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image</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: mosaic image"> <meta name="keywords" content="mosaic image"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="mosaic image"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2835</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: mosaic image</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2835</span> Abdominal Organ Segmentation in CT Images Based On Watershed Transform and Mosaic Image</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belgherbi%20Aicha">Belgherbi Aicha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadjidj%20Ismahen"> Hadjidj Ismahen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bessaid%20Abdelhafid"> Bessaid Abdelhafid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accurate Liver, spleen and kidneys segmentation in abdominal CT images is one of the most important steps for computer aided abdominal organs pathology diagnosis. In this paper, we have proposed a new semi-automatic algorithm for Liver, spleen and kidneys area extraction in abdominal CT images. Our proposed method is based on hierarchical segmentation and watershed algorithm. In our approach, a powerful technique has been designed to suppress over-segmentation based on mosaic image and on the computation of the watershed transform. The algorithm is currency in two parts. In the first, we seek to improve the quality of the gradient-mosaic image. In this step, we propose a method for improving the gradient-mosaic image by applying the anisotropic diffusion filter followed by the morphological filters. Thereafter we proceed to the hierarchical segmentation of the liver, spleen and kidney. To validate the segmentation technique proposed, we have tested it on several images. Our segmentation approach is evaluated by comparing our results with the manual segmentation performed by an expert. The experimental results are described in the last part of this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropic%20diffusion%20filter" title="anisotropic diffusion filter">anisotropic diffusion filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT%20images" title=" CT images"> CT images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphological%20filter" title=" morphological filter"> morphological filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mosaic%20image" title=" mosaic image"> mosaic image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-abdominal%20organ%20segmentation" title=" multi-abdominal organ segmentation"> multi-abdominal organ segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mosaic%20image" title=" mosaic image"> mosaic image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20watershed%20algorithm" title=" the watershed algorithm"> the watershed algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20011/abdominal-organ-segmentation-in-ct-images-based-on-watershed-transform-and-mosaic-image" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2834</span> Optimizing Protection of Medieval Glass Mosaic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Valach">J. Valach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Pospisil"> S. Pospisil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kuznecov"> S. Kuznecov </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with experimental estimation of future environmental load on medieval mosaic of Last Judgement on entrance to St. Vitus cathedral on Prague castle. The mosaic suffers from seasonal changes of weather pattern, as well as rains, their acidity, deposition of dust and sooth particles from polluted air and also from freeze-thaw cycles. These phenomena influence state of the mosaic. The mosaic elements, tesserae are mostly made from glass prone to weathering. To estimate future procedure of the best maintenance, relation between various weather scenarios and their effect on the mosaic was investigated. At the same time local method for evaluation of protective coating was developed. Together both methods will contribute to better care for the mosaic and also visitors aesthetical experience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20load" title="environmental load">environmental load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20heritage" title=" cultural heritage"> cultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20mosaic" title=" glass mosaic"> glass mosaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection" title=" protection"> protection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39758/optimizing-protection-of-medieval-glass-mosaic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2833</span> Computer-Aided Detection of Simultaneous Abdominal Organ CT Images by Iterative Watershed Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belgherbi%20Aicha">Belgherbi Aicha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadjidj%20Ismahen"> Hadjidj Ismahen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bessaid%20Abdelhafid"> Bessaid Abdelhafid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interpretation of medical images benefits from anatomical and physiological priors to optimize computer-aided diagnosis applications. Segmentation of liver, spleen and kidneys is regarded as a major primary step in the computer-aided diagnosis of abdominal organ diseases. In this paper, a semi-automated method for medical image data is presented for the abdominal organ segmentation data using mathematical morphology. Our proposed method is based on hierarchical segmentation and watershed algorithm. In our approach, a powerful technique has been designed to suppress over-segmentation based on mosaic image and on the computation of the watershed transform. Our algorithm is currency in two parts. In the first, we seek to improve the quality of the gradient-mosaic image. In this step, we propose a method for improving the gradient-mosaic image by applying the anisotropic diffusion filter followed by the morphological filters. Thereafter, we proceed to the hierarchical segmentation of the liver, spleen and kidney. To validate the segmentation technique proposed, we have tested it on several images. Our segmentation approach is evaluated by comparing our results with the manual segmentation performed by an expert. The experimental results are described in the last part of this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropic%20diffusion%20filter" title="anisotropic diffusion filter">anisotropic diffusion filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT%20images" title=" CT images"> CT images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphological%20filter" title=" morphological filter"> morphological filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mosaic%20image" title=" mosaic image"> mosaic image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simultaneous%20organ%20segmentation" title=" simultaneous organ segmentation"> simultaneous organ segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20watershed%20algorithm" title=" the watershed algorithm"> the watershed algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19602/computer-aided-detection-of-simultaneous-abdominal-organ-ct-images-by-iterative-watershed-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2832</span> Generation of Photo-Mosaic Images through Block Matching and Color Adjustment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hae-Yeoun%20Lee">Hae-Yeoun Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mosaic refers to a technique that makes image by gathering lots of small materials in various colours. This