non-uniformity (PRNU) frameworks. The experiments used 1350 natural and 900 flat-field images, captured by 18 individual cameras. 12 different experiments, grouped into three sets, were conducted. The results were analyzed using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. The experimental results demonstrated that combining the basic SPN estimator with a wavelet-based filtering scheme provides promising results. However, the phase SPN estimator fits better with both patch-based (BM3D) and anisotropic diffusion (AD) filtering schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sensor%20pattern%20noise" title="Sensor pattern noise">Sensor pattern noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=source%20camera%20identification" title=" source camera identification"> source camera identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=photo%20response%20non-uniformity" title=" photo response non-uniformity"> photo response non-uniformity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=anisotropic%20diffusion" title=" anisotropic diffusion"> anisotropic diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=peak%20to%20correlation%20energy%20ratio." title=" peak to correlation energy ratio."> peak to correlation energy ratio.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006302/evaluation-of-sensor-pattern-noise-estimators-for-source-camera-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006302/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006302/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006302/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006302/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006302/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006302/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006302/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006302/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006302/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006302/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">717</span> Robust Coherent Noise Suppression by Point Estimation of the Cauchy Location Parameter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ephraim%20Gower">Ephraim Gower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thato%20Tsalaile"> Thato Tsalaile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Monageng%20Kgwadi"> Monageng Kgwadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malcolm%20Hawksford."> Malcolm Hawksford.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper introduces a new point estimation algorithm, with particular focus on coherent noise suppression, given several measurements of the device under test where it is assumed that 1) the noise is first-order stationery and 2) the device under test is linear and time-invariant. The algorithm exploits the robustness of the Pitman estimator of the Cauchy location parameter through the initial scaling of the test signal by a centred Gaussian variable of predetermined variance. It is illustrated through mathematical derivations and simulation results that the proposed algorithm is more accurate and consistently robust to outliers for different tailed density functions than the conventional methods of sample mean (coherent averaging technique) and sample median search.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Central%20limit%20theorem" title="Central limit theorem">Central limit theorem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fisher-Cramer%20Rao" title=" Fisher-Cramer Rao"> Fisher-Cramer Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gamma%0D%0Afunction" title=" gamma function"> gamma function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pitman%20estimator." title=" Pitman estimator."> Pitman estimator.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16975/robust-coherent-noise-suppression-by-point-estimation-of-the-cauchy-location-parameter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16975/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16975/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16975/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16975/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16975/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16975/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16975/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16975/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16975/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16975/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1922</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">716</span> Power Integrity Analysis of Power Delivery System in High Speed Digital FPGA Board</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anil%20Kumar%20Pandey">Anil Kumar Pandey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Power plane noise is the most significant source of signal integrity (SI) issues in a high-speed digital design. In this paper, power integrity (PI) analysis of multiple power planes in a power delivery system of a 12-layer high-speed FPGA board is presented. All 10 power planes of HSD board are analyzed separately by using 3D Electromagnetic based PI solver, then the transient simulation is performed on combined PI data of all planes along with voltage regulator modules (VRMs) and 70 current drawing chips to get the board level power noise coupling on different high-speed signals. De-coupling capacitors are placed between power planes and ground to reduce power noise coupling with signals.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Channel%20simulation" title="Channel simulation">Channel simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=electromagnetic%20simulation" title=" electromagnetic simulation"> electromagnetic simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=power-aware%20signal%20integrity%20analysis" title=" power-aware signal integrity analysis"> power-aware signal integrity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=power%20integrity" title=" power integrity"> power integrity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PIPro." title=" PIPro."> PIPro.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005644/power-integrity-analysis-of-power-delivery-system-in-high-speed-digital-fpga-board" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005644/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005644/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005644/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005644/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005644/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005644/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005644/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005644/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005644/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005644/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">715</span> Wiener Filter as an Optimal MMSE Interpolator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tsai-Sheng%20Kao">Tsai-Sheng Kao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ideal sinc filter, ignoring the noise statistics, is often applied for generating an arbitrary sample of a bandlimited signal by using the uniformly sampled data. In this article, an optimal interpolator is proposed; it reaches a minimum mean square error (MMSE) at its output in the presence of noise. The resulting interpolator is thus a Wiener filter, and both the optimal infinite impulse response (IIR) and finite impulse response (FIR) filters are presented. The mean square errors (MSE-s) for the interpolator of different length impulse responses are obtained by computer simulations; it shows that the MSE-s of the proposed interpolators with a reasonable length are improved about 0.4 dB under flat power spectra in noisy environment with signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) equal 10 dB. As expected, the results also demonstrate the improvements for the MSE-s with various fractional delays of the optimal interpolator against the ideal sinc filter under a fixed length impulse response. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Interpolator" title="Interpolator">Interpolator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=minimum%20mean%20square%20error" title=" minimum mean square error"> minimum mean square error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wiener%20filter." title=" Wiener filter."> Wiener filter.