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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Leviathan" title="SS Leviathan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="SS Leviathan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اس‌اس لویاتان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اس‌اس لویاتان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Leviathan" title="SS Leviathan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="SS Leviathan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Leviathan" title="SS Leviathan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="SS Leviathan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Leviathan" title="SS Leviathan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="SS Leviathan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaterland_(schip,_1914)" title="Vaterland (schip, 1914) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vaterland (schip, 1914)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Leviathan" title="SS Leviathan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="SS Leviathan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Левиафан (лайнер) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Левиафан (лайнер)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Leviathan" title="SS Leviathan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="SS Leviathan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 19th-century ship, see <a href="/wiki/SS_Great_Eastern" title="SS Great Eastern">SS Great Eastern</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Leviathan (disambiguation)">Leviathan (disambiguation)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_named_SS_Vaterland" title="List of ships named SS Vaterland">List of ships named SS Vaterland</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lot-2217-1_(28115078651).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lot-2217-1_%2828115078651%29.jpg/300px-Lot-2217-1_%2828115078651%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lot-2217-1_%2828115078651%29.jpg/450px-Lot-2217-1_%2828115078651%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lot-2217-1_%2828115078651%29.jpg/600px-Lot-2217-1_%2828115078651%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2856" data-file-height="1912" /></a></span><div>German ocean liner <i>Vaterland</i>, seen in 1914.</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/42px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/63px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/84px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Vaterland</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Owner</td><td>HAPAG</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Operator</td><td><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_America_Line" title="Hamburg America Line">Hamburg America Line</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Port of registry</td><td><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Hamburg" title="Port of Hamburg">Hamburg</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Route</td><td>Hamburg – <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/Blohm%2BVoss" title="Blohm+Voss">Blohm+Voss</a>, Hamburg</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Yard number</td><td>212</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td>13 April 1911</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>3 April 1913</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Completed</td><td>29 April 1914</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Maiden voyage</td><td>14 May 1914</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">In service</td><td>14 May 1914 – July 1914</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Out of service</td><td>July 1914 to 6 April 1917</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Identification</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Code_letters" title="Code letters">Code letters</a> RVFJ<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Romeo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/ICS_Romeo.svg/15px-ICS_Romeo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/ICS_Romeo.svg/23px-ICS_Romeo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/ICS_Romeo.svg/30px-ICS_Romeo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Victor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/ICS_Victor.svg/15px-ICS_Victor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/ICS_Victor.svg/23px-ICS_Victor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/ICS_Victor.svg/30px-ICS_Victor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Foxtrot.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ICS_Foxtrot.svg/15px-ICS_Foxtrot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ICS_Foxtrot.svg/23px-ICS_Foxtrot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ICS_Foxtrot.svg/30px-ICS_Foxtrot.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Juliett.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/ICS_Juliett.svg/15px-ICS_Juliett.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/ICS_Juliett.svg/23px-ICS_Juliett.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/ICS_Juliett.svg/30px-ICS_Juliett.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_call_sign" title="Maritime call sign">Call sign</a> DVD<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Seized by the United States</td></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/107px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Owner</td><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Shipping_Board" title="United States Shipping Board">United States Shipping Board</a> (1917—1929)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Acquired</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Seized: 6 April 1917</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Navy custody: June 1917</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Commissioned</td><td>July 1917</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Decommissioned</td><td>29 October 1919</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Sold into civilian service</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Notes</td><td>Commissioned as a <a href="/wiki/Troopship" title="Troopship">troopship</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></td></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/107px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em">United States</span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Leviathan</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Owner</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Shipping_Board" title="United States Shipping Board">United States Shipping Board</a> (1917—1929)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Lines" title="United States Lines">United States Lines</a> (1929—1938)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Port of registry</td><td>New York</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Acquired</td><td>29 October 1919</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Maiden voyage</td><td>4 July 1923</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">In service</td><td>June 1923 to 1933, some service in 1934</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Out of service</td><td>1933 to 1937</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Identification</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">US <a href="/wiki/Official_number" title="Official number">official number</a> 215446<sup id="cite_ref-MVUS25_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVUS25-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">code letters LHQD (until 1933)<sup id="cite_ref-MVUS25_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVUS25-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Lima.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/ICS_Lima.svg/15px-ICS_Lima.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/ICS_Lima.svg/23px-ICS_Lima.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/ICS_Lima.svg/30px-ICS_Lima.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Hotel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/ICS_Hotel.svg/15px-ICS_Hotel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/ICS_Hotel.svg/23px-ICS_Hotel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/ICS_Hotel.svg/30px-ICS_Hotel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Quebec.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/ICS_Quebec.svg/15px-ICS_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/ICS_Quebec.svg/23px-ICS_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/ICS_Quebec.svg/30px-ICS_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Delta.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ICS_Delta.svg/15px-ICS_Delta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ICS_Delta.svg/23px-ICS_Delta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ICS_Delta.svg/30px-ICS_Delta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">call sign WSBN (by 1934<sup id="cite_ref-MVUS34_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVUS34-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Whiskey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/ICS_Whiskey.svg/15px-ICS_Whiskey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/ICS_Whiskey.svg/23px-ICS_Whiskey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/ICS_Whiskey.svg/30px-ICS_Whiskey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Sierra.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ICS_Sierra.svg/15px-ICS_Sierra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ICS_Sierra.svg/23px-ICS_Sierra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ICS_Sierra.svg/30px-ICS_Sierra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Bravo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ICS_Bravo.svg/15px-ICS_Bravo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ICS_Bravo.svg/23px-ICS_Bravo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ICS_Bravo.svg/30px-ICS_Bravo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_November.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/ICS_November.svg/15px-ICS_November.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/ICS_November.svg/23px-ICS_November.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/ICS_November.svg/30px-ICS_November.