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class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv">Verse<a href="/bsb/1_kings/21.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><a href="/niv/1_kings/21.htm">New International Version</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab&#8217s name, placed his seal on them, and sent them to the elders and nobles who lived in Naboth&#8217s city with him. <a href="/nlt/1_kings/21.htm">New Living Translation</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name, sealed them with his seal, and sent them to the elders and other leaders of the town where Naboth lived. <a href="/esv/1_kings/21.htm">English Standard Version</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name and sealed them with his seal, and she sent the letters to the elders and the leaders who lived with Naboth in his city. <a href="/bsb/1_kings/21.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> Then Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab’s name, sealed them with his seal, and sent them to the elders and nobles who lived with Naboth in his city. <a href="/kjv/1_kings/21.htm">King James Bible</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, dwelling with Naboth. <a href="/nkjv/1_kings/21.htm">New King James Version</a> And she wrote letters in Ahab’s name, sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters to the elders and the nobles who were dwelling in the city with Naboth. <a href="/nasb_/1_kings/21.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters to the elders and to the nobles who were living with Naboth in his city. <a href="/nasb/1_kings/21.htm">NASB 1995</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab&#8217s name and sealed them with his seal, and sent letters to the elders and to the nobles who were living with Naboth in his city. <a href="/nasb77/1_kings/21.htm">NASB 1977 </a> So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name and sealed them with his seal, and sent letters to the elders and to the nobles who were living with Naboth in his city. <a href="/lsb/1_kings/21.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name and sealed them with his seal, and sent letters to the elders and to the nobles who were living with Naboth in his city. <a href="/amp/1_kings/21.htm">Amplified Bible</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name and sealed them with his seal, and sent them to the elders and nobles who lived with Naboth in his city. <a href="/csb/1_kings/21.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name and sealed them with his seal. She sent the letters to the elders and nobles who lived with Naboth in his city. <a href="/hcsb/1_kings/21.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab&#8217s name and sealed them with his seal. She sent the letters to the elders and nobles who lived with Naboth in his city. <a href="/asv/1_kings/21.htm">American Standard Version</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, and that dwelt with Naboth. <a href="/erv/1_kings/21.htm">English Revised Version</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, and that dwelt with Naboth. <a href="/gwt/1_kings/21.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> So Jezebel wrote letters, signed them with Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal. She sent them to the respected leaders and nobles living in Naboth's city. <a href="/gnt/1_kings/21.htm">Good News Translation</a> Then she wrote some letters, signed Ahab's name to them, sealed them with his seal, and sent them to the officials and leading citizens of Jezreel. <a href="/isv/1_kings/21.htm">International Standard Version</a> So she wrote some memos in Ahab's name, set his personal seal to them, and sent them to the elders and nobles who lived with Naboth in his city. <a href="/msb/1_kings/21.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> Then Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab?s name, sealed them with his seal, and sent them to the elders and nobles who lived with Naboth in his city. <a href="/net/1_kings/21.htm">NET Bible</a> She wrote out orders, signed Ahab's name to them, and sealed them with his seal. She then sent the orders to the leaders and to the nobles who lived in Naboth's city. <a href="/nheb/1_kings/21.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters to the elders and to the nobles who were in his city, who lived with Naboth. <a href="/wbt/1_kings/21.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters to the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, dwelling with Naboth. <a href="/web/1_kings/21.htm">World English Bible</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters to the elders and to the nobles who were in his city, who lived with Naboth. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/1_kings/21.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> And she writes letters in the name of Ahab, and seals with his seal, and sends the letters to the elderly and to the nobles who are in his city, those dwelling with Naboth, <a href="/ylt/1_kings/21.