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Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitat_Selection?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="254128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation_Risk">Predation Risk</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="254128" type="text/json">{"id":254128,"name":"Predation Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation_Risk?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6185199]'), work: {"id":6185199,"title":"Risk of predation affects habitat selection by the pinfish Lagodon rhomboides 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Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitat_Selection?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":254128,"name":"Predation Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation_Risk?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15326418" data-work_id="15326418" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15326418/The_evolution_and_dynamics_of_interacting_populations">The evolution and dynamics of interacting populations.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The topic of evolution in interacting species was interpreted to focus upon predator-prey coevolution. This would enable a sound theoretical basis to be constructed for the analysis of evolution in larger systems, such as food webs. As a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15326418" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The topic of evolution in interacting species was interpreted to focus upon predator-prey coevolution. This would enable a sound theoretical basis to be constructed for the analysis of evolution in larger systems, such as food webs. As a result all the systems explored in the project were predator-prey systems. <br />The use of analytical, numerical, and simulation models to study predator prey coevolution has shown that there occur a variety of consequences for the ecological dynamics of evolving predator-prey systems.  Evolutionary change can result in a wide range of dynamical behaviour, from stable equilibria to chaos.  The consequences of natural selection need not be stability, as some single-species models and experiments have suggested.  However, ecological dynamic stability is not required for evolutionary persistence. <br />The results obtained support arguments for the misleading nature of local asymptotic stability as a measure of the dynamics of ecological systems. However, it was not found possible to use permanence as an alternative to local asymptotic stability, as had been the original intention. <br />Results from the simulation models showed that convergence to ecological equilibrium was not necessarily to be expected in systems of evolving interacting species, in contrast to many models of community assembly and evolution.  The size of the potential parameter space of the simulation models meant that not all the dynamical behaviour of these models could be explored in the time scale of the project. <br />The analytical models I developed enabled an exploration of evolutionary and ecological dynamics more thoroughly than the simulation models, and compensated for the limited understanding of the simulation systems.  A wide range of evolutionary dynamics, such as ESSs and Red Queen coevolution, were seen to be produced from very simple systems, implying that more complex systems, such as food webs, would have much more interesting evolutionary consequences.  The use of "phenotype space" based techniques enabled a more global understanding of the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of predator-prey interactions than had previously been possible. <br />In general, the results supported the contentions that both ecological and evolutionary dynamics need to be taken into consideration when studying the evolution of interacting species; and that ecological interactions need to be considered in evolutionary models. The techniques I used to address these questions have potential applications in future research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15326418" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="999b9b3cf394b1055b02a3879f070447" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38635380,"asset_id":15326418,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38635380/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20579656" href="https://ljmu.academia.edu/PaulMarrow">Paul Marrow</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20579656" type="text/json">{"id":20579656,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Marrow","domain_name":"ljmu","page_name":"PaulMarrow","display_name":"Paul Marrow","profile_url":"https://ljmu.academia.edu/PaulMarrow?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20579656/5687202/6470482/s65_paul.marrow.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15326418 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15326418"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15326418, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15326418", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15326418 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15326418; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15326418"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15326418 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15326418"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15326418; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15326418]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15326418").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15326418").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15326418"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4304" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coevolution">Coevolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4304" type="text/json">{"id":4304,"name":"Coevolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coevolution?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18594" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology">Evolutionary Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18594" type="text/json">{"id":18594,"name":"Evolutionary Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_Dynamics">Adaptive Dynamics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="70123" type="text/json">{"id":70123,"name":"Adaptive Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_Dynamics?