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Sold for scrap in 1938, broken up after 1946 at <a href="/wiki/Rosyth" title="Rosyth">Rosyth</a></td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Class and type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Imperator-class_ocean_liner" title="Imperator-class ocean liner"><i>Imperator</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">ocean liner</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Tonnage</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">59,956 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a>, 27,696 <a href="/wiki/Net_register_tonnage" title="Net register tonnage">NRT</a> (1925)<sup id="cite_ref-MVUS25_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVUS25-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">48,942 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a>, 15,796 <a href="/wiki/Net_register_tonnage" title="Net register tonnage">NRT</a> (1934)<sup id="cite_ref-MVUS34_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVUS34-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">950 ft (290 m)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">906.9 ft (276.4 m) <a href="/wiki/Length_between_perpendiculars" title="Length between perpendiculars">(Registry)</a><sup id="cite_ref-MVUS25_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVUS25-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>100 ft 4 in (30.58 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>37 ft 9 in (11.51 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Depth</td><td>23 ft 7 in (7.19 m)<sup id="cite_ref-MVUS25_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVUS25-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Decks</td><td>6</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>26 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (48 km/h; 30 mph)<sup id="cite_ref-DANFS_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DANFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Capacity</td><td>1st class: 752 <p>2nd class: 535 </p><p>3rd class: 850 </p><p>4th class(intermediate): 1,772 </p> Total: 3,909</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Crew</td><td>1,234<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><b>World War I Navy service:</b></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × 6-inch guns</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × <a href="/wiki/1-pounder_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="1-pounder gun">1-pounder gun</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × machine gun</li> </ul></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>SS <i>Vaterland</i></b> was an ocean liner launched on 3 April 1913 and began service in 1914 for Germany's <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_America_Line" title="Hamburg America Line">Hamburg America Line</a>. The ship, second of three running mates and then the largest passenger ship in the world, made her first voyage to New York arriving on 21 May 1914 under the command of a Commodore and four Captains of the German Naval Reserve to celebrations featuring German and American officials at the line's <a href="/wiki/Hoboken" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoboken">Hoboken</a> facilities. </p><p>The ship was designed to carry 4,050 passengers with most in third or fourth class. Those among the 700 first class and 600 second class passengers traveled in considerable luxury. The main public rooms took advantage of an unusual arrangement of the routing from boiler to stack along the sides rather than center to feature long and unbroken access from a replica of the New York Ritz-Carlton Restaurant main dining room forward to the lounge and ball room aft. <i>Vaterland</i> served on the route for less than a year before being laid up at the line's piers in the neutral United States due to the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and risk of seizure by the Allies at sea. </p><p>With U.S. entry into the war in 1917, <i>Vaterland</i> and the German line's Hoboken facility were seized by the US government. The ship was placed under the control of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Shipping_Board" title="United States Shipping Board">United States Shipping Board</a> and in July 1917 to the Navy for completion of repairs and conversion to a <a href="/wiki/Troopship" title="Troopship">troop ship</a>. In July 1917 the ship was commissioned as USS <i>Vaterland</i> and on 6 September 1917 renamed <b>USS <i>Leviathan</i> (ID-1326)</b> and assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Cruiser_and_Transport_Force" title="Cruiser and Transport Force">Cruiser and Transport Force</a>. The ship's first troop transport voyage departed New York on 17 December 1917 with 7,250 troops. At <a href="/wiki/Liverpool,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool, England">Liverpool, England</a>, the ship spent fifty days in drydock, where her size was shown to be a problem, and troop capacity was expanded to 8,200. Further trips were destined for <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest, France</a> and troop capacity was incrementally increased to 10,500 by summer of 1918 and with double bunking to 14,000. The ship's speed allowed transit without escort and often <i>Leviathan</i> and the fast ships <a href="/wiki/SS_Great_Northern" title="SS Great Northern"><i>Great Northern</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/SS_Northern_Pacific" title="SS Northern Pacific"><i>Northern Pacific</i></a> made the transit in company without escort. During the war the ship made ten round trips transporting more than 119,000 troops to Europe. That process was reversed after the war with the ship's last voyage with returning troops arriving on 8 September 1919. The ship was decommissioned and turned over to the Shipping Board on 29 October 1919, remaining laid up at Hoboken until April 1922. </p><p>At the end of the war there was a surplus of ships and a large number of Shipping Board sponsored companies. <i>Leviathan</i> was not only competing against that surplus but from lack of information such as blueprints from Germany, so that new ones had to be created by actual measurement of the ship. The ship was also caught up in controversies regarding the company originally agreeing to operate the ship. In April 1922, $8,000,000 in funding made it possible to move the ship to News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company, Newport News, Virginia, for a complete refurbishing and overhaul including all wiring and plumbing being replaced and conversion from coal to oil as fuel. Interior decorations, though much was kept, were modernized in a 1920s style. In June 1923 the ship was returned to the Shipping Board as <b>SS <i>Leviathan</i></b> with an increase in gross tonnage leading to advertisement as the largest and fastest liner, a claim that was challenged by both the British Cunard and the White Star lines. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Lines" title="United States Lines">United States Lines</a> was contracted to operate the ship for a minimum of five Atlantic voyages per year. Though popular in the U.S. market, high cost and inability to sell alcohol during <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Prohibition</a>, in which all U.S. registered ships were "dry", made it so that many sought foreign shipping. Even with the ship eventually being allowed to serve "medicinal" alcohol when outside U.S. waters the Great Depression drove the line to demand either subsidies or that the Shipping Board take the ship back. In June 1933 <i>Leviathan</i> was laid up at Hoboken. The Shipping Board required the ship to go into operation but losses were high. The 1936 high season for the Atlantic saw a loss of $143,000 on the first trip and by the required fifth voyage the ship was at half capacity. The line paid the Shipping Board $500,000 to retire the ship with a continued requirement to keep it in running condition. In the entire operating period as a U.S. liner the ship never made a profit despite efforts by the United States Line to make her profitable including the installation of a sea plane ramp above her bridge. </p><p>British Metal Industries Ltd. bought <i>Leviathan</i> in 1937 with the ship arriving at <a href="/wiki/Rosyth" title="Rosyth">Rosyth</a>, Scotland, on 14 February 1938 for scrapping. The size of the vessel and start of World War II delayed final scrapping until 1946. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_and_early_career">Construction and early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Vaterland_(1913)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Construction and early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Vaterland</i>, a 53,500 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">steam turbine</a> passenger <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">liner</a>, was built by <a href="/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss" class="mw-redirect" title="Blohm & Voss">Blohm & Voss</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany, as the second of a trio of very large ships of the <a href="/wiki/Imperator-class_ocean_liner" title="Imperator-class ocean liner"><i>Imperator</i> class</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_America_Line" title="Hamburg America Line">Hamburg America Line</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_crossing" title="Transatlantic crossing">trans-Atlantic</a> route. Construction began in September 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-IME6-14_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IME6-14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1906–1907 construction berths were inadequate for <i>Vaterland</i> and a new berth was constructed in 1910–1911 with a width of 288 ft (87.8 m) at the waterfront and a height of 166 ft (50.6 m) from floor to crane runway. Half was built to accommodate the new ship with a length of 1,025 ft (312.4 m) with 16 traveling cranes and a 230-ton revolving crane capable of handling the new ship's machinery.