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> And she writeth letters in the name of Ahab, and sealeth with his seal, and sendeth the letters unto the elders, and unto the freemen, who are in his city, those dwelling with Naboth, <a href="/slt/1_kings/21.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And she will write letters in the name of Ahab, and seal with his seal; and she will send the letters to the old men, and to the nobles who were in his city dwelling with Naboth.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/1_kings/21.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> So she wrote letter's in Achab's name, and sealed them with his ring, and sent them to the ancients, and the chief men that were in his city, and that dwelt with Naboth. <a href="/cpdv/1_kings/21.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> And so, she wrote letters in the name of Ahab, and she sealed these with his ring. And she sent to those greater by birth, and to the nobles who were in his city and living with Naboth. <a href="/nabre/1_kings/21.htm">New American Bible</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name and, having sealed them with his seal, sent them to the elders and to the nobles who lived in the same city with Naboth. <a href="/nrsvce/1_kings/21.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name and sealed them with his seal; she sent the letters to the elders and the nobles who lived with Naboth in his city.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/1_kings/21.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> So she wrote a letter in Ahab's name and sealed it with his ring, and sent the letter to the elders and to the nobles who dwelt in the city with Naboth. <a href="/hpbt/1_kings/21.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> And she wrote a letter in the name of Akhab and she sealed it with his ring, and she sent the letter to the Elders and to the Nobles who dwelt in the city with Nabuth.<div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/1_kings/21.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, and that dwelt with Naboth. <a href="/sep/1_kings/21.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> And she wrote a letter in the name of Achaab, and sealed it with his seal, and sent the letter to the elders, and to the freemen who dwelt with Nabuthai. <a href="/parallel/1_kings/21-8.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Xx9A0AxPaoQ?start=8429" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/1_kings/21.htm">Jezebel's Plot</a> 8<a href="/hebrew/3789.htm" title="3789: wat·tiḵ·tōḇ (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs) -- To write. A primitive root; to grave, by implication, to write.">Then Jezebel wrote</a> <a href="/hebrew/5612.htm" title="5612: sə·p̄ā·rîm (N-mp) -- A missive, document, writing, book. Or ciphrah; from caphar; properly, writing; by implication, a book.">letters</a> <a href="/hebrew/256.htm" title="256: ’aḥ·’āḇ (N-proper-ms) -- Once oechab; from 'ach and 'ab; brother of father; Achab, the name of a king of Israel and of a prophet at Babylon.">in Ahab’s</a> <a href="/hebrew/8034.htm" title="8034: bə·šêm (Prep-b:: N-msc) -- A primitive word; an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character.">name,</a> <a href="/hebrew/2368.htm" title="2368: bə·ḥō·ṯā·mōw (Prep-b:: N-msc:: 3ms) -- A seal, signet ring. Or chotham; from chatham; a signature-ring.">sealed them</a> <a href="/hebrew/2856.htm" title="2856: wat·taḥ·tōm (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs) -- To seal, affix a seal, seal up. A primitive root; to close up; especially to seal.">with his seal,</a> <a href="/hebrew/7971.htm" title="7971: wat·tiš·laḥ (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs) -- To send. A primitive root; to send away, for, or out.">and sent</a> <a href="/hebrew/5612.htm" title="5612: has·p̄å̄·rīm (N-mp) -- A missive, document, writing, book. Or ciphrah; from caphar; properly, writing; by implication, a book.">them</a> <a href="/hebrew/413.htm" title="413: ’el- (Prep) -- To, into, towards. ">to</a> <a href="/hebrew/2205.htm" title="2205: haz·qē·nīm (Art:: Adj-mp) -- Old. From zaqen; old.">the elders</a> <a href="/hebrew/413.htm" title="413: wə·’el- (Conj-w:: Prep) -- To, into, towards. "></a> <a href="/hebrew/2715.htm" title="2715: ha·ḥō·rîm (Art:: N-mp) -- A noble. Or chowr; from charar; properly, white or pure (compare choriy); hence (figuratively) noble (in rank).">and nobles</a> <a href="/hebrew/834.htm" title="834: ’ă·šer (Pro-r) -- Who, which, that. A primitive relative pronoun; who, which, what, that; also when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.">who</a> <a href="/hebrew/3427.htm" title="3427: hay·yō·šə·ḇîm (Art:: V-Qal-Prtcpl-mp) -- A primitive root; properly, to sit down; by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry.">lived</a> <a href="/hebrew/854.htm" title="854: ’eṯ- (Prep) -- With (denoting proximity). Probably from 'anah; properly, nearness, near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc.">with</a> <a href="/hebrew/5022.htm" title="5022: nā·ḇō·wṯ (N-proper-ms) -- A Jezreelite. Feminine plural from the same as Nob; fruits; Naboth, an Israelite.">Naboth</a> <a href="/hebrew/5892.htm" title="5892: bə·‘î·rōw (Prep-b:: N-fsc:: 3ms) -- Excitement. Or par; or ayar; from uwr a city in the widest sense.">in his city.