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Spaceflight mission report: STS-73
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//SoftQuad//DTD HoTMetaL PRO 4.0::19971010::extensions to HTML 4.0//EN" "hmpro4.dtd"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Spaceflight mission report: STS-73</TITLE> <META NAME="author" CONTENT="Joachim Becker"> <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="STS-73, astronaut, Space Shuttle, spaceflight, spacecraft, United States Microgravity Laboratory-2, USML-2"> <META NAME="description" CONTENT="Spaceflight mission report: STS-73"> <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="text.css"> <STYLE TYPE="text/css"> body { margin-left:10px; margin-right:10px; margin-top:10px; margin-bottom:10px } </STYLE> <SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript" TYPE="text/javascript" SRC="button.js"></SCRIPT> </HEAD> <BODY BACKGROUND="../patches/wall.gif" BGPROPERTIES="FIXED"> <DIV STYLE="width: 950px"> <P></P> <DIV ALIGN="center"> <H3>Human Spaceflights</H3></DIV> <P><IMG SRC="../patches/line_4.jpg" WIDTH="97%" HEIGHT="5"></P> <TABLE WIDTH="97%"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="85%" ROWSPAN="3" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <H3>International Flight No. 180</H3> <H1><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Space Transportation System (STS) was a proposed system of reusable manned space vehicles (Space Shuttle). Six orbiters were built for flight: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, Endeavour and Enterprise. They had a length of 122 ft 2 in (37.24 m), a height of 58.58 ft (17.25 m) and a wingspan of 78 ft 6 in (23.79 m). The empty weight was for the first built orbiter 151,205 lb (68,585 kg).')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">STS</A>-73</H1> <H2>Columbia (18)</H2> <H3>72<SUP>nd</SUP> Space Shuttle mission</H3> <H1>USA</H1><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="200" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0" ALT="USA"></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="../p_large/english/sts-73.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../patches/sts-73.png" TITLE="Patch STS-73" WIDTH="291" HEIGHT="297" BORDER="0" ALT="Patch STS-73"></A></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="../../groups/p_large/english/pay-15.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../groups/patches/pay-15.png" TITLE="Patch USML-2" WIDTH="375" HEIGHT="247" BORDER="0" ALT="Patch USML-2"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> <P><A HREF="../patches_hi/sts-73.jpg" TARGET="wall" STYLE="text-decoration:none">hi res version (833 KB)</A></P></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> <P><A HREF="../../groups/patches_hi/usml-2.jpg" TARGET="wall" STYLE="text-decoration:none">hi res version (767 KB)</A></P> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> </TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> <P><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Source: </FONT><A HREF="http://www.spacepatches.nl" TARGET="new window">www.spacepatches.nl</A></FONT></P></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P><IMG SRC="../patches/line_4.jpg" WIDTH="97%" HEIGHT="5"></P> <P></P> <H3>Launch, orbit and landing data</H3> <TABLE WIDTH="97%"> <TR> <TD VALIGN="TOP" ROWSPAN="4"> <TABLE WIDTH="396" BORDER="4" BGCOLOR="#80FF80" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B>Launch date:</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="217"> 20.10.1995</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B>Launch time:</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="217"> 13:53:00.013 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B>Launch site:</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="217" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Cape Canaveral (<A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Kennedy Space Center')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">KSC</A>)</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B><A HREF="../../maps/english/39-b.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=1200,left=10,top=10')" STYLE="text-decoration:none">Launch pad:</A></B></TD> <TD WIDTH="217"> 39-B</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B>Altitude:</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="217"> 241 - 241 km</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B>Inclination:</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="217"> 39.0°</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><B>Landing date:</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="217"> 05.11.1995</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B>Landing time:</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="217"> 11:45:20.797 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B><A HREF="../../maps/english/ksc_landing.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=1200,left=10,top=10')" STYLE="text-decoration:none">Landing site:</A></B></TD> <TD WIDTH="217"> Cape Canaveral (<A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Kennedy Space Center')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">KSC</A>)</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B>Landing speed:</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="217"> 393 km/h</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B>Landing rollout:</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="217"> 2,779 m</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B>Vehicle weight at liftoff:</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="217" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 2,050,936 kg</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B>Orbiter weight at liftoff:</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="217"> 116,647 kg</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><B>Orbiter weight at landing:</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="217"> 104,401 kg</TD> </TR> </TABLE> <H3><A HREF="../../graph/walkout/page/english/sts-73.htm" TARGET="wall" STYLE="text-decoration:none">walkout photo</A></H3></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT"><A HREF="../large/english/sts-73.