paper presents an automatic algorithm that makes the photomosaic image using photos. The algorithm is composed of four steps: Partition and feature extraction, block matching, redundancy removal and colour adjustment. The input image is partitioned in the small block to extract feature. Each block is matched to find similar photo in database by comparing similarity with Euclidean difference between blocks. The intensity of the block is adjusted to enhance the similarity of image by replacing the value of light and darkness with that of relevant block. Further, the quality of image is improved by minimizing the redundancy of tiles in the adjacent blocks. Experimental results support that the proposed algorithm is excellent in quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photomosaic" title="photomosaic">photomosaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Euclidean%20distance" title=" Euclidean distance"> Euclidean distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20matching" title=" block matching"> block matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensity%20adjustment" title=" intensity adjustment"> intensity adjustment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7022/generation-of-photo-mosaic-images-through-block-matching-and-color-adjustment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2831</span> Mosaic Augmentation: Insights and Limitations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivia%20A.%20Kjorlien">Olivia A. Kjorlien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Asghari"> Maryam Asghari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farshid%20Alizadeh-Shabdiz"> Farshid Alizadeh-Shabdiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this paper is to investigate the impact of mosaic augmentation on the performance of object detection solutions. To carry out the study, YOLOv4 and YOLOv4-Tiny models have been selected, which are popular, advanced object detection models. These models are also representatives of two classes of complex and simple models. The study also has been carried out on two categories of objects, simple and complex. For this study, YOLOv4 and YOLOv4 Tiny are trained with and without mosaic augmentation for two sets of objects. While mosaic augmentation improves the performance of simple object detection, it deteriorates the performance of complex object detection, specifically having the largest negative impact on the false positive rate in a complex object detection case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title="accuracy">accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=false%20positives" title=" false positives"> false positives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mosaic%20augmentation" title=" mosaic augmentation"> mosaic augmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object%20detection" title=" object detection"> object detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YOLOV4" title=" YOLOV4"> YOLOV4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YOLOV4-Tiny" title=" YOLOV4-Tiny"> YOLOV4-Tiny</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162634/mosaic-augmentation-insights-and-limitations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2830</span> Heuristic Spatial-Spectral Hyperspectral Image Segmentation Using Bands Quartile Box Plot Profiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Almoghalis">Mohamed A. Almoghalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osman%20M.%20Hegazy"> Osman M. Hegazy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20F.%20Imam"> Ibrahim F. Imam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20H.%20Elbastawessy"> Ali H. Elbastawessy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new hyperspectral image segmentation scheme with respect to both spatial and spectral contexts. The scheme uses the 8-pixels spatial pattern to build a weight structure that holds the number of outlier bands for each pixel among its neighborhood windows in different directions. The number of outlier bands for a pixel is obtained using bands quartile box plots profile among spatial 8-pixels pattern windows. The quartile box plot weight structure represents the spatial-spectral context in the image. Instead of starting segmentation process by single pixels, the proposed methodology starts by pixels groups that proved to share the same spectral features with respect to their spatial context. As a result, the segmentation scheme starts with Jigsaw pieces that build a mosaic image. The following step builds a model for each Jigsaw piece in the mosaic image. Each Jigsaw piece will be merged with another Jigsaw piece using KNN applied to their bands' quartile box plots profiles. The scheme iterates till required number of segments reached. Experiments use two data sets obtained from Earth Observer 1 (EO-1) sensor for Egypt and France. Initial results qualitative analysis showed encouraging results compared with ground truth. Quantitative analysis for the results will be included in the final paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperspectral%20image%20segmentation" title="hyperspectral image segmentation">hyperspectral image segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=box%20plot" title=" box plot"> box plot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25844/heuristic-spatial-spectral-hyperspectral-image-segmentation-using-bands-quartile-box-plot-profiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">605</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2829</span> Optimization of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite Crystals for Neutron Optics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Qu">Hao Qu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiang%20Liu"> Xiang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Crosby"> Michael Crosby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20Kozak"> Brian Kozak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20K.%20Freund"> Andreas K. Freund</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The outstanding performance of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as an optical element for neutron beam conditioning is unequaled by any other crystalline material in the applications of monochromator, analyzer, and filter. This superiority stems from the favorable nuclear properties of carbon (small absorption and incoherent scattering cross-sections, big coherent scattering length) and the specific crystalline structure (small thermal diffuse scattering cross-section, layered crystal structure). The real crystal defect structure revealed by imaging techniques is correlated with the parameters used in the mosaic model (mosaic spread, mosaic block size, uniformity). The diffraction properties (rocking curve width as determined by both the intrinsic mosaic spread and the diffraction process, peak and integrated reflectivity, filter transmission) as a function of neutron wavelength or energy can be predicted with high accuracy and reliability by diffraction theory using empirical primary extinction coefficients extracted from a great amount of existing experimental data. The results of these calculations are given as graphs and tables permitting to optimize HOPG characteristics (mosaic spread, thickness, curvature) for any given experimental situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20optics" title="neutron optics">neutron optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolytic%20graphite" title=" pyrolytic graphite"> pyrolytic graphite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mosaic%20spread" title=" mosaic