</a> 9In the letters she wrote: “Proclaim a fast and give Naboth a seat of honor among the people.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/esther/3-12.htm">Esther 3:12-13</a> On the thirteenth day of the first month, the royal scribes were summoned and the order was written exactly as Haman commanded the royal satraps, the governors of each province, and the officials of each people, in the script of each province and the language of every people. It was written in the name of King Xerxes and sealed with the royal signet ring. / And the letters were sent by couriers to each of the royal provinces with the order to destroy, kill, and annihilate all the Jews—young and old, women and children—and to plunder their possessions on a single day, the thirteenth day of Adar, the twelfth month. <a href="/2_samuel/11-14.htm">2 Samuel 11:14-15</a> The next morning David wrote a letter to Joab and sent it with Uriah. / In the letter he wrote: “Put Uriah at the front of the fiercest battle; then withdraw from him, so that he may be struck down and killed.” <a href="/2_kings/10-1.htm">2 Kings 10:1-7</a> Now Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. So Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Samaria to the officials of Jezreel, to the elders, and to the guardians of the sons of Ahab, saying: / “When this letter arrives, since your master’s sons are with you and you have chariots and horses, a fortified city and weaponry, / select the best and most worthy son of your master, set him on his father’s throne, and fight for your master’s house.” ... <a href="/jeremiah/36-10.htm">Jeremiah 36:10-12</a> From the chamber of Gemariah son of Shaphan the scribe, which was in the upper courtyard at the opening of the New Gate of the house of the LORD, Baruch read from the scroll the words of Jeremiah in the hearing of all the people. / When Micaiah son of Gemariah, the son of Shaphan, heard all the words of the LORD from the scroll, / he went down to the scribe’s chamber in the king’s palace, where all the officials were sitting: Elishama the scribe, Delaiah son of Shemaiah, Elnathan son of Achbor, Gemariah son of Shaphan, Zedekiah son of Hananiah, and all the other officials. <a href="/nehemiah/6-5.htm">Nehemiah 6:5-7</a> The fifth time, Sanballat sent me this same message by his young servant, who had in his hand an unsealed letter / that read: “It is reported among the nations—and Geshem agrees—that you and the Jews are plotting to revolt, and this is why you are building the wall. According to these reports, you are to become their king, / and you have even appointed prophets in Jerusalem to proclaim on your behalf: ‘There is a king in Judah.’ Soon these rumors will reach the ears of the king. So come, let us confer together.” <a href="/daniel/6-8.htm">Daniel 6:8-9</a> Therefore, O king, establish the decree and sign the document so that it cannot be changed—in accordance with the law of the Medes and Persians, which cannot be repealed.” / Therefore King Darius signed the written decree. <a href="/matthew/26-59.htm">Matthew 26:59-61</a> Now the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking false testimony against Jesus in order to put Him to death. / But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward. Finally two came forward / and declared, “This man said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days.’” <a href="/acts/6-11.htm">Acts 6:11-13</a> Then they prompted some men to say, “We heard Stephen speak words of blasphemy against Moses and against God.” / So they stirred up the people, elders, and scribes and confronted Stephen. They seized him and brought him before the Sanhedrin, / where they presented false witnesses who said, “This man never stops speaking against this holy place and against the law. <a href="/mark/14-55.htm">Mark 14:55-59</a> Now the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking testimony against Jesus to put Him to death, but they did not find any. / For many bore false witness against Jesus, but their testimony was inconsistent. / Then some men stood up and testified falsely against Him: ... <a href="/john/19-12.htm">John 19:12-16</a> From then on, Pilate tried to release Him, but the Jews kept shouting, “If you release this man, you are no friend of Caesar. Anyone who declares himself a king is defying Caesar.” / When Pilate heard these words, he brought Jesus out and sat on the judgment seat at a place called the Stone Pavement, which in Hebrew is Gabbatha. / It was the day of Preparation for the Passover, about the sixth hour. And