CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> <title>Research Portal | Lancaster University</title><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/portal/resources/style/css/combined/portal.css?stamp=1732775316098" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/portal/resources/style/css/design/main.css?stamp=1732775316098" /><script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/dwr/engine.js?stamp=1732775316098"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/dwr/interface/PureFacade.js?stamp=1732775316098"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/resources/style/lib/prototype.js?stamp=1732775316098"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/resources/style/js/atira.js?stamp=1732775316098"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/resources/style/js/atira_chart.js?stamp=1732775316098"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/dwr/interface/GraphFacade.js?stamp=1732775316098"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js?stamp=1732775316098"></script> <script type="text/javascript">jQuery.noConflict();</script> <script type="text/javascript"> function showEmail(node) { var str = node.className; str = str.replace('#','@'); var email = ''; for (var i=str.length-1;i>=0;i--) { email = email+str.substring(i,i+1); } node.innerHTML=email; window.setTimeout(function() { node.setAttribute('href','mailto:'+email); }) } </script><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta name="description" content="Find out more about Lancaster University's research activities, view details of publications, outputs and awards and make contact with our researchers."> <meta name="keywords" content="lancaster university research output publication researcher centre excellence postgraduate expert project award ref"> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal_extras/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal_extras/css/font-face.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal_extras/css/default.css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="only screen and (min-width: 985px)" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal_extras/css/media-985.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="only screen and (max-width: 768px)" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal_extras/css/media-768.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="only screen and (max-width: 480px)" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal_extras/css/media-480.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="only screen and (max-width: 320px)" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal_extras/css/media-320.css" /> </head><body class="en_GB en ie ie7"> <div class="layout_body"> <div class="layout_navigation">   </div> <div class="layout_header"><div class="header-inner clearfix"> <div id="logo-wrapper"> <a href="http://www.lancs.ac.uk/" id="logo" class="ir"> <img src="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal_extras/images/bg-logo.png" alt="Lancaster University logo" /> </a> </div>   <div class="directory-logo-wrapper"> <div class="directory-logo">  </div> </div>            <div id="footer-additional"> <div id="footer-nav-alt" class="footer-additional-inner"> <div class="footer-additional-item"> <form method="post" action=""> <select name="mobilesubnav"> <option>Research Directory:</option> <option value="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/">Home</option> <option value="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/people/search.html?filter=academic">Researchers</option> <option value="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/organisations/search.html">Departments & Centres</option> <option value="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/search.html?advanced=true&showAdvanced=true">Publications & Outputs</option>  <option value="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/upmprojects/search.html">Projects</option> <option value="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/activities/search.html">Activities</option> <option value="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/datasets/search.html">Datasets</option> </select> </form> </div>  </div>  </div> </div> </div> <nav id="router"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/" title='Link: Home.'><span>Directory Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/people/search.html?filter=academic" title='Link: Researchers'><span>Researchers</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/organisations/search.html" title='Link: Departments'><span>Departments</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/search.html?showAdvanced=true&advanced=true" title='Link: Publications'>Publications</a></li>  <li><a href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/upmprojects/search.html" title='Link: Projects'>Projects</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/activities/search.html" title='Link: Activities'><span>Activities</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/datasets/search.html" title='Link: Datasets'><span>Datasets</span></a></li> </ul> </nav>   </div> <div class="layout_breadcrumb"><a class="portal_link" href="http://www.lancs.ac.uk/"><span>Home</span></a> > <a class="portal_link" href="http://www.lancs.ac.uk/research/"><span>Research</span></a> > Research at Lancaster </div> <div class="layout_middle"> <div class="menu"> <h2>Research</h2> <ul> <li class="menu_selected"><a class="portal_link" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/"><span>Research at Lancaster</span></a> </li> <li><a class="portal_link" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/people/search.html?filter=academic"><span>Researchers</span></a> </li> <li><a