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GitHub - astral-sh/ruff: An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust.
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0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"security","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"security_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/security"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 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1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75Zm-2 12c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h17.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v4a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM5.25 3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h13.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm-2 12a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v4c0 .138.112.25.25.25h17.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M10 17.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Codespaces</div> Instant dev environments </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"issues","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"issues_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/issues"> <svg aria-hidden="true" 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6.74a.75.75 0 0 1-.04 1.06l-2.908 2.7 2.908 2.7a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02 1.1l-3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.1l3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06.04Zm3.44 1.06a.75.75 0 1 1 1.02-1.1l3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.1l-3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02-1.1l2.908-2.7-2.908-2.7Z"></path><path d="M1.5 4.25c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h17.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v12.5a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75h-9.69l-3.573 3.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 5 21.043V18.5H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM3.25 4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v3.19l3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h10a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V4.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Review</div> Manage code changes </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" 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flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Open Source <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 px-lg-4"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a 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</button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 px-lg-4"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"enterprise_platform","context":"enterprise","tag":"link","label":"enterprise_platform_link_enterprise_navbar"}" href="/enterprise"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-stack color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M11.063 1.456a1.749 1.749 0 0 1 1.874 0l8.383 5.316a1.751 1.751 0 0 1 0 2.956l-8.383 5.316a1.749 1.749 0 0 1-1.874 0L2.68 9.728a1.751 1.751 0 0 1 0-2.956Zm1.071 1.267a.25.25 0 0 0-.268 0L3.483 8.039a.25.25 0 0 0 0 .422l8.383 5.316a.25.25 0 0 0 .268 0l8.383-5.316a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.422Z"></path><path d="M1.867 12.324a.75.75 0 0 1 1.035-.232l8.964 5.685a.25.25 0 0 0 .268 0l8.964-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1 .804 1.267l-8.965 5.685a1.749 1.749 0 0 1-1.874 0l-8.965-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1-.231-1.035Z"></path><path d="M1.867 16.324a.75.75 0 0 1 1.035-.232l8.964 5.685a.25.25 0 0 0 .268 0l8.964-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1 .804 1.267l-8.965 5.685a1.749 1.749 0 0 1-1.874 0l-8.965-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1-.231-1.035Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Enterprise platform</div> AI-powered developer platform </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="enterprise-available-add-ons-heading">Available add-ons</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="enterprise-available-add-ons-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex 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2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 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id=\"user-content-ruff\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Ruff\" href=\"#ruff\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/051a04ae958f4a1a5d6444df4cdc520305eef93d5028e6d4c7cd16efa3136cd4/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f656e64706f696e743f75726c3d68747470733a2f2f7261772e67697468756275736572636f6e74656e742e636f6d2f61737472616c2d73682f727566662f6d61696e2f6173736574732f62616467652f76322e6a736f6e\" alt=\"Ruff\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ruff\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/14e1bc70770d22cc586d31fd726ffce6dbf5d248e5fbc700216542adfd6a4e07/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f707970692f762f727566662e737667\" alt=\"image\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/ruff.svg\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/LICENSE\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/05d0bcb2b2007f0c40a1a3d3eb693e9eec4c3d85aaea9cde6d463c3c3d89629c/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f707970692f6c2f727566662e737667\" alt=\"image\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/ruff.svg\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ruff\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/4756572c4e7149f6aa63e5a2c872c021eedfaa361c6a322d306bdd6b0a5c62d9/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f707970692f707976657273696f6e732f727566662e737667\" alt=\"image\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/ruff.svg\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/actions\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/workflows/CI/badge.svg\" alt=\"Actions status\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://discord.com/invite/astral-sh\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/647359c14a78a007576a41e446f1956e89ed1a91f673dfe19b848eebd94f502d/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f446973636f72642d2532333538363546322e7376673f6c6f676f3d646973636f7264266c6f676f436f6c6f723d7768697465\" alt=\"Discord\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/badge/Discord-%235865F2.svg?logo=discord\u0026amp;logoColor=white\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDocs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"https://play.ruff.rs/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlayground\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn extremely fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n \u003cthemed-picture data-catalyst-inline=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpicture align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003csource media=\"(prefers-color-scheme: dark)\" srcset=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1309177/232603514-c95e9b0f-6b31-43de-9a80-9e844173fd6a.svg\"\u003e\n \u003csource media=\"(prefers-color-scheme: light)\" srcset=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1309177/232603516-4fb4892d-585c-4b20-b810-3db9161831e4.svg\"\u003e\n \u003cimg alt=\"Shows a bar chart with benchmark results.\" src=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1309177/232603516-4fb4892d-585c-4b20-b810-3db9161831e4.svg\"\u003e\n \u003c/picture\u003e\u003c/themed-picture\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n \u003ci\u003eLinting the CPython codebase from scratch.\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e⚡️ 10-100x faster than existing linters (like Flake8) and formatters (like Black)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🐍 Installable via \u003ccode\u003epip\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🛠️ \u003ccode\u003epyproject.toml\u003c/code\u003e support\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🤝 Python 3.13 compatibility\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e⚖️ Drop-in parity with \u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/faq/#how-does-ruffs-linter-compare-to-flake8\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eFlake8\u003c/a\u003e, isort, and \u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/faq/#how-does-ruffs-formatter-compare-to-black\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eBlack\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e📦 Built-in caching, to avoid re-analyzing unchanged files\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🔧 Fix support, for automatic error correction (e.g., automatically remove unused imports)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e📏 Over \u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e800 built-in rules\u003c/a\u003e, with native re-implementations\nof popular Flake8 plugins, like flake8-bugbear\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e⌨️ First-party \u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/integrations/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eeditor integrations\u003c/a\u003e for\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-vscode\"\u003eVS Code\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/editors/setup\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003emore\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e🌎 Monorepo-friendly, with \u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/configuration/#config-file-discovery\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehierarchical and cascading configuration\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff aims to be orders of magnitude faster than alternative tools while integrating more\nfunctionality behind a single, common interface.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff can be used to replace \u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eFlake8\u003c/a\u003e (plus dozens of plugins),\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/psf/black\"\u003eBlack\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/isort/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eisort\u003c/a\u003e,\n\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/pydocstyle/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003epydocstyle\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/pyupgrade/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003epyupgrade\u003c/a\u003e,\n\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/autoflake/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eautoflake\u003c/a\u003e, and more, all while executing tens or hundreds of\ntimes faster than any individual tool.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff is extremely actively developed and used in major open-source projects like:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/apache/airflow\"\u003eApache Airflow\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/apache/superset\"\u003eApache Superset\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi\"\u003eFastAPI\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/huggingface/transformers\"\u003eHugging Face\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas\"\u003ePandas\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/scipy/scipy\"\u003eSciPy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e...and \u003ca href=\"#whos-using-ruff\"\u003emany more\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff is backed by \u003ca href=\"https://astral.sh\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAstral\u003c/a\u003e. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://astral.sh/blog/announcing-astral-the-company-behind-ruff\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003elaunch post\u003c/a\u003e,\nor the original \u003ca href=\"https://notes.crmarsh.com/python-tooling-could-be-much-much-faster\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eproject announcement\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTestimonials\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-testimonials\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Testimonials\" href=\"#testimonials\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/tiangolo/status/1591912354882764802\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSebastián Ramírez\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, creator\nof \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi\"\u003eFastAPI\u003c/a\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff is so fast that sometimes I add an intentional bug in the code just to confirm it's actually\nrunning and checking the code.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/schrockn/status/1612615862904827904\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNick Schrock\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, founder of \u003ca href=\"https://www.elementl.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eElementl\u003c/a\u003e,\nco-creator of \u003ca href=\"https://graphql.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGraphQL\u003c/a\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhy is Ruff a gamechanger? Primarily because it is nearly 1000x faster. Literally. Not a typo. On\nour largest module (dagster itself, 250k LOC) pylint takes about 2.5 minutes, parallelized across 4\ncores on my M1. Running ruff against our \u003cem\u003eentire\u003c/em\u003e codebase takes .4 seconds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/bokeh/bokeh/pull/12605\" data-hovercard-type=\"pull_request\" data-hovercard-url=\"/bokeh/bokeh/pull/12605/hovercard\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBryan Van de Ven\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, co-creator\nof \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/bokeh/bokeh/\"\u003eBokeh\u003c/a\u003e, original author\nof \u003ca href=\"https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eConda\u003c/a\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff is ~150-200x faster than flake8 on my machine, scanning the whole repo takes ~0.2s instead of\n~20s. This is an enormous quality of life improvement for local dev. It's fast enough that I added\nit as an actual commit hook, which is terrific.