Pilate said to the Jews, “Here is your King!” ... <a href="/luke/23-2.htm">Luke 23:2-5</a> And they began to accuse Him, saying, “We found this man subverting our nation, forbidding payment of taxes to Caesar, and proclaiming Himself to be Christ, a King.” / So Pilate asked Him, “Are You the King of the Jews?” “You have said so,” Jesus replied. / Then Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds, “I find no basis for a charge against this man.” ... <a href="/acts/24-1.htm">Acts 24:1-9</a> Five days later the high priest Ananias came down with some elders and a lawyer named Tertullus, who presented to the governor their case against Paul. / When Paul had been called in, Tertullus opened the prosecution: “Because of you, we have enjoyed a lasting peace, and your foresight has brought improvements to this nation. / In every way and everywhere, most excellent Felix, we acknowledge this with all gratitude. ... <a href="/2_samuel/15-10.htm">2 Samuel 15:10-12</a> Then Absalom sent spies throughout the tribes of Israel with this message: “When you hear the sound of the horn, you are to say, ‘Absalom reigns in Hebron!’” / Two hundred men from Jerusalem accompanied Absalom. They had been invited as guests and they went along innocently, for they knew nothing about the matter. / While Absalom was offering the sacrifices, he sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David’s counselor, to come from his hometown of Giloh. So the conspiracy gained strength, and Absalom’s following kept increasing. <a href="/2_chronicles/18-21.htm">2 Chronicles 18:21-22</a> And he replied, ‘I will go out and be a lying spirit in the mouths of all his prophets.’ ‘You will surely entice him and prevail,’ said the LORD. ‘Go and do it.’ / So you see, the LORD has put a lying spirit in the mouths of these prophets of yours, and the LORD has pronounced disaster against you.” <a href="/psalms/64-5.htm">Psalm 64:5-6</a> They hold fast to their evil purpose; they speak of hiding their snares. “Who will see them?” they say. / They devise injustice and say, “We have perfected a secret plan.” For the inner man and the heart are mysterious.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters to the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, dwelling with Naboth.she wrote<a href="/2_samuel/11-14.htm">2 Samuel 11:14,15</a> And it came to pass in the morning, that David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah… <a href="/2_chronicles/32-17.htm">2 Chronicles 32:17</a> He wrote also letters to rail on the LORD God of Israel, and to speak against him, saying, As the gods of the nations of other lands have not delivered their people out of mine hand, so shall not the God of Hezekiah deliver his people out of mine hand.<a href="/ezra/4-7.htm">Ezra 4:7,8,11</a> And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter was written in the Syrian tongue, and interpreted in the Syrian tongue… the elders<a href="/numbers/11-16.htm">Numbers 11:16</a> And the LORD said unto Moses, Gather unto me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom thou knowest to be the elders of the people, and officers over them; and bring them unto the tabernacle of the congregation, that they may stand there with thee.<a href="/deuteronomy/16-18.htm">Deuteronomy 16:18,19</a> Judges and officers shalt thou make thee in all thy gates, which the LORD thy God giveth thee, throughout thy tribes: and they shall judge the people with just judgment… <a href="/deuteronomy/21-1.htm">Deuteronomy 21:1-9</a> If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not known who hath slain him: … the nobles<a href="/1_kings/21-1.htm">1 Kings 21:1</a> And it came to pass after these things, that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard, which was in Jezreel, hard by the palace of Ahab king of Samaria.<a href="/2_kings/10-1.htm">2 Kings 10:1-7,11</a> And Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. And Jehu wrote letters, and sent to Samaria, unto the rulers of Jezreel, to the elders, and to them that brought up Ahab's children, saying, … <div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/1_kings/21-4.htm">Ahab</a> <a href="/1_kings/18-17.htm">Ahab's</a> <a href="/1_kings/5-16.htm">Authority</a> <a href="/1_kings/20-19.htm">Chiefs</a> <a href="/1_kings/20-30.htm">City</a> <a href="/1_kings/13-25.htm">Dwelling</a> <a href="/1_kings/17-9.htm">Dwelt</a> <a href="/1_kings/20-8.htm">Elders</a> <a href="/judges/5-2.htm">Freemen</a> <a href="/exodus/6-3.htm">Letters</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-7.htm">Naboth</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-18.htm">Naboth's</a> <a href="/2_samuel/10-3.htm">Nobles</a> <a href="/1_kings/12-32.htm">Placed</a> <a href="/1_kings/20-40.htm">Responsible</a> <a href="/exodus/39-30.htm">Seal</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/32-34.htm">Sealed</a> <a href="/job/37-7.htm">Sealeth</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-43.htm">Stamp</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-43.htm">Stamped</a> <a