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Vaterland</i> was built to conform to German, British and American laws and rules of shipbuilding. The ship had a double bottom and double skin to above the waterline with transverse and longitudinal steel bulkheads. The ship had five steel decks with four superimposed decks for a total of nine decks above the waterline. In an unusual, new, arrangement the funnels passed through the decks at the sides of the hull rather than center allowing an entirely new arrangement of the public rooms. Those rooms opened from one to the next so that a vista extended from the Ritz-Carlton restaurant, oval and replicating the New York original, through the palm garden, grand hallway to the main lounge and ball room. The main staircase extended through six decks and was supplemented by elevators. The wireless system, provided by Marconi rival, the <a href="/wiki/Telefunken" title="Telefunken">Telefunken</a> Company of Berlin, was the most powerful installed at the time on a ship, and consisted of a long distance set to keep the vessel in constant touch across the Atlantic, a second set with 400 mile day range and 1,200 mile night range and a battery powered set was on standby for emergencies. Of the 83 lifeboats, with a capacity for about 5,300, the two powered boats were also equipped with wireless. Forty-six watertube boilers in four stokeholds provided steam for the turbines driving the four 19' 7" diameter screws.<sup id="cite_ref-IME6-14_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IME6-14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stapellauf_Vaterland_(1913).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Stapellauf_Vaterland_%281913%29.jpg/220px-Stapellauf_Vaterland_%281913%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Stapellauf_Vaterland_%281913%29.jpg/330px-Stapellauf_Vaterland_%281913%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Stapellauf_Vaterland_%281913%29.jpg/440px-Stapellauf_Vaterland_%281913%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="757" /></a><figcaption>Launch of <i>Vaterland</i>, 3 April 1913</figcaption></figure> <p>The ship was launched on 3 April 1913 in a ceremony performed by <a href="/wiki/Rupprecht,_Crown_Prince_of_Bavaria" title="Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria">Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria</a>. Intended passenger capacity of 4,050 was to be 700 first, 600 second, 1,050 third and 1,700 fourth class passengers. With 1,200 crew the total persons aboard was planned to be 5,250 with 83 lifeboats with capacity for more than those aboard.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Vaterland</i> was the largest <a href="/wiki/Passenger_ship" title="Passenger ship">passenger ship</a> in the world upon her completion, superseding <a href="/wiki/SS_Imperator" title="SS Imperator">SS <i>Imperator</i></a>, but later being superseded in turn by the last ship of this class, <a href="/wiki/RMS_Majestic_(1914)" title="RMS Majestic (1914)">SS <i>Bismarck</i></a>, later the <a href="/wiki/RMS_Majestic_(1914)" title="RMS Majestic (1914)">RMS <i>Majestic</i></a>. </p><p>On the ship's maiden voyage, arriving at New York on 21 May 1914, there were 1,234 crew commanded by HAPAG Commodore Hans Ruser.<sup id="cite_ref-IME6-14_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IME6-14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gleaves_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleaves-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine department consisted of a chief engineer, three first engineers, thirty-five assistants and electricians with boilers operated by twelve chief firemen, fifteen oilers, 187 stokers and 189 trimmers. The ship was highly electrified and had an electric forced air system for fresh air throughout the ship.<sup id="cite_ref-IME6-14_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IME6-14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_German_ships.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/US_Navy_German_ships.jpg/220px-US_Navy_German_ships.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/US_Navy_German_ships.jpg/330px-US_Navy_German_ships.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/US_Navy_German_ships.jpg/440px-US_Navy_German_ships.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption><i>Vaterland</i> (largest ship) and other German liners laid up in New York, 4 April 1917</figcaption></figure> <p>At the reception luncheon held aboard at the Hamburg-American Line's Hoboken piers on that maiden voyage attended by the German Ambassador and officials of the line, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleaves" title="Albert Gleaves">Albert Gleaves</a>, at the time Commandant of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Navy_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Navy Yard">New York Navy Yard</a> and later Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Cruiser_and_Transport_Force" title="Cruiser and Transport Force">Cruiser and Transport Force</a> in the war, asked an official how many troops the ship could carry. He reports the official replied: "Ten thousand, and we built her to bring them over here." Three years later, at the same pier, by then seized for the Army's <a href="/wiki/New_York_Port_of_Embarkation" title="New York Port of Embarkation">Hoboken Port of Embarkation</a> and with the ship under a new name, Gleaves again was aboard as commander of convoy operations in the Atlantic seeing the ship preparing to take 10,000 soldiers to fight Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleaves_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleaves-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Vaterland</i> had made only a few trips when, in late July 1914, she arrived at New York City just as <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> broke out. With a safe return to Germany rendered questionable by British dominance of the seas, she was laid up at her <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken, New Jersey</a> terminal and remained immobile for nearly three years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_I">World War I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Vaterland_(1913)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Leviathan_SP-1326.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/USS_Leviathan_SP-1326.jpg/220px-USS_Leviathan_SP-1326.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/USS_Leviathan_SP-1326.jpg/330px-USS_Leviathan_SP-1326.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/USS_Leviathan_SP-1326.jpg/440px-USS_Leviathan_SP-1326.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption>USS <i>Leviathan</i> in <a href="/wiki/Dazzle_camouflage" title="Dazzle camouflage">dazzle camouflage</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Vaterland</i> was seized by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Shipping_Board" title="United States Shipping Board">United States Shipping Board</a> when the United States entered World War I on 6 April 1917. Of all the German ships seized, <i>Vaterland</i> was the only one not to have engines and machinery damaged by the German crews.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleaves_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleaves-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DANFS_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DANFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her German crew was sent to a new internment camp in <a href="/wiki/Hot_Springs,_North_Carolina" title="Hot Springs, North Carolina">Hot Springs, North Carolina</a>, where many of them later died of a <a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">typhoid fever</a> outbreak in summer 1918 as they were about to be transferred to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Oglethorpe_(Fort_Oglethorpe,_Georgia)" title="Fort Oglethorpe (Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia)">Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the lack of intentional damage the ship was badly deteriorated requiring major repairs, cleaning and painting. The work was going slowly under the USSB with the Navy recommending that it take charge of that process and the ship was turned over to the custody of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> (USN) in June 1917. <i>Vaterland</i> was the last of the German ships turned over to the Navy to complete repair and conversion.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleaves_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleaves-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DANFS_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DANFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was commissioned by the USN in July 1917 as the USS <i>Vaterland</i>, <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-6)" title="Captain (United States O-6)">Captain</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wallace_Oman" title="Joseph Wallace Oman">Joseph Wallace Oman</a> in command. On 6 September 1917 she was redesignated SP-1326 and renamed <i>Leviathan</i> by <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DANFS_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DANFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trial cruise to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> on 17 November 1917 prompted Captain Oman to order 241 Marines on board to relieve a detachment of Marines and to station themselves conspicuously about the upper decks, giving the appearance from shore that the great ship was headed overseas to increase the <a href="/wiki/American_Expeditionary_Forces" title="American Expeditionary Forces">American Expeditionary Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon her return later that month, she reported for duty with the <a href="/wiki/Cruiser_and_Transport_Force" title="Cruiser and Transport Force">Cruiser and Transport Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleaves_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleaves-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DANFS_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DANFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The transport sailed for Europe on 17 December 1917 with 7,250 troops to <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, England where the transport's size, a major advantage with its troop capacity, demonstrated how highly that size limited the ports and repair facilities that could be used in Europe. The ship entered dry dock there but could only enter or leave the dry dock on full moon tides that were required to float the ship over the dock's sill. In the fifty days there the ship's troop capacity was increased to 8,200. The ship was repainted with the British-type <a href="/wiki/Dazzle_camouflage" title="Dazzle camouflage">dazzle camouflage</a> scheme that she carried for the rest of the war. After return to New York her capacity was increased to 8,900. On 4 March 1918 the ship again sailed for Liverpool but diverted to Brest for future voyages due to poor berthing and coaling facilities in Liverpool. In early summer of 1918 the ship's troop capacity was increased to 10,500.