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/timothycrosley/status/1606420868514877440\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTimothy Crosley\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e,\ncreator of \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/PyCQA/isort\"\u003eisort\u003c/a\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eJust switched my first project to Ruff. Only one downside so far: it's so fast I couldn't believe\nit was working till I intentionally introduced some errors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/465#issuecomment-1317400028\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/astral-sh/ruff/issues/465/hovercard\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTim Abbott\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, lead\ndeveloper of \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/zulip/zulip\"\u003eZulip\u003c/a\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis is just ridiculously fast... \u003ccode\u003eruff\u003c/code\u003e is amazing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTable of Contents\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-table-of-contents\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Table of Contents\" href=\"#table-of-contents\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor more, see the \u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003edocumentation\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#getting-started\"\u003eGetting Started\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#configuration\"\u003eConfiguration\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#rules\"\u003eRules\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#contributing\"\u003eContributing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#support\"\u003eSupport\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#acknowledgements\"\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#whos-using-ruff\"\u003eWho's Using Ruff?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#license\"\u003eLicense\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGetting Started\u003ca id=\"user-content-getting-started\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-getting-started\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Getting Started\" href=\"#getting-started\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor more, see the \u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003edocumentation\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eInstallation\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-installation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Installation\" href=\"#installation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff is available as \u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/ruff/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eruff\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e on PyPI.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eInvoke Ruff directly with \u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/uv/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003euvx\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"uvx ruff check # Lint all files in the current directory.\nuvx ruff format # Format all files in the current directory.\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003euvx ruff check \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Lint all files in the current directory.\u003c/span\u003e\nuvx ruff format \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Format all files in the current directory.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOr install Ruff with \u003ccode\u003euv\u003c/code\u003e (recommended), \u003ccode\u003epip\u003c/code\u003e, or \u003ccode\u003epipx\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"# With uv.\nuv tool install ruff@latest # Install Ruff globally.\nuv add --dev ruff # Or add Ruff to your project.\n\n# With pip.\npip install ruff\n\n# With pipx.\npipx install ruff\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e With uv.\u003c/span\u003e\nuv tool install ruff@latest \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Install Ruff globally.\u003c/span\u003e\nuv add --dev ruff \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Or add Ruff to your project.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e With pip.\u003c/span\u003e\npip install ruff\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e With pipx.\u003c/span\u003e\npipx install ruff\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eStarting with version \u003ccode\u003e0.5.0\u003c/code\u003e, Ruff can be installed with our standalone installers:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"# On macOS and Linux.\ncurl -LsSf https://astral.sh/ruff/install.sh | sh\n\n# On Windows.\npowershell -c \u0026quot;irm https://astral.sh/ruff/install.ps1 | iex\u0026quot;\n\n# For a specific version.\ncurl -LsSf https://astral.sh/ruff/0.11.0/install.sh | sh\npowershell -c \u0026quot;irm https://astral.sh/ruff/0.11.0/install.ps1 | iex\u0026quot;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e On macOS and Linux.\u003c/span\u003e\ncurl -LsSf https://astral.sh/ruff/install.sh \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e|\u003c/span\u003e sh\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e On Windows.\u003c/span\u003e\npowershell -c \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003eirm https://astral.sh/ruff/install.ps1 | iex\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e For a specific version.\u003c/span\u003e\ncurl -LsSf https://astral.sh/ruff/0.11.0/install.sh \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e|\u003c/span\u003e sh\npowershell -c \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003eirm https://astral.sh/ruff/0.11.0/install.ps1 | iex\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYou can also install Ruff via \u003ca href=\"https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/ruff\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eHomebrew\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/ruff\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eConda\u003c/a\u003e,\nand with \u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/installation/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ea variety of other package managers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUsage\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-usage\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Usage\" href=\"#usage\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo run Ruff as a linter, try any of the following:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"ruff check # Lint all files in the current directory (and any subdirectories).\nruff check path/to/code/ # Lint all files in `/path/to/code` (and any subdirectories).\nruff check path/to/code/*.py # Lint all `.py` files in `/path/to/code`.\nruff check path/to/code/to/file.py # Lint `file.py`.\nruff check @arguments.txt # Lint using an input file, treating its contents as newline-delimited command-line arguments.\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003eruff check \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Lint all files in the current directory (and any subdirectories).\u003c/span\u003e\nruff check path/to/code/ \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Lint all files in `/path/to/code` (and any subdirectories).\u003c/span\u003e\nruff check path/to/code/\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e.py \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Lint all `.py` files in `/path/to/code`.\u003c/span\u003e\nruff check path/to/code/to/file.py \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Lint `file.py`.\u003c/span\u003e\nruff check @arguments.txt \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Lint using an input file, treating its contents as newline-delimited command-line arguments.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOr, to run Ruff as a formatter:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"ruff format # Format all files in the current directory (and any subdirectories).\nruff format path/to/code/ # Format all files in `/path/to/code` (and any subdirectories).\nruff format path/to/code/*.py # Format all `.py` files in `/path/to/code`.\nruff format path/to/code/to/file.py # Format `file.py`.\nruff format @arguments.txt # Format using an input file, treating its contents as newline-delimited command-line arguments.\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003eruff format \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Format all files in the current directory (and any subdirectories).\u003c/span\u003e\nruff format path/to/code/ \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Format all files in `/path/to/code` (and any subdirectories).\u003c/span\u003e\nruff format path/to/code/\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e.py \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Format all `.py` files in `/path/to/code`.\u003c/span\u003e\nruff format path/to/code/to/file.py \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Format `file.py`.\u003c/span\u003e\nruff format @arguments.txt \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Format using an input file, treating its contents as newline-delimited command-line arguments.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff can also be used as a \u003ca href=\"https://pre-commit.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003epre-commit\u003c/a\u003e hook via \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eruff-pre-commit\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-yaml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit\n # Ruff version.\n rev: v0.11.0\n hooks:\n # Run the linter.\n - id: ruff\n args: [ --fix ]\n # Run the formatter.\n - id: ruff-format\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e- \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003erepo\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ehttps://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Ruff version.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003erev\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ev0.11.0\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003ehooks\u003c/span\u003e:\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Run the linter.\u003c/span\u003e\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eruff\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eargs\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e[ --fix ]\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Run the formatter.\u003c/span\u003e\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eruff-format\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff can also be used as a \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-vscode\"\u003eVS Code extension\u003c/a\u003e or with \u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/editors/setup\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003evarious other editors\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff can also be used as a \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/features/actions\"\u003eGitHub Action\u003c/a\u003e via\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-action\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eruff-action\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-yaml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"name: Ruff\non: [ push, pull_request ]\njobs:\n ruff:\n runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n steps:\n - uses: actions/checkout@v4\n - uses: astral-sh/ruff-action@v3\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eRuff\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eon\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e[ push, pull_request ]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003ejobs\u003c/span\u003e:\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eruff\u003c/span\u003e:\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eruns-on\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eubuntu-latest\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003esteps\u003c/span\u003e:\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003euses\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eactions/checkout@v4\u003c/span\u003e\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003euses\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eastral-sh/ruff-action@v3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eConfiguration\u003ca id=\"user-content-configuration\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-configuration\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Configuration\" href=\"#configuration\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff can be configured through a \u003ccode\u003epyproject.toml\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eruff.toml\u003c/code\u003e, or \u003ccode\u003e.ruff.toml\u003c/code\u003e file (see:\n\u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/configuration/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eConfiguration\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, or \u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/settings/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSettings\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\nfor a complete list of all configuration options).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf left unspecified, Ruff's default configuration is equivalent to the following \u003ccode\u003eruff.toml\u003c/code\u003e file:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-toml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"# Exclude a variety of commonly ignored directories.\nexclude = [\n \u0026quot;.bzr\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.direnv\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.eggs\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.git\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.git-rewrite\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.hg\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.ipynb_checkpoints\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.mypy_cache\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.nox\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.pants.d\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.pyenv\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.pytest_cache\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.pytype\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.ruff_cache\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.svn\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.tox\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.venv\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;.vscode\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;__pypackages__\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;_build\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;buck-out\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;build\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;dist\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;node_modules\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;site-packages\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;venv\u0026quot;,\n]\n\n# Same as Black.