spread"> mosaic spread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20scattering" title=" neutron scattering"> neutron scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monochromator" title=" monochromator"> monochromator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analyzer" title=" analyzer"> analyzer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131609/optimization-of-highly-oriented-pyrolytic-graphite-crystals-for-neutron-optics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2828</span> DNA Prime/MVTT Boost Enhances Broadly Protective Immune Response against Mosaic HIV-1 Gag </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Liu">Wan Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haibo%20Wang"> Haibo Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cathy%20Huang"> Cathy Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiwu%20Tan"> Zhiwu Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiwei%20Chen"> Zhiwei Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tremendous diversity of HIV-1 has been a major challenge for an effective AIDS vaccine development. Mosaic approach presents the potential for vaccine design aiming for global protection. The mosaic antigen of HIV-1 Gag allows antigenic breadth for vaccine-elicited immune response against a wider spectrum of viral strains. However, the enhancement of immune response using vaccines is dependent on the strategy used. Heterologous prime/boost regimen has been shown to elicit high levels of immune responses. Here, we investigated whether priming using plasmid DNA with electroporation followed by boosting with the live replication-competent modified vaccinia virus vector TianTan (MVTT) combined with the mosaic antigenic sequence could elicit a greater and broader antigen-specific response against HIV-1 Gag in mice. When compared to DNA or MVTT alone, or MVTT/MVTT group, DNA/MVTT group resulted in coincidentally high frequencies of broadly reactive, Gag-specific, polyfunctional, long-lived, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and increased anti-Gag antibody titer. Meanwhile, the vaccination could upregulate PD-1+, and Tim-3+ CD8+ T cell, myeloid-derived suppressive cells and Treg cells to balance the stronger immune response induced. Importantly, the prime/boost vaccination could help control the EcoHIV and mesothelioma AB1-gag challenge. The stronger protective Gag-specific immunity induced by a Mosaic DNA/MVTT vaccine corroborate the promise of the mosaic approach, and the potential of two acceptably safe vectors to enhance anti-HIV immunity and cancer prevention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%2FMVTT%20vaccine" title="DNA/MVTT vaccine">DNA/MVTT vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EcoHIV" title=" EcoHIV"> EcoHIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mosaic%20antigen" title=" mosaic antigen"> mosaic antigen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesothelioma%20AB1-gag" title=" mesothelioma AB1-gag"> mesothelioma AB1-gag</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56622/dna-primemvtt-boost-enhances-broadly-protective-immune-response-against-mosaic-hiv-1-gag" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2827</span> Virus Diseases of Edible Seed Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) in Aksaray Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serkan%20Yesil">Serkan Yesil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cucurbits (the Cucurbitaceae family) include 119 genera and 825 species distributed primarily in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The major cultivated cucurbit species such as melon (Cucumis melo L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum.&Nakai) are important vegetable crops worldwide. Squash is grown for fresh consuming, as well as its seeds are used as a snack in Turkey like some Mediterranean countries and Germany, Hungary, Austria and China. Virus diseases are one of the most destructive diseases on squash which is grown for seeds in Aksaray province. In this study, it was aimed to determine the virus infections in major squash growing areas in Aksaray province. Totally 153 plant samples with common virus symptoms like mosaic, curling, blistering, mottling, distortion, shoestring, stunting and vine decline were collected from squash plants during 2014. In this study, DAS-ELISA method is used for identifying the virus infections on the plant samples. According to the results of the DAS-ELISA 84.96 % of plant samples were infected with Zucchini yellow mosaic Potyvirus (ZYMV), Watermelon mosaic Potyvirus-2 (WMV-2), Cucumber mosaic Cucumovirus (CMV), Papaya ringspot Potyvirus-watermelon strain (PRSV-W) and Squash mosaic Comovirus (SqMV). ZYMV was predominant in the research area with the ratio of 66.01 %. WMV-2 was the second important virus disease in the survey area, it was detected on the samples at the ratio of 57.51 %. Also, mixed infections of those virus infections were detected commonly in squash. Especially, ZYMV+WMV-2 mixed infections were common. Cucumber green mottle mosaic Tobamovirus (CGMMV) was not present in the research area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aksaray" title="Aksaray">Aksaray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DAS-ELISA" title=" DAS-ELISA"> DAS-ELISA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edible%20seed%20squash" title=" edible seed squash"> edible seed squash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WMV-2" title=" WMV-2"> WMV-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZYMV" title=" ZYMV"> ZYMV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80138/virus-diseases-of-edible-seed-squash-cucurbita-pepo-l-in-aksaray-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2826</span> New Isolate of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infecting Banana </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelsabour%20G.%20A.%20Khaled">Abdelsabour G. A. Khaled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20W.%20A.%20Abdalla%20And%20Sabry%20Y.%20M.%20Mahmoud"> Ahmed W. A. Abdalla And Sabry Y. M. Mahmoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Banana plants showing typical mosaic and yellow stripes on leaves as symptoms were collected from Assiut Governorate in Egypt. The causal agent was identified as Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on the basis of symptoms, transmission, serology, transmission electron microscopy and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Coat protein (CP) gene was amplified using gene specific primers for coat protein (CP), followed by cloning into desired cloning vector for sequencing. In this study the CMV was transmitted into propagation host either by aphid or mechanically. The transmission was confirmed through Direct Antigen Coating Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (DAC-ELISA). Analysis of the 120 deduced amino acid sequence of the coat protein gene revealed that the EG-A strain of CMV shared from 97.50 to 98.33% with those strains belonging to subgroup IA. The cluster analysis grouped the Egyptian isolate with strains Fny and Ri8 belonging sub-group IA. It appears that there occurs a high incidence of CMV infecting banana belonging to IA subgroup in most parts of Egypt. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banana" title="banana">banana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMV" title=" CMV"> CMV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission" title=" transmission"> transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CP%20gene" title=" CP gene"> CP gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RT-PCR" title=" RT-PCR"> RT-PCR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40303/new-isolate-of-cucumber-mosaic-virus-infecting-banana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2825</span> Imidocloprid as a Systemic-Acquired Resistant (SAR) Inducer in Nicotiana tabacum Var. Samsun NN Infected with Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic Virus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Hossein%20Zadeh">Mohammad Reza Hossein Zadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plants have different layers of defense responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the well-defined defense mechanism in plants is systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against a broad-range of pathogens. Salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role in regulation of the SAR pathway. It has been proved that Chemically SA-like compounds can mimic the SA signaling role. Imidocloprid is an insecticide being used to control whiteflies on crop plants. In order to study the possible role of Imidocloprid as an elicitor of SAR in plants, experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design frame with three treatments and duplicates on the detached leaves and whole Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun NN. plants inoculated with Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV). Compared with the effect of other SAR-inducers such as SA, Imidoclorid conferred a robust SAR induction in the infected plants. The results suggested that Imidocloprid even more powerful than SA can be considered as strong SAR inducer in the infected plants with viruses, which develop the local lesion symptoms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imidocloprid" title="imidocloprid">imidocloprid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicotiana%20tabacum%20var.%20Samsun%20NN" title=" Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun NN"> Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun NN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAR" title=" SAR"> SAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tobacco%20mild%20green" title=" tobacco mild green"> tobacco mild green</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mosaic%20virus" title=" mosaic virus "> mosaic virus </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24961/imidocloprid-as-a-systemic-acquired-resistant-sar-inducer-in-nicotiana-tabacum-var-samsun-nn-infected-with-tobacco-mild-green-mosaic-virus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">587</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2824</span> Broad Protection against Avian Influenza Virus by Using a Modified Vaccinia Ankara Virus Expressing a Mosaic Hemagglutinin </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Attapon%20Kamlangdee">Attapon Kamlangdee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brock%20Kingstad-Bakke"> Brock Kingstad-Bakke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tavis%20K.%20Anderson"> Tavis K. Anderson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tony%20L.%20Goldberg"> Tony L. Goldberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20E.%20Osorio"> Jorge E. Osorio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A critical failure in our preparedness for an influenza pandemic is the lack of a universal vaccine. Influenza virus strains diverge by 1 to 2% per year, and commercially available vaccines often do not elicit protection from one year to the next, necessitating frequent formulation changes. This represents a major challenge to the development of a cross-protective vaccine that can protect against circulating viral antigenic diversity. We have constructed a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) that expresses an H5N1 mosaic hemagglutinin (H5M) (MVA-H5M). This mosaic was generated in silico using 2,145 field-sourced H5N1 isolates. A single dose of MVA-H5M provided 100% protection in mice against clade 0, 1, and 2 avian influenza viruses and also protected against seasonal H1N1 virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34). It also provided short-term (10 days) and long-term (6 months) protection post vaccination. Both neutralizing antibodies and antigen-specific CD4+and CD8+ T cells were still detected at 5 months post vaccination, suggesting that MVA-H5M provides long-lasting immunity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20vaccinia%20Ankara" title="modified vaccinia Ankara">modified vaccinia Ankara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MVA" title=" MVA"> MVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H5N1" title=" H5N1"> H5N1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemagglutinin" title=" hemagglutinin"> hemagglutinin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influenza%20vaccine" title=" influenza vaccine"> influenza vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35873/broad-protection-against-avian-influenza-virus-by-using-a-modified-vaccinia-ankara-virus-expressing-a-mosaic-hemagglutinin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2823</span> Synthesis of an Organic-Inorganic Salt of (C2H5NO2) 2H4SiW12O40 and Investigation of Its Anti-Viral Effect on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobeh%20Mohadeszadeh">Mahboobeh Mohadeszadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Saghi"> Majid Saghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyoxometalates (POMs) are important inorganic compounds that have been considered specifically in recent years due to abundant attributes and applications. Those POMs that have one central tetrahedral atom called keggin. The binding Amino-acid groups to keggin structure give the antivirus effect to these compounds. A new organic-inorganic hybrid structure, with formula (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 was synthesized. Investigation on Anti-viral effect of this compound showed the (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 prevents infection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) on the Nicotianatabacum plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polyoxometalate" title="Polyoxometalate">Polyoxometalate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keggin" title=" Keggin"> Keggin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Organic-inorganic%20salt" title=" Organic-inorganic salt"> Organic-inorganic salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TMV" title=" TMV"> TMV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21483/synthesis-of-an-organic-inorganic-salt-of-c2h5no2-2h4siw12o40-and-investigation-of-its-anti-viral-effect-on-the-tobacco-mosaic-virus-tmv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2822</span> Synthesis of an Organic- Inorganic Salt of (C2H5NO2)2H4SiW12O40 and Investigation of Its Anti-Viral Effect on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobeh%20Mohadeszadeh">Mahboobeh Mohadeszadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Saghi"> Majid Saghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyoxometalates (POMs) are important inorganic compounds that have been considered specifically in recent years due to abundant attributes and applications. Those POMs that have one central tetrahedral atom called keggin. The binding Amino-acid groups to keggin structure give the antivirus effect to these compounds. A new organic-inorganic hybrid structure, with formula (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 was synthesized. Investigation on Anti-viral effect of this compound showed the (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 prevents infection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) on the Nicotianatabacum plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyoxometalate" title="polyoxometalate">polyoxometalate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keggin" title=" keggin"> keggin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic-inorganic%20salt" title=" organic-inorganic salt"> organic-inorganic salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TMV" title=" TMV "> TMV </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21481/synthesis-of-an-organic-inorganic-salt-of-c2h5no22h4siw12o40-and-investigation-of-its-anti-viral-effect-on-the-tobacco-mosaic-virus-tmv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2821</span> Design and Implementation of Image Super-Resolution for Myocardial Image</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20V.