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleaves_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleaves-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DANFS_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DANFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LEVIATHAN_leaving_for_France_with_11,000_American_troops.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/LEVIATHAN_leaving_for_France_with_11%2C000_American_troops.png/220px-LEVIATHAN_leaving_for_France_with_11%2C000_American_troops.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/LEVIATHAN_leaving_for_France_with_11%2C000_American_troops.png/330px-LEVIATHAN_leaving_for_France_with_11%2C000_American_troops.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/LEVIATHAN_leaving_for_France_with_11%2C000_American_troops.png/440px-LEVIATHAN_leaving_for_France_with_11%2C000_American_troops.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption><i>Leviathan</i> leaving for France from the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Port_of_Embarkation" title="New York Port of Embarkation">Hoboken Port of Embarkation</a> with 11,000 American troops.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Leviathan</i> began regular passages between the Hoboken Port of Embarkation and <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a>, France, delivering up to 14,000 persons on each trip. Once experience in embarking troops was gained, 11,000 troops could board the ship in two hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Huston_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huston-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fastest ships, to meet the troop transport demands in reaction to the German offensive of March 1918, began the system in which troops shared bunks taking turns to sleep. <i>Leviathan</i> thus doubled its capacity from 7,000 to 14,000 troops. With their speed <i>Leviathan</i>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Northern_Pacific" title="SS Northern Pacific"><i>Northern Pacific</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/SS_Great_Northern" title="SS Great Northern"><i>Great Northern</i></a> sailed without escort together. In June 1918 the German Admiralty announced <i>Leviathan</i> was sunk with American troops. The German press was enthusiastic in the claim that the former <i>Vaterland</i> converted to an American troop transport, had been sunk, and in the midst of this enthusiasm she was reported mistakenly as having been torpedoed, when in fact it was the British troopship <a href="/wiki/SS_Justicia" title="SS Justicia"><i>Justicia</i></a> that had actually fallen victim to German submarines.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleaves_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleaves-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 September 1918 she left New York for Brest on a voyage that would prove to have the worst in-transit casualties of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu#Deadly_second_wave_of_late_1918" title="Spanish flu">deadly second wave of the Spanish flu</a>. By the time she arrived at Brest on 8 October, 2,000 were sick, and 80 had died.<sup id="cite_ref-Sorick_2018_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorick_2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Transports, including <i>Leviathan</i> underwent a needed overhaul after signing of the armistice before the major effort of returning the troops began.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleaves_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleaves-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that date <i>Leviathan</i>, repainted grey overall by December 1918, reversed the flow of men as she transported the veterans back to the United States with nine westward crossings, the last ending on 8 September 1919. On 29 October 1919, <i>Leviathan</i> was decommissioned and turned over to the US Shipping Board and again laid up at Hoboken until plans for her future employment could be determined. </p><p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_with_Germany_(Compi%C3%A8gne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)">armistice</a> was signed on 11 November 1918, the ship made ten round trips from Hoboken to Europe transporting more than 119,000 fighting men.<sup id="cite_ref-DANFS_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DANFS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amongst the ship's US Navy crew in this period was future film star <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_service">American service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Vaterland_(1913)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reconstruction">Reconstruction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Vaterland_(1913)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The US Shipping Board was by the end of the war encumbered with surplus tonnage and government sponsored shipping companies. On 17 December 1919 the <a href="/wiki/International_Mercantile_Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="International Mercantile Marine">International Mercantile Marine</a> (IMM) signed a contract with the United States Shipping Board's <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Fleet_Corporation" title="Emergency Fleet Corporation">Emergency Fleet Corporation</a> (EFC) that IMM as agent would supervise the plans and specifications for complete rehabilitation of the ship. That work was done by the construction department of IMM assisted by two committees of leading ship yard representatives, one to address general reconditioning and the other to address conversion from coal to oil as fuel. The result was issued on 9 April 1920 to six commercial and two Navy yards. Only one bid was returned by Todd Shipbuilding Corporation<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Navy_Yard" title="Boston Navy Yard">Boston Navy Yard</a> responded with an estimate. Costs and work in yards were at a peak and the EFC decided to await a more favorable time to solicit new bids.<sup id="cite_ref-USSB6AR_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSB6AR-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The EFC directed the agents in March 1921 to prepare a new set of specifications for a fully operational ship, including all necessary articles such as table and silverware, linens and books. The IMM construction department was thoroughly familiar with the ship including specifications for machinery repair which were not in the original request for bids.<sup id="cite_ref-USSB6AR_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSB6AR-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blueprints for the original construction had not been received from Germany under the Versailles Treaty and the price now asked by the German builders, $1,000,000, was deemed outrageous so that an army of workers measured every part of the ship until a new set of prints had been made.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tgol_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tgol-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 October 1921 the new solicitation went out with bids due on 29 December 1921. The EFC postponed the bid opening to 30 December and accepted the bid of the <a href="/wiki/Newport_News_Shipbuilding_%26_Dry_Dock_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company">Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News, Virginia</a>, for $6,135,575 which was $3,334,000 less than the Boston Navy Yard's estimate and $5,145,000 less than the commercial bid received for the original despite that not including any work on machinery or incidentals such as table service and linens. On 15 February 1922 the contract was awarded to include $515,000 for machinery repair, for a total of $6,116,000 with a separate award to Gimbel Brothers of New York of $546,366.63 for the equipping the Steward's department with the incidental items. The total awarded was $6,656,366.63. At the same time Gibbs Brothers Inc., later named <a href="/wiki/Gibbs_%26_Cox" title="Gibbs & Cox">Gibbs & Cox</a>, hired to oversee the work leading to the contract, were awarded $1,518,058.37 for agency fees, inspection, audits and accounting and miscellaneous repairs leading up to awarding the contract.<sup id="cite_ref-USSB6AR_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSB6AR-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In agreement with IMM the EFC cancelled the agency contract and awarded it to Gibbs Brothers, who took over as agent and assumed on 28 February 1922 all functions and obligations previously assigned to IMM.<sup id="cite_ref-USSB6AR_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSB6AR-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newspaper mogul <a href="/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst" title="William Randolph Hearst">William Randolph Hearst</a>, riding on nationalistic sentiment, had objected to the IMM involvement by claiming British influence over IMM.<sup id="cite_ref-Braynard_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braynard-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the prolonged lay-up at Hoboken, the ship was quickly prepared with repairs and provision of necessary gear, fueled and crewed to sail to Norfolk. The ship sailed on 9 April 1922 arriving without incident at the shipyard on 10 April.<sup id="cite_ref-USSB6AR_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSB6AR-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There the ship began a 14-month reconditioning and refurbishment.