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14174/wiener-filter-as-an-optimal-mmse-interpolator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14174/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14174/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14174/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14174/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14174/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14174/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14174/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14174/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14174/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14174/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2951</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">714</span> Smartphone Video Source Identification Based on Sensor Pattern Noise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raquel%20Ramos%20L%C3%B3pez">Raquel Ramos López</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anissa%20El-Khattabi"> Anissa El-Khattabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ana%20Lucila%20Sandoval%20Orozco"> Ana Lucila Sandoval Orozco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Luis%20Javier%20Garc%C3%ADa%20Villalba"> Luis Javier García Villalba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An increasing number of mobile devices with integrated cameras has meant that most digital video comes from these devices. These digital videos can be made anytime, anywhere and for different purposes. They can also be shared on the Internet in a short period of time and may sometimes contain recordings of illegal acts. The need to reliably trace the origin becomes evident when these videos are used for forensic purposes. This work proposes an algorithm to identify the brand and model of mobile device which generated the video. Its procedure is as follows: after obtaining the relevant video information, a classification algorithm based on sensor noise and Wavelet Transform performs the aforementioned identification process. We also present experimental results that support the validity of the techniques used and show promising results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Digital%20video" title="Digital video">Digital video</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=forensics%20analysis" title=" forensics analysis"> forensics analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=key%20frame" title=" key frame"> key frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mobile%0D%0Adevice" title=" mobile device"> mobile device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PRNU" title=" PRNU"> PRNU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sensor%20noise" title=" sensor noise"> sensor noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=source%20identification." title=" source identification."> source identification.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007171/smartphone-video-source-identification-based-on-sensor-pattern-noise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007171/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007171/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007171/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007171/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007171/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007171/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007171/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007171/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007171/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007171/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">713</span> A Study on Evaluation of Strut Type Suspension Noise Caused by Rubber Degradation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gugyong%20Kim">Gugyong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sugnsu%20Kang"> Sugnsu Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yongjun%20Lee"> Yongjun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sooncheol%20Park"> Sooncheol Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wonwook%20Jung"> Wonwook Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>When cars are released from the factory, strut noises are very small and therefore it is difficult to perceive them. As the use time and travel distance increase, however, strut noises get larger so as to cause users much uneasiness. The noises generated at the field include engine noises and flow noises and therefore it is difficult to clearly discern the noises generated from struts. This study developed a test method which can reproduce field strut noises in the lab. Using the newly developed noise evaluation test, this study analyzed the effects that insulator performance degradation and failure can have on car noises. The study also confirmed that the insulator durability test by the simple back-and-forth motion cannot completely reflect the state of the parts failure in the field. Based on this, the study also confirmed that field noises can be reproduced through a durability test that considers heat aging.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Insulator" title="Insulator">Insulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=noise" title=" noise"> noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=performance%20degradation" title=" performance degradation"> performance degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=strut" title=" strut"> strut</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2004/a-study-on-evaluation-of-strut-type-suspension-noise-caused-by-rubber-degradation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2004/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2004/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2004/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2004/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2004/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2004/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2004/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2004/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2004/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2004/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1722</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">712</span> Enhanced Approaches to Rectify the Noise, Illumination and Shadow Artifacts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Sankari">M. Sankari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Meena"> C. Meena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Enhancing the quality of two dimensional signals is one of the most important factors in the fields of video surveillance and computer vision. Usually in real-life video surveillance, false detection occurs due to the presence of random noise, illumination and shadow artifacts. The detection methods based on background subtraction faces several problems in accurately detecting objects in realistic environments: In this paper, we propose a noise removal algorithm using neighborhood comparison method with thresholding. The illumination variations correction is done in the detected foreground objects by using an amalgamation of techniques like homomorphic decomposition, curvelet transformation and gamma adjustment operator. Shadow is removed using chromaticity estimator with local relation estimator. Results are compared with the existing methods and prove as high robustness in the video surveillance.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chromaticity%20Estimator" title="Chromaticity Estimator">Chromaticity Estimator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Curvelet%20Transformation" title=" Curvelet Transformation"> Curvelet Transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Denoising" title=" Denoising"> Denoising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gamma%20correction" title=" Gamma correction"> Gamma correction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Homomorphic" title=" Homomorphic"> Homomorphic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Neighborhood%20Assessment." title=" Neighborhood Assessment."> Neighborhood Assessment.