%20Chidananda%20Murthy">M. V. Chidananda Murthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Kurian"> M. Z. Kurian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Guruprasad"> H. S. Guruprasad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Super-resolution is the technique of intelligently upscaling images, avoiding artifacts or blurring, and deals with the recovery of a high-resolution image from one or more low-resolution images. Single-image super-resolution is a process of obtaining a high-resolution image from a set of low-resolution observations by signal processing. While super-resolution has been demonstrated to improve image quality in scaled down images in the image domain, its effects on the Fourier-based technique remains unknown. Super-resolution substantially improved the spatial resolution of the patient LGE images by sharpening the edges of the heart and the scar. This paper aims at investigating the effects of single image super-resolution on Fourier-based and image based methods of scale-up. In this paper, first, generate a training phase of the low-resolution image and high-resolution image to obtain dictionary. In the test phase, first, generate a patch and then difference of high-resolution image and interpolation image from the low-resolution image. Next simulation of the image is obtained by applying convolution method to the dictionary creation image and patch extracted the image. Finally, super-resolution image is obtained by combining the fused image and difference of high-resolution and interpolated image. Super-resolution reduces image errors and improves the image quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20dictionary%20creation" title="image dictionary creation">image dictionary creation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20super-resolution" title=" image super-resolution"> image super-resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LGE%20images" title=" LGE images"> LGE images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patch%20extraction" title=" patch extraction"> patch extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59494/design-and-implementation-of-image-super-resolution-for-myocardial-image" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2820</span> Synthesis of an Organic-Inorganic Salt of 12-Silicotungstate, (C2H5NO2)2H4SiW12O40 and Investigation of Its Anti-Viral Effect on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobeh%20Mohadeszadeh">Mahboobeh Mohadeszadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Saghi"> Majid Saghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyoxometalates (POMs) are important inorganic compounds that have been considered specifically in recent years due to abundant attributes and applications. Those POMs that have one central tetrahedral atom called keggin. The binding Amino-acid groups to keggin structure give the antivirus effect to these compounds. A new organic-inorganic hybrid structure, with formula (Gly)2H4SiW12O40, was synthesized. Investigation on the anti-viral effect of this compound showed the (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 prevents infection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) on the Nicotianatabacum plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyoxometalate" title="polyoxometalate">polyoxometalate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keggin" title=" keggin"> keggin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic-inorganic%20salt" title=" organic-inorganic salt"> organic-inorganic salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TMV" title=" TMV"> TMV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21662/synthesis-of-an-organic-inorganic-salt-of-12-silicotungstate-c2h5no22h4siw12o40-and-investigation-of-its-anti-viral-effect-on-the-tobacco-mosaic-virus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2819</span> Estimation of Soil Nutrient Content Using Google Earth and Pleiades Satellite Imagery for Small Farms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucas%20Barbosa%20Da%20Silva">Lucas Barbosa Da Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Okamoto%20Jr."> Jun Okamoto Jr.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Precision Agriculture has long being benefited from crop fields’ aerial imagery. This important tool has allowed identifying patterns in crop fields, generating useful information to the production management. Reflectance intensity data in different ranges from the electromagnetic spectrum may indicate presence or absence of nutrients in the soil of an area. Different relations between the different light bands may generate even more detailed information. The knowledge of the nutrients content in the soil or in the crop during its growth is a valuable asset to the farmer that seeks to optimize its yield. However, small farmers in Brazil often lack the resources to access this kind information, and, even when they do, it is not presented in a comprehensive and/or objective way. So, the challenges of implementing this technology ranges from the sampling of the imagery, using aerial platforms, building of a mosaic with the images to cover the entire crop field, extracting the reflectance information from it and analyzing its relationship with the parameters of interest, to the display of the results in a manner that the farmer may take the necessary decisions more objectively. In this work, it’s proposed an analysis of soil nutrient contents based on image processing of satellite imagery and comparing its outtakes with commercial laboratory’s chemical analysis. Also, sources of satellite imagery are compared, to assess the feasibility of using Google Earth data in this application, and the impacts of doing so, versus the application of imagery from satellites like Landsat-8 and Pleiades. Furthermore, an algorithm for building mosaics is implemented using Google Earth imagery and finally, the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles is analyzed. From the data obtained, some soil parameters are estimated, namely, the content of Potassium, Phosphorus, Boron, Manganese, among others. The suitability of Google Earth Imagery for this application is verified within a reasonable margin, when compared to Pleiades Satellite imagery and to the current commercial model. It is also verified that the mosaic construction method has little or no influence on the estimation results. Variability maps are created over the covered area and the impacts of the image resolution and sample time frame are discussed, allowing easy assessments of the results. The final results show that easy and cheaper remote sensing and analysis methods are possible and feasible alternatives for the small farmer, with little access to technological and/or financial