<sup id="cite_ref-Braynard_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braynard-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All wiring, plumbing, and interior layouts were stripped while her hull was strengthened and her boilers converted from coal to oil; virtually a new ship emerged.<sup id="cite_ref-tgol_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tgol-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the ship was undergoing reconstruction, the Hoboken facilities were modified to be more suitable for such a large ship's operation. Pier #5 was removed and the space between #4 and #6 was dredged to a depth of 45 ft (13.7 m). The plan changed and the ship was to be docked in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> with an agreement with United American Lines to use Pier 86 at the foot of 46th Street. As a result of that decision the pier itself required strengthening and dredging was required to provide both a channel and turning basin. For 1,000 ft (304.8 m) up and down river and to the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> shore dredging to 42 ft (12.8 m) and clearance of obstructions with aid of divers prepared a berth for the ship.<sup id="cite_ref-USSB7AR_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSB7AR-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SS_Leviathan_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/SS_Leviathan_1913.jpg/360px-SS_Leviathan_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/SS_Leviathan_1913.jpg/540px-SS_Leviathan_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/SS_Leviathan_1913.jpg/720px-SS_Leviathan_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption><i>Leviathan</i> operated by United States Lines, after her reconversion as an ocean liner, c. 1930s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Ritz-Carlton_Room_of_the_SS_Leviathan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/The_Ritz-Carlton_Room_of_the_SS_Leviathan.jpg/220px-The_Ritz-Carlton_Room_of_the_SS_Leviathan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/The_Ritz-Carlton_Room_of_the_SS_Leviathan.jpg/330px-The_Ritz-Carlton_Room_of_the_SS_Leviathan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/The_Ritz-Carlton_Room_of_the_SS_Leviathan.jpg/440px-The_Ritz-Carlton_Room_of_the_SS_Leviathan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>The Ritz-Carlton of <i>Leviathan</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The decorations and fittings, designed by New York architects <a href="/wiki/Walker_%26_Gillette" title="Walker & Gillette">Walker & Gillette</a>, retained much of her prewar splendor of Edwardian, Georgian, and Louis XVI styles now merged with modern 1920s touches.<sup id="cite_ref-ggarchives_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ggarchives-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The biggest deviation was an <a href="/wiki/Art_deco" class="mw-redirect" title="Art deco">art deco</a> night club supplanting the original Verandah Cafe. In June 1923 she was given back to the Shipping Board. <i>Leviathan</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s measured tonnage had increased to 59,956.65 <a href="/wiki/Gross_Register_Tonnage" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Register Tonnage">GRT</a> and her speed trials showed an average of 27.48 knots. Thanks in part to Gibbs' clever accounting and the Gulf stream, she was advertised as the world's largest and fastest ship.<sup id="cite_ref-Braynard_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braynard-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tgol_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tgol-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ggarchives_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ggarchives-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This claim was immediately challenged by the <a href="/wiki/Cunard_Line" title="Cunard Line">Cunard Line</a>, with a reminder that its <a href="/wiki/RMS_Mauretania_(1906)" title="RMS Mauretania (1906)">RMS <i>Mauretania</i></a> still held the official speed record for trans-Atlantic crossing, as well as the <a href="/wiki/White_Star_Line" title="White Star Line">White Star Line</a>, which claimed the <a href="/wiki/RMS_Majestic_(1914)" title="RMS Majestic (1914)">RMS <i>Majestic</i></a> as the world's longest ship, with a higher gross tonnage if properly calculated. In the next fiscal year, 30 July 1923 to 30 June 1924, new and more efficient three bladed propellers were designed to replace the original four bladed propellers to be installed at the next dry docking. The design was expected to increase speed at 6,000 less horsepower than the originals.<sup id="cite_ref-USSB8AR_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSB8AR-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service_for_United_States_Lines">Service for United States Lines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Vaterland_(1913)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Service for United States Lines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poster_of_SS_Leviathan_-_NARA_-_594952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Poster_of_SS_Leviathan_-_NARA_-_594952.jpg/220px-Poster_of_SS_Leviathan_-_NARA_-_594952.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Poster_of_SS_Leviathan_-_NARA_-_594952.jpg/330px-Poster_of_SS_Leviathan_-_NARA_-_594952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Poster_of_SS_Leviathan_-_NARA_-_594952.jpg/440px-Poster_of_SS_Leviathan_-_NARA_-_594952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Advertising poster for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Lines" title="United States Lines">United States Lines</a> of the late 1920s, depicting <i>Leviathan</i></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/United_States_Lines" title="United States Lines">United States Lines</a>, the trade name of an operating entity of the USSB's Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC), was obligated to run <i>Leviathan</i> for a minimum of five return voyages on the Atlantic run per year. All the line's finances were controlled by the USSB which also owned all the ships.<sup id="cite_ref-USSB9AR_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSB9AR-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gibbs Brothers Inc would run her for her first voyages and train the crew.<sup id="cite_ref-Braynard_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braynard-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She immediately proved popular with the American public in the '20s, starting her career fully booked for her maiden voyage departing on 4 July 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-Time1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 December 1923 <i>Leviathan</i> grounded on the west side of the channel at New York near <a href="/wiki/Robbins_Reef_Light" title="Robbins Reef Light">Robbins Reef Light</a> at 10:44 in the morning; remaining grounded until lifted by tide and pulled by tugs at 5:30 in the afternoon. The ship's course was altered by a strong tidal current and though going at a reasonable speed and engines were put full astern the ship grounded from bow to just forward of the bridge. The ship's outboard engines had been reported for some time to be inoperative astern. Though investigation by the United States <a href="/wiki/Steamboat_Inspection_Service" title="Steamboat Inspection Service">Steamboat Inspection Service</a> found no negligence they noted that the grounding might have been avoided if the wing propellers had been fully operational astern. It further noted that a ship of that size was very difficult to maneuver in the harbor. One result was to withdraw waters reserved for large naval vessels so that commercial vessels were forced to make a turn in the "Narrows" into the upper bay. The grounding led to a full review of the costs and technical difficulties of repairing the inoperative reverse turbines.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ship's orchestra, the "SS <i>Leviathan</i> Orchestra", directed by Nelson Maples, was well regarded enough that in 1923 and 1924 <a href="/wiki/Victor_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Records">Victor Records</a> engaged it to record eleven selections at their New York studios, of which eight were commercially released. Decades later the name would be the inspiration for the <a href="/wiki/New_Leviathan_Oriental_Fox-Trot_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="New Leviathan Oriental Fox-Trot Orchestra">New Leviathan Oriental Fox-Trot Orchestra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her passenger average reached 1,300 by 1926, making her the second most traveled ship on the Atlantic that year. Throughout 1927, she carried a career high 40,537 passengers, which was more than any other ship that year, including a record 2,741 passengers on an eastbound crossing that September. Despite her loyal passenger following, it would not be enough to make her profitable.<sup id="cite_ref-tgol_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tgol-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her economic problems lay primarily in high labor costs and fuel costs which were compounded by <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a>. From 1920 all US registered ships counted as an extension of US territory, making them "dry ships" according to the <a href="/wiki/National_Prohibition_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="National Prohibition Act">National Prohibition Act</a>. With the Atlantic shipping capacity oversaturated, especially after the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924" title="Immigration Act of 1924">Immigration Act of 1924</a>, alcohol-seeking passengers readily chose other liners.<sup id="cite_ref-tgol_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tgol-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But <i>Leviathan</i> was an American symbol of power and prestige, which despite her economic failings, made her a popular ship with loyal travelers. She attracted attention as the largest and fastest ship in the American merchant marine and featured in countless advertisements. The only serious incident occurred one day out of Cherbourg on a winter crossing in 1924 where she met a fierce storm with 90 ft waves and winds up to 100 mph, at times forcing her into 20 degree rolls. Eleven portholes were smashed and 32 passengers were injured by the time the storm abated.