\nline-length = 88\nindent-width = 4\n\n# Assume Python 3.9\ntarget-version = \u0026quot;py39\u0026quot;\n\n[lint]\n# Enable Pyflakes (`F`) and a subset of the pycodestyle (`E`) codes by default.\nselect = [\u0026quot;E4\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;E7\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;E9\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;F\u0026quot;]\nignore = []\n\n# Allow fix for all enabled rules (when `--fix`) is provided.\nfixable = [\u0026quot;ALL\u0026quot;]\nunfixable = []\n\n# Allow unused variables when underscore-prefixed.\ndummy-variable-rgx = \u0026quot;^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$\u0026quot;\n\n[format]\n# Like Black, use double quotes for strings.\nquote-style = \u0026quot;double\u0026quot;\n\n# Like Black, indent with spaces, rather than tabs.\nindent-style = \u0026quot;space\u0026quot;\n\n# Like Black, respect magic trailing commas.\nskip-magic-trailing-comma = false\n\n# Like Black, automatically detect the appropriate line ending.\nline-ending = \u0026quot;auto\u0026quot;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Exclude a variety of commonly ignored directories.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eexclude\u003c/span\u003e = [\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.bzr\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.direnv\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.eggs\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.git\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.git-rewrite\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.hg\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.ipynb_checkpoints\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.mypy_cache\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.nox\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.pants.d\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.pyenv\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.pytest_cache\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.pytype\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.ruff_cache\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.svn\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.tox\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.venv\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e.vscode\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e__pypackages__\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e_build\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003ebuck-out\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003ebuild\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003edist\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003enode_modules\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003esite-packages\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003evenv\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n]\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Same as Black.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eline-length\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e88\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eindent-width\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Assume Python 3.9\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003etarget-version\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003epy39\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\n[\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003elint\u003c/span\u003e]\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Enable Pyflakes (`F`) and a subset of the pycodestyle (`E`) codes by default.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eselect\u003c/span\u003e = [\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003eE4\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003eE7\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003eE9\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003eF\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e]\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eignore\u003c/span\u003e = []\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Allow fix for all enabled rules (when `--fix`) is provided.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003efixable\u003c/span\u003e = [\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003eALL\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e]\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eunfixable\u003c/span\u003e = []\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Allow unused variables when underscore-prefixed.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003edummy-variable-rgx\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\n[\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eformat\u003c/span\u003e]\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Like Black, use double quotes for strings.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003equote-style\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003edouble\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Like Black, indent with spaces, rather than tabs.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eindent-style\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003espace\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Like Black, respect magic trailing commas.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eskip-magic-trailing-comma\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Like Black, automatically detect the appropriate line ending.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eline-ending\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003eauto\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNote that, in a \u003ccode\u003epyproject.toml\u003c/code\u003e, each section header should be prefixed with \u003ccode\u003etool.ruff\u003c/code\u003e. For\nexample, \u003ccode\u003e[lint]\u003c/code\u003e should be replaced with \u003ccode\u003e[tool.ruff.lint]\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSome configuration options can be provided via dedicated command-line arguments, such as those\nrelated to rule enablement and disablement, file discovery, and logging level:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"ruff check --select F401 --select F403 --quiet\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003eruff check --select F401 --select F403 --quiet\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe remaining configuration options can be provided through a catch-all \u003ccode\u003e--config\u003c/code\u003e argument:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"ruff check --config \u0026quot;lint.per-file-ignores = {'some_file.py' = ['F841']}\u0026quot;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003eruff check --config \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003elint.per-file-ignores = {'some_file.py' = ['F841']}\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo opt in to the latest lint rules, formatter style changes, interface updates, and more, enable\n\u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003epreview mode\u003c/a\u003e by setting \u003ccode\u003epreview = true\u003c/code\u003e in your configuration\nfile or passing \u003ccode\u003e--preview\u003c/code\u003e on the command line. Preview mode enables a collection of unstable\nfeatures that may change prior to stabilization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee \u003ccode\u003eruff help\u003c/code\u003e for more on Ruff's top-level commands, or \u003ccode\u003eruff help check\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eruff help format\u003c/code\u003e\nfor more on the linting and formatting commands, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRules\u003ca id=\"user-content-rules\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-rules\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Rules\" href=\"#rules\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRuff supports over 800 lint rules\u003c/strong\u003e, many of which are inspired by popular tools like Flake8,\nisort, pyupgrade, and others. Regardless of the rule's origin, Ruff re-implements every rule in\nRust as a first-party feature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBy default, Ruff enables Flake8's \u003ccode\u003eF\u003c/code\u003e rules, along with a subset of the \u003ccode\u003eE\u003c/code\u003e rules, omitting any\nstylistic rules that overlap with the use of a formatter, like \u003ccode\u003eruff format\u003c/code\u003e or\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/psf/black\"\u003eBlack\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you're just getting started with Ruff, \u003cstrong\u003ethe default rule set is a great place to start\u003c/strong\u003e: it\ncatches a wide variety of common errors (like unused imports) with zero configuration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBeyond the defaults, Ruff re-implements some of the most popular Flake8 plugins and related code\nquality tools, including:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/autoflake/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eautoflake\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/eradicate/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eeradicate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-2020/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-2020\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-annotations/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-annotations\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-async\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-async\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-bandit/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-bandit\u003c/a\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/1646\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/astral-sh/ruff/issues/1646/hovercard\"\u003e#1646\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-blind-except/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-blind-except\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-boolean-trap/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-boolean-trap\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-bugbear/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-bugbear\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-builtins/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-builtins\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-commas/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-commas\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-comprehensions/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-comprehensions\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-copyright/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-copyright\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-datetimez/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-datetimez\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-debugger/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-debugger\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-django/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-django\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-docstrings/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-docstrings\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-eradicate/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-eradicate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-errmsg/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-errmsg\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-executable/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-executable\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-future-annotations/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-future-annotations\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-gettext/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-gettext\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-implicit-str-concat/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-implicit-str-concat\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/joaopalmeiro/flake8-import-conventions\"\u003eflake8-import-conventions\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-logging/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-logging\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-logging-format/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-logging-format\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-no-pep420\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-no-pep420\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-pie/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-pie\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-print/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-print\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-pyi/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-pyi\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-pytest-style/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-pytest-style\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-quotes/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-quotes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-raise/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-raise\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-return/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-return\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-self/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-self\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-simplify/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-simplify\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-slots/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-slots\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-super/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-super\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-tidy-imports/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-tidy-imports\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-todos/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-todos\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-type-checking/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-type-checking\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flake8-use-pathlib/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflake8-use-pathlib\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flynt/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eflynt\u003c/a\u003e (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/2102\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/astral-sh/ruff/issues/2102/hovercard\"\u003e#2102\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/isort/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eisort\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/mccabe/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003emccabe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/pandas-vet/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003epandas-vet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/pep8-naming/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003epep8-naming\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/pydocstyle/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003epydocstyle\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pre-commit/pygrep-hooks\"\u003epygrep-hooks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/pylint-airflow/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003epylint-airflow\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/pyupgrade/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003epyupgrade\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/tryceratops/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003etryceratops\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/yesqa/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eyesqa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor a complete enumeration of the supported rules, see \u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eRules\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eContributing\u003ca id=\"user-content-contributing\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-contributing\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Contributing\" href=\"#contributing\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eContributions are welcome and highly appreciated. To get started, check out the\n\u003ca href=\"https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/contributing/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econtributing guidelines\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYou can also join us on \u003ca href=\"https://discord.com/invite/astral-sh\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscord\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSupport\u003ca id=\"user-content-support\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-support\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Support\" href=\"#support\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHaving trouble? Check out the existing issues on \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGitHub\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e,\nor feel free to \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/new\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eopen a new one\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYou can also ask for help on \u003ca href=\"https://discord.com/invite/astral-sh\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscord\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAcknowledgements\u003ca id=\"user-content-acknowledgements\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-acknowledgements\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Acknowledgements\" href=\"#acknowledgements\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff's linter draws on both the APIs and implementation details of many other\ntools in the Python ecosystem, especially \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8\"\u003eFlake8\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/PyCQA/pyflakes\"\u003ePyflakes\u003c/a\u003e,\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/PyCQA/pycodestyle\"\u003epycodestyle\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/PyCQA/pydocstyle\"\u003epydocstyle\u003c/a\u003e,\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade\"\u003epyupgrade\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/PyCQA/isort\"\u003eisort\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn some cases, Ruff includes a \"direct\" Rust port of the corresponding tool.\nWe're grateful to the maintainers of these tools for their work, and for all\nthe value they've provided to the Python community.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff's formatter is built on a fork of Rome's \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rome/tools/tree/main/crates/rome_formatter\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003erome_formatter\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e,\nand again draws on both API and implementation details from \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rome/tools\"\u003eRome\u003c/a\u003e,\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/prettier/prettier\"\u003ePrettier\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/psf/black\"\u003eBlack\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff's import resolver is based on the import resolution algorithm from \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/microsoft/pyright\"\u003ePyright\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff is also influenced by a number of tools outside the Python ecosystem, like\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy\"\u003eClippy\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/eslint/eslint\"\u003eESLint\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff is the beneficiary of a large number of \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/graphs/contributors\"\u003econtributors\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff is released under the MIT license.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eWho's Using Ruff?\u003ca id=\"user-content-whos-using-ruff\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-whos-using-ruff\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Who's Using Ruff?\" href=\"#whos-using-ruff\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRuff is used by a number of major open-source projects and companies, including:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations\"\u003eAlbumentations\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmazon (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/aws/serverless-application-model\"\u003eAWS SAM\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnthropic (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/anthropics/anthropic-sdk-python\"\u003ePython SDK\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/apache/airflow\"\u003eApache Airflow\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAstraZeneca (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/AstraZeneca/magnus-core\"\u003eMagnus\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/python-babel/babel\"\u003eBabel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBenchling (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/benchling/refac\"\u003eRefac\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/bokeh/bokeh\"\u003eBokeh\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCrowdCent (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/crowdcent/numerblox\"\u003eNumerBlox\u003c/a\u003e) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pyca/cryptography\"\u003eCryptography (PyCA)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCERN (\u003ca href=\"https://getindico.io/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eIndico\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/iterative/dvc\"\u003eDVC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/dagger/dagger\"\u003eDagger\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/dagster-io/dagster\"\u003eDagster\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDatabricks (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mlflow/mlflow\"\u003eMLflow\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/langgenius/dify\"\u003eDify\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi\"\u003eFastAPI\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/godotengine/godot\"\u003eGodot\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio\"\u003eGradio\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/great-expectations/great_expectations\"\u003eGreat Expectations\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/encode/httpx\"\u003eHTTPX\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pypa/hatch\"\u003eHatch\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/home-assistant/core\"\u003eHome Assistant\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHugging Face (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/huggingface/transformers\"\u003eTransformers\u003c/a\u003e,\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/huggingface/datasets\"\u003eDatasets\u003c/a\u003e,\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers\"\u003eDiffusers\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIBM (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit\"\u003eQiskit\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eING Bank (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ing-bank/popmon\"\u003epopmon\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ing-bank/probatus\"\u003eprobatus\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ibis-project/ibis\"\u003eIbis\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/unifyai/ivy\"\u003eivy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/jax-ml/jax\"\u003eJAX\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyter_server\"\u003eJupyter\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://kraken.tech/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eKraken Tech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/hwchase17/langchain\"\u003eLangChain\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://litestar.dev/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLitestar\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/jerryjliu/llama_index\"\u003eLlamaIndex\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMatrix (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse\"\u003eSynapse\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/oxsecurity/megalinter\"\u003eMegaLinter\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeltano (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/meltano/meltano\"\u003eMeltano CLI\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/meltano/sdk\"\u003eSinger SDK\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicrosoft (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-kernel\"\u003eSemantic Kernel\u003c/a\u003e,\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/microsoft/onnxruntime\"\u003eONNX Runtime\u003c/a\u003e,\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM\"\u003eLightGBM\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eModern Treasury (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/Modern-Treasury/modern-treasury-python\"\u003ePython SDK\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMozilla (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mozilla/gecko-dev\"\u003eFirefox\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/python/mypy\"\u003eMypy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nautobot/nautobot\"\u003eNautobot\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNetflix (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/Netflix/dispatch\"\u003eDispatch\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/neondatabase/neon\"\u003eNeon\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://nokia.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eNokia\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nonebot/nonebot2\"\u003eNoneBot\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pyro-ppl/numpyro\"\u003eNumPyro\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/onnx/onnx\"\u003eONNX\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/OpenBB-finance/OpenBBTerminal\"\u003eOpenBB\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/Open-Wine-Components/umu-launcher\"\u003eOpen Wine Components\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pdm-project/pdm\"\u003ePDM\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle\"\u003ePaddlePaddle\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas\"\u003ePandas\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow\"\u003ePillow\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry\"\u003ePoetry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pola-rs/polars\"\u003ePolars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/PostHog/posthog\"\u003ePostHog\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrefect (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect\"\u003ePython SDK\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/PrefectHQ/marvin\"\u003eMarvin\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller\"\u003ePyInstaller\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pymc-devs/pymc/\"\u003ePyMC\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pymc-labs/pymc-marketing\"\u003ePyMC-Marketing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest\"\u003epytest\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch\"\u003ePyTorch\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic\"\u003ePydantic\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint\"\u003ePylint\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pyvista/pyvista\"\u003ePyVista\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/reflex-dev/reflex\"\u003eReflex\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/online-ml/river\"\u003eRiver\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://rippling.com\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRippling\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/sansyrox/robyn\"\u003eRobyn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/saleor/saleor\"\u003eSaleor\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScale AI (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/scaleapi/launch-python-client\"\u003eLaunch SDK\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/scipy/scipy\"\u003eSciPy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSnowflake (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/Snowflake-Labs/snowcli\"\u003eSnowCLI\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx\"\u003eSphinx\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/DLR-RM/stable-baselines3\"\u003eStable Baselines3\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/encode/starlette\"\u003eStarlette\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/streamlit/streamlit\"\u003eStreamlit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python\"\u003eThe Algorithms\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/altair-viz/altair\"\u003eVega-Altair\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWordPress (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WordPress/openverse\"\u003eOpenverse\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/zenml-io/zenml\"\u003eZenML\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/zulip/zulip\"\u003eZulip\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pypa/build\"\u003ebuild (PyPA)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel\"\u003ecibuildwheel (PyPA)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/delta-io/delta-rs\"\u003edelta-rs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/alteryx/featuretools\"\u003efeaturetools\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mesonbuild/meson-python\"\u003emeson-python\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/wntrblm/nox\"\u003enox\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pypa/pip\"\u003epip\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eShow Your Support\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-show-your-support\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Show Your Support\" href=\"#show-your-support\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you're using Ruff, consider adding the Ruff badge to your project's \u003ccode\u003eREADME.md\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-text-md notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"[](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e![\u003c/span\u003eRuff\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-corl\"\u003ehttps://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e)]\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-corl\"\u003ehttps://github.com/astral-sh/ruff\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e...or \u003ccode\u003eREADME.rst\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-text-restructuredtext notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\".. image:: https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json\n :target: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff\n :alt: Ruff\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e.. \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eimage\u003c/span\u003e:: \u003cspan class=\"pl-corl\"\u003ehttps://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003e:target:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ehttps://github.com/astral-sh/ruff\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003e:alt:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eRuff\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e...or, as HTML:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-text-html-basic notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"\u0026lt;a href=\u0026quot;https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff\u0026quot;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;img src=\u0026quot;https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json\u0026quot; alt=\u0026quot;Ruff\u0026quot; style=\u0026quot;max-width:100%;\u0026quot;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003ea\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ehref\u003c/span\u003e=\"\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ehttps://github.com/astral-sh/ruff\u003c/span\u003e\"\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eimg\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003esrc\u003c/span\u003e=\"\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ehttps://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json\u003c/span\u003e\" \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ealt\u003c/span\u003e=\"\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eRuff\u003c/span\u003e\" \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003estyle\u003c/span\u003e=\"\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003emax-width:100%;\u003c/span\u003e\"\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003ea\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLicense\u003ca 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dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/051a04ae958f4a1a5d6444df4cdc520305eef93d5028e6d4c7cd16efa3136cd4/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f656e64706f696e743f75726c3d68747470733a2f2f7261772e67697468756275736572636f6e74656e742e636f6d2f61737472616c2d73682f727566662f6d61696e2f6173736574732f62616467652f76322e6a736f6e" alt="Ruff" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ruff" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/14e1bc70770d22cc586d31fd726ffce6dbf5d248e5fbc700216542adfd6a4e07/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f707970692f762f727566662e737667" alt="image" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/ruff.svg" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/LICENSE"><img 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srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1309177/232603516-4fb4892d-585c-4b20-b810-3db9161831e4.svg"> <img alt="Shows a bar chart with benchmark results." src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1309177/232603516-4fb4892d-585c-4b20-b810-3db9161831e4.svg"> </picture></themed-picture> </p> <p align="center" dir="auto"> <i>Linting the CPython codebase from scratch.</i> </p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>⚡️ 10-100x faster than existing linters (like Flake8) and formatters (like Black)</li> <li>🐍 Installable via <code>pip</code></li> <li>🛠️ <code>pyproject.toml</code> support</li> <li>🤝 Python 3.13 compatibility</li> <li>⚖️ Drop-in parity with <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/faq/#how-does-ruffs-linter-compare-to-flake8" rel="nofollow">Flake8</a>, isort, and <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/faq/#how-does-ruffs-formatter-compare-to-black" rel="nofollow">Black</a></li> <li>📦 Built-in caching, to avoid re-analyzing unchanged files</li> <li>🔧 Fix support, for automatic error correction (e.g., automatically remove unused imports)</li> <li>📏 Over <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/" rel="nofollow">800 built-in rules</a>, with native re-implementations of popular Flake8 plugins, like flake8-bugbear</li> <li>⌨️ First-party <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/integrations/" rel="nofollow">editor integrations</a> for <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-vscode">VS Code</a> and <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/editors/setup" rel="nofollow">more</a></li> <li>🌎 Monorepo-friendly, with <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/configuration/#config-file-discovery" rel="nofollow">hierarchical and cascading configuration</a></li> </ul> <p dir="auto">Ruff aims to be orders of magnitude faster than alternative tools while integrating more functionality behind a single, common interface.</p> <p dir="auto">Ruff can be used to replace <a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8/" rel="nofollow">Flake8</a> (plus dozens of plugins), <a href="https://github.com/psf/black">Black</a>, <a href="https://pypi.org/project/isort/" rel="nofollow">isort</a>, <a href="https://pypi.org/project/pydocstyle/" rel="nofollow">pydocstyle</a>, <a href="https://pypi.org/project/pyupgrade/" rel="nofollow">pyupgrade</a>, <a href="https://pypi.org/project/autoflake/" rel="nofollow">autoflake</a>, and more, all while executing tens or hundreds of times faster than any individual tool.</p> <p dir="auto">Ruff is extremely actively developed and used in major open-source projects like:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/airflow">Apache Airflow</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/superset">Apache Superset</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi">FastAPI</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/huggingface/transformers">Hugging Face</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas">Pandas</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/scipy/scipy">SciPy</a></li> </ul> <p dir="auto">...and <a href="#whos-using-ruff">many more</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Ruff is backed by <a href="https://astral.sh" rel="nofollow">Astral</a>. Read the <a href="https://astral.sh/blog/announcing-astral-the-company-behind-ruff" rel="nofollow">launch post</a>, or the original <a href="https://notes.crmarsh.com/python-tooling-could-be-much-much-faster" rel="nofollow">project announcement</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Testimonials</h2><a id="user-content-testimonials" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Testimonials" href="#testimonials"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://twitter.com/tiangolo/status/1591912354882764802" rel="nofollow"><strong>Sebastián Ramírez</strong></a>, creator of <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi">FastAPI</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">Ruff is so fast that sometimes I add an intentional bug in the code just to confirm it's actually running and checking the code.</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://twitter.com/schrockn/status/1612615862904827904" rel="nofollow"><strong>Nick Schrock</strong></a>, founder of <a href="https://www.elementl.com/" rel="nofollow">Elementl</a>, co-creator of <a href="https://graphql.org/" rel="nofollow">GraphQL</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">Why is Ruff a gamechanger? Primarily because it is nearly 1000x faster. Literally. Not a typo. On our largest module (dagster itself, 250k LOC) pylint takes about 2.5 minutes, parallelized across 4 cores on my M1. Running ruff against our <em>entire</em> codebase takes .4 seconds.</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/bokeh/bokeh/pull/12605" data-hovercard-type="pull_request" data-hovercard-url="/bokeh/bokeh/pull/12605/hovercard"><strong>Bryan Van de Ven</strong></a>, co-creator of <a href="https://github.com/bokeh/bokeh/">Bokeh</a>, original author of <a href="https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/" rel="nofollow">Conda</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">Ruff is ~150-200x faster than flake8 on my machine, scanning the whole repo takes ~0.2s instead of ~20s. This is an enormous quality of life improvement for local dev. It's fast enough that I added it as an actual commit hook, which is terrific.</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://twitter.com/timothycrosley/status/1606420868514877440" rel="nofollow"><strong>Timothy Crosley</strong></a>, creator of <a href="https://github.com/PyCQA/isort">isort</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">Just switched my first project to Ruff. Only one downside so far: it's so fast I couldn't believe it was working till I intentionally introduced some errors.</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/465#issuecomment-1317400028" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/astral-sh/ruff/issues/465/hovercard"><strong>Tim Abbott</strong></a>, lead developer of <a href="https://github.com/zulip/zulip">Zulip</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">This is just ridiculously fast... <code>ruff</code> is amazing.</p> </blockquote> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Table of Contents</h2><a id="user-content-table-of-contents" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Table of Contents" href="#table-of-contents"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">For more, see the <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/" rel="nofollow">documentation</a>.</p> <ol dir="auto"> <li><a href="#getting-started">Getting Started</a></li> <li><a href="#configuration">Configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#rules">Rules</a></li> <li><a href="#contributing">Contributing</a></li> <li><a href="#support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="#acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a></li> <li><a href="#whos-using-ruff">Who's Using Ruff?</a></li> <li><a href="#license">License</a></li> </ol> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Getting Started<a id="user-content-getting-started"></a></h2><a id="user-content-getting-started" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Getting Started" href="#getting-started"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">For more, see the <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/" rel="nofollow">documentation</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Installation</h3><a id="user-content-installation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Installation" href="#installation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Ruff is available as <a href="https://pypi.org/project/ruff/" rel="nofollow"><code>ruff</code></a> on PyPI.</p> <p dir="auto">Invoke Ruff directly with <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/uv/" rel="nofollow"><code>uvx</code></a>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="uvx ruff check # Lint all files in the current directory. uvx ruff format # Format all files in the current directory."><pre>uvx ruff check <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Lint all files in the current directory.</span> uvx ruff format <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Format all files in the current directory.</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Or install Ruff with <code>uv</code> (recommended), <code>pip</code>, or <code>pipx</code>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="# With uv. uv tool install ruff@latest # Install Ruff globally. uv add --dev ruff # Or add Ruff to your project. # With pip. pip install ruff # With pipx. pipx install ruff"><pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> With uv.</span> uv tool install ruff@latest <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Install Ruff globally.</span> uv add --dev ruff <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Or add Ruff to your project.</span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> With pip.</span> pip install ruff <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> With pipx.</span> pipx install ruff</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Starting with version <code>0.5.0</code>, Ruff can be installed with our standalone installers:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="# On macOS and Linux. curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/ruff/install.sh | sh # On Windows. powershell -c "irm https://astral.sh/ruff/install.ps1 | iex" # For a specific version. curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/ruff/0.11.0/install.sh | sh powershell -c "irm https://astral.sh/ruff/0.11.0/install.ps1 | iex""><pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> On macOS and Linux.</span> curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/ruff/install.sh <span class="pl-k">|</span> sh <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> On Windows.</span> powershell -c <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>irm https://astral.sh/ruff/install.ps1 | iex<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> For a specific version.