resources, to make more accurate decisions about soil nutrient management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title="remote sensing">remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precision%20agriculture" title=" precision agriculture"> precision agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mosaic" title=" mosaic"> mosaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20content" title=" nutrient content"> nutrient content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20imagery" title=" satellite imagery"> satellite imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerial%20imagery" title=" aerial imagery"> aerial imagery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86336/estimation-of-soil-nutrient-content-using-google-earth-and-pleiades-satellite-imagery-for-small-farms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2818</span> A Method of the Semantic on Image Auto-Annotation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Huo">Lin Huo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xianwei%20Liu"> Xianwei Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingxiong%20Zhou"> Jingxiong Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, due to the existence of semantic gap between image visual features and human concepts, the semantic of image auto-annotation has become an important topic. Firstly, by extract low-level visual features of the image, and the corresponding Hash method, mapping the feature into the corresponding Hash coding, eventually, transformed that into a group of binary string and store it, image auto-annotation by search is a popular method, we can use it to design and implement a method of image semantic auto-annotation. Finally, Through the test based on the Corel image set, and the results show that, this method is effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20auto-annotation" title="image auto-annotation">image auto-annotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20correlograms" title=" color correlograms"> color correlograms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hash%20code" title=" Hash code"> Hash code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20retrieval" title=" image retrieval"> image retrieval</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15628/a-method-of-the-semantic-on-image-auto-annotation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2817</span> Serological and Molecular Detection of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus in the Major Potato Growing Areas of Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Alhudaib">Khalid Alhudaib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potato is considered as one of the most important and potential vegetable crops in Saudi Arabia. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), genus Alfamovirus, family Bromoviridae is among the broad spread of viruses in potato. During spring and fall growing seasons of potato in 2015 and 2016, several field visits were conducted in the four major growing areas of potato cultivation (Riyadh-Qaseem-Hail-Hard). The presence of AMV was detected in samples using ELISA, dot blot hybridization and/or RT-PCR. The highest occurrence of AMV was observed as 18.6% in Qaseem followed by Riyadh with 15.2% while; the lowest infection rates were recorded in Hard and Hail, 8.3 and 10.4%, respectively. The sequences of seven isolates of AMV obtained in this study were determined and the sequences were aligned with the other sequences available in the GenBank database. Analyses confirmed the low variability among AMV isolated in this study, which means that all AMV isolates may originate from the same source. Due to high incidence of AMV, other economic susceptible crops may become affected by high incidence of this virus in potato crops. This requires accurate examination of potato seed tubers to prevent the spread of the virus in Saudi Arabia. The obtained results indicated that the hybridization and ELISA are suitable techniques in the routine detection of AMV in a large number of samples while RT-PCR is more sensitive and essential for molecular characterization of AMV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfamovirus" title="Alfamovirus">Alfamovirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMV" title=" AMV"> AMV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfalfa%20mosaic%20virus" title=" Alfalfa mosaic virus"> Alfalfa mosaic virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title=" PCR"> PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato" title=" potato"> potato</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95928/serological-and-molecular-detection-of-alfalfa-mosaic-virus-in-the-major-potato-growing-areas-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2816</span> Deployment of Matrix Transpose in Digital Image Encryption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okike%20Benjamin">Okike Benjamin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garba%20E%20J.%20D."> Garba E J. D.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Encryption is used to conceal information from prying eyes. Presently, information and data encryption are common due to the volume of data and information in transit across the globe on daily basis. Image encryption is yet to receive the attention of the researchers as deserved. In other words, video and multimedia documents are exposed to unauthorized accessors. The authors propose image encryption using matrix transpose. An algorithm that would allow image encryption is developed. In this proposed image encryption technique, the image to be encrypted is split into parts based on the image size. Each part is encrypted separately using matrix transpose. The actual encryption is on the picture elements (pixel) that make up the image. After encrypting each part of the image, the positions of the encrypted images are swapped before transmission of the image can take place. Swapping the positions of the images is carried out to make the encrypted image more robust for any cryptanalyst to decrypt. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20encryption" title="image encryption">image encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrices" title=" matrices"> matrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pixel" title=" pixel"> pixel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20transpose" title=" matrix transpose "> matrix transpose </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48717/deployment-of-matrix-transpose-in-digital-image-encryption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2815</span> Performance of Hybrid Image Fusion: Implementation of Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform Technique </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20Gupta">Manoj Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nirmendra%20Singh%20Bhadauria"> Nirmendra Singh Bhadauria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the applications in image processing require high spatial and high spectral resolution in a single image. For example satellite image system, the traffic monitoring system, and long range sensor fusion system all use image processing. However, most of the available equipment is not capable of providing this type of data. The sensor in the surveillance system can only cover the view of a small area for a particular focus, yet the demanding application of this system requires a view with a high coverage of the field. Image fusion provides the possibility of combining different sources of information. In this paper, we have decomposed the image using DTCWT