class="portal_link" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/organisations/search.html"><span>Departments & Centres</span></a> </li> <li><a class="portal_link" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/search.html"><span>Publications & Outputs</span></a> </li> <li><a class="portal_link" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/search.html"><span>Projects</span></a> </li> <li><a class="portal_link" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/activities/search.html"><span>Activities</span></a> </li> <li><a class="portal_link" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/datasets/search.html"><span>Datasets</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="layout_center"> <div class="layout_content_wide"> <div class="front_search_box"> <div class="front_search_box_content"> <h1>Search Lancaster's definitive research database</h1> <form action="/portal/en/searchall.html"> <p> <input type="text" class="search_field front_search_field" name="searchall" placeholder="Search Lancaster's Research" /> <input type="submit" class="search_button" value="Search" /> </p> </form> </div> </div> <div class="front_columns"> <div class="front_columns_left"> <h2>About</h2> <p>Here you can find out more about Lancaster’s world-class research activities, view details of publications, outputs and awards and make contact with our researchers.</p> </div> <div class="front_columns_right"> <div class="view_container"> <ul class="tabs"> <li><a href="#latest-publications">Latest publications</a></li> <li><a href="#most-downloaded">Popular downloads</a></li> </ul> <div class="tab_container" id="latest-publications"><ol class="portal_list"><li class="portal_list_item"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_short rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_short rendering_contributiontojournal_short"><h2 class="title"><a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/first-search-for-k0e-decays(2d569e06-816e-4edd-a159-d38144777efd).html" class="link"><span>First search for K+ → π0πμe decays</span></a></h2><span>NA 62 Collaboration</span>, <span class="date">31/12/2024</span>, <span class="journal">In: <span>Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics.</span></span> <span class="volume">859</span><p class="type"><span class="type_family">Research output<span class="type_family_sep">: </span></span><span class="type_classification_parent">Contribution to Journal/Magazine<span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span></span><span class="type_classification">Journal article</span><span class="type_classification"><span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span>peer-review</span></p></div></li><li class="portal_list_item"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_short rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_short rendering_contributiontojournal_short"><h2 class="title"><a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/a-statespace-perspective-on-modelling-and-inference-for-online-skill-rating(9737a8a8-1f74-49e1-a6aa-74c6ce3e4f0a).html" class="link"><span>A state-space perspective on modelling and inference for online skill rating</span></a></h2>Duffield, S., <a rel="Person" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/people/stephen-power(caa1842c-89b2-4c33-a17c-ae577e2e8a0c).html" class="link person"><span>Power, S.</span></a> & <a rel="Person" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/people/lorenzo-rimella(81e5f500-8853-4a58-970e-0a8dd4a2bd4e).html" class="link person"><span>Rimella, L.</span></a>, <span class="date">30/11/2024</span>, <span class="journal">In: <span>Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics).</span></span> <span class="volume">73</span>, <span class="journalnumber">5</span>, <span class="pages">p. 1262-1282</span> <span class="numberofpages">21 p.</span><p class="type"><span class="type_family">Research output<span class="type_family_sep">: </span></span><span class="type_classification_parent">Contribution to Journal/Magazine<span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span></span><span class="type_classification">Journal article</span><span class="type_classification"><span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span>peer-review</span></p></div></li><li class="portal_list_item"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_short rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_short rendering_contributiontojournal_short"><h2 class="title"><a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/lunar-nearsidefarside-mare-basalt-asymmetry(658c2c33-22aa-45d6-8773-bf6206790b90).html" class="link"><span>Lunar Nearside‐Farside Mare Basalt Asymmetry: The Combined Role of Global Crustal Thickness Variations and South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) Basin‐Induced Lithospheric Thickening</span></a></h2>Head, J. W., Wang, X., Lark, L. H., <a rel="Person" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/people/lionel-wilson(b3d0ce9e-6fc6-4bc4-93aa-bb916b4548fe).html" class="link person"><span>Wilson, L.</span></a> & Qian, Y., <span class="date">28/11/2024</span>, <span class="journal">In: <span>Geophysical Research Letters.</span></span> <span class="volume">51</span>, <span class="journalnumber">22</span>, e2024GL110510.<p class="type"><span class="type_family">Research output<span class="type_family_sep">: </span></span><span class="type_classification_parent">Contribution to Journal/Magazine<span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span></span><span class="type_classification">Journal article</span><span class="type_classification"><span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span>peer-review</span></p></div></li><li class="portal_list_item"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_short rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_short rendering_contributiontojournal_short"><h2 class="title"><a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/multivariate-analysis-of-raman-spectra-for-discriminating-human-collagens(7ffdb4fa-4108-45c8-98cc-272fc185dc00).html" class="link"><span>Multivariate analysis of Raman spectra for discriminating human collagens: In vitro identification of extracellular matrix collagens produced by an osteosarcoma cell line</span></a></h2>Ingle, I., <a rel="Person" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/people/jemma-kerns(a59ff67d-770e-445b-9d6e-8c1f14bed99a).html" class="link person"><span>Kerns, J.</span></a> & <a rel="Person" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/people/rebecca-shepherd(b5900b5a-561e-4184-896e-2b4f3ba803b5).html" class="link person"><span>Shepherd, R.</span></a>, <span class="date">28/11/2024</span>, <span class="journal">In: <span>Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy.</span></span> 125434.<p class="type"><span class="type_family">Research output<span class="type_family_sep">: </span></span><span class="type_classification_parent">Contribution to Journal/Magazine<span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span></span><span class="type_classification">Journal article</span><span class="type_classification"><span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span>peer-review</span></p></div></li><li class="portal_list_item"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_short rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_short rendering_contributiontojournal_short"><h2 class="title"><a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/policy-influence-2024(fe2d9c5f-d8d5-47e0-8875-e83a168a5c4e).html" class="link"><span>Policy influence 2024: Building societal impact at Plants, People, Planet</span></a></h2>Hiscock, S., <a rel="Person" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/people/sarah-lennon(c7d5e83d-1bca-4486-840a-735d3dabb864).html" class="link person"><span>Lennon, S.</span></a> & <a rel="Person" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/people/bennett-young(440217f0-6e7e-4046-baad-256ea18ee059).html" class="link person"><span>Young, B.</span></a>, <span class="date">27/11/2024</span>, (E-pub ahead of print) <span class="journal">In: <span>Plants, People, Planet.</span></span><p class="type"><span class="type_family">Research output<span class="type_family_sep">: </span></span><span class="type_classification_parent">Contribution to Journal/Magazine<span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span></span><span class="type_classification">Editorial</span><span class="type_classification"><span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span>peer-review</span></p></div></li><li class="portal_list_item"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_short rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_short rendering_contributiontojournal_short"><h2 class="title"><a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/exploring-adolescents-and-stakeholders-perceptions-of-online-and-schoolbased-mental-health-provision(3ca10146-1fbb-4c48-8a98-01495b417641).html" class="link"><span>Exploring adolescents' and stakeholders' perceptions of online and school‐based mental health provision</span></a></h2>Bell, B. T., Fox, L., Salhi, L. & <a rel="Person" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/people/dan-fitton(a6bd5416-3a9c-415e-ba9b-07e980c1c4e6).html" class="link person"><span>Fitton, D.</span></a>, <span class="date">27/11/2024</span>, (E-pub ahead of print) <span class="journal">In: <span>JCPP Advances.</span></span> e12288.<p class="type"><span class="type_family">Research output<span class="type_family_sep">: </span></span><span class="type_classification_parent">Contribution to Journal/Magazine<span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span></span><span class="type_classification">Journal article</span><span class="type_classification"><span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span>peer-review</span></p></div></li></ol> <p><a class="portal_link" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/search.html?ordering=researchOutputOrderByPublicationYear&list=true&descending=true"><span>View all » </span></a></p> </div> <div class="tab_container" id="most-downloaded"><ol class="portal_list"><li class="portal_list_item"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_compact rendering_researchoutput rendering_compact rendering_researchoutput_compact"><h2 class="title"><a rel="BookAnthology" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/changing-infrastructures-measuring-sociospatial-inclusionexclusion(5bb0c99c-d77d-46c8-9e98-1104e61ed9e4).html" class="link"><span>Changing infrastructures, measuring socio-spatial inclusion/exclusion: final report to the Department for Transport</span></a></h2><p class="type"><span class="type_family">Research output<span class="type_family_sep">: </span></span><span class="type_classification_parent">Book/Report/Proceedings<span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span></span><span class="type_classification">Commissioned report</span></p></div></li><li class="portal_list_item"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_compact rendering_researchoutput rendering_compact rendering_researchoutput_compact"><h2 class="title"><a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/childhood-malnutrition-and-its-determinants-among-underfive-children-in-ghana(082603ae-41d5-4369-a7e6-c0dfeee04254).html" class="link"><span>Childhood malnutrition and its determinants among under-five children in Ghana</span></a></h2><p class="type"><span class="type_family">Research output<span class="type_family_sep">: </span></span><span class="type_classification_parent">Contribution to Journal/Magazine<span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span></span><span class="type_classification">Journal article</span><span class="type_classification"><span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span>peer-review</span></p></div></li><li class="portal_list_item"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_compact rendering_researchoutput rendering_compact rendering_researchoutput_compact"><h2 class="title"><a rel="WorkingPaper" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/nazi-propaganda-in-the-second-world-war(ab5ce4af-2740-4da6-a66e-36bd4a675031).html" class="link"><span>Nazi propaganda in the Second World War.</span></a></h2><p class="type"><span class="type_family">Research output<span class="type_family_sep">: </span></span><span class="type_classification_parent">Working paper<span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span></span><span class="type_classification">Other</span></p></div></li><li class="portal_list_item"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_compact rendering_researchoutput rendering_compact rendering_researchoutput_compact"><h2 class="title"><a rel="ContributionToBookAnthology" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/back-to-the-future(27f96606-5899-4ed6-9e42-d3c4ffb42f42).html" class="link"><span>Back to the future: 10 years of design fiction</span></a></h2><p class="type"><span class="type_family">Research output<span class="type_family_sep">: </span></span><span class="type_classification_parent">Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN<span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span></span><span class="type_classification">Conference contribution/Paper</span><span class="type_classification"><span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span>peer-review</span></p></div></li><li class="portal_list_item"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_compact rendering_researchoutput rendering_compact rendering_researchoutput_compact"><h2 class="title"><a rel="OtherContribution" href="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/reading-comprehension-nature-assessment-and-teaching(cd04d17d-cbaf-43e2-8875-4e9371995199).html" class="link"><span>Reading comprehension: nature, assessment and teaching.</span></a></h2><p class="type"><span class="type_family">Research output<span class="type_family_sep">: </span></span><span class="type_classification_parent">Other contribution</span></p></div></li></ol> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> /* TABS */ jQuery(document).ready(function($) { var tabs = $('div.tab_container'); $('ul.tabs li a').click(function() { tabs.hide(); tabs.filter(this.hash).show(); $('ul.tabs li').removeClass('selected'); $(this).parent().addClass('selected'); return false; }).filter(':first').click(); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout_footer"> <div id="footer-level1"> <div class="footer-inner clearfix"> <div id="footer-nav" class="footer-item clearfix"> <ul class='t14px'> <li> <a title='Link: Home' href='http://www.lancs.ac.uk/'>Home</a> </li> <li> <a title='Link: Study' href='http://www.lancs.ac.uk/study/'>Study</a> </li> <li class="current"> <a title='Link: Research' href='http://www.lancs.ac.uk/research/'>Research</a> </li> <li> <a title='Link: Collaborate' href='http://www.lancs.ac.uk/collaborate/'>Collaborate</a> </li> <li> <a title='Link: Global' href='http://www.lancs.ac.uk/global/'>Global</a> </li> <li> <a title='Link: Alumni' href='http://www.lancs.ac.uk/alumni/'>Alumni</a> </li> </ul> </div>  <div id="footer-quicklinks" class="footer-item clearfix"> <h4 class="t15px">Quick Links</h4> <ul id='footer-quicklinks-left' class='t11px'> <li><a title='Link: Undergraduate Degrees' href='http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/'>Undergraduate Degrees</a></li> <li><a title='Link: Postgraduate Study' href='http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/'>Postgraduate Study</a></li> <li><a title='Link: University Open Days' href='http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/study/visit-days-and-campus-tours/'>University Open Days</a></li> <li><a title='Link: Conference Facilities' href='http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/conferences/welcome/'>Conference Facilities</a></li> <li><a title='Link: International Students' href='http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/study/international-students/'>International Students</a></li> <li><a title='Link: University Academics' href='https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/people/search.html?filter=academic'>University Academics</a></li> <li><a title='Link: Research Collaboration' href='http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/business/'>Research Collaboration</a></li> <li><a title='Link: Current Students' href='http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/current-students/'>Current Students</a></li> </ul> <ul id='footer-quicklinks-right' class='t11px'> <li><a title='Link: Job Vacancies' href='http://hr-jobs.lancs.ac.uk/'>Job Vacancies</a></li> <li><a title='Link: Library' href='http://libweb.lancs.ac.uk/'>Library</a></li> <li><a title='Link: Online Payments' href='http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/online-payments/'>Online Payments</a></li> <li><a title='Link: Students’ Union' href='http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/study/life-at-lancaster/studentsunion/'>Students’ Union</a></li> <li><a title='Link: A-Z index' href='http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/a-z/'>A-Z index</a></li> <li><a title='Link: Term Dates' href='http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/about-us/term-dates/'>Term Dates</a></li> <li><a title='Link: Sitemap' href='http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/sitemap/'>Sitemap</a></li> <li><a title='Link: Student Portal' href='http://portal.lancs.ac.uk/'>Student Portal</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div id="footer-connect" class="footer-item clearfix"> <h4 class="t15px">Connect With Us</h4> <ul class="t11px clearafter"> <li id="connect-facebook"><a title="External Link: Facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/lancasteruniversity/" target="_blank"><span class="btn-sf ir">Like Us</span><span>Facebook</span></a></li> <li id="connect-twitter"><a title="External Link: Twitter" href="https://www.twitter.com/LancasterUni" target="_blank"><span class="btn-sf ir">Follow Us</span><span>Twitter</span></a></li> <li id="connect-studentroom"><a title="External Link: The Student Room" href="http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/forumdisplay.php?f=157" target="_blank"><span class="btn-sf ir">Get Involved</span><span>The Student Room</span></a></li> <li id="connect-instagram"><a title="External Link: Instagram" href="http://instagram.com/lancasteruni/" target="_blank"><span class="btn-sf ir">Find us</span><span>Instagram</span></a></li> <li id="connect-youtube"><a title="External Link: YouTube" href="http://www.youtube.com/lancasteruniversity/" target="_blank"><span class="btn-sf ir">View our videos</span><span>YouTube</span></a></li> <li id="connect-google"><a title="External Link: Google+" href="https://plus.google.com/+lancasteruniversity/" target="_blank"><span class="btn-sf ir">Find us</span><span>Google+</span></a></li> <li id="connect-foursquare"><a title="External Link: Foursquare" href="https://foursquare.com/lancasteruni" target="_blank"><span class="btn-sf ir">Find us</span><span>Foursquare</span></a></li> <li id="connect-linkedin"><a title="External Link: LinkedIn" href="http://www.linkedin.com/edu/school?id=12603&trk=tyah" target="_blank"><span class="btn-sf ir">Find us</span><span>LinkedIn</span></a></li> <li id="connect-weibo"><a title="External Link: Weibo" href="http://e.weibo.com/lancasteruni" target="_blank"><span class="btn-sf ir">Find us</span><span>Weibo</span></a></li> </ul> </div>  <div class="footer-group"> <div id="footer-fandd" class="footer-item clearfix"> <h4 class="t15px"><a href="http://www.lancs.ac.uk/faculties-and-departments/" title="Link: Faculties & Departments">Faculties & Depts</a></h4> <ul class="t11px"> <li><a href="http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fass/faculty/" title="Link: Arts & Social Sciences">Arts & Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.lancs.ac.uk/shm/" title="Link: Health & Medicine">Health & Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.lums.lancs.ac.uk/" title="Link: Management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.lancs.ac.uk/sci-tech/" title="Link: Science & Technology">Science & Technology</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.lancs.ac.uk/faculties-and-departments/" title="Link: Departments, Institutes & Centres">Departments, Institutes & Centres</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div id="footer-contact" class="footer-item clearfix" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CollegeOrUniversity"> <h4 class="t15px"><a href="http://www.lancs.ac.uk/contact-and-getting-here/" title="Link: Contact Us">Contact Us</a></h4> <address itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PostalAddress" class="t11px"> <span itemprop="name">Lancaster University</span> <span itemprop="streetAddress">Bailrigg</span> <span itemprop="addressLocality">Lancaster</span> <span itemprop="addressCountry">United Kingdom</span> <span itemprop="postalCode">LA1 4YW</span> </address> <ul class="t11px"> <li itemprop="telephone">+44 (0)1524 65201</li> </ul> </div>  </div>  </div>  </div>  <div id="footer-level2"> <div class="footer-inner clearfix"> <ul id="terms"> <li><a href="http://www.lancs.ac.uk/users/lancaster/web/disclaim.htm" title="Link: Legal notice">Legal notice</a></li> <li><a href="https://foi.lancs.ac.uk/Pages/default.aspx" title="Link: Freedom of Information">Freedom of Information</a></li> <li><a href="/compliance/privacy/" title="Link: Privacy and Cookies Notice">Privacy and Cookies Notice</a></li> <li><a href=".layout_header" title="Link: Back to top">^ Back to top</a></li> </ul> <ul id="credit"> <li>Copyright © 2006-<time datetime="2012-04-24">2016</time> Lancaster University</li> </ul> </div>  </div>  <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal_extras/js/inc-roundhouse.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* hide stats tab for Physics */ jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery('ul.tabs li').filter(function(){ return (jQuery(this).html().match(/\/(physics)\(.*(statistics)/i)); }).hide(); // Remove "<mark>" and "</mark>" html from the document //document.body.innerHTML = document.body.innerHTML.replace(/<mark>/g, '').replace(/<\/mark>/g, ''); }); /* hide stats tab for all jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery('ul.tabs li').filter(':contains("Statistics")').hide(); }); */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-1580171-4']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Alternative solution to remove "<mark>" and "</mark>" html from the document if(window.location.pathname.indexOf('publications') >= 0) { var x = document.getElementsByTagName("th"); var i; for (i = 0; i < x.length; i++) { x[i].textContent=x[i].textContent.replace('<mark>', ''); x[i].textContent=x[i].textContent.replace('</mark>', ''); } } </script>  </div> </div></body></html>