</span> curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/ruff/0.11.0/install.sh <span class="pl-k">|</span> sh powershell -c <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>irm https://astral.sh/ruff/0.11.0/install.ps1 | iex<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">You can also install Ruff via <a href="https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/ruff" rel="nofollow">Homebrew</a>, <a href="https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/ruff" rel="nofollow">Conda</a>, and with <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/installation/" rel="nofollow">a variety of other package managers</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Usage</h3><a id="user-content-usage" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Usage" href="#usage"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">To run Ruff as a linter, try any of the following:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="ruff check # Lint all files in the current directory (and any subdirectories). ruff check path/to/code/ # Lint all files in `/path/to/code` (and any subdirectories). ruff check path/to/code/*.py # Lint all `.py` files in `/path/to/code`. ruff check path/to/code/to/file.py # Lint `file.py`. ruff check @arguments.txt # Lint using an input file, treating its contents as newline-delimited command-line arguments."><pre>ruff check <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Lint all files in the current directory (and any subdirectories).</span> ruff check path/to/code/ <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Lint all files in `/path/to/code` (and any subdirectories).</span> ruff check path/to/code/<span class="pl-k">*</span>.py <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Lint all `.py` files in `/path/to/code`.</span> ruff check path/to/code/to/file.py <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Lint `file.py`.</span> ruff check @arguments.txt <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Lint using an input file, treating its contents as newline-delimited command-line arguments.</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Or, to run Ruff as a formatter:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="ruff format # Format all files in the current directory (and any subdirectories). ruff format path/to/code/ # Format all files in `/path/to/code` (and any subdirectories). ruff format path/to/code/*.py # Format all `.py` files in `/path/to/code`. ruff format path/to/code/to/file.py # Format `file.py`. ruff format @arguments.txt # Format using an input file, treating its contents as newline-delimited command-line arguments."><pre>ruff format <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Format all files in the current directory (and any subdirectories).</span> ruff format path/to/code/ <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Format all files in `/path/to/code` (and any subdirectories).</span> ruff format path/to/code/<span class="pl-k">*</span>.py <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Format all `.py` files in `/path/to/code`.</span> ruff format path/to/code/to/file.py <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Format `file.py`.</span> ruff format @arguments.txt <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Format using an input file, treating its contents as newline-delimited command-line arguments.</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Ruff can also be used as a <a href="https://pre-commit.com/" rel="nofollow">pre-commit</a> hook via <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit"><code>ruff-pre-commit</code></a>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-yaml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit # Ruff version. rev: v0.11.0 hooks: # Run the linter. - id: ruff args: [ --fix ] # Run the formatter. - id: ruff-format"><pre>- <span class="pl-ent">repo</span>: <span class="pl-s">https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit</span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Ruff version.</span> <span class="pl-ent">rev</span>: <span class="pl-s">v0.11.0</span> <span class="pl-ent">hooks</span>: <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Run the linter.</span> - <span class="pl-ent">id</span>: <span class="pl-s">ruff</span> <span class="pl-ent">args</span>: <span class="pl-s">[ --fix ]</span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Run the formatter.</span> - <span class="pl-ent">id</span>: <span class="pl-s">ruff-format</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Ruff can also be used as a <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-vscode">VS Code extension</a> or with <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/editors/setup" rel="nofollow">various other editors</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Ruff can also be used as a <a href="https://github.com/features/actions">GitHub Action</a> via <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-action"><code>ruff-action</code></a>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-yaml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="name: Ruff on: [ push, pull_request ] jobs: ruff: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - uses: astral-sh/ruff-action@v3"><pre><span class="pl-ent">name</span>: <span class="pl-s">Ruff</span> <span class="pl-ent">on</span>: <span class="pl-s">[ push, pull_request ]</span> <span class="pl-ent">jobs</span>: <span class="pl-ent">ruff</span>: <span class="pl-ent">runs-on</span>: <span class="pl-s">ubuntu-latest</span> <span class="pl-ent">steps</span>: - <span class="pl-ent">uses</span>: <span class="pl-s">actions/checkout@v4</span> - <span class="pl-ent">uses</span>: <span class="pl-s">astral-sh/ruff-action@v3</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Configuration<a id="user-content-configuration"></a></h3><a id="user-content-configuration" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Configuration" href="#configuration"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Ruff can be configured through a <code>pyproject.toml</code>, <code>ruff.toml</code>, or <code>.ruff.toml</code> file (see: <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/configuration/" rel="nofollow"><em>Configuration</em></a>, or <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/settings/" rel="nofollow"><em>Settings</em></a> for a complete list of all configuration options).</p> <p dir="auto">If left unspecified, Ruff's default configuration is equivalent to the following <code>ruff.toml</code> file:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-toml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="# Exclude a variety of commonly ignored directories. exclude = [ ".bzr", ".direnv", ".eggs", ".git", ".git-rewrite", ".hg", ".ipynb_checkpoints", ".mypy_cache", ".nox", ".pants.d", ".pyenv", ".pytest_cache", ".pytype", ".ruff_cache", ".svn", ".tox", ".venv", ".vscode", "__pypackages__", "_build", "buck-out", "build", "dist", "node_modules", "site-packages", "venv", ] # Same as Black. line-length = 88 indent-width = 4 # Assume Python 3.9 target-version = "py39" [lint] # Enable Pyflakes (`F`) and a subset of the pycodestyle (`E`) codes by default. select = ["E4", "E7", "E9", "F"] ignore = [] # Allow fix for all enabled rules (when `--fix`) is provided. fixable = ["ALL"] unfixable = [] # Allow unused variables when underscore-prefixed. dummy-variable-rgx = "^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$" [format] # Like Black, use double quotes for strings. quote-style = "double" # Like Black, indent with spaces, rather than tabs. indent-style = "space" # Like Black, respect magic trailing commas. skip-magic-trailing-comma = false # Like Black, automatically detect the appropriate line ending. line-ending = "auto""><pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Exclude a variety of commonly ignored directories.</span> <span class="pl-smi">exclude</span> = [ <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.bzr<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.direnv<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.eggs<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.git<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.git-rewrite<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.hg<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.ipynb_checkpoints<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.mypy_cache<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.nox<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.pants.d<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.pyenv<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.pytest_cache<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.pytype<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.ruff_cache<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.svn<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.tox<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.venv<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>.vscode<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>__pypackages__<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>_build<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>buck-out<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>build<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>dist<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>node_modules<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>site-packages<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>venv<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, ] <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Same as Black.</span> <span class="pl-smi">line-length</span> = <span class="pl-c1">88</span> <span class="pl-smi">indent-width</span> = <span class="pl-c1">4</span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Assume Python 3.9</span> <span class="pl-smi">target-version</span> = <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>py39<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> [<span class="pl-en">lint</span>] <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Enable Pyflakes (`F`) and a subset of the pycodestyle (`E`) codes by default.</span> <span class="pl-smi">select</span> = [<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>E4<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>E7<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>E9<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>F<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>] <span class="pl-smi">ignore</span> = [] <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Allow fix for all enabled rules (when `--fix`) is provided.</span> <span class="pl-smi">fixable</span> = [<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>ALL<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>] <span class="pl-smi">unfixable</span> = [] <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Allow unused variables when underscore-prefixed.</span> <span class="pl-smi">dummy-variable-rgx</span> = <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> [<span class="pl-en">format</span>] <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Like Black, use double quotes for strings.</span> <span class="pl-smi">quote-style</span> = <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>double<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Like Black, indent with spaces, rather than tabs.</span> <span class="pl-smi">indent-style</span> = <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>space<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Like Black, respect magic trailing commas.</span> <span class="pl-smi">skip-magic-trailing-comma</span> = <span class="pl-c1">false</span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Like Black, automatically detect the appropriate line ending.</span> <span class="pl-smi">line-ending</span> = <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>auto<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Note that, in a <code>pyproject.toml</code>, each section header should be prefixed with <code>tool.ruff</code>. For example, <code>[lint]</code> should be replaced with <code>[tool.ruff.lint]</code>.</p> <p dir="auto">Some configuration options can be provided via dedicated command-line arguments, such as those related to rule enablement and disablement, file discovery, and logging level:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="ruff check --select F401 --select F403 --quiet"><pre>ruff check --select F401 --select F403 --quiet</pre></div> <p dir="auto">The remaining configuration options can be provided through a catch-all <code>--config</code> argument:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="ruff check --config "lint.per-file-ignores = {'some_file.py' = ['F841']}""><pre>ruff check --config <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>lint.per-file-ignores = {'some_file.py' = ['F841']}<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">To opt in to the latest lint rules, formatter style changes, interface updates, and more, enable <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/" rel="nofollow">preview mode</a> by setting <code>preview = true</code> in your configuration file or passing <code>--preview</code> on the command line. Preview mode enables a collection of unstable features that may change prior to stabilization.</p> <p dir="auto">See <code>ruff help</code> for more on Ruff's top-level commands, or <code>ruff help check</code> and <code>ruff help format</code> for more on the linting and formatting commands, respectively.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Rules<a id="user-content-rules"></a></h2><a id="user-content-rules" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Rules" href="#rules"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><strong>Ruff supports over 800 lint rules</strong>, many of which are inspired by popular tools like Flake8, isort, pyupgrade, and others. Regardless of the rule's origin, Ruff re-implements every rule in Rust as a first-party feature.</p> <p dir="auto">By default, Ruff enables Flake8's <code>F</code> rules, along with a subset of the <code>E</code> rules, omitting any stylistic rules that overlap with the use of a formatter, like <code>ruff format</code> or <a href="https://github.com/psf/black">Black</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">If you're just getting started with Ruff, <strong>the default rule set is a great place to start</strong>: it catches a wide variety of common errors (like unused imports) with zero configuration.