and then fused using average and hybrid of (maxima and average) pixel level techniques and then compared quality of both the images using PSNR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20fusion" title="image fusion">image fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DWT" title=" DWT"> DWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DT-CWT" title=" DT-CWT"> DT-CWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSNR" title=" PSNR"> PSNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20image%20fusion" title=" average image fusion"> average image fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20image%20fusion" title=" hybrid image fusion"> hybrid image fusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19207/performance-of-hybrid-image-fusion-implementation-of-dual-tree-complex-wavelet-transform-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">606</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2814</span> Assessment of Image Databases Used for Human Skin Detection Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Alshehri">Saleh Alshehri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human skin detection is a vital step in many applications. Some of the applications are critical especially those related to security. This leverages the importance of a high-performance detection algorithm. To validate the accuracy of the algorithm, image databases are usually used. However, the suitability of these image databases is still questionable. It is suggested that the suitability can be measured mainly by the span the database covers of the color space. This research investigates the validity of three famous image databases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20databases" title="image databases">image databases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87836/assessment-of-image-databases-used-for-human-skin-detection-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2813</span> A Novel Combination Method for Computing the Importance Map of Image</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Absetan">Ahmad Absetan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Nooshyar"> Mahdi Nooshyar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The importance map is an image-based measure and is a core part of the resizing algorithm. Importance measures include image gradients, saliency and entropy, as well as high level cues such as face detectors, motion detectors and more. In this work we proposed a new method to calculate the importance map, the importance map is generated automatically using a novel combination of image edge density and Harel saliency measurement. Experiments of different type images demonstrate that our method effectively detects prominent areas can be used in image resizing applications to aware important areas while preserving image quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content-aware%20image%20resizing" title="content-aware image resizing">content-aware image resizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20saliency" title=" visual saliency"> visual saliency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20density" title=" edge density"> edge density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20warping" title=" image warping"> image warping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35692/a-novel-combination-method-for-computing-the-importance-map-of-image" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">582</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2812</span> Blind Data Hiding Technique Using Interpolation of Subsampled Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Singara%20Singh%20Kasana">Singara Singh Kasana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pankaj%20Garg"> Pankaj Garg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a blind data hiding technique based on interpolation of sub sampled versions of a cover image is proposed. Sub sampled image is taken as a reference image and an interpolated image is generated from this reference image. Then difference between original cover image and interpolated image is used to embed secret data. Comparisons with the existing interpolation based techniques show that proposed technique provides higher embedding capacity and better visual quality marked images. Moreover, the performance of the proposed technique is more stable for different images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpolation" title="interpolation">interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20subsampling" title=" image subsampling"> image subsampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSNR" title=" PSNR"> PSNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIM" title=" SIM"> SIM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18926/blind-data-hiding-technique-using-interpolation-of-subsampled-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">578</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2811</span> Self-Image of Police Officers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leo%20Carlo%20B.%20Rondina">Leo Carlo B. Rondina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Self-image is an important factor to improve the self-esteem of the personnel. The purpose of the study is to determine the self-image of the police. The respondents were the 503 policemen assigned in different Police Station in Davao City, and they were chosen with the used of random sampling. With the used of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), latent construct variables of police image were identified as follows; professionalism, obedience, morality and justice and fairness. Further, ordinal regression indicates statistical characteristics on ages 21-40 which means the age of the respondent statistically improves self-image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police%20image" title="police image">police image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploratory%20factor%20analysis" title=" exploratory factor analysis"> exploratory factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordinal%20regression" title=" ordinal regression"> ordinal regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galatea%20effect" title=" Galatea effect"> Galatea effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75550/self-image-of-police-officers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2810</span> Evaluating Classification with Efficacy Metrics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guofan%20Shao">Guofan Shao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Tang"> Lina Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Zhang"> Hao Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The values of image classification accuracy are affected by class size distributions and classification schemes, making it difficult to compare the performance of classification algorithms across different remote sensing data sources and classification systems. Based on the term efficacy from medicine and pharmacology, we have developed the metrics of image classification efficacy at the map and class levels. The novelty of this approach is that a baseline classification is involved in computing image classification efficacies so that the effects of class statistics are reduced. Furthermore, the image classification efficacies are interpretable and comparable, and thus, strengthen the assessment of image data classification methods. We use real-world and hypothetical examples to explain the use of image classification efficacies. The metrics of image classification efficacy meet the critical need to rectify the strategy for the assessment of image classification performance as image classification methods are becoming more diversified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy%20assessment" title="accuracy assessment">accuracy assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficacy" title=" efficacy"> efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20classification" title=" image classification"> image classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty" title=" uncertainty"> uncertainty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142555/evaluating-classification-with-efficacy-metrics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2809</span> Texture Analysis of Grayscale Co-Occurrence Matrix on Mammographic Indexed Image</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sushma">S. Sushma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Balasubramanian"> S. Balasubramanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20C.