href="/2_samuel/11-15.htm">Writeth</a> <a href="/2_samuel/11-15.htm">Wrote</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/1_kings/21-15.htm">Ahab</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-16.htm">Ahab's</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-11.htm">Authority</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-11.htm">Chiefs</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-11.htm">City</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-11.htm">Dwelling</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-11.htm">Dwelt</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-11.htm">Elders</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-11.htm">Freemen</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-9.htm">Letters</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-9.htm">Naboth</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-11.htm">Naboth's</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-11.htm">Nobles</a> <a href="/2_kings/9-13.htm">Placed</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-11.htm">Responsible</a> <a href="/nehemiah/9-38.htm">Seal</a> <a href="/nehemiah/9-38.htm">Sealed</a> <a href="/job/9-7.htm">Sealeth</a> <a href="/job/38-14.htm">Stamp</a> <a href="/2_kings/23-6.htm">Stamped</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-9.htm">Writeth</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-9.htm">Wrote</a><div class="vheading2">1 Kings 21</div>1. <a href="/1_kings/21-1.htm">Ahab being denied Naboth's vineyard, is grieved</a> 5. <a href="/1_kings/21-5.htm">Jezebel writing letters against Naboth, he is condemned of blasphemy</a> 15. <a href="/1_kings/21-15.htm">Ahab take possession of the vineyard</a> 17. <a href="/1_kings/21-17.htm">Elijah denounces judgments against Ahab and Jezebel</a> 25. <a href="/1_kings/21-25.htm">Wicked Ahab repenting, God defers the judgment</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/1_kings/21.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/1_kings/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/1_kings/21.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>Then Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab’s name Jezebel, the wife of King Ahab, takes initiative in this narrative, demonstrating her influence and control over her husband. Writing letters in Ahab's name indicates a usurpation of royal authority, reflecting the corrupt nature of her character. This act of deception is reminiscent of other biblical instances where individuals misuse authority for personal gain, such as the deceit of Jacob in <a href="/genesis/27.htm">Genesis 27</a>. Jezebel's actions foreshadow the eventual downfall of Ahab's dynasty, as prophesied by Elijah in <a href="/1_kings/21-21.htm">1 Kings 21:21-24</a>.sealed them with his seal The use of Ahab's seal signifies the authenticity and authority of the letters, as seals were used in the ancient Near East to validate documents. This practice is seen throughout the Bible, such as in <a href="/esther/8-8.htm">Esther 8:8</a>, where the king's seal is used to confirm decrees. The seal represents the king's power, and Jezebel's misuse of it highlights the moral decay within the Israelite monarchy. This act of sealing also prefigures the sealing of believers by the Holy Spirit, as mentioned in <a href="/ephesians/1-13.htm">Ephesians 1:13</a>, contrasting divine authority with human corruption.and sent them to the elders and nobles The elders and nobles were local leaders responsible for maintaining justice and order within their communities. By sending the letters to these figures, Jezebel exploits the societal structure to achieve her ends. This manipulation of justice is condemned throughout Scripture, as seen in <a href="/isaiah/5-23.htm">Isaiah 5:23</a>, where leaders are criticized for acquitting the guilty for a bribe. The involvement of the elders and nobles in Jezebel's scheme underscores the pervasive corruption in Israel, setting the stage for divine judgment.who lived with Naboth in his city Naboth's city is identified as Jezreel, a significant location in Israel's history. Jezreel was a royal city and the site of many pivotal events, including the future downfall of Jezebel herself (<a href="/2_kings/9-30.htm">2 Kings 9:30-37</a>). The mention of Naboth's city emphasizes the personal nature of Jezebel's plot, as it directly impacts Naboth's community and heritage. This local context highlights the violation of God's law regarding land inheritance, as outlined in <a href="/leviticus/25-23.htm">Leviticus 25:23-28</a>, where land was to remain within the family. Naboth's refusal to sell his vineyard is an act of obedience to God's command, contrasting with Jezebel's blatant disregard for divine law.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/j/jezebel.htm">Jezebel</a> The wife of King Ahab, known for her idolatry and manipulation. She orchestrates the plot against Naboth. 