<sup id="cite_ref-Time5_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time5-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Captain Herbert Hartley commanded <i>Leviathan</i> from July 1923 until he retired in February 1928. (Hartley published his autobiography titled <i>Home Is the Sailor</i> in 1955). By the end of the decade, the "good years" were over, in which time the United States Lines had been sold and re-nationalized. In 1929 <i>Leviathan</i> was finally allowed to serve "medicinal alcohol" outside US territorial waters to make her more competitive with foreign lines and was quickly sent on Booze Cruises to make money.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sale_of_United_States_Lines_and_final_days">Sale of United States Lines and final days</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Vaterland_(1913)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sale of United States Lines and final days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1929 the United States Lines was advertised to be sold with two ships, <a href="/wiki/SS_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II" title="SS Kaiser Wilhelm II"><i>Monticello</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/SS_Kronprinzessin_Cecilie_(1906)" title="SS Kronprinzessin Cecilie (1906)"><i>Mount Vernon</i></a>, as purchase options which were not included in the final bid that was accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six bids were received and opened on 15 January 1929. On 14 February, after hearings in the Senate Committee on Commerce had raised no objection, the bid of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Wadsworth_Chapman" title="Paul Wadsworth Chapman">P. W. Chapman Co.</a> of New York was accepted. The sale included another USSB entity, American Merchant Lines, which merged into the commercial United States Lines, Incorporated. The sale was executed on 21 March 1929, with <i>Leviathan</i> being the first ship delivered to the new line on 8 April. A requirement of the sale mandated the new owners, with the construction loan fund, build two first class liners with plans approved by the USSB and U.S. Navy, to operate with <i>Leviathan</i>. Another condition of sale was an obligation to operate the vessels for ten years with a minimum of 61 voyages per year of all the vessels purchased by the new line. Sale of the two lines and eleven vessels for $16,082,000 divested the USSB of the last passenger services.<sup id="cite_ref-USSB13AR_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSB13AR-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The price of <i>Leviathan</i> was a significant portion of the sale at $6,782,000.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lines had been supervised by the Merchant Fleet Corporation under USSB/EFC with 630 employees and that organization began dissolution.<sup id="cite_ref-USSB13AR_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSB13AR-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-12864,_Passagierdampfer_%22Leviathan%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-12864%2C_Passagierdampfer_%22Leviathan%22.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-12864%2C_Passagierdampfer_%22Leviathan%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-12864%2C_Passagierdampfer_%22Leviathan%22.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-12864%2C_Passagierdampfer_%22Leviathan%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-12864%2C_Passagierdampfer_%22Leviathan%22.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-12864%2C_Passagierdampfer_%22Leviathan%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption><i>Leviathan</i> in drydock, December 1931.</figcaption></figure> <p>In October 1931 United States Lines had been reincorporated with the aid of the USSB as United States Lines of Nevada, Inc. after financial difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-USSB16AR_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSB16AR-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IMM, which acquired the line at auction, was just as eager to be rid of the white elephant. <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Depression" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Depression">The Great Depression</a> was the final nail in the coffin.<sup id="cite_ref-Time3_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The USSB was abolished and its functions reduced to a Bureau within the Department of Commerce on 10 August 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> United States Lines actively lobbied for the government to either take the <i>Leviathan</i> back or provide a subsidy for her operation. She was laid up at her pier in Hoboken, New Jersey, in June 1933, having lost $75,000 per round trip since 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-Time3_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government steadfastly stipulated that <i>Leviathan</i> should sail, and so she did after a refurbishment costing $150,000, for another five round trips. The first round trip sailed on 9 June 1934, high season on the Atlantic, and tallied a loss of $143,000. By <i>Leviathan</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s fifth voyage she sailed at barely half capacity. IMM paid the US government $500,000 for permission to retire her while keeping her in running order until 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-Time4_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time4-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1937 she was sold to the British Metal Industries Ltd. On 26 January 1938 <i>Leviathan</i> set out on her 301st and last transatlantic voyage under the command of Captain John Binks, retired master of the <i><a href="/wiki/RMS_Olympic" title="RMS Olympic">RMS Olympic</a></i>, with a crew of 125 officers and men who had been hired to deliver the ship to the breakers. To quote author Melvin Maddocks, <i>Binks was not the luckiest of men now he had a ship to match him...it was no easier steering the old monster to her slaughter than it was to steer her any where else.</i><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Leviathan</i> arrived at <a href="/wiki/Rosyth" title="Rosyth">Rosyth</a>, Scotland, on 14 February. In the 13 years that she served United States Lines she carried more than a quarter-million passengers, never making a profit. Due to the size of the vessel and the outbreak of the Second World War, final demolition took place only in 1946. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="text-align:center"> <li class="gallerycaption">SS <i>Vaterland</i>, USS <i>Leviathan</i>, SS <i>Leviathan</i></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swimming_pool_aboard_the_Hamburg-American_Line_ship_Vaterland_(28115076451).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Swimming pool aboard the Vaterland"><img alt="Swimming pool aboard the Vaterland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Swimming_pool_aboard_the_Hamburg-American_Line_ship_Vaterland_%2828115076451%29.jpg/120px-Swimming_pool_aboard_the_Hamburg-American_Line_ship_Vaterland_%2828115076451%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Swimming_pool_aboard_the_Hamburg-American_Line_ship_Vaterland_%2828115076451%29.jpg/180px-Swimming_pool_aboard_the_Hamburg-American_Line_ship_Vaterland_%2828115076451%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Swimming_pool_aboard_the_Hamburg-American_Line_ship_Vaterland_%2828115076451%29.jpg/240px-Swimming_pool_aboard_the_Hamburg-American_Line_ship_Vaterland_%2828115076451%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2935" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Swimming pool aboard the <i>Vaterland</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Fast_Convoy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="USS Leviathan escorted by USS Allen, both in dazzle camouflage, painted by Burnell Poole, 1918"><img alt="USS Leviathan escorted by USS Allen, both in dazzle camouflage, painted by Burnell Poole, 1918" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/A_Fast_Convoy.jpg/120px-A_Fast_Convoy.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/A_Fast_Convoy.jpg/180px-A_Fast_Convoy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/A_Fast_Convoy.jpg/240px-A_Fast_Convoy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">USS <i>Leviathan</i> escorted by <a href="/wiki/USS_Allen_(DD-66)" title="USS Allen (DD-66)">USS <i>Allen</i></a>, both in <a href="/wiki/Dazzle_camouflage" title="Dazzle camouflage">dazzle camouflage</a>, painted by <a href="/wiki/Burnell_Poole" title="Burnell Poole">Burnell Poole</a>, 1918</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Imperator_and_USS_Leviathan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="USS Imperator (at left) and USS Leviathan (at right) at Hoboken, New Jersey, circa 1919"><img alt="USS Imperator (at left) and USS Leviathan (at right) at Hoboken, New Jersey, circa 1919" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/USS_Imperator_and_USS_Leviathan.jpg/120px-USS_Imperator_and_USS_Leviathan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/USS_Imperator_and_USS_Leviathan.jpg/180px-USS_Imperator_and_USS_Leviathan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/USS_Imperator_and_USS_Leviathan.jpg/240px-USS_Imperator_and_USS_Leviathan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="257" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/USS_Imperator" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Imperator">USS <i>Imperator</i></a> (at left) and USS <i>Leviathan</i> (at right) at <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken, New Jersey</a>, circa 1919</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SS_Leviathan_by_an_unknown_artist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="SS ''Leviathan'', painted in 1925"><img alt="SS ''Leviathan'', painted in 1925" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SS_Leviathan_by_an_unknown_artist.jpg/120px-SS_Leviathan_by_an_unknown_artist.