%20Latha"> K. C. Latha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mammographic image of breast cancer compressed and synthesized to get co-efficient values which will be converted (5x5) matrix to get ROI image where we get the highest value of effected region and with the same ideology the technique has been extended to differentiate between Calcification and normal cell image using mean value derived from 5x5 matrix values <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture%20analysis" title="texture analysis">texture analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mammographic%20image" title=" mammographic image"> mammographic image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partitioned%20gray%20scale%20co-oocurance%20matrix" title=" partitioned gray scale co-oocurance matrix"> partitioned gray scale co-oocurance matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-efficient" title=" co-efficient "> co-efficient </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17516/texture-analysis-of-grayscale-co-occurrence-matrix-on-mammographic-indexed-image" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2808</span> Size Reduction of Images Using Constraint Optimization Approach for Machine Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chee%20Sun%20Won">Chee Sun Won</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the size reduction of images for machine-to-machine communications. Here, the salient image regions to be preserved include the image patches of the key-points such as corners and blobs. Based on a saliency image map from the key-points and their image patches, an axis-aligned grid-size optimization is proposed for the reduction of image size. To increase the size-reduction efficiency the aspect ratio constraint is relaxed in the constraint optimization framework. The proposed method yields higher matching accuracy after the size reduction than the conventional content-aware image size-reduction methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20compression" title="image compression">image compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20matching" title=" image matching"> image matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key-point%20detection%20and%20description" title=" key-point detection and description"> key-point detection and description</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine-to-machine%20communication" title=" machine-to-machine communication"> machine-to-machine communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67605/size-reduction-of-images-using-constraint-optimization-approach-for-machine-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2807</span> A Review on Artificial Neural Networks in Image Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Afsharipoor">B. Afsharipoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Nazemi"> E. Nazemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are powerful tool for prediction which can be trained based on a set of examples and thus, it would be useful for nonlinear image processing. The present paper reviews several paper regarding applications of ANN in image processing to shed the light on advantage and disadvantage of ANNs in this field. Different steps in the image processing chain including pre-processing, enhancement, segmentation, object recognition, image understanding and optimization by using ANN are summarized. Furthermore, results on using multi artificial neural networks are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title="neural networks">neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title=" segmentation"> segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object%20recognition" title=" object recognition"> object recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20understanding" title=" image understanding"> image understanding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MANN" title=" MANN"> MANN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36843/a-review-on-artificial-neural-networks-in-image-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2806</span> Definition, Structure, and Core Functions of the State Image</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosa%20Nurtazina">Rosa Nurtazina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yerkebulan%20Zhumashov"> Yerkebulan Zhumashov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maral%20Tomanova"> Maral Tomanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Humanity is entering an era when 'virtual reality' as the image of the world created by the media with the help of the Internet does not match the reality in many respects, when new communication technologies create a fundamentally different and previously unknown 'global space'. According to these technologies, the state begins to change the basic technology of political communication of the state and society, the state and the state. Nowadays, image of the state becomes the most important tool and technology. Image is a purposefully created image granting political object (person, organization, country, etc.) certain social and political values and promoting more emotional perception. Political image of the state plays an important role in international relations. The success of the country's foreign policy, development of trade and economic relations with other countries depends on whether it is positive or negative. Foreign policy image has an impact on political processes taking place in the state: the negative image of the countries can be used by opposition forces as one of the arguments to criticize the government and its policies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20of%20the%20country" title="image of the country">image of the country</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=country%27s%20image%20classification" title=" country's image classification"> country's image classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=function%20of%20the%20country%20image" title=" function of the country image"> function of the country image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=country%27s%20image%20components" title=" country's image components"> country's image components</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5104/definition-structure-and-core-functions-of-the-state-image" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mosaic%20image&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mosaic%20image&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mosaic%20image&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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