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15326418]'), work: {"id":15326418,"title":"The evolution and dynamics of interacting populations.","created_at":"2015-09-01T08:55:43.908-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15326418/The_evolution_and_dynamics_of_interacting_populations?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_15326418","summary":"The topic of evolution in interacting species was interpreted to focus upon predator-prey coevolution. This would enable a sound theoretical basis to be constructed for the analysis of evolution in larger systems, such as food webs. As a result all the systems explored in the project were predator-prey systems.\r\nThe use of analytical, numerical, and simulation models to study predator prey coevolution has shown that there occur a variety of consequences for the ecological dynamics of evolving predator-prey systems. Evolutionary change can result in a wide range of dynamical behaviour, from stable equilibria to chaos. The consequences of natural selection need not be stability, as some single-species models and experiments have suggested. However, ecological dynamic stability is not required for evolutionary persistence.\r\nThe results obtained support arguments for the misleading nature of local asymptotic stability as a measure of the dynamics of ecological systems. However, it was not found possible to use permanence as an alternative to local asymptotic stability, as had been the original intention.\r\nResults from the simulation models showed that convergence to ecological equilibrium was not necessarily to be expected in systems of evolving interacting species, in contrast to many models of community assembly and evolution. The size of the potential parameter space of the simulation models meant that not all the dynamical behaviour of these models could be explored in the time scale of the project.\r\nThe analytical models I developed enabled an exploration of evolutionary and ecological dynamics more thoroughly than the simulation models, and compensated for the limited understanding of the simulation systems. A wide range of evolutionary dynamics, such as ESSs and Red Queen coevolution, were seen to be produced from very simple systems, implying that more complex systems, such as food webs, would have much more interesting evolutionary consequences. The use of \"phenotype space\" based techniques enabled a more global understanding of the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of predator-prey interactions than had previously been possible.\r\nIn general, the results supported the contentions that both ecological and evolutionary dynamics need to be taken into consideration when studying the evolution of interacting species; and that ecological interactions need to be considered in evolutionary models. The techniques I used to address these questions have potential applications in future research.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38635380,"asset_id":15326418,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20579656,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Marrow","domain_name":"ljmu","page_name":"PaulMarrow","display_name":"Paul Marrow","profile_url":"https://ljmu.academia.edu/PaulMarrow?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20579656/5687202/6470482/s65_paul.marrow.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4304,"name":"Coevolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coevolution?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":18594,"name":"Evolutionary Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":70123,"name":"Adaptive Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_Dynamics?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":103210,"name":"Evolutionary Stable Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Stable_Strategy?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26002709" data-work_id="26002709" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26002709/Temporal_Shifts_in_Activity_of_Prey_Following_Large_Predator_Reintroductions">Temporal Shifts in Activity of Prey Following Large Predator Reintroductions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The response of prey to predation risk varies through time and space. These responses relate to trade-offs between foraging and predator avoidance. Following the ex-tirpation of predators from many landscapes, the responses related to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26002709" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The response of prey to predation risk varies through time and space. These responses relate to trade-offs between foraging and predator avoidance. Following the ex-tirpation of predators from many landscapes, the responses related to predator avoidance may have been lost or diluted. Investigating the activity pattern of prey species on comparable landscapes with and without large predators provides an opportunity to understand how predators may shape prey activity and behaviour. Using camera trap data from neighbouring fenced sections of the Addo Elephant National Park (Eastern Cape, South Africa), we investigated the activity patterns of species exposed to large predators, where the predators were only present in one of the sections. Our results suggest that prey species at risk of predation (e.g., buffalo, kudu and warthog) are more likely to be active diurnally when co-existing with nocturnally active predators, thereby reducing the activity overlap with these predators. In the absence of predators, kudu and buffalo were more active at night resulting in a low overlap in activity between sections. Warthog activity was predominantly diurnal in both sections, resulting in a high overlap in activity between sections. The presence of predators reduced the nocturnal activity of wart-hogs from 6 to 0.6 % of all warthog captures in each section. Elephants, which are above the preferred prey weight range of the predators and therefore have a low risk of predation, showed higher overlap in activity periodicity between predator-present and predator-absent areas. Our findings suggest that maintaining prey with their predators has the added benefit of conserving the full spectrum of prey adaptive behaviours.