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SS_Leviathan_by_an_unknown_artist.jpg/180px-SS_Leviathan_by_an_unknown_artist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SS_Leviathan_by_an_unknown_artist.jpg/240px-SS_Leviathan_by_an_unknown_artist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">SS ''Leviathan'', painted in 1925</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Vaterland_(1913)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The line was itself a USSB/EFC operating entity until sale in the 1930s.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There were numerous "Todd" entities involved in ship work and without exact location for the entity being given which entity is referenced here is difficult to determine. The USSB EFC took over or took controlling interest in U.S. shipbuilding in the war and afterwards disposed of many or allowed the private concern to buy the facility back from the EFC (see <i>Sisth Annual Report of the United States Shipping Board</i> pages 211-212).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The USSB noted that since it was divesting itself of shipping lines there was no point in reconditioning these two ships.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Vaterland_(1913)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><i>Lloyd's Register of Shipping</i>. Vol. I–Steamers. London: <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_Register" title="Lloyd's Register">Lloyd's Register</a> of Shipping. 1914. VAR–VAU.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lloyd%27s+Register+of+Shipping&rft.place=London&rft.pages=VAR-VAU&rft.pub=Lloyd%27s+Register+of+Shipping&rft.date=1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Marconi_Press_Agency_Ltd1918" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Company" title="Marconi Company">The Marconi Press Agency Ltd</a> (1918). <i>The Year Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony</i>. London: The Wireless Press, Ltd. p. 687.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Year+Book+of+Wireless+Telegraphy+and+Telephony&rft.place=London&rft.pages=687&rft.pub=The+Wireless+Press%2C+Ltd&rft.date=1918&rft.au=The+Marconi+Press+Agency+Ltd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MVUS25-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MVUS25_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MVUS25_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MVUS25_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MVUS25_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MVUS25_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435066707100?urlappend=%3Bseq=136%3Bownerid=113189007-140"><i>Merchant Vessels of the United States 1924-1925</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce, Bureau of Navigation. 1925. p. 132. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fosu.32435066707100?urlappend=%3Bseq=136%3Bownerid=113189007-140">2027/osu.32435066707100</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merchant+Vessels+of+the+United+States+1924-1925&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Department+of+Commerce%2C+Bureau+of+Navigation&rft.date=1925&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fosu.32435066707100%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D136%253Bownerid%3D113189007-140&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fosu.32435066707100%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D136%253Bownerid%3D113189007-140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MVUS34-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MVUS34_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MVUS34_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435066706961?urlappend=%3Bseq=112%3Bownerid=113395300-116"><i>Merchant Vessels of the United States 1933-1934</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce, Bureau of Navigation. 1934. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fosu.32435066706961?urlappend=%3Bseq=112%3Bownerid=113395300-116">2027/osu.32435066706961</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merchant+Vessels+of+the+United+States+1933-1934&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Department+of+Commerce%2C+Bureau+of+Navigation&rft.date=1934&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fosu.32435066706961%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D112%253Bownerid%3D113395300-116&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fosu.32435066706961%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D112%253Bownerid%3D113395300-116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DANFS-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DANFS_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaval_History_And_Heritage_Command2015" class="citation web cs1">Naval History And Heritage Command (29 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/l/leviathan-sp-1326.html">"Leviathan (SP-1326)"</a>. <i>Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships</i>. Naval History And Heritage Command<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+American+Naval+Fighting+Ships&rft.atitle=Leviathan+%28SP-1326%29&rft.date=2015-07-29&rft.au=Naval+History+And+Heritage+Command&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Fresearch%2Fhistories%2Fship-histories%2Fdanfs%2Fl%2Fleviathan-sp-1326.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ggarchives.com/OceanTravel/ImmigrantShips/Vaterland.html">"SS Vaterland Archival Collection"</a>. <i>ggarchives.com</i>. Gjenvick-Gjønvik Archives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ggarchives.com&rft.atitle=SS+Vaterland+Archival+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ggarchives.com%2FOceanTravel%2FImmigrantShips%2FVaterland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IME6-14-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IME6-14_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IME6-14_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IME6-14_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IME6-14_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-6dIAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA262">"The New Hamburg-American Liner <i>Vaterland</i>"</a>. <i>International Marine Engineering</i>. <b>19</b> (6). New York/London: Aldrich Publishing Company: 262–264. June 1914<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Marine+Engineering&rft.atitle=The+New+Hamburg-American+Liner+Vaterland&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=262-264&rft.date=1914-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-6dIAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m-NHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA438">"New Shipbuilding Berth and 250-Ton Wharf Crane at the Blohm & Voss Shipyard"</a>. <i>International Marine Engineering</i>. <b>18</b> (10). New York/London: Aldrich Publishing Company: 438–439. October 1913<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Marine+Engineering&rft.atitle=New+Shipbuilding+Berth+and+250-Ton+Wharf+Crane+at+the+Blohm+%26+Voss+Shipyard&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=438-439&rft.date=1913-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm-NHAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0m7mAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA247">"Launch of the Hamburg-American Liner <i>Vaterland</i>"</a>. <i>International Marine Engineering</i>. <b>18</b> (6). New York/London: Aldrich Publishing Company: 247. June 1913<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York, NY: Brooklyn Eagle Press. p. 50<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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January 1923<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SS+Leviathan+Orchestra&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1923-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Floc.getarchive.net%2Fmedia%2Fss-leviathan-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time5-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Time5_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,728159,00.html">"Storm"</a>. <i>TIME</i>. 15 December 1924<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Storm&rft.date=1924-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C728159%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaxtone-Graham1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Maxtone-Graham" title="John Maxtone-Graham">Maxtone-Graham, John</a> (1997). <i>The Only Way to Cross</i>. New York City: Barnes & Noble. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-76070-637-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-76070-637-4"><bdi>978-0-76070-637-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Only+Way+to+Cross&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-76070-637-4&rft.aulast=Maxtone-Graham&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Time2_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,751835,00.html">"Wet Leviathan"</a>. <i>TIME</i>. 22 April 1929. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101027190950/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,751835,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Washington, D.C.: United States Shipping Board. 1 December 1929. pp. 57, 59, 67, 88–89<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Washington, D.C.: United States Shipping Board. 1 December 1932. pp. 4–5, 76–77<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Sixteenth+Annual+Report+of+the+United+States+Shipping+Board&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=4-5%2C+76-77&rft.pub=United+States+Shipping+Board&rft.date=1932-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmc.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F04%2FAnnual_Report_1932.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time3-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Time3_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time3_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,747423,00.html">"Monster out of morgue"</a>. <i>TIME</i>. 21 May 1934. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101125045620/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,747423,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Twenty-Second+Annual+Report+of+the+Secretary+of+Commerce&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=XXX&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1933&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmc.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F04%2FANNUAL_REPORT_1934.