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997167/enhanced-approaches-to-rectify-the-noise-illumination-and-shadow-artifacts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997167/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997167/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997167/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997167/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997167/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997167/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997167/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997167/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997167/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997167/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1960</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">711</span> The Performance Analysis of Error Saturation Nonlinearity LMS in Impulsive Noise based on Weighted-Energy Conservation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T%20Panigrahi">T Panigrahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G%20Panda"> G Panda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mulgrew"> Mulgrew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces a new approach for the performance analysis of adaptive filter with error saturation nonlinearity in the presence of impulsive noise. The performance analysis of adaptive filters includes both transient analysis which shows that how fast a filter learns and the steady-state analysis gives how well a filter learns. The recursive expressions for mean-square deviation(MSD) and excess mean-square error(EMSE) are derived based on weighted energy conservation arguments which provide the transient behavior of the adaptive algorithm. The steady-state analysis for co-related input regressor data is analyzed, so this approach leads to a new performance results without restricting the input regression data to be white. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Error%20saturation%20nonlinearity" title="Error saturation nonlinearity">Error saturation nonlinearity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transient%20analysis" title=" transient analysis"> transient analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=impulsive%20noise." title=" impulsive noise."> impulsive noise.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5794/the-performance-analysis-of-error-saturation-nonlinearity-lms-in-impulsive-noise-based-on-weighted-energy-conservation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5794/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5794/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5794/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5794/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5794/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5794/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5794/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5794/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5794/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5794/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1781</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">710</span> Recognition of Noisy Words Using the Time Delay Neural Networks Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khenfer-Koummich%20Fatima">Khenfer-Koummich Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mesbahi%20Larbi"> Mesbahi Larbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hendel%20Fatiha"> Hendel Fatiha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents a recognition system for isolated words like robot commands. It’s carried out by Time Delay Neural Networks; TDNN. To teleoperate a robot for specific tasks as turn, close, etc… In industrial environment and taking into account the noise coming from the machine. The choice of TDNN is based on its generalization in terms of accuracy, in more it acts as a filter that allows the passage of certain desirable frequency characteristics of speech; the goal is to determine the parameters of this filter for making an adaptable system to the variability of speech signal and to noise especially, for this the back propagation technique was used in learning phase. The approach was applied on commands pronounced in two languages separately: The French and Arabic. The results for two test bases of 300 spoken words for each one are 87%, 97.6% in neutral environment and 77.67%, 92.67% when the white Gaussian noisy was added with a SNR of 35 dB.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Neural%20networks" title="Neural networks">Neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noise" title=" Noise"> Noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Speech%20Recognition." title=" Speech Recognition."> Speech Recognition.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999298/recognition-of-noisy-words-using-the-time-delay-neural-networks-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999298/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999298/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999298/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999298/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999298/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999298/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999298/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999298/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999298/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999298/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1936</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">709</span> Union is Strength in Lossy Image Compression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mario%20Mastriani">Mario Mastriani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we present a comparison between different techniques of image compression. First, the image is divided in blocks which are organized according to a certain scan. Later, several compression techniques are applied, combined or alone. Such techniques are: wavelets (Haar's basis), Karhunen-Loève Transform, etc. Simulations show that the combined versions are the best, with minor Mean Squared Error (MSE), and higher Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and better image quality, even in the presence of noise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Haar%27s%20basis" title="Haar's basis">Haar's basis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20compression" title=" Image compression"> Image compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Karhunen-Lo%C3%A8veTransform" title=" Karhunen-LoèveTransform"> Karhunen-LoèveTransform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Morton%27s%20scan" title=" Morton's scan"> Morton's scan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=row-rafter%20scan." title=" row-rafter scan."> row-rafter scan.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13765/union-is-strength-in-lossy-image-compression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13765/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13765/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13765/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13765/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13765/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13765/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13765/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13765/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13765/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13765/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1746</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">708</span> An Energy Detection-Based Algorithm for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Rayleigh Fading Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Bakhshi">H. Bakhshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Khayyamian"> E. Khayyamian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cognitive radios have been recognized as one of the most promising technologies dealing with the scarcity of the radio spectrum. In cognitive radio systems, secondary users are allowed to utilize the frequency bands of primary users when the bands are idle. Hence, how to accurately detect the idle frequency bands has attracted many researchers’ interest. Detection performance is sensitive toward noise power and gain fluctuation. Since signal to noise ratio (SNR) between primary user and secondary users are not the same and change over the time, SNR and noise power estimation is essential. In this paper, we present a cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm using SNR estimation to improve detection performance in the real situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cognitive%20radio" title="Cognitive radio">Cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cooperative%20spectrum%20sensing" title=" cooperative spectrum sensing"> cooperative spectrum sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy%20detection" title=" energy detection"> energy detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SNR%20estimation" title=" SNR estimation"> SNR estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectrum%20sensing" title=" spectrum sensing"> spectrum sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rayleigh%20fading%20channel." title=" Rayleigh fading channel."