CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '912d3af17971f8d0',cH: 'Io6u0W5tQnvjENnEh2jc_BK5DufQwj3izzdOYPf3BX8-1739705684-1.2.1.1-augB_IXey7pvhKtEUtSSjCKYNNoH6ORQUoNbeIWI5u6dhfgPybB.p_qTqpkV5u.g',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=damage%20indicator&__cf_chl_tk=BpPCSOYYBYlnaa7krFXVjHw1KuF7LBL1ilJWc4DW6.s-1739705684-1.0.1.1-3PyDiuR0xAeQs3epdjaVxjaplsurPRQaYaLe7ObkAS0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739705684',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=damage%20indicator&__cf_chl_f_tk=BpPCSOYYBYlnaa7krFXVjHw1KuF7LBL1ilJWc4DW6.s-1739705684-1.0.1.1-3PyDiuR0xAeQs3epdjaVxjaplsurPRQaYaLe7ObkAS0",md: "DdKHrWlhq4ulDhslQiTI.FUu1YzaJ81a0pC89hNP37o-1739705684-1.2.1.1-XNf01e4euugFATxEL0p8L0Zh2YnpJOrAZWNGAvv7.S2lqIrJ8KMR4x3CJGpWmkkdRXlDBLHJR5BAjQc0__j5f.Vy3VSjmK5yd5moZkCEZ3tCmQrSG1x9ulin_cY0vcL2qiRyyNbiEtBfFIKTc55VC7.IvBpN9SWixQeedqvbo61u7Mer_.n8R0Ck7IJJTml9OXUXaqqXsTYojKjGQ64q.Tixr28rMCpz6GCUpBS6EqX8ocsrd59JSoWc2qP8c2.0UQ23PnxSkkrz6.CMD6WzUzB9U21h4hmpMW_Vs9svEZweeKsRU052G8jqpksr3l_Qj_c9VvDWujlJOpqgpQ7oNpC.g9AWqthWABunLv9oLAYzklEGG3L2lGKGxfahvu_dYmXgpUvoklnQ84OKxOlAmWXRxmhJ_Sx3Q6fUABfgEdBvVCRZyFyj_Hri6PviGIjKIe5HmW6vBEi7UqhUmVqxhYbYuZROfmTthIrgRzApmw4Ao3mXv1EEBuCbMFZQXn.UF5PA7OzpxKXfNvNcGbr1gA7XVUM7T_PHdO53O1wM_RbPaYU1O3f00txtLLmTDys1RRfjXAd6tBob6hQGGL29GRubnRFZLTarbgljhjEXCYnkz8PMwlDZrFYXV1gP8Y3Vmq7tCDkJyRw2pX2UwiN7C.2ff4zFAGATvidpJ7aNk2IsihdC5iXMGDCm3EM1DbIS4eQyC5VyyOUmMaXWCvHgTR8EXL4sA118fT.NHWaAPYGXVEawSpxf.P7Y2rMadYiZQlmqRks0ErHYnzHNsBi40QFS0TUiOyh02Ns4_GmQYujaUe_LIzXLkftsR1oZlHD4p.8zO0qwZRKeYkWnBTetZIHLCih.sS0mlUgogNKcyOrHHpUUKpdhGmi5gKSGuTx22C434V5lKbbVauPKz4dWxgMlJ04ngZkyzseSgoFR9pQrkovQQU3cXSQm8iNuGy6.Z_DCJjyOlBtrvQJhPGG5CJbturWFcwqw0B4.rW4RNiRPohgMrgr87XTXn0ZnNAeG28htDGGMhl1inj0glY3.nHEsjEbrApZh7uKhISmYG0mRkzQ783ORxrebAM9BXrrbMBrq2f76MhcZlTZ0qTA3ovXBc1E6OnZ.cBGZxYCiocT9mBt3cgK.hRhvO01OJ7DUTp7sJyqxsTxIej3ROsQ_8kqjmxl5lBUYP4xkidBzZYbWggaabmXcGiy3WQ__v1LRzb5hknnqwInO4CYUZRuUv8LGXcq_fC7aG7h5jXu6mQVGm8VwmHu0Yin2dZALch_vw4Se1c9n2slUkQugOq01jcntqwtTUCIPx2DT7UtbYTccZdptXh4L7neNvWnd9x6pZNg1y1qi0.vkoBEDwkMHPgtcVbk73nx6pvYrz7vjXxcQp0kdZX.736RqohSgnlWGt0uxy2Vw0wceTtkras3lNRGrPTC3Nd.GfJE0ZtoB47CebThGJeacYzjSv9ZIBpFfSS8qGLsdQOXgqSzRV6seV8rhosNSNZtpEuGTUZdnlC0Ug5LKG3kvczWHIbFXkYs3M4a69cwRcDN8HLYCCU6nCMbJ1jzV0j_b.2yXOidf3NFwO7s74EFR_WGEyggbn2UYnJwfvOSQFVzHOtodaKll2cM0YfT4rvpBSqPFE2iUBOG2zbQbO7_RJcHqILmYTRZdjMxBrG.p37S5wp78Q8gaNfSksrFb9G41Cj3WbUTqX1Tr0UnRTBxjLKZrqp4q52yDZShGxWShqts0hTUci272EOkicp_pyT.ImH_cB1iCpDeHPw_xwc4vu8hdxq20tfwbmheTCzcmlzUn0HpMiaxCVh708KifyLI3JMmk8mJM4Mcpg9XMDSqHy_J0DHF2OaYJyNe..6qDb2jdAt.SJd9QMGTNJhq4nfQq.31oDisCz_vOLtOL3zFBKPsJ98t_2KD.PZdgmM598EpMXY9zIVHgfmIgl36pvWf1T5i.KFG_zIQ",mdrd: "Hu6D4WeNEwkkD9tb__jtkUOu0v94urExVPn1rqpd9Fc-1739705684-1.2.1.1-Kga6dp.xt_Ho8PAywta6gz2vM7F8Cv33YaR.a7j_n3NnWEZMlVa3FSuwaWarskp4EdhVkUbuGQ0zXo9pC8eNybrCkHu6L.dxknk5jYWxYbZ69am15D0v6z2iw1nTaolh_q9WhqBz1VG0UwPM4lRc88LAjYQAQS3egsw8LYTwMtujSEAW6nNjU1T4D3GYG2wgYPYIiGv2VevY7hJ4VkloXj73qWQ4s11HlNUABSZhTXeCTjcKlmSj_Cxw6ddlDAzcefUtYP3qJ0lGVRLnltL2Q8YReBj.iKd_9s5cajg.YMJUc6naGEhJZ4F6ICij_Z.EVm0kafaHch4b2PVyM_kLt6Hzk3tIQ9a5xSUx5rZFjBKqLCyzo_hiiYt2gBb06m5QQgcuEKA6VwyILOxR7LJp0gbziH29y4lpyCax2LQkHsIZqe3mviJm7cA9AlwRnjT8DWKtVgk0C6ON8vDKi2.CRd4gUduMeJbDI5SJ1xEZYRLKehJzcjU6XfcM5wHprfLYlUCMeb3CiL1VWDQ4GefFIfhned3aT6dCQlxKCX6pnUwCojNQfZ3.JocLrcuyaUujeo3PWDAQgvOKkpFAk7p_Zru7B9_0yrGkWu0H0yGQHuZ0yiENhiXDjqrSyNUHFPPVCoD9S4UuEyddDLvNZorBMA9kRcj6ZcJJCDxN6od8hvI9zY8FFkP0fF0Si3e2ltnQvO0U3uyGvq6D3hzDrwfn0Byx7fNBrJZduk9ugOvVzkhlvlf.XrV9obdSN94UhXLdw97uU7UdsxiQhRIOy9XzNz9dCZBXKfdTyb3kQLGYdTOym.ZrrRrbMTsk_k70kpyUD5TUvn5pprW9QEEZbJQRW598kCBzQbDTwnnwE7n.8U9WKTyKrkskG0nU2TMj_Rv6NDbr9JRxpklnQzKlUliZ4CqhQg8b9vjhFvbKmxZUcor_TuzXbTDKkG.qcn4Rm_GeILgmm1Pk61LDTTfO4yG5fss5XnVSs1f2wi5gP_VgUf12wxGHLq70JsgP_HC7xq1lMIr9xsnlpWBGCRmnm33alq47tFYdUImqxUbs74EFBiDH41DJ8U_k8jd94S2rHxPhoUOAGj8Rse.gPMjr0qlfilTcab_PZk8zUoXZKB1zoVAnh8l90286gD83WYzLXJkKEtVqW0aceJqYZ4gRXmvasRWK5bbwhApaGw92kfXf7z_a2deJ7WVAMDDcujw6tbOA7MQOFWNeav3XV2sPUuiNsPUlIiUd9SI_BWbVzOSz.TxNMi_pNWskH1NcsJ90XPh0ZcY5D37LlCKa8u84RS6271HBU51zO1Fg9bygAAfwZW.rFOxsrY0hELZ568ifn0MQt_hu1TlynkRNMQh0AiP1Pb4D_Vd55sWSnj0AdO.xYFGpCgSOU6RiTw0TbmcOvVnnTqt0PiHjaAYz3hX9XX5ZPTAIlew4aQrKyNqxSURPTpfaELuxW.L3kc5rCocN8kehAyhgtl7bCsIGXkzhFi1.9je4CeCtwMgKCfWR4t.veic7n.REhohJztNJ.kh_s2_AwKljU7.mPFvPzm3s2lXXE9kKJOzxJky5H0Wn88GXldlVT7PIckRcfTikzmW3o35wxqoEX3_6kQM.jFSJbn0nuhoWkztLYFBay.xgFm_luRGvJQZKAdNmkKFGbT03Vli9EbkcX9UyUoMGE79ZHCw54hZqgDWfb2zxUtwFhkBNL3KkQR6tNNB32jR5EzUtyKe0NL.A4hc8jTpXRjqZSIIzMURqc59e24u5gyf77KSBuBsl3W3is34.DHsIafKF5TIyhT5Ynd302fUGfYNJHLXWH8HKjDyVt6mFXMyP0HWA8KlKDmOGYgRSQiNEUSfw4p9f5x.jrwcguHypYq9DOFXfhR_dH7yMJj9cDGuDOxWK7oN4s8q3i2PAX49656c0B0yEy_asFiKDoGuPeYCJVlKynWHmoqS5dve9NljZugUR2IQZ5ChXzAhMT.ZPMqcvptaA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=912d3af17971f8d0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=damage%20indicator&__cf_chl_rt_tk=BpPCSOYYBYlnaa7krFXVjHw1KuF7LBL1ilJWc4DW6.s-1739705684-1.0.1.1-3PyDiuR0xAeQs3epdjaVxjaplsurPRQaYaLe7ObkAS0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>