2. <a href="/topical/a/ahab.htm">Ahab</a> The King of Israel, who desires Naboth's vineyard and allows Jezebel to act on his behalf. 3. <a href="/topical/n/naboth.htm">Naboth</a> The owner of the vineyard that Ahab covets. His refusal to sell his inheritance leads to his unjust death. 4. <a href="/topical/e/elders_and_nobles.htm">Elders and Nobles</a> The leaders in Naboth’s city who are complicit in Jezebel’s scheme by following her orders. 5. <a href="/topical/n/naboth's_city.htm">Naboth’s City</a> The location where the events unfold, highlighting the local governance and societal structure.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/t/the_danger_of_misusing_authority.htm">The Danger of Misusing Authority</a> Jezebel’s actions demonstrate how authority can be misused for personal gain and injustice. Believers are called to use their influence to uphold righteousness and justice. <a href="/topical/t/the_consequences_of_complicity.htm">The Consequences of Complicity</a> The elders and nobles’ compliance with Jezebel’s orders shows the danger of complicity in sin. Christians must stand firm in their convictions, even when pressured by authority. <a href="/topical/t/the_value_of_integrity.htm">The Value of Integrity</a> Naboth’s refusal to sell his vineyard reflects integrity and faithfulness to God’s laws regarding inheritance. Believers should hold fast to their values, even when faced with pressure. <a href="/topical/t/the_role_of_deception_in_sin.htm">The Role of Deception in Sin</a> Jezebel’s use of deception to achieve her goals highlights the destructive power of lies. Christians are called to be people of truth, reflecting God’s character. <a href="/topical/g/god's_justice_prevails.htm">God’s Justice Prevails</a> Although Naboth suffers unjustly, the broader account of Scripture assures us that God’s justice will ultimately prevail. Believers can trust in God’s righteous judgment.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_1_kings_21.htm">Top 10 Lessons from 1 Kings 21</a> <a href="/q/why_accept_jezebel's_false_witness_orders.htm">Why would local elders and nobles so easily accept Jezebel’s instructions to bear false witness, considering the legal necessities outlined in 1 Kings 21:8–13? </a> <a href="/q/what_does_archaeology_reveal_about_the_bible.htm">What does archaeological evidence reveal about the Bible?</a> <a href="/q/how_might_'two_witnesses'_fail_in_deut._17_6.htm">Under Deuteronomy 17:6, how could the requirement of “two or three witnesses” fail to prevent false accusations or collusion? </a> <a href="/q/what_defines_the_jezebel_spirit.htm">What defines the Jezebel spirit?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/1_kings/21.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(8) Sealed them with his seal--with the name, or token, of the king, engraved on stone, and impressed (see <a href="/job/38-14.htm" title="It is turned as clay to the seal; and they stand as a garment.">Job 38:14</a>) on a lump of clay attached to the letter. The sealing (as the modern sense of "signature" implies) was the pledge of authenticity and authority. (See <a href="/genesis/38-18.htm" title="And he said, What pledge shall I give you? And she said, Your signet, and your bracelets, and your staff that is in your hand. And he gave it her, and came in to her, and she conceived by him.">Genesis 38:18</a>; <a href="/nehemiah/9-38.htm" title="And because of all this we make a sure covenant, and write it; and our princes, Levites, and priests, seal to it.">Nehemiah 9:38</a>; <a href="/nehemiah/10-1.htm" title="Now those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,">Nehemiah 10:1</a>; <a href="/esther/3-10.htm" title="And the king took his ring from his hand, and gave it to Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the Jews' enemy.">Esther 3:10</a>; <a href="/esther/3-12.htm" title="Then were the king's scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according to all that Haman had commanded to the king's lieutenants, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the rulers of every people of every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the king's ring.">Esther 3:12</a>, <a href="/daniel/6-17.htm" title="And a stone was brought, and laid on the mouth of the den; and the king sealed it with his own signet, and with the signet of his lords; that the purpose might not be changed concerning Daniel.">Daniel 6:17</a>, &c.) The use of the seal--ordinarily worn or carried on the person--implies Ahab's knowledge that something is being done in his name, into which he takes care not to inquire. . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/1_kings/21.