</p> <p dir="auto">Beyond the defaults, Ruff re-implements some of the most popular Flake8 plugins and related code quality tools, including:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/autoflake/" rel="nofollow">autoflake</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/eradicate/" rel="nofollow">eradicate</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-2020/" rel="nofollow">flake8-2020</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-annotations/" rel="nofollow">flake8-annotations</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-async" rel="nofollow">flake8-async</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-bandit/" rel="nofollow">flake8-bandit</a> (<a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/1646" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/astral-sh/ruff/issues/1646/hovercard">#1646</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-blind-except/" rel="nofollow">flake8-blind-except</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-boolean-trap/" rel="nofollow">flake8-boolean-trap</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-bugbear/" rel="nofollow">flake8-bugbear</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-builtins/" rel="nofollow">flake8-builtins</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-commas/" rel="nofollow">flake8-commas</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-comprehensions/" rel="nofollow">flake8-comprehensions</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-copyright/" rel="nofollow">flake8-copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-datetimez/" rel="nofollow">flake8-datetimez</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-debugger/" rel="nofollow">flake8-debugger</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-django/" rel="nofollow">flake8-django</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-docstrings/" rel="nofollow">flake8-docstrings</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-eradicate/" rel="nofollow">flake8-eradicate</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-errmsg/" rel="nofollow">flake8-errmsg</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-executable/" rel="nofollow">flake8-executable</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-future-annotations/" rel="nofollow">flake8-future-annotations</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-gettext/" rel="nofollow">flake8-gettext</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-implicit-str-concat/" rel="nofollow">flake8-implicit-str-concat</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/joaopalmeiro/flake8-import-conventions">flake8-import-conventions</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-logging/" rel="nofollow">flake8-logging</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-logging-format/" rel="nofollow">flake8-logging-format</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-no-pep420" rel="nofollow">flake8-no-pep420</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-pie/" rel="nofollow">flake8-pie</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-print/" rel="nofollow">flake8-print</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-pyi/" rel="nofollow">flake8-pyi</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-pytest-style/" rel="nofollow">flake8-pytest-style</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-quotes/" rel="nofollow">flake8-quotes</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-raise/" rel="nofollow">flake8-raise</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-return/" rel="nofollow">flake8-return</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-self/" rel="nofollow">flake8-self</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-simplify/" rel="nofollow">flake8-simplify</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-slots/" rel="nofollow">flake8-slots</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-super/" rel="nofollow">flake8-super</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-tidy-imports/" rel="nofollow">flake8-tidy-imports</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-todos/" rel="nofollow">flake8-todos</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-type-checking/" rel="nofollow">flake8-type-checking</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flake8-use-pathlib/" rel="nofollow">flake8-use-pathlib</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flynt/" rel="nofollow">flynt</a> (<a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/2102" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/astral-sh/ruff/issues/2102/hovercard">#2102</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/isort/" rel="nofollow">isort</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/mccabe/" rel="nofollow">mccabe</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/pandas-vet/" rel="nofollow">pandas-vet</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/pep8-naming/" rel="nofollow">pep8-naming</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/pydocstyle/" rel="nofollow">pydocstyle</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pre-commit/pygrep-hooks">pygrep-hooks</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/pylint-airflow/" rel="nofollow">pylint-airflow</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/pyupgrade/" rel="nofollow">pyupgrade</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/tryceratops/" rel="nofollow">tryceratops</a></li> <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/yesqa/" rel="nofollow">yesqa</a></li> </ul> <p dir="auto">For a complete enumeration of the supported rules, see <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/" rel="nofollow"><em>Rules</em></a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Contributing<a id="user-content-contributing"></a></h2><a id="user-content-contributing" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Contributing" href="#contributing"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Contributions are welcome and highly appreciated. To get started, check out the <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/contributing/" rel="nofollow"><strong>contributing guidelines</strong></a>.</p> <p dir="auto">You can also join us on <a href="https://discord.com/invite/astral-sh" rel="nofollow"><strong>Discord</strong></a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Support<a id="user-content-support"></a></h2><a id="user-content-support" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Support" href="#support"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Having trouble? Check out the existing issues on <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues"><strong>GitHub</strong></a>, or feel free to <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/new"><strong>open a new one</strong></a>.</p> <p dir="auto">You can also ask for help on <a href="https://discord.com/invite/astral-sh" rel="nofollow"><strong>Discord</strong></a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Acknowledgements<a id="user-content-acknowledgements"></a></h2><a id="user-content-acknowledgements" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Acknowledgements" href="#acknowledgements"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Ruff's linter draws on both the APIs and implementation details of many other tools in the Python ecosystem, especially <a href="https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8">Flake8</a>, <a href="https://github.com/PyCQA/pyflakes">Pyflakes</a>, <a href="https://github.com/PyCQA/pycodestyle">pycodestyle</a>, <a href="https://github.com/PyCQA/pydocstyle">pydocstyle</a>, <a href="https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade">pyupgrade</a>, and <a href="https://github.com/PyCQA/isort">isort</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">In some cases, Ruff includes a "direct" Rust port of the corresponding tool. We're grateful to the maintainers of these tools for their work, and for all the value they've provided to the Python community.</p> <p dir="auto">Ruff's formatter is built on a fork of Rome's <a href="https://github.com/rome/tools/tree/main/crates/rome_formatter"><code>rome_formatter</code></a>, and again draws on both API and implementation details from <a href="https://github.com/rome/tools">Rome</a>, <a href="https://github.com/prettier/prettier">Prettier</a>, and <a href="https://github.com/psf/black">Black</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Ruff's import resolver is based on the import resolution algorithm from <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/pyright">Pyright</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Ruff is also influenced by a number of tools outside the Python ecosystem, like <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy">Clippy</a> and <a href="https://github.com/eslint/eslint">ESLint</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Ruff is the beneficiary of a large number of <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/graphs/contributors">contributors</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Ruff is released under the MIT license.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Who's Using Ruff?<a id="user-content-whos-using-ruff"></a></h2><a id="user-content-whos-using-ruff" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Who's Using Ruff?" href="#whos-using-ruff"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Ruff is used by a number of major open-source projects and companies, including:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations">Albumentations</a></li> <li>Amazon (<a href="https://github.com/aws/serverless-application-model">AWS SAM</a>)</li> <li>Anthropic (<a href="https://github.com/anthropics/anthropic-sdk-python">Python SDK</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/airflow">Apache Airflow</a></li> <li>AstraZeneca (<a href="https://github.com/AstraZeneca/magnus-core">Magnus</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/python-babel/babel">Babel</a></li> <li>Benchling (<a href="https://github.com/benchling/refac">Refac</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/bokeh/bokeh">Bokeh</a></li> <li>CrowdCent (<a href="https://github.com/crowdcent/numerblox">NumerBlox</a>) </li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pyca/cryptography">Cryptography (PyCA)</a></li> <li>CERN (<a href="https://getindico.io/" rel="nofollow">Indico</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/iterative/dvc">DVC</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/dagger/dagger">Dagger</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/dagster-io/dagster">Dagster</a></li> <li>Databricks (<a href="https://github.com/mlflow/mlflow">MLflow</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/langgenius/dify">Dify</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi">FastAPI</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/godotengine/godot">Godot</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio">Gradio</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/great-expectations/great_expectations">Great Expectations</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/encode/httpx">HTTPX</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pypa/hatch">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/home-assistant/core">Home Assistant</a></li> <li>Hugging Face (<a href="https://github.com/huggingface/transformers">Transformers</a>, <a href="https://github.com/huggingface/datasets">Datasets</a>, <a href="https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers">Diffusers</a>)</li> <li>IBM (<a href="https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit">Qiskit</a>)</li> <li>ING Bank (<a href="https://github.com/ing-bank/popmon">popmon</a>, <a href="https://github.com/ing-bank/probatus">probatus</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/ibis-project/ibis">Ibis</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/unifyai/ivy">ivy</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/jax-ml/jax">JAX</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyter_server">Jupyter</a></li> <li><a href="https://kraken.tech/" rel="nofollow">Kraken Tech</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/hwchase17/langchain">LangChain</a></li> <li><a href="https://litestar.dev/" rel="nofollow">Litestar</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/jerryjliu/llama_index">LlamaIndex</a></li> <li>Matrix (<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse">Synapse</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/oxsecurity/megalinter">MegaLinter</a></li> <li>Meltano (<a href="https://github.com/meltano/meltano">Meltano CLI</a>, <a href="https://github.com/meltano/sdk">Singer SDK</a>)</li> <li>Microsoft (<a href="https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-kernel">Semantic Kernel</a>, <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/onnxruntime">ONNX Runtime</a>, <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM">LightGBM</a>)</li> <li>Modern Treasury (<a href="https://github.com/Modern-Treasury/modern-treasury-python">Python SDK</a>)</li> <li>Mozilla (<a href="https://github.com/mozilla/gecko-dev">Firefox</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/python/mypy">Mypy</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/nautobot/nautobot">Nautobot</a></li> <li>Netflix (<a href="https://github.com/Netflix/dispatch">Dispatch</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/neondatabase/neon">Neon</a></li> <li><a href="https://nokia.com/" rel="nofollow">Nokia</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/nonebot/nonebot2">NoneBot</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pyro-ppl/numpyro">NumPyro</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx">ONNX</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/OpenBB-finance/OpenBBTerminal">OpenBB</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/Open-Wine-Components/umu-launcher">Open Wine Components</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pdm-project/pdm">PDM</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle">PaddlePaddle</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas">Pandas</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow">Pillow</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pola-rs/polars">Polars</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/PostHog/posthog">PostHog</a></li> <li>Prefect (<a href="https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect">Python SDK</a>, <a href="https://github.com/PrefectHQ/marvin">Marvin</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller">PyInstaller</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pymc-devs/pymc/">PyMC</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pymc-labs/pymc-marketing">PyMC-Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest">pytest</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch">PyTorch</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic">Pydantic</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint">Pylint</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pyvista/pyvista">PyVista</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/reflex-dev/reflex">Reflex</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/online-ml/river">River</a></li> <li><a href="https://rippling.com" rel="nofollow">Rippling</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/sansyrox/robyn">Robyn</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/saleor/saleor">Saleor</a></li> <li>Scale AI (<a href="https://github.com/scaleapi/launch-python-client">Launch SDK</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/scipy/scipy">SciPy</a></li> <li>Snowflake (<a href="https://github.com/Snowflake-Labs/snowcli">SnowCLI</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/DLR-RM/stable-baselines3">Stable Baselines3</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/encode/starlette">Starlette</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/streamlit/streamlit">Streamlit</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python">The Algorithms</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/altair-viz/altair">Vega-Altair</a></li> <li>WordPress (<a href="https://github.com/WordPress/openverse">Openverse</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/zenml-io/zenml">ZenML</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/zulip/zulip">Zulip</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pypa/build">build (PyPA)</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel">cibuildwheel (PyPA)</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/delta-io/delta-rs">delta-rs</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/alteryx/featuretools">featuretools</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/mesonbuild/meson-python">meson-python</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/wntrblm/nox">nox</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/pypa/pip">pip</a></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Show Your Support</h3><a id="user-content-show-your-support" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Show Your Support" href="#show-your-support"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">If you're using Ruff, consider adding the Ruff badge to your project's <code>README.md</code>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-text-md notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="[](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff)"><pre><span class="pl-s">[</span><span class="pl-s">![</span>Ruff<span class="pl-s">]</span><span class="pl-s">(</span><span class="pl-corl">https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json</span><span class="pl-s">)]</span><span class="pl-s">(</span><span class="pl-corl">https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff</span><span class="pl-s">)</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">...or <code>README.rst</code>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-text-restructuredtext notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=".. image:: https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json :target: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff :alt: Ruff"><pre>.. <span class="pl-c1">image</span>:: <span class="pl-corl">https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json</span> <span class="pl-ent">:target:</span> <span class="pl-s">https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff</span> <span class="pl-ent">:alt:</span> <span class="pl-s">Ruff</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">...or, as HTML:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-text-html-basic notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="<a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff"><img src="https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json" alt="Ruff" style="max-width:100%;"></a>"><pre><span class="pl-kos"><</span><span class="pl-ent">a</span> <span class="pl-c1">href</span>="<span class="pl-s">https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff</span>"<span class="pl-kos">></span><span class="pl-kos"><</span><span class="pl-ent">img</span> <span class="pl-c1">src</span>="<span class="pl-s">https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json</span>" <span class="pl-c1">alt</span>="<span class="pl-s">Ruff</span>" <span class="pl-c1">style</span>="<span class="pl-s">max-width:100%;</span>"<span class="pl-kos">></span><span class="pl-kos"></</span><span class="pl-ent">a</span><span class="pl-kos">></span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">License<a id="user-content-license"></a></h2><a id="user-content-license" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: License" href="#license"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This repository is licensed under the <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/LICENSE">MIT License</a></p> <div align="center" dir="auto"> <a href="https://astral.sh" rel="nofollow"> <img 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</a> <a href="/topics/rust" title="Topic: rust" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> rust </a> <a href="/topics/styleguide" title="Topic: styleguide" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> styleguide </a> <a href="/topics/static-code-analysis" title="Topic: static-code-analysis" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> static-code-analysis </a> <a href="/topics/style-guide" title="Topic: style-guide" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> style-guide </a> <a href="/topics/linter" title="Topic: linter" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> linter </a> <a href="/topics/static-analysis" title="Topic: static-analysis" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> static-analysis </a> <a href="/topics/python3" title="Topic: python3" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> python3 </a> <a href="/topics/pep8" title="Topic: pep8" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> pep8 </a> <a href="/topics/ruff" title="Topic: ruff" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> ruff </a> <a href="/topics/rustpython" title="Topic: rustpython" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> rustpython </a> </div> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Resources</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a class="Link--muted" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Repository Overview","action":"click","label":"location:sidebar;file:readme"}" href="#readme-ov-file"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book mr-2"> <path d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 0 1 .75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.743 3.743 0 0 1 11.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm7.251 10.324.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 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1-.04-1.016c.162-.191.336-.401.52-.623.62-.748 1.356-1.637 2.166-2.417Zm7.112 4.442c.313-.65.491-1.293.491-1.916v-.001c0-.614-.088-1.045-.23-1.385-.143-.339-.357-.633-.673-.949a3.111 3.111 0 0 0-2.218-.915c-1.092.003-2.165.627-3.226 1.602-.823.755-1.554 1.637-2.228 2.45l-.127.154.562.566a.755.755 0 0 0 1.066.02l.794-.79c1.258-1.258 3.312-1.31 4.594-.032.396.394.792.791 1.173 1.173Z"></path> </svg> Code of conduct </a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Security policy</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="#security-ov-file" class="Link--muted" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Repository Overview","action":"click","label":"location:sidebar;file:security policy"}" > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-law mr-2"> <path d="M8.75.75V2h.985c.304 0 .603.08.867.231l1.29.736c.038.022.08.033.124.033h2.234a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.427l2.111 4.692a.75.75 0 0 1-.154.838l-.53-.53.529.531-.001.002-.002.002-.006.006-.006.005-.01.01-.045.04c-.21.176-.441.327-.686.45C14.556 10.78 13.88 11 13 11a4.498 4.498 0 0 1-2.023-.454 3.544 3.544 0 0 1-.686-.45l-.045-.04-.016-.015-.006-.006-.004-.004v-.001a.75.75 0 0 1-.154-.838L12.178 4.5h-.162c-.305 0-.604-.079-.868-.231l-1.29-.736a.245.245 0 0 0-.124-.033H8.75V13h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.5V3.5h-.984a.245.245 0 0 0-.124.033l-1.289.737c-.265.15-.564.23-.869.23h-.162l2.112 4.692a.75.75 0 0 1-.154.838l-.53-.53.529.531-.001.002-.002.002-.006.006-.016.015-.045.04c-.21.176-.441.327-.686.45C4.556 10.78 3.88 11 3 11a4.498 4.498 0 0 1-2.023-.454 3.544 3.544 0 0 1-.686-.45l-.045-.04-.016-.015-.006-.006-.004-.004v-.001a.75.75 0 0 1-.154-.838L2.178 4.5H1.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.234a.249.249 0 0 0 .125-.033l1.288-.737c.265-.15.564-.23.869-.23h.984V.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Zm2.945 8.477c.285.135.718.273 1.305.273s1.02-.138 1.305-.273L13 6.327Zm-10 0c.285.135.718.273 1.305.273s1.02-.138 1.305-.273L3 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.25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg> <strong>36.9k</strong> stars</a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Watchers</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/astral-sh/ruff/watchers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-eye mr-2"> <path d="M8 2c1.981 0 3.671.992 4.933 2.078 1.27 1.091 2.187 2.345 2.637 3.023a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0 1.798c-.45.678-1.367 1.932-2.637 3.023C11.67 13.008 9.981 14 8 14c-1.981 0-3.671-.992-4.933-2.078C1.797 10.83.88 9.576.43 8.898a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0-1.798c.45-.677 1.367-1.931 2.637-3.022C4.33 2.992 6.019 2 8 2ZM1.679 7.932a.12.12 0 0 0 0 .136c.411.622 1.241 1.75 2.366 2.717C5.176 11.758 6.527 12.5 8 12.5c1.473 0 2.825-.742 3.955-1.715 1.124-.967 1.954-2.096 2.366-2.717a.12.12 0 0 0 0-.136c-.412-.621-1.242-1.75-2.366-2.717C10.824 4.242 9.473 3.5 8 3.5c-1.473 0-2.825.742-3.955 1.715-1.124.967-1.954 2.096-2.366 2.717ZM8 10a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 8 10Z"></path> </svg> <strong>88</strong> watching</a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Forks</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/astral-sh/ruff/forks" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2"> <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> <strong>1.3k</strong> forks</a> </div> <div class="mt-2"> <a class="Link--muted" href="/contact/report-content?content_url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fastral-sh%2Fruff&report=astral-sh+%28user%29"> Report repository </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame"> <a href="/astral-sh/ruff/releases" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link">Releases <span title="353" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">353</span></a></h2> <a class="Link--primary d-flex no-underline" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/astral-sh/ruff/releases/tag/0.11.0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-tag flex-shrink-0 mt-1 color-fg-success"> <path d="M1 7.775V2.75C1 1.784 1.784 1 2.75 1h5.025c.464 0 .91.184 1.238.513l6.25 6.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 2.474l-5.026 5.026a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-2.474 0l-6.25-6.25A1.752 1.752 0 0 1 1 7.775Zm1.5 0c0 .066.026.13.073.177l6.25 6.25a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l5.025-5.025a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.354l-6.25-6.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.177-.073H2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM6 5a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Z"></path> </svg> <div class="ml-2 min-width-0"> <div class="d-flex"> <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target text-bold mr-2" style="max-width: none;">0.11.0</span> <span title="Label: Latest" data-view-component="true" class="Label Label--success flex-shrink-0"> Latest </span> </div> <div class="text-small color-fg-muted"><relative-time datetime="2025-03-14T13:57:37Z" class="no-wrap">Mar 14, 2025</relative-time></div> </div> </a> <div data-view-component="true" class="mt-3"> <a text="small" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/astral-sh/ruff/releases" data-view-component="true" class="Link">+ 352 releases</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row" > <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3"> <a href="/astral-sh/ruff/network/dependents" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link">Used by <span title="87,498" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">87.5k</span></a> </h2> <a class="d-flex flex-items-center" href="/astral-sh/ruff/network/dependents"> <ul class="hx_flex-avatar-stack list-style-none min-width-0"> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar avatar-user" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/490685?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@phalt" /> </li> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/193113786?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@Rifat-Projects" /> </li> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar avatar-user" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/33314057?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@Joonalai" /> </li> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar avatar-user" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/164481851?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@farahmuzaffar" /> </li> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar avatar-user" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/99231288?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@Almaz2312" /> </li> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar avatar-user" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22112139?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@eagurin" /> </li> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar avatar-user" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/160691853?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@swym123" /> </li> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar avatar-user" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/30116125?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@volfpeter" /> </li> </ul> <span class="px-2 text-bold text-small no-wrap"> + 87,490 </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3"> <a href="/astral-sh/ruff/graphs/contributors" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link d-flex flex-items-center">Contributors <span title="610" data-view-component="true" class="Counter ml-1">610</span></a></h2> <include-fragment src="/astral-sh/ruff/contributors_list?count=610&current_repository=ruff&items_to_show=14" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading contributors"> <ul class="list-style-none d-flex flex-wrap mb-n2"> <li class="mb-2 "> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user mr-2" style="width:32px;height:32px;"></div> </li> <li class="mb-2 "> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user mr-2" style="width:32px;height:32px;"></div> </li> <li class="mb-2 "> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user mr-2" style="width:32px;height:32px;"></div> </li> <li class="mb-2 "> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user mr-2" style="width:32px;height:32px;"></div> </li> <li class="mb-2 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