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time4-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Time4_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,754423,00.html">"Monster back to morgue"</a>. <i>TIME</i>. 24 September 1934. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071104122204/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,754423,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Monster+back+to+morgue&rft.date=1934-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2F0%2C33009%2C754423%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddocks1978" class="citation book cs1">Maddocks, Melvin (1978). <i>The Great Liners (The Seafarers)</i>. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80942-664-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80942-664-5"><bdi>978-0-80942-664-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Liners+%28The+Seafarers%29&rft.place=Alexandria%2C+VA&rft.pub=Time-Life+Books&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-80942-664-5&rft.aulast=Maddocks&rft.aufirst=Melvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Vaterland_(1913)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt2009" class="citation book cs1">Holt, Brent I. (2009). <i>SS Leviathan: America's First Superliner</i>. Classic Liners series. Stroud, Gloucestershire: <a href="/wiki/The_History_Press" title="The History Press">The History Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780752447636" title="Special:BookSources/9780752447636"><bdi>9780752447636</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SS+Leviathan%3A+America%27s+First+Superliner&rft.place=Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire&rft.series=Classic+Liners+series&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780752447636&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Brent+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Vaterland_(1913)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leviathan_(ship,_1914)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Leviathan (ship, 1914)">Leviathan (ship, 1914)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlanticliners.com/vaterland_home.htm">"<i>Vaterland</i>/<i> Leviathan</i> Home"</a>. <i>Atlantic Liners</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlantic+Liners&rft.atitle=Vaterland%2F+Leviathan+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticliners.com%2Fvaterland_home.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010803011430/http://www.ocean-liners.com/ships/vat.asp">"<i>Vaterland</i> / <i>Leviathan</i> story with photos"</a>. <i>Monsters of the Sea: The Great Ocean Liners of Time</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocean-liners.com/ships/vat.asp">the original</a> on 3 August 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Monsters+of+the+Sea%3A+The+Great+Ocean+Liners+of+Time&rft.atitle=Vaterland+%2F+Leviathan+story+with+photos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocean-liners.com%2Fships%2Fvat.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/24300962@N02/4154155774/">"Photograph from the Caldwell Kvaran archives"</a>. <i>Flickr</i>. 2 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flickr&rft.atitle=Photograph+from+the+Caldwell+Kvaran+archives&rft.date=2009-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F24300962%40N02%2F4154155774%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navsource.org/archives/12/171326.htm">"Photo gallery"</a>. <i>NavSource Online</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NavSource+Online&rft.atitle=Photo+gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navsource.org%2Farchives%2F12%2F171326.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.getarchive.net/topics/leviathan">Library Of Congress Public Domain Archive Topic: Leviathan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object-groups/the-ocean-liner-leviathan"><i>Leviathan</i> at Smithsonian Institution</a> (Links to artifacts held)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NNoDAAAAMBAJ&q=%22this+model%22">"Model of Leviathan passes to Shipping Board"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mechanics" title="Popular Mechanics">Popular Mechanics</a></i>. Vol. 38, no. 4. October 1922. p. 591.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Model+of+Leviathan+passes+to+Shipping+Board&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=591&rft.date=1922-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNNoDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3D%2522this%2Bmodel%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Vaterland+%281913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ggarchives.com/OceanTravel/ImmigrantShips/Leviathan.html">"SS Leviathan - History, Accommodations, & Ephemera Collection"</a>. <i>GG Archives</i>.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_passenger_ships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest passenger ships"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Timeline_of_largest_passenger_ships" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_largest_passenger_ships" title="Timeline of largest passenger ships">Timeline of largest passenger ships</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Briefly held the title before the preceding ship reclaimed it†</li> <li>Shared record‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Royal_William" title="SS Royal William">SS <i>Royal William</i></a> (1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Great_Western" title="SS Great Western">SS <i>Great Western</i></a> (1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_British_Queen" title="SS British Queen">SS <i>British Queen</i></a> (1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_President" title="SS President">SS <i>President</i></a> (1840)†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Great_Britain" title="SS Great Britain">SS <i>Great Britain</i></a> (1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Atrato_(1853)" title="RMS Atrato (1853)">RMS <i>Atrato</i></a> (1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Adriatic_(1856)" title="SS Adriatic (1856)">SS <i>Adriatic</i></a> (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Great_Eastern" title="SS Great Eastern">SS <i>Great Eastern</i></a> (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_City_of_New_York_(1888)" title="SS City of New York (1888)">SS <i>City of New York</i></a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Campania" title="RMS Campania">RMS <i>Campania</i></a> (1893)‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Kaiser_Wilhelm_der_Grosse" title="SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse">SS <i>Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse</i></a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Oceanic_(1899)" title="RMS Oceanic (1899)">RMS <i>Oceanic</i></a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Celtic_(1901)" title="RMS Celtic (1901)">RMS <i>Celtic</i></a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Cedric" title="RMS Cedric">RMS <i>Cedric</i></a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Baltic_(1903)" title="RMS Baltic (1903)">RMS <i>Baltic</i></a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Empress_of_Scotland_(1905)" title="RMS Empress of Scotland (1905)">RMS <i>Empress of Scotland</i></a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Lusitania" title="RMS Lusitania">RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Mauretania_(1906)" title="RMS Mauretania (1906)">RMS <i>Mauretania</i></a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Olympic" title="RMS Olympic">RMS <i>Olympic</i></a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic" title="Titanic">RMS <i>Titanic</i></a> (1912)†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Imperator" title="SS Imperator">SS <i>Imperator</i></a> (1913)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SS <i>Vaterland</i></a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Majestic_(1914)" title="RMS Majestic (1914)">RMS <i>Majestic</i></a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Normandie" title="SS Normandie">SS <i>Normandie</i></a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Queen_Mary" title="RMS Queen Mary">RMS <i>Queen Mary</i></a> (1936)†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Queen_Elizabeth" title="RMS Queen Elizabeth">RMS <i>Queen Elizabeth</i></a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_France_(1960)" title="SS France (1960)">SS <i>France</i></a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Sovereign" title="MS Sovereign">MS <i>Sovereign of the Seas</i></a> (1987)†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_World" title="Pacific World">Sun Princess</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Sunshine" title="Carnival Sunshine">MS <i>Carnival Destiny</i></a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Princess" title="Grand Princess">MS <i>Grand Princess</i></a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_of_the_Seas" title="Voyager of the Seas">MS <i>Voyager of the Seas</i></a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_of_the_Seas" title="Explorer of the Seas">MS <i>Explorer of the Seas</i></a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navigator_of_the_Seas" title="Navigator of the Seas">MS <i>Navigator of the Seas</i></a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_2" title="Queen Mary 2">RMS <i>Queen Mary 2</i></a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Freedom_of_the_Seas" title="MS Freedom of the Seas">MS <i>Freedom of the Seas</i></a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_of_the_Seas" title="Liberty of the Seas"><i>Liberty of the Seas</i></a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis_of_the_Seas" title="Oasis of the Seas"><i>Oasis of the Seas</i></a> (2009)‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmony_of_the_Seas" title="Harmony of the Seas"><i>Harmony of the Seas</i></a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_of_the_Seas" title="Symphony of the Seas"><i>Symphony of the Seas</i></a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_of_the_Seas" title="Wonder of the Seas"><i>Wonder of the Seas</i></a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon_of_the_Seas" 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