> Rayleigh fading channel.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005045/an-energy-detection-based-algorithm-for-cooperative-spectrum-sensing-in-rayleigh-fading-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005045/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005045/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005045/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005045/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005045/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005045/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005045/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005045/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005045/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005045/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">707</span> Active Surface Tracking Algorithm for All-Fiber Common-Path Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bang%20Young%20Kim">Bang Young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sang%20Hoon%20Park"> Sang Hoon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chul%20Gyu%20Song"> Chul Gyu Song </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT) system has limited imaging depth, which is 1-2 mm, and suffers unwanted noise such as speckle noise. The motorized-stage-based OCT system, using a common-path Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (CP-FD-OCT) configuration, provides enhanced imaging depth and less noise so that we can overcome these limitations. Using this OCT systems, OCT images were obtained from an onion, and their subsurface structure was observed. As a result, the images obtained using the developed motorized-stage-based system showed enhanced imaging depth than the conventional system, since it is real-time accurate depth tracking. Consequently, the developed CP-FD-OCT systems and algorithms have good potential for the further development of endoscopic OCT for microsurgery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Common-path%20OCT" title="Common-path OCT">Common-path OCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FD-OCT" title=" FD-OCT"> FD-OCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=OCT" title=" OCT"> OCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tracking%20algorithm." title=" Tracking algorithm. "> Tracking algorithm. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004081/active-surface-tracking-algorithm-for-all-fiber-common-path-fourier-domain-optical-coherence-tomography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004081/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004081/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004081/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004081/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004081/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004081/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004081/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004081/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004081/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004081/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1662</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">706</span> Skin Effect: A Natural Phenomenon for Minimization of Ground Bounce in VLSI RC Interconnect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shilpi%20Lavania">Shilpi Lavania</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Text" style="margin-top:1.0pt;text-indent:10.2pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">As the frequency of operation has attained a range of GHz and signal rise time continues to increase interconnect technology is suffering due to various high frequency effects as well as ground bounce problem. In some recent studies a high frequency<b> </b>effect i.e. skin effect has been modeled and its drawbacks have been<b> </b>discussed. This paper strives to make an impression on the advantage side of modeling skin effect for interconnect line. The proposed method has considered a CMOS with RC interconnect. Delay and noise considering ground bounce problem and with skin effect are discussed. The simulation<b> </b>results reveal an advantage of considering skin effect for minimization of ground bounce problem during the working of the model. Noise and delay variations with temperature are also presented.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Interconnect" title="Interconnect">Interconnect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Skin%20effect" title=" Skin effect"> Skin effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ground%20Bounce" title=" Ground Bounce"> Ground Bounce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Delay" title=" Delay"> Delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noise." title=" Noise."> Noise.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997602/skin-effect-a-natural-phenomenon-for-minimization-of-ground-bounce-in-vlsi-rc-interconnect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997602/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997602/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997602/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997602/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997602/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997602/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997602/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997602/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997602/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997602/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">705</span> Differential Protection for Power Transformer Using Wavelet Transform and PNN</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Sendilkumar">S. Sendilkumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20L.%20Mathur"> B. L. Mathur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Joseph%20Henry"> Joseph Henry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new approach for protection of power transformer is presented using a time-frequency transform known as Wavelet transform. Different operating conditions such as inrush, Normal, load, External fault and internal fault current are sampled and processed to obtain wavelet coefficients. Different Operating conditions provide variation in wavelet coefficients. Features like energy and Standard deviation are calculated using Parsevals theorem. These features are used as inputs to PNN (Probabilistic neural network) for fault classification. The proposed algorithm provides more accurate results even in the presence of noise inputs and accurately identifies inrush and fault currents. Overall classification accuracy of the proposed method is found to be 96.45%. Simulation of the fault (with and without noise) was done using MATLAB AND SIMULINK software taking 2 cycles of data window (40 m sec) containing 800 samples. The algorithm was evaluated by using 10 % Gaussian white noise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Power%20Transformer" title="Power Transformer">Power Transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=differential%20Protection" title=" differential Protection"> differential Protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=internalfault" title=" internalfault"> internalfault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=inrush%20current" title=" inrush current"> inrush current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wavelet%20Energy" title=" Wavelet Energy"> Wavelet Energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Db9." title=" Db9."> Db9.