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../photo/sts-73.jpg" TITLE="Crew STS-73" WIDTH="327" HEIGHT="262" BORDER="0" ALT="Crew STS-73"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT"> <P><A HREF="../photo_hi/sts-73.jpg" TARGET="wall">hi res version (910 KB)</A></P></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT"> <H3><A HREF="../alternate/large/english/sts-73_1.htm" TARGET="wall" STYLE="text-decoration:none">alternative crew photo</A></H3></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT"> <H3><A HREF="../alternate/large/english/sts-73_2.htm" TARGET="wall" STYLE="text-decoration:none">alternative crew photo</A></H3></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P></P> <H3>Crew</H3> <TABLE BORDER="4" BGCOLOR="#80FF80" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR BGCOLOR="#33CC33"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>No.</B></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" WIDTH="58"> </TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><B>Surname</B></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><B>Given names</B></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><B>Position</B></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><B>Flight No.</B></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><B>Duration</B></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" HEIGHT="29"><B>Orbits</B></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>1</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/bowersox_kenneth.htm" TARGET="wall">Bowersox</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Kenneth Dwane "Sox"</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Commander')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">CDR</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">3</TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">15d 21h 52m 21s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">255 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>2</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/rominger_kent.htm" TARGET="wall">Rominger</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Kent Vernon</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Pilot')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">PLT</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">1</TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">15d 21h 52m 21s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">255 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>3</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/coleman_catherine.htm" TARGET="wall">Coleman</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Catherine Grace "Cady"</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Mission Specialist')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">MS</A>-1, <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Extra Vehicular Activity astronaut = spacewalker')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EV</A>-2</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">1</TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">15d 21h 52m 21s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">255 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>4</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/lopez-alegris_michael.htm" TARGET="wall">Lopez-Alegria</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Michael Eladio "LA"</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Mission Specialist')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">MS</A>-2, <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Extra Vehicular Activity astronaut = spacewalker')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EV</A>1, <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Flight Engineer')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">FE</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">1</TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">15d 21h 52m 21s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">255 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>5</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/thornton_kathryn.htm" TARGET="wall">Thornton</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Kathryn Cordell Ryan</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Mission Specialist')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">MS</A>-3, <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Payload Commander')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">PLC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">4</TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">15d 21h 52m 21s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">255 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>6</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/leslie_fred.htm" TARGET="wall">Leslie</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Fred Weldon</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Payload Specialist')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">PS</A>-1</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">1</TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">15d 21h 52m 21s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">255 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>7</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/sacco_albert.htm" TARGET="wall">Sacco</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Albert, Jr. "Al"</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Payload Specialist')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">PS</A>-2</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">1</TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">15d 21h 52m 21s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">255 </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P></P> <H3 ALIGN="LEFT">Crew seating arrangement</H3> <TABLE> <TR> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <TABLE BORDER="4" BGCOLOR="#80FF80" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR BGCOLOR="#33CC33"> <TD COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="CENTER"><B>Launch</B></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>1</B></TD> <TD> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/bowersox_kenneth.htm" TARGET="wall">Bowersox</A></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>2</B></TD> <TD> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/rominger_kent.htm" TARGET="wall">Rominger</A></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>3</B></TD> <TD> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/coleman_catherine.htm" TARGET="wall">Coleman</A></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>4</B></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/lopez-alegris_michael.htm" TARGET="wall">Lopez-Alegria</A></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>5</B></TD> <TD> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/thornton_kathryn.htm" TARGET="wall">Thornton</A></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>6</B></TD> <TD> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/leslie_fred.htm" TARGET="wall">Leslie</A></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>7</B></TD> <TD> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/sacco_albert.htm" TARGET="wall">Sacco</A></TD> </TR> </TABLE></TD> <TD WIDTH="550"><IMG SRC="../../graph/shuttle.gif" TITLE="Space Shuttle cockpit" WIDTH="543" HEIGHT="243" ALT="Space Shuttle cockpit"></TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <TABLE BORDER="4" BGCOLOR="#80FF80" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR BGCOLOR="#33CC33"> <TD COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="CENTER"><B>Landing</B></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>1</B></TD> <TD> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/bowersox_kenneth.htm" TARGET="wall">Bowersox</A></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>2</B></TD> <TD> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/rominger_kent.htm" TARGET="wall">Rominger</A></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>3</B></TD> <TD> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/thornton_kathryn.htm" TARGET="wall">Thornton</A></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>4</B></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/lopez-alegris_michael.htm" TARGET="wall">Lopez-Alegria</A></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>5</B></TD> <TD> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/coleman_catherine.htm" TARGET="wall">Coleman</A></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>6</B></TD> <TD> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/leslie_fred.htm" TARGET="wall">Leslie</A></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>7</B></TD> <TD> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/sacco_albert.htm" TARGET="wall">Sacco</A></TD> </TR> </TABLE></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P></P> <H3>Backup Crew</H3> <TABLE WIDTH="97%"> <TR> <TD VALIGN="TOP" ROWSPAN="2"> <TABLE BORDER="4" BGCOLOR="#80FF80" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR BGCOLOR="#33CC33"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>No.</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="58" ALIGN="CENTER"> </TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>Surname</B></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>Given names</B></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" HEIGHT="29"><B>Position</B></TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>6</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="58" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/holt_glynn.htm" TARGET="wall">Holt</A></TD> <TD> Ray Glynn</TD> <TD> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Payload Specialist')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">PS</A>-1</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><B>7</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/matthiesen_david.htm" TARGET="wall">Matthiesen</A></TD> <TD> David Henry</TD> <TD> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Payload Specialist')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">PS</A>-2</TD> </TR> </TABLE></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="../large/english/sts-73_2.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../photo/sts-73_2.jpg" TITLE="Crew STS-73 (prime and backup)" WIDTH="325" HEIGHT="269" BORDER="0" ALT="Crew STS-73 (prime and backup)"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"> <P><A HREF="../photo_hi/sts-73_backup.jpg" TARGET="wall">hi res version (1,08 MB)</A></P></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P></P> <H3>Hardware</H3> <TABLE BGCOLOR="#80ff80" BORDER="4" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="396"> <TBODY> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'" BGCOLOR="#80ff80"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B>Orbiter :</B></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> OV-102 (18.)</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Space Shuttle Main Engine')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">SSME</A> (1 / 2 / 3):</B></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 2037 (1.) / 2031 (13.) / 2038 (1.)</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'" BGCOLOR="#80ff80"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) were the pair of large solid rockets used by the United States NASA Space Shuttle during the first two minutes of its powered flight. Together, they provided about 83% of liftoff thrust for the Space Shuttle. They were the white booster engines located on each side of the orange-colored external propellant tank. Each SRB produced 80% more liftoff thrust than one F-1 engine, the most powerful single-chamber liquid-fueled rocket engine ever flown. Each SRB weighs approximately 1,300,000 lb (590,000 kg) at launch. Each SRB had a height of 149.16 feet (45.46 m) and was 12.17 feet (3.71 m) in diameter.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">SRB</A>:</B></TD> <TD> BI-075 / RSRM 50</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'" BGCOLOR="#80ff80"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B>ET:</B></TD> <TD> ET-73 (LWT-67)</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD WIDTH="179"><B><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Space Shuttle Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) is a system of hypergolic liquid-propellant rocket engines used on the Space Shuttle. The OMS consists of two pods mounted on the Orbiters aft fuselage, on either side of the vertical stabilizer. Each pod contains a single AJ10-190 engine, based on the Apollo Service Modules Service Propulsion System engine, which produces 26.7 kilonewtons (6,000 lbf) of thrust with a specific impulse (Isp) of 316 seconds. Each engine could be reused for 100 missions and was capable of a total of 1,000 starts and 15 hours of burn time.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">OMS</A> Pod:</B></TD> <TD> Left Pod 05 (7.) / Right Pod 01 (22.)</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'" BGCOLOR="#80ff80"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" WIDTH="179"><B>FWD <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('A reaction control system (RCS) is a spacecraft system which uses thrusters to provide attitude control, and sometimes translation. An RCS is capable of providing small amounts of thrust in any desired direction or combination of directions. An RCS is also capable of providing torque to allow control of rotation (roll, pitch, and yaw).')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">RCS</A> Pod:</B></TD> <TD> FRC 2 (18.)</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" WIDTH="179"><B><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Operator Remote Manipulator System - RMS')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">RMS</A>:</B></TD> <TD> -</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'" BGCOLOR="#80ff80"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" WIDTH="179"><B><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) is an independent anthropomorphic spacesuit that provides environmental protection, mobility, life support, and communications for astronauts performing extravehicular activity (EVA). The primary life support time for the newest models is up to 8 hours (plus 30 minutes reserve). It consists of a Hard Upper Torso (HUT) assembly, a Primary Life Support System (PLSS) which incorporates the life support and electrical systems, arm sections, gloves, a helmet, the Extravehicular Visor Assembly (EVVA), and a soft Lower Torso Assembly (LTA), incorporating the Body Seal Closure (BSC), waist bearing, brief, legs, and boots.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EMU</A>:</B></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> EMU No. 2032 (PLSS No. 1003) / EMU No. 2034 (PLSS No. 1011)</TD> </TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> <P></P> <H3>Flight</H3> <TABLE WIDTH="97%" BORDER="4" BGCOLOR="#80FF80" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD> <DIV ALIGN="justify">Launch from Cape Canaveral (<A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Kennedy Space Center')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">KSC</A>) and landing on Cape Canaveral (<A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Kennedy Space Center')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">KSC</A>), Runway 33.<BR> <BR>Launch was originally scheduled for September 25, 1995 but endured six scrubbed launch attempts before its October 20, 1995 lift off. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Space Transportation System (STS) was a proposed system of reusable manned space vehicles (Space Shuttle). Six orbiters were built for flight: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, Endeavour and Enterprise. They had a length of 122 ft 2 in (37.24 m), a height of 58.58 ft (17.25 m) and a wingspan of 78 ft 6 in (23.79 m). The empty weight was for the first built orbiter 151,205 lb (68,585 kg).')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">STS</A>-73 and <A HREF="sts-61c.htm" TARGET="wall">STS-61C</A> both carry the distinction of being tied for the most scrubbed launches, each having launched on their seventh attempt.<BR>Liftoff was originally set for September 25, 1995 was scrubbed shortly after tanking began, when a hydrogen leak was detected in main engine No. 1 main fuel valve. The valve was replaced at pad.<BR>Launch was re-set for October 05, 1995, but weather effects due to Hurricane Opal led to L-1 day decision to postpone launch one day to October 06, 1995.<BR>October 06, 1995 launch attempt was scrubbed prior to external tank loading when it was determined that hydraulic fluid had been inadvertently drained from hydraulic system 1 following the main engine No. 1 fuel valve replacement. Compressibility test demonstrated system was satisfactory for launch, and liftoff re-set to occur October 07, 1995.<BR>Launch attempt October 07, 1995 was scrubbed at T-20 seconds when master events controller 1 (MEC 1) failed to operate properly and mission managers determined it needed to be replaced. Launch was reset for October 14, 1995.<BR>Launch was then re-scheduled to October 15, 1995 to allow additional time to inspect the main engine oxidizer ducts as a result of finding a crack in a test engine oxidizer duct at Stennis. Also, during this delay, a faulty general-purpose computer 1 (<A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('General Purpose Computer')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">GPC</A> 1) had to be replaced.<BR>Launch attempt on October 15, 1995 was postponed at T-5 minutes due to low clouds and rain. Launch was tentatively re-set to October 19, 1995 pending a successful Atlas launch October 18, 1995; however, Atlas launch was delayed and <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Space Transportation System (STS) was a proposed system of reusable manned space vehicles (Space Shuttle). Six orbiters were built for flight: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, Endeavour and Enterprise. They had a length of 122 ft 2 in (37.24 m), a height of 58.58 ft (17.25 m) and a wingspan of 78 ft 6 in (23.79 m). The empty weight was for the first built orbiter 151,205 lb (68,585 kg).')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">STS</A>-73 launch moved to October 20, 1995. The countdown to liftoff October 20, 1995 was delayed three minutes due to range computer glitch.<BR><BR>The second <B>United States Microgravity Laboratory (<A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('United States Microgravity Laboratory')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">USML</A>-2)</B> Spacelab mission was the prime payload on <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Space Transportation System (STS) was a proposed system of reusable manned space vehicles (Space Shuttle). Six orbiters were built for flight: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, Endeavour and Enterprise. They had a length of 122 ft 2 in (37.24 m), a height of 58.58 ft (17.25 m) and a wingspan of 78 ft 6 in (23.79 m). The empty weight was for the first built orbiter 151,205 lb (68,585 kg).')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">STS</A>-73. The 16-day flight continued a cooperative effort of the U.S. government, universities and industry to push back the frontiers of science and technology in "microgravity", the near-weightless environment of space.<BR>Some of the experiments carried on the <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('United States Microgravity Laboratory')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">USML</A>-2 payload were suggested by the results of the first <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('United States Microgravity Laboratory')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">USML</A> mission that flew aboard Columbia in 1992 during <A HREF="sts-50.htm" TARGET="wall">STS-50</A>. The <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('United States Microgravity Laboratory')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">USML</A>-1 mission provided new insights into theoretical models of fluid physics, the role of gravity in combustion and flame spreading, and how gravity affects the formation of semiconductor crystals. Data collected from several protein crystals grown on <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('United States Microgravity Laboratory')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">USML</A>-1 enabled scientists to determine the molecular structures of those proteins.<BR><BR>Experiment operations conducted around the clock on this flight, with the astronauts divided into two teams. Kenneth <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/bowersox_kenneth.htm" TARGET="wall">Bowersox</A>, Kent <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/rominger_kent.htm" TARGET="wall">Rominger</A>, Kathryn <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/thornton_kathryn.htm" TARGET="wall">Thornton</A> and Albert <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/sacco_albert.htm" TARGET="wall">Sacco</A> were the "Red Team". The "Blue Team" consisted of Catherine <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/coleman_catherine.htm" TARGET="wall">Coleman</A>, Michael <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/lopez-alegris_michael.htm" TARGET="wall">Lopez-Alegria</A> and Fred <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/leslie_fred.htm" TARGET="wall">Leslie</A>.<BR><BR><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('United States Microgravity Laboratory')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">USML</A>-2 experiment racks were housed in a 23-foot Spacelab module inside the Shuttle Columbia's cargo bay. The laboratory module was pressurized so researchers can work in their shirtsleeves instead of bulky space suits, and it was furnished with much of the same kind of equipment that they would use in their labs back home.<BR><BR><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('United States Microgravity Laboratory')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">USML</A>-2 Experiments included: the Surface Tension Driven Convection Experiment (STDCE), the Drop Physics Module, the Drop Dynamics Experiment; the Science and Technology of Surface-Controlled Phenomena experiment; the Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell Experiment; the Crystal Growth Furnace, the Orbital Processing of High Quality Cadmium Zinc Telluride Compound Semiconductors experiment; the Study of Dopant Segregation Behavior During the Crystal Growth of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) in Microgravity experiment; the Crystal Growth of Selected II-VI Semiconducting Alloys by Directional Solidification experiment; the Vapor Transport Crystal Growth of Mercury Cadmium Tellurida in Microgravity experiment; the Zeolite Crystal Growth Furnace (ZCG), the Interface Configuration Experiment (ICE), the Oscillatory Thermocapillary Flow Experiment; the Fiber Supported Droplet Combustion Experiment; the Particle Dispersion Experiment; the Single-Locker Protein Crystal Growth experiment; (including the Protein Crystallization Apparatus for Microgravity (PCAM) and the Diffusion-controlled Crystallization Apparatus for Microgravity (DCAM)); the Crystal Growth by Liquid-Liquid Diffusion, the Commercial Protein Crystal Growth experiment; the Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility, Crystallization of Apocrystacyanin C experiment; Crystal Structure Analysis of the Bacteriophage Lamda Lysozyme, Crystallization of RNA Molecules Under Microgravity Conditions experiment; Crystallization of the Protein Grb2 and Triclinic Lysozyme experiment; Microgravity Crystallization of Thermophilic Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase and Thaumatin experiment; Crystallization in a Microgravity Environment of CcdB experiment; A Multivariate Analysis of X-ray Diffraction Data Obtained from Glutathione S Transferase experiment; Protein Crystal Growth: Light-driven Charge Translocation Through Bacteriorhodopsin experiment; Crystallization of Ribosome experiment; Crystallization of Sulfolobus Solfataricus Alcohol Dehydrogenase experiment; Crystallization of Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus, Tomato Aspermy Virus, Satellite Panicum Mosaic Virus, Canavalin, Beef Liver Catalase, Concanavalin B experiment; Crystallization of the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF); Structure of the Membrane-Embedded Protein Complex Photosystem I; Crystallization of Visual Pigment Rhodopsin; Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus; Astroculture Facility and Experiment. Spacelab Glovebox Facility experiments included the Zeolite Crystal Growth Glovebox, Protein Crystal Growth Glovebox and the Colloidal Disorder-Order Transitions.<BR><BR>The <B>Surface Tension Driven Convection Experiment</B> apparatus allowed investigators to view in great detail the basic fluid mechanics and heat transfer of thermocapillary flows, motions created within fluids by non-uniform heating of their free surfaces. Temperature variations cause irregularities in the fluid's surface tension (the force which made an unhindered liquid surface tend to form a sphere, like a raindrop), which in turn triggers flows in the fluid. This thermocapillary flow, then, can also be referred to as surfacetension-driven convection.<BR>The facility used a laser diode to illuminate particles suspended in silicone oil. Particle motions due to fluid flows, created by heating the oil either internally or on its surface, was recorded by a video camera attached to a chamber viewport. An infrared imaging system recorded oil surface temperature. A third camera, in concert with an optical measurement system, was used to monitor oil surface deformations and motions.<BR>Experiments went smoothly. In some cases, results re-confirmed existing theories, while in other cases results were new and unique. Highlights included unprecedented results from the Surface Tension Driven Convection Experiment, which flew for second time and studied in great detail basic fluid mechanics and heat transfer of thermocapillary flows, motions created within fluids by non-uniform heating of their free surfaces. Oscillations observed on <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('United States Microgravity Laboratory')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">USML</A>-2 samples had never been observed on Earth, and researchers controlling experiment from the ground were able to pinpoint when fluid flows transitioned from stable to unstable. Research has direct applications on Earth, in that unwanted fluid flows during melting and resolidifying can create defects in high-tech crystals, metals, alloys and ceramics.<BR><BR>Flying for first time was <B>Fiber Supported Droplet Combustion</B> experiment. More than 25 droplets of variety of fuels were ignited, confirming theories about how fuels burn in microgravity. Results revealed larger droplet extension diameter - size of drop as it burns out - than are capable of being studied on Earth, with burning times 10 times longer. Data confirmed scientific predictions about burn rate and amount of fuel left over after fire goes out. This will allow investigators to refine theories and possibly develop new ones about byproducts such as soot and smog.<BR><BR>Five small potatoes were grown on-orbit from tubers in the <B>Astroculture</B> plant growth facility. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('United States Microgravity Laboratory')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">USML</A>-2 marked final test flight of Astroculture hardware, with unit set to become available commercially for sale or lease. Technologies incorporated in Astroculture hardware design already are finding application on Earth; for example, technology behind light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that provide high levels of light on-orbit within limited electrical power is finding its way into energy-efficient lighting systems for large-scale commercial plant nurseries. Successful on-orbit growth demonstrated Astroculture's usefulness as plant growth facility and showed edible foods could be grown in space.<BR><BR>Record number of <B>Protein Crystal Growth (<A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Protein Crystal Growth')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">PCG</A>) </B>samples - around 1,500 - were flown on <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('United States Microgravity Laboratory')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">USML</A>-2 and initial results indicated many had produced crystals which were further studied after landing. Other crystal growth experiments were equally successful. In the Crystal Growth Furnace, which flew for first time on <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('United States Microgravity Laboratory')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">USML</A>-1, a crystal was grown for first time as a liquid bridge to minimize contact with container wall, thus decreasing number of defects in crystal. Eight semiconductor crystals were grown, also a very thin crystal and two crystals which could lead to products such as computer chips that are faster and use less power than traditional computer chips.<BR><BR>Other payloads on board included the <B>Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE)</B>, <B>Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS)</B>, <B>Three Dimensional Microgravity Accelerometer (3DMA)</B>, <B>Suppression of Transient Accelerations By Levitation Evaluation (STABLE)</B> and the <B>High-Packed Digital Television Technical Demonstration</B> system.<BR><BR>Orbiter Columbia performed without serious problems, with only notable glitch being two vernier thruster jets failing several times throughout mission. The function was restored by cycling them on and off. Also, equipment failure at ground terminal for <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('National Aeronautics and Space Administration')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">NASA</A>'s Tracking and Data Relay Communications (<A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Tracking and Data Relay Satellite')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">TDRS</A>) satellites necessitated two extended communications outages between Columbia and Earth in order to perform repair.</DIV></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <H3>Photos / Graphics</H3> <TABLE> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/drawing/large/english/shuttle.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/drawing/drawings/shuttle.gif" TITLE="Space Shuttle" WIDTH="306" HEIGHT="270" BORDER="0" ALT="Space Shuttle"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/drawing/large/english/sts-73_usml-2.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/drawing/drawings/sts-73_usml-2.jpg" TITLE="USML-2" WIDTH="315" HEIGHT="231" BORDER="0" ALT="USML-2"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/sts/large_training/english/sts-73.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/sts/training/sts-73.jpg" TITLE="crew in training" WIDTH="327" HEIGHT="213" BORDER="0" ALT="crew in training"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/drawing/large/english/sts-73_rollout.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/drawing/drawings/sts-73_rollout.jpg" TITLE="STS-73 rollout" WIDTH="232" HEIGHT="337" BORDER="0" ALT="STS-73 rollout"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/sts/large_launch/english/sts-73.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/sts/launch/sts-73.jpg" TITLE="STS-73 launch" WIDTH="219" HEIGHT="334" BORDER="0" ALT="STS-73 launch"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/sts/large_launch/english/sts-73_2.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/sts/launch/sts-73_2.jpg" TITLE="STS-73 launch" WIDTH="326" HEIGHT="218" BORDER="0" ALT="STS-73 launch"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/drawing/large/english/sts-73_usml.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/drawing/drawings/sts-73_usml.jpg" TITLE="USML-2" WIDTH="334" HEIGHT="219" BORDER="0" ALT="USML-2"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/in-flight/large/english/sts-73.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/in-flight/in-flight/sts-73.jpg" TITLE="traditional in-flight photo STS-73" WIDTH="330" HEIGHT="211" BORDER="0" ALT="traditional in-flight photo STS-73"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/sts/large_life/english/sts-73_1.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/sts/life/sts-73_1.jpg" TITLE="life onboard" WIDTH="339" HEIGHT="217" BORDER="0" ALT="life onboard"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/sts/large_life/english/sts-73_2.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/sts/life/sts-73_2.jpg" TITLE="life onboard" WIDTH="216" HEIGHT="337" BORDER="0" ALT="life onboard"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/sts/large_earth/english/sts-73_1.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/sts/earth/sts-73_1.jpg" TITLE="Earth observation" WIDTH="331" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" ALT="Earth observation"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/sts/large_earth/english/sts-73_2.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/sts/earth/sts-73_2.jpg" TITLE="Earth observation" WIDTH="269" HEIGHT="271" BORDER="0" ALT="Earth observation"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/drawing/large/english/sts-73_orbit.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/drawing/drawings/sts-73_orbit.jpg" TITLE="STS-73 in orbit" WIDTH="330" HEIGHT="218" BORDER="0" ALT="STS-73 in orbit"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/sts/large_landing/english/sts-73.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/sts/landing/sts-73.jpg" TITLE="STS-73 landing" WIDTH="338" HEIGHT="216" BORDER="0" ALT="STS-73 landing"></A></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <HR> <TABLE WIDTH="97%"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="32"><FONT SIZE="+1" COLOR="#400040">©</FONT></TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="mailto:mail@spacefacts.de"><IMG SRC="../../graph/logo_small_2.gif" WIDTH="174" HEIGHT="124" BORDER="0" NAME="image2" ONMOUSEOVER="on('image2');" ONMOUSEOUT="off('image2')"></A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE="+1"></FONT></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" NOWRAP="NOWRAP" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE="+1"> </FONT> <P>Last update on June 21, 2023.</P><A HREF="http://www.spacefacts.de" TARGET="new window"><IMG SRC="../../graph/home.gif" TITLE="Back to homepage SPACEFACTS" WIDTH="203" HEIGHT="61" ONMOUSEOVER="on('image1');" ONMOUSEOUT="off('image1')" NAME="image1" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="../../english/sf_patch.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../schedule/patches/sf_patch.png" ALT="SPACEFACTS patch" WIDTH="155" HEIGHT="133" BORDER="0" TITLE="SPACEFACTS patch"></A></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript" TYPE="text/javascript" SRC="wz_tooltip_new.js"></SCRIPT> </DIV> </BODY> </HTML>