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26002709" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="df7103f659651c5638f070269618dcad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46353166,"asset_id":26002709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46353166/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2705914" href="https://uaq.academia.edu/KrislyUuh">Krisly Uuh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2705914" type="text/json">{"id":2705914,"first_name":"Krisly","last_name":"Uuh","domain_name":"uaq","page_name":"KrislyUuh","display_name":"Krisly Uuh","profile_url":"https://uaq.academia.edu/KrislyUuh?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2705914/869076/14423202/s65_krisly.uuh.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26002709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26002709"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26002709, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26002709", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26002709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26002709; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26002709"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26002709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26002709"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26002709; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26002709]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26002709").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26002709").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26002709"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="163563" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reintroduction">Reintroduction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="163563" type="text/json">{"id":163563,"name":"Reintroduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reintroduction?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26002709]'), work: {"id":26002709,"title":"Temporal Shifts in Activity of Prey Following Large Predator Reintroductions","created_at":"2016-06-08T21:02:36.404-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26002709/Temporal_Shifts_in_Activity_of_Prey_Following_Large_Predator_Reintroductions?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_26002709","summary":"The response of prey to predation risk varies through time and space. These responses relate to trade-offs between foraging and predator avoidance. Following the ex-tirpation of predators from many landscapes, the responses related to predator avoidance may have been lost or diluted. Investigating the activity pattern of prey species on comparable landscapes with and without large predators provides an opportunity to understand how predators may shape prey activity and behaviour. Using camera trap data from neighbouring fenced sections of the Addo Elephant National Park (Eastern Cape, South Africa), we investigated the activity patterns of species exposed to large predators, where the predators were only present in one of the sections. Our results suggest that prey species at risk of predation (e.g., buffalo, kudu and warthog) are more likely to be active diurnally when co-existing with nocturnally active predators, thereby reducing the activity overlap with these predators. In the absence of predators, kudu and buffalo were more active at night resulting in a low overlap in activity between sections. Warthog activity was predominantly diurnal in both sections, resulting in a high overlap in activity between sections. The presence of predators reduced the nocturnal activity of wart-hogs from 6 to 0.6 % of all warthog captures in each section. Elephants, which are above the preferred prey weight range of the predators and therefore have a low risk of predation, showed higher overlap in activity periodicity between predator-present and predator-absent areas. Our findings suggest that maintaining prey with their predators has the added benefit of conserving the full spectrum of prey adaptive behaviours.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46353166,"asset_id":26002709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2705914,"first_name":"Krisly","last_name":"Uuh","domain_name":"uaq","page_name":"KrislyUuh","display_name":"Krisly Uuh","profile_url":"https://uaq.academia.edu/KrislyUuh?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2705914/869076/14423202/s65_krisly.uuh.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":163563,"name":"Reintroduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reintroduction?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29767289" data-work_id="29767289" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29767289/Top_predators_as_biodiversity_regulators_the_dingo_Canis_lupus_dingo_as_a_case_study">Top predators as biodiversity regulators: the dingo Canis lupus dingo as a case study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29767289" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9da691d70af2c6ed8990954b6cf34b71" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50218865,"asset_id":29767289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50218865/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56195729" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristopherDickman">Christopher Dickman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56195729" type="text/json">{"id":56195729,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Dickman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChristopherDickman","display_name":"Christopher Dickman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChristopherDickman?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56195729/125992314/115363303/s65_christopher.dickman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29767289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29767289"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29767289, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29767289", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29767289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation">Conservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2809" type="text/json">{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6697" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia">Australia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6697" type="text/json">{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7651" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management">Wildlife Ecology And Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7651" type="text/json">{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And 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Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516"},{"id":16475,"name":"Competition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competition?f_ri=12516"},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=12516"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=12516"},{"id":88930,"name":"Predation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":132277,"name":"Trophic Cascade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trophic_Cascade?f_ri=12516"},{"id":133873,"name":"Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plants?f_ri=12516"},{"id":267082,"name":"Wolves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wolves?f_ri=12516"},{"id":291614,"name":"Mesopredator Release","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesopredator_Release?f_ri=12516"},{"id":392475,"name":"Wild animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wild_animals?f_ri=12516"},{"id":407864,"name":"Predators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predators?f_ri=12516"},{"id":985598,"name":"Predatory Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predatory_Behavior?f_ri=12516"},{"id":1013028,"name":"Food Chain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Chain?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16790165 coauthored" data-work_id="16790165" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16790165/Hein_A_T_and_B_Kunz_2008_Kleinlibellen_erbeuten_Spinnentiere_Odonata_Coenagrionidae_Arachnida_Libellula_27_253_257">Hein A.T. & B. Kunz (2008) Kleinlibellen erbeuten Spinnentiere (Odonata: Coenagrionidae; Arachnida). Libellula 27: 253–257</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Damselflies as predators of arachnids (Odonata: Coenagrionidae; Arachnida) — In 2007 and 2008 three observations were documented photographically, during which zygopterans actively preyed on arachnids: Pyrrhosoma nymphula on an orb weaver... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16790165" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Damselflies as predators of arachnids (Odonata: Coenagrionidae; Arachnida) — In 2007 and 2008 three observations were documented photographically, during which zygopterans actively preyed on arachnids: Pyrrhosoma nymphula on an orb weaver Mangora acalypha (Araneae: Araneidae), Ischnura elegans on a small undetermined spider and Coenagrion puella on a harvestman (Opiliones: Phalangiidae). The damselflies gleaned their prey from vegetation or directly from the spider’s web. Except for the Neotropical family of the Pseudostigmatidae, this interaction hitherto has only rarely been described.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16790165" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a984cbb58fc408d096111a4aa02f402" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39184341,"asset_id":16790165,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39184341/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36555053" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HeinAndreas">Andreas Hein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36555053" type="text/json">{"id":36555053,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Hein","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HeinAndreas","display_name":"Andreas Hein","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HeinAndreas?f_ri=12516","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-16790165">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-16790165"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/BerndKunz">Bernd Kunz</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-16790165'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-16790165').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16790165 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16790165"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16790165; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16790165]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16790165").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16790165").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16790165"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33477" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Odonatology">Odonatology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33477" type="text/json">{"id":33477,"name":"Odonatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Odonatology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16790165]'), work: {"id":16790165,"title":"Hein A.T. \u0026 B. Kunz (2008) Kleinlibellen erbeuten Spinnentiere (Odonata: Coenagrionidae; Arachnida). Libellula 27: 253–257","created_at":"2015-10-14T11:16:39.125-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16790165/Hein_A_T_and_B_Kunz_2008_Kleinlibellen_erbeuten_Spinnentiere_Odonata_Coenagrionidae_Arachnida_Libellula_27_253_257?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_16790165","summary":"Damselflies as predators of arachnids (Odonata: Coenagrionidae; Arachnida) — In 2007 and 2008 three observations were documented photographically, during which zygopterans actively preyed on arachnids: Pyrrhosoma nymphula on an orb weaver Mangora acalypha (Araneae: Araneidae), Ischnura elegans on a small undetermined spider and Coenagrion puella on a harvestman (Opiliones: Phalangiidae). The damselflies gleaned their prey from vegetation or directly from the spider’s web. Except for the Neotropical family of the Pseudostigmatidae, this interaction hitherto has only rarely been described.