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 8. - So she wrote letters [Heb. writings] in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal [The use of the seal, for the purpose of authentication, is of great antiquity. Some of the Egyptian signets are more than 4,000 years old. Their use in the age of the patriarchs is attested by <a href="/genesis/38-15.htm">Genesis 38:15</a> and Genesis 41:42; their importance is proved by the text, by <a href="/esther/3-10.htm">Esther 3:10</a>; <a href="/esther/8-2.htm">Esther 8:2, 8, 10</a> (cf. "Herod," 3:128); <a href="/daniel/6-17.htm">Daniel 6:17</a>; <a href="/jeremiah/32-10.htm">Jeremiah 32:10</a>, 54; <a href="/haggai/2-23.htm">Haggai 2:23</a>, etc. Whether this seal - which does not necessarily prove that those who used it could not write - was impressed upon the writings themselves according to the modern practice of the East, or upon a piece of clay (<a href="/job/38-14.htm">Job 38:14</a>), which was then attached to the letter by strings, we have no means of knowing. The use of Ahab's seal affords a strong presumption that he was privy to her designs (Bahr), but of this we cannot be absolutely certain], and sent the letters unto the elders [see <a href="/deuteronomy/16-18.htm">Deuteronomy 16:18</a>] and to the nobles [same word <a href="/nehemiah/2-16.htm">Nehemiah 2:16</a>; <a href="/nehemiah/4-13.htm">Nehemiah 4:13</a>; <a href="/ecclesiastes/10-17.htm">Ecclesiastes 10:17</a>] that were in his city, dwelling [or inhabitants, as in ver. 11] with Naboth. <a href="/commentaries/1_kings/21-8.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>Then [Jezebel] wrote וַתִּכְתֹּ֤ב (wat·tiḵ·tōḇ) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3789.htm">Strong's 3789: </a> To grave, to write letters סְפָרִים֙ (sə·p̄ā·rîm) Noun - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5612.htm">Strong's 5612: </a> A missive, document, writing, book in Ahab’s אַחְאָ֔ב (’aḥ·’āḇ) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_256.htm">Strong's 256: </a> Ahab -- 'father's brother', a king of Israel, also a false prophet name, בְּשֵׁ֣ם (bə·šêm) Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8034.htm">Strong's 8034: </a> A name sealed them בְּחֹתָמ֑וֹ (bə·ḥō·ṯā·mōw) Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2856.htm">Strong's 2856: </a> To seal, affix a seal, seal up with his seal, וַתַּחְתֹּ֖ם (wat·taḥ·tōm) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2368.htm">Strong's 2368: </a> A seal, signet ring and sent וַתִּשְׁלַ֣ח (wat·tiš·laḥ) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7971.htm">Strong's 7971: </a> To send away, for, out [them] סְפָרִ֗ים (sə·p̄ā·rîm) Noun - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5612.htm">Strong's 5612: </a> A missive, document, writing, book to אֶל־ (’el-) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_413.htm">Strong's 413: </a> Near, with, among, to the elders הַזְקֵנִ֤ים‪‬ (haz·qê·nîm) Article | Adjective - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2205.htm">Strong's 2205: </a> Old and nobles הַֽחֹרִים֙ (ha·ḥō·rîm) Article | Noun - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2715.htm">Strong's 2715: </a> White, pure, noble who אֲשֶׁ֣ר (’ă·šer) Pronoun - relative <a href="/hebrew/strongs_834.htm">Strong's 834: </a> Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that lived הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים (hay·yō·šə·ḇîm) Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3427.htm">Strong's 3427: </a> To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry with אֶת־ (’eṯ-) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_854.htm">Strong's 854: </a> Nearness, near, with, by, at, among Naboth נָבֽוֹת׃ (nā·ḇō·wṯ) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5022.htm">Strong's 5022: </a> Naboth -- a Jezreelite in his city. בְּעִיר֔וֹ (bə·‘î·rōw) Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5892.htm">Strong's 5892: </a> Excitement <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/1_kings/21-8.htm">1 Kings 21:8 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/1_kings/21-8.htm">1 Kings 21:8 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/1_kings/21-8.htm">1 Kings 21:8 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/1_kings/21-8.htm">1 Kings 21:8 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/1_kings/21-8.htm">1 Kings 21:8 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/1_kings/21-8.htm">1 Kings 21:8 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/1_kings/21-8.htm">1 Kings 21:8 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/1_kings/21-8.htm">1 Kings 21:8 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/1_kings/21-8.htm">1 Kings 21:8 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/1_kings/21-8.htm">1 Kings 21:8 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-8.htm">OT History: 1 Kings 21:8 So she wrote letters in Ahab's name (1Ki iKi i Ki 1 Kg 1kg) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/1_kings/21-7.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="1 Kings 21:7"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="1 Kings 21:7" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/1_kings/21-9.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="1 Kings 21:9"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="1 Kings 21:9" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>