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9442/differential-protection-for-power-transformer-using-wavelet-transform-and-pnn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9442/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9442/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9442/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9442/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9442/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9442/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9442/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9442/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9442/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9442/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">704</span> Low-Noise Amplifier Design for Improvement of Communication Range for Wake-up Receiver Based Wireless Sensor Network Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ilef%20Ketata">Ilef Ketata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Khalil%20Baazaoui"> Mohamed Khalil Baazaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Robert%20Fromm"> Robert Fromm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Fakhfakh"> Ahmad Fakhfakh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Faouzi%20Derbel"> Faouzi Derbel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The integration of wireless communication, e.g. in realor quasi-real-time applications, is related to many challenges such as energy consumption, communication range, latency, quality of service, and reliability. The improvement of wireless sensor network performance starts by enhancing the capabilities of each sensor node. While consuming less energy, wake-up receiver (WuRx) nodes have an impact on reducing latency. The solution for sensitivity improvements of sensor nodes, and WuRx in particular, with an energy consumption expense is low-noise amplifier (LNAs) blocks placed in the RF Antenna. This paper presents a comparative study for improving communication range and decreasing the energy consumption of WuRx nodes.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wireless%20sensor%20network" title="Wireless sensor network">Wireless sensor network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wake-up%20receiver" title=" wake-up receiver"> wake-up receiver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=duty-cycled" title=" duty-cycled"> duty-cycled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=low-noise%20amplifier" title=" low-noise amplifier"> low-noise amplifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=envelope%20detector" title=" envelope detector"> envelope detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=range%20study." title=" range study."> range study.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013311/low-noise-amplifier-design-for-improvement-of-communication-range-for-wake-up-receiver-based-wireless-sensor-network-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013311/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013311/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013311/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013311/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013311/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013311/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013311/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013311/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013311/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013311/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">703</span> A Study of Adaptive Fault Detection Method for GNSS Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Je%20Young%20Lee">Je Young Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hee%20Sung%20Kim"> Hee Sung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kwang%20Ho%20Choi"> Kwang Ho Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Joonhoo%20Lim"> Joonhoo Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sebum%20Chun"> Sebum Chun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyung%20Keun%20Lee"> Hyung Keun Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study is purposed to develop an efficient fault detection method for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) applications based on adaptive noise covariance estimation. Due to the dependence on radio frequency signals, GNSS measurements are dominated by systematic errors in receiver’s operating environment. In the proposed method, the pseudorange and carrier-phase measurement noise covariances are obtained at time propagations and measurement updates in process of Carrier-Smoothed Code (CSC) filtering, respectively. The test statistics for fault detection are generated by the estimated measurement noise covariances. To evaluate the fault detection capability, intentional faults were added to the filed-collected measurements. The experiment result shows that the proposed method is efficient in detecting unhealthy measurements and improves GNSS positioning accuracy against fault occurrences.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adaptive%20estimation" title="Adaptive estimation">Adaptive estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fault%20detection" title=" fault detection"> fault detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GNSS" title=" GNSS"> GNSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=residual." title=" residual."> residual.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999900/a-study-of-adaptive-fault-detection-method-for-gnss-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999900/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999900/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999900/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999900/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999900/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999900/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999900/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999900/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999900/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999900/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2555</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">702</span> Analysis of Wi-Fi Access Networks Situation in the City Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Statkus">A. Statkus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Paulikas"> S. Paulikas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With increasing number of wireless devices like laptops, Wi-Fi Web Cams, network extenders, etc., a new kind of problems appeared, mostly related to poor Wi-Fi throughput or communication problems. In this paper an investigation on wireless networks and it-s saturation in Vilnius City and its surrounding is presented, covering the main problems of wireless saturation and network load during day. Also an investigation on wireless channel selection and noise levels were made, showing the impact of neighbor AP to signal and noise levels and how it changes during the day. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IEEE%20802.11b%2Fg%2Fn" title="IEEE 802.11b/g/n">IEEE 802.11b/g/n</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wireless%20saturation" title=" wireless saturation"> wireless saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=client%0Aactivity" title=" client activity"> client activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=channel%20selection." title=" channel selection."> channel selection.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14832/analysis-of-wi-fi-access-networks-situation-in-the-city-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14832/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14832/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14832/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14832/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14832/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14832/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14832/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14832/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14832/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14832/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1648</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">701</span> A Degraded Practical MIMOME Channel: Issues Insecret Data Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Rakibul%20Islam">Mohammad Rakibul Islam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, a Gaussian multiple input multiple output multiple eavesdropper (MIMOME) channel is considered where a transmitter communicates to a receiver in the presence of an eavesdropper. We present a technique for determining the secrecy capacity of the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel under Gaussian noise. We transform the degraded MIMOME channel into multiple single input multiple output (SIMO) Gaussian wire-tap channels and then use scalar approach to convert it into two equivalent multiple input single output (MISO) channels. The secrecy capacity model is then developed for the condition where the channel state information (CSI) for main channel only is known to the transmitter. The results show that the secret communication is possible when the eavesdropper channel noise is greater than a cutoff noise level. The outage probability is also analyzed of secrecy capacity is also analyzed. The effect of fading and outage probability is also analyzed.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Secrecy%20capacity" title="Secrecy capacity">Secrecy capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wiretap%20channel" title=" wiretap channel"> wiretap channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=covariance%20matrix" title=" covariance matrix"> covariance matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fading." title=" fading."> fading.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/a-degraded-practical-mimome-channel-issues-insecret-data-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1576</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">700</span> Denoising by Spatial Domain Averaging for Wireless Local Area Network Terminal Localization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Diego%20Felix">Diego Felix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eugene%20Hyun"> Eugene Hyun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Michael%20McGuire"> Michael McGuire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mihai%20Sima"> Mihai Sima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Terminal localization for indoor Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) is critical for the deployment of location-aware computing inside of buildings. A major challenge is obtaining high localization accuracy in presence of fluctuations of the received signal strength (RSS) measurements caused by multipath fading. This paper focuses on reducing the effect of the distance-varying noise by spatial filtering of the measured RSS. Two different survey point geometries are tested with the noise reduction technique: survey points arranged in sets of clusters and survey points uniformly distributed over the network area. The results show that the location accuracy improves by 16% when the filter is used and by 18% when the filter is applied to a clustered survey set as opposed to a straight-line survey set. The estimated locations are within 2 m of the true location, which indicates that clustering the survey points provides better localization accuracy due to superior noise removal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Position%20measurement" title="Position measurement">Position measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wireless%20LAN" title=" Wireless LAN"> Wireless LAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Radio%20navigation" title=" Radio navigation"> Radio navigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Filtering" title="Filtering">Filtering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/947/denoising-by-spatial-domain-averaging-for-wireless-local-area-network-terminal-localization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/947/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/947/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/947/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/947/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/947/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/947/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/947/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/947/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/947/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/947/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">699</span> End Point Detection for Wavelet Based Speech Compression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jalal%20Karam">Jalal Karam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In real-field applications, the correct determination of voice segments highly improves the overall system accuracy and minimises the total computation time. This paper presents reliable measures of speech compression by detcting the end points of the speech signals prior to compressing them. The two different compession schemes used are the Global threshold and the Level- Dependent threshold techniques. The performance of the proposed method is tested wirh the Signal to Noise Ratios, Peak Signal to Noise Ratios and Normalized Root Mean Square Error parameter measures.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wavelets" title="Wavelets">Wavelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=End-points%20Detection" title=" End-points Detection"> End-points Detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Compression." title=" Compression."> Compression.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5779/end-point-detection-for-wavelet-based-speech-compression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5779/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5779/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5779/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5779/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5779/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5779/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5779/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5779/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5779/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5779/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">698</span> Scatterer Density in Nonlinear Diffusion for Speckle Reduction in Ultrasound Imaging: The Isotropic Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Badawi">Ahmed Badawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a method for speckle reduction in medical ultrasound imaging while preserving the edges with the added advantages of adaptive noise filtering and speed. A nonlinear image diffusion method that incorporates local image parameter, namely, scatterer density in addition to gradient, to weight the nonlinear diffusion process, is proposed. The method was tested for the isotropic case with a contrast detail phantom and varieties of clinical ultrasound images, and then compared to linear and some other diffusion enhancement methods. Different diffusion parameters were tested and tuned to best reduce speckle noise and preserve edges. The method showed superior performance measured both quantitatively and qualitatively when incorporating scatterer density into the diffusivity function. The proposed filter can be used as a preprocessing step for ultrasound image enhancement before applying automatic segmentation, automatic volumetric calculations, or 3D ultrasound volume rendering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ultrasound%20imaging" title="Ultrasound imaging">Ultrasound imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nonlinear%20isotropic%20diffusion" title=" Nonlinear isotropic diffusion"> Nonlinear isotropic diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Speckle%20noise" title=" Speckle noise"> Speckle noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Scattering." title=" Scattering."> Scattering.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1022/scatterer-density-in-nonlinear-diffusion-for-speckle-reduction-in-ultrasound-imaging-the-isotropic-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1022/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1022/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1022/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1022/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1022/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1022/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1022/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1022/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1022/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1022/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1950</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">697</span> Encrypted Audio Transmission Using Synchronized Nd: YAG Lasers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.M.%20L%C3%B3pez-Guti%C3%A9rrez">R.M. López-Gutiérrez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Cruz-Hern%C3%A1ndez"> C. Cruz-Hernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Posadas-Castillo"> C. Posadas-Castillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.E.Garc%C3%ADa-Guerrero"> E.E.García-Guerrero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Encoded information based on synchronization of coupled chaotic Nd:YAG lasers in master-slave configuration is numerically studied. Encoding, transmission, and decoding of information in optical chaotic communication with a single channel is presented. We analyze the robustness of the encrypted audio transmission in a channel noise. In order to illustrate this synchronization robustness, we present two cases of study: synchronization and transmission with a single channel without and with noise in the channel.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Encryption" title="Encryption">Encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Secure%20coomunication" title=" Secure coomunication"> Secure coomunication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chaos" title=" Chaos"> Chaos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Synchronization" title=" Synchronization"> Synchronization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Complex%20networks" title=" Complex networks"> Complex networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nd%3AYAG%20laser." title=" Nd:YAG laser."> Nd:YAG laser.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8338/encrypted-audio-transmission-using-synchronized-nd-yag-lasers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8338/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8338/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8338/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8338/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8338/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8338/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8338/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8338/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8338/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8338/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">696</span> Asymptotic Properties of a Stochastic Predator-Prey Model with Bedding-DeAngelis Functional Response</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xianqing%20Liu">Xianqing Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shouming%20Zhong"> Shouming Zhong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lijiang%20Xiang"> Lijiang Xiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, a stochastic predator-prey system with Bedding-DeAngelis functional response is studied. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov founction, sufficient conditions for species to be stochastically permanent is established. Meanwhile, we show that the species will become extinct with probability one if the noise is sufficiently large.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stochastically%20permanent" title="Stochastically permanent">Stochastically permanent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=extinct" title=" extinct"> extinct</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=white%20noise" title=" white noise"> white noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bedding-DeAngelis%20functional%20response." title=" Bedding-DeAngelis functional response."> Bedding-DeAngelis functional response.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997824/asymptotic-properties-of-a-stochastic-predator-prey-model-with-bedding-deangelis-functional-response" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997824/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997824/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997824/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997824/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997824/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997824/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997824/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997824/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997824/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997824/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">695</span> Fast Accurate Detection of Frequency Jumps Using Kalman Filter with Non Linear Improvements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahmoud%20E.%20Mohamed">Mahmoud E. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20F.%20Shalash"> Ahmed F. Shalash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hanan%20A.%20Kamal"> Hanan A. Kamal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In communication systems, frequency jump is a serious problem caused by the oscillators used. Kalman filters are used to detect that jump, despite the tradeoff between the noise level and the speed of the detection. In this paper, an improvement is introduced in the Kalman filter, through a nonlinear change in the bandwidth of the filter. Simulation results show a considerable improvement in the filter speed with a very low noise level. Additionally, the effect on the response to false alarms is also presented and false alarm rate show improvement.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kalman%20Filter" title="Kalman Filter">Kalman Filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Innovation" title=" Innovation"> Innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=False%20Detection." title=" False Detection."> False Detection.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998770/fast-accurate-detection-of-frequency-jumps-using-kalman-filter-with-non-linear-improvements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998770/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998770/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998770/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998770/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998770/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998770/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998770/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998770/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998770/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998770/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">694</span> Performance Improvement in the Bivariate Models by using Modified Marginal Variance of Noisy Observations for Image-Denoising Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Senthilkumar">R. Senthilkumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most simple nonlinear thresholding rules for wavelet- based denoising assume that the wavelet coefficients are independent. However, wavelet coefficients of natural images have significant dependencies. This paper attempts to give a recipe for selecting one of the popular image-denoising algorithms based on VisuShrink, SureShrink, OracleShrink, BayesShrink and BiShrink and also this paper compares different Bivariate models used for image denoising applications. The first part of the paper compares different Shrinkage functions used for image-denoising. The second part of the paper compares different bivariate models and the third part of this paper uses the Bivariate model with modified marginal variance which is based on Laplacian assumption. This paper gives an experimental comparison on six 512x512 commonly used images, Lenna, Barbara, Goldhill, Clown, Boat and Stonehenge. The following noise powers 25dB,26dB, 27dB, 28dB and 29dB are added to the six standard images and the corresponding Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) values are calculated for each noise level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BiShrink" title="BiShrink">BiShrink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image-Denoising" title=" Image-Denoising"> Image-Denoising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PSNR" title=" PSNR"> PSNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shrinkage%20function" title=" Shrinkage function"> Shrinkage function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6515/performance-improvement-in-the-bivariate-models-by-using-modified-marginal-variance-of-noisy-observations-for-image-denoising-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6515/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6515/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6515/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6515/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6515/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6515/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6515/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6515/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6515/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6515/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">693</span> The Evaluation of the Performance of Different Filtering Approaches in Tracking Problem and the Effect of Noise Variance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Javad%20Mollakazemi">Mohammad Javad Mollakazemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farhad%20Asadi"> Farhad Asadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aref%20Ghafouri"> Aref Ghafouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Performance of different filtering approaches depends on modeling of dynamical system and algorithm structure. For modeling and smoothing the data the evaluation of posterior distribution in different filtering approach should be chosen carefully. In this paper different filtering approaches like filter KALMAN, EKF, UKF, EKS and smoother RTS is simulated in some trajectory tracking of path and accuracy and limitation of these approaches are explained. Then probability of model with different filters is compered and finally the effect of the noise variance to estimation is described with simulations results.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gaussian%20approximation" title="Gaussian approximation">Gaussian approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=KALMAN%20smoother" title=" KALMAN smoother"> KALMAN smoother</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parameter%20estimation." title=" Parameter estimation."> Parameter estimation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000461/the-evaluation-of-the-performance-of-different-filtering-approaches-in-tracking-problem-and-the-effect-of-noise-variance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000461/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000461/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000461/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000461/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000461/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000461/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000461/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000461/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000461/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000461/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1775</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">692</span> Spectral Entropy Employment in Speech Enhancement based on Wavelet Packet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Talbi%20Mourad">Talbi Mourad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salhi%20Lotfi"> Salhi Lotfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ch%C3%A9rif%20Adnen"> Chérif Adnen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this work, we are interested in developing a speech denoising tool by using a discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT). This speech denoising tool will be employed for applications of recognition, coding and synthesis. For noise reduction, instead of applying the classical thresholding technique, some wavelet packet nodes are set to zero and the others are thresholded. To estimate the non stationary noise level, we employ the spectral entropy. A comparison of our proposed technique to classical denoising methods based on thresholding and spectral subtraction is made in order to evaluate our approach. The experimental implementation uses speech signals corrupted by two sorts of noise, white and Volvo noises. The obtained results from listening tests show that our proposed technique is better than spectral subtraction. The obtained results from SNR computation show the superiority of our technique when compared to the classical thresholding method using the modified hard thresholding function based on u-law algorithm.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Enhancement" title="Enhancement">Enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%20subtraction" title=" spectral subtraction"> spectral subtraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SNR" title=" SNR"> SNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=discrete%0D%0Awavelet%20packet%20transform" title=" discrete wavelet packet transform"> discrete wavelet packet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%20entropy%20Histogram" title=" spectral entropy Histogram"> spectral entropy Histogram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/spectral-entropy-employment-in-speech-enhancement-based-on-wavelet-packet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1992</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">691</span> Speckle Reducing Contourlet Transform for Medical Ultrasound Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.S.%20Hiremath">P.S. Hiremath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Prema%20T.%20Akkasaligar"> Prema T. Akkasaligar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sharan%20Badiger"> Sharan Badiger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Speckle noise affects all coherent imaging systems including medical ultrasound. In medical images, noise suppression is a particularly delicate and difficult task. A tradeoff between noise reduction and the preservation of actual image features has to be made in a way that enhances the diagnostically relevant image content. Even though wavelets have been extensively used for denoising speckle images, we have found that denoising using contourlets gives much better performance in terms of SNR, PSNR, MSE, variance and correlation coefficient. The objective of the paper is to determine the number of levels of Laplacian pyramidal decomposition, the number of directional decompositions to perform on each pyramidal level and thresholding schemes which yields optimal despeckling of medical ultrasound images, in particular. The proposed method consists of the log transformed original ultrasound image being subjected to contourlet transform, to obtain contourlet coefficients. The transformed image is denoised by applying thresholding techniques on individual band pass sub bands using a Bayes shrinkage rule. We quantify the achieved performance improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Contourlet%20transform" title="Contourlet transform">Contourlet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Despeckling" title=" Despeckling"> Despeckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pyramidal%20directionalfilter%20bank" title=" Pyramidal directionalfilter bank"> Pyramidal directionalfilter bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thresholding." title=" Thresholding."> Thresholding.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6361/speckle-reducing-contourlet-transform-for-medical-ultrasound-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6361/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6361/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6361/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6361/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6361/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6361/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6361/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6361/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6361/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6361/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">690</span> A 24-Bit, 8.1-MS/s D/A Converter for Audio Baseband Channel Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Ben%20Ameur">N. Ben Ameur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Loulou"> M. Loulou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper study the high-level modelling and design of delta-sigma (ΔΣ) noise shapers for audio Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) so as to eliminate the in-band Signal-to-Noise- Ratio (SNR) degradation that accompany one channel mismatch in audio signal. The converter combines a cascaded digital signal interpolation, a noise-shaping single loop delta-sigma modulator with a 5-bit quantizer resolution in the final stage. To reduce sensitivity of Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) nonlinearities of the last stage, a high pass second order Data Weighted Averaging (R2DWA) is introduced. This paper presents a MATLAB description modelling approach of the proposed DAC architecture with low distortion and swing suppression integrator designs. The ΔΣ Modulator design can be configured as a 3rd-order and allows 24-bit PCM at sampling rate of 64 kHz for Digital Video Disc (DVD) audio application. The modeling approach provides 139.38 dB of dynamic range for a 32 kHz signal band at -1.6 dBFS input signal level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DVD-audio" title="DVD-audio">DVD-audio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DAC" title=" DAC"> DAC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Interpolator%20and%20Interpolation%0AFilter" title=" Interpolator and Interpolation Filter"> Interpolator and Interpolation Filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Single-Loop%20%CE%94%CE%A3%20Modulation" title=" Single-Loop ΔΣ Modulation"> Single-Loop ΔΣ Modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R2DWA" title=" R2DWA"> R2DWA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Clock%20Jitter" title=" Clock Jitter"> Clock Jitter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12990/a-24-bit-81-mss-da-converter-for-audio-baseband-channel-applications" class="btn 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