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39184341,"asset_id":16790165,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36555053,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Hein","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HeinAndreas","display_name":"Andreas Hein","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HeinAndreas?f_ri=12516","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":5885966,"first_name":"Bernd","last_name":"Kunz","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"BerndKunz","display_name":"Bernd Kunz","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/BerndKunz?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5885966/9882690/11730767/s65_bernd.kunz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":33477,"name":"Odonatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Odonatology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11509663" data-work_id="11509663" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11509663/Wolf_dangerosity_towards_man_in_France_A_nationwide_inquiry_15th_20th_Sous_la_dent_cruelle_du_loup_9000_VICTIMES_HUMAINES_EN_FRANCE_DU_XVIe_AU_XIXe_SIECLE_UN_OBSERVATOIRE_POUR_L_EUROPE_Vivre_avec_le_loup_TRois_mille_ans_de_conflit_Paris_Tallandier_2014_p_211_230">Wolf dangerosity towards man in France. A nationwide inquiry (15th-20th) - Sous la dent « cruelle » du loup : 9000 VICTIMES HUMAINES EN FRANCE DU XVIe AU XIXe SIECLE. UN OBSERVATOIRE POUR L’EUROPE ?, Vivre avec le loup? TRois mille ans de conflit, Paris, Tallandier, 2014, p. 211-230.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In a context of stark opposition between supporters and opponents to the wolf, the extent to which this particular predator is dangerous for humans is still an open question. What lies beneath the negative perception of the wolf? What... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11509663" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In a context of stark opposition between supporters and opponents to the wolf, the extent to which this particular predator is dangerous for humans is still an open question. <br />What lies beneath the negative perception of the wolf? <br />What should be the historian's contribution, based on historical sources and historical methods? <br />Thanks to a database of 4,700 cases of wolf attacks on human having occurred in France between 1580 and 1880, it is now possible to grasp the chronological evolution and spatial evolution of wolf related risks. <br />Undeniably real, though mostly belonging to a remote past, and statistically rare, though anthropologically intolerable, these attacks point to two opposite groups, predatory wolves occasionally preying on humans on one hand, rabid wolves striking indiscriminately a whole population on the other. <br />The attacks of the first kind occurred regularly in an unsafe environment, and gave rise to tales of "Ferocious Beasts" in times of dramatic crisis (1594-1600, 1691-1694, 1746-1750, 1764-1767, 1814-1819). <br />The second kind was spatially and chronologically less widespread, but sowed the seeds of mass hysteria, all the more persistent since the underlying sickness it forebode remained without a cure before the last third of the 20th century. <br />The conclusion between these two different realities gave Canis Lupus its negative aura, significantly dimmed recently however since it has entirely lost its material basis, at least in France.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11509663" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bec9a2477909aaf5b2eae0d888686efc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37022275,"asset_id":11509663,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37022275/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28036356" href="https://unicaen.academia.edu/JeanMarcMoriceau">Jean-Marc Moriceau</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28036356" type="text/json">{"id":28036356,"first_name":"Jean-Marc","last_name":"Moriceau","domain_name":"unicaen","page_name":"JeanMarcMoriceau","display_name":"Jean-Marc Moriceau","profile_url":"https://unicaen.academia.edu/JeanMarcMoriceau?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28036356/7946056/8901164/s65_jean-marc.moriceau.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11509663 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11509663"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11509663, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11509663", }); 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A nationwide inquiry (15th-20th) - Sous la dent « cruelle » du loup : 9000 VICTIMES HUMAINES EN FRANCE DU XVIe AU XIXe SIECLE. UN OBSERVATOIRE POUR L’EUROPE ?, Vivre avec le loup? TRois mille ans de conflit, Paris, Tallandier, 2014, p. 211-230.","created_at":"2015-03-18T08:56:15.842-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11509663/Wolf_dangerosity_towards_man_in_France_A_nationwide_inquiry_15th_20th_Sous_la_dent_cruelle_du_loup_9000_VICTIMES_HUMAINES_EN_FRANCE_DU_XVIe_AU_XIXe_SIECLE_UN_OBSERVATOIRE_POUR_L_EUROPE_Vivre_avec_le_loup_TRois_mille_ans_de_conflit_Paris_Tallandier_2014_p_211_230?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_11509663","summary":"In a context of stark opposition between supporters and opponents to the wolf, the extent to which this particular predator is dangerous for humans is still an open question.\r\nWhat lies beneath the negative perception of the wolf?\r\nWhat should be the historian's contribution, based on historical sources and historical methods?\r\nThanks to a database of 4,700 cases of wolf attacks on human having occurred in France between 1580 and 1880, it is now possible to grasp the chronological evolution and spatial evolution of wolf related risks.\r\nUndeniably real, though mostly belonging to a remote past, and statistically rare, though anthropologically intolerable, these attacks point to two opposite groups, predatory wolves occasionally preying on humans on one hand, rabid wolves striking indiscriminately a whole population on the other. \r\nThe attacks of the first kind occurred regularly in an unsafe environment, and gave rise to tales of \"Ferocious Beasts\" in times of dramatic crisis (1594-1600, 1691-1694, 1746-1750, 1764-1767, 1814-1819).\r\nThe second kind was spatially and chronologically less widespread, but sowed the seeds of mass hysteria, all the more persistent since the underlying sickness it forebode remained without a cure before the last third of the 20th century.\r\nThe conclusion between these two different realities gave Canis Lupus its negative aura, significantly dimmed recently however since it has entirely lost its material basis, at least in 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interdiciplinary_Studies?f_ri=12516"},{"id":1295852,"name":"History of Rabies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Rabies?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64514835" data-work_id="64514835" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64514835/Jaguar_and_puma_predation_on_cattle_calves_in_northeastern_Sonora_Mexico">Jaguar and puma predation on cattle calves in northeastern Sonora, Mexico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue 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Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=12516"},{"id":88930,"name":"Predation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":133837,"name":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rangeland_Ecology_and_Management?f_ri=12516"},{"id":1251448,"name":"Livestock Predation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livestock_Predation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":1937731,"name":"Ecology and conservation of mammalian carnivores","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology_and_conservation_of_mammalian_carnivores?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71174009" data-work_id="71174009" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71174009/Humans_rather_than_Eurasian_lynx_Lynx_lynx_shape_ungulate_browsing_patterns_in_a_temperate_forest">Humans rather than Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) shape ungulate browsing patterns in a temperate forest</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The recolonization of human-dominated landscapes by large carnivores has been followed with considerable scientific interest; however, little is known about their interactive effect on ungulate foraging behavior. This study compared the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71174009" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The recolonization of human-dominated landscapes by large carnivores has been followed with considerable scientific interest; however, little is known about their interactive effect on ungulate foraging behavior. This study compared the risks imposed by humans and lynx on ungulate foraging behavior by examining the effects of browsing intensity (at two spatial scales), diet quality, and tree species selection. We hypothesized that: (1) in areas with high risk imposed by humans and lynx browsing intensity would be reduced; (2) risk Dries P. J. Kuijper and Marco Heurich contributed equally to this work as senior scientists.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71174009" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4663bdfd1c3ebbd64d058b95464c67ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80635351,"asset_id":71174009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80635351/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4489258" href="https://nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.academia.edu/MarcoHeurich">Prof. Dr. Marco Heurich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4489258" type="text/json">{"id":4489258,"first_name":"Prof. Dr. Marco","last_name":"Heurich","domain_name":"nationalpark-bayerischer-wald","page_name":"MarcoHeurich","display_name":"Prof. Dr. Marco Heurich","profile_url":"https://nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.academia.edu/MarcoHeurich?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4489258/1848169/2197206/s65_marco.heurich.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71174009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71174009"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71174009, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71174009", }); 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however, little is known about their interactive effect on ungulate foraging behavior. This study compared the risks imposed by humans and lynx on ungulate foraging behavior by examining the effects of browsing intensity (at two spatial scales), diet quality, and tree species selection. We hypothesized that: (1) in areas with high risk imposed by humans and lynx browsing intensity would be reduced; (2) risk Dries P. J. Kuijper and Marco Heurich contributed equally to this work as senior scientists.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80635351,"asset_id":71174009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4489258,"first_name":"Prof. Dr. Marco","last_name":"Heurich","domain_name":"nationalpark-bayerischer-wald","page_name":"MarcoHeurich","display_name":"Prof. Dr. Marco Heurich","profile_url":"https://nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.academia.edu/MarcoHeurich?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4489258/1848169/2197206/s65_marco.heurich.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":7653,"name":"Forest Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516"},{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=12516"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":133572,"name":"Wildlife Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31671878" data-work_id="31671878" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31671878/The_landscape_of_fear_conceptual_framework_definition_and_review_of_current_applications_and_misuses">The landscape of fear conceptual framework: definition and review of current applications and misuses</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Predator-Prey dynamics, and their trophic impacts, have functioned as a focal point in both community and population biology for five decades. The work-group focusing on these dynamics has however largely changed the focus of their work... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31671878" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Predator-Prey dynamics, and their trophic impacts, have functioned as a focal point in both community and population biology for five decades. The work-group focusing on these dynamics has however largely changed the focus of their work from trophic effects to the study of non-consumptive effects of predation-the " ecology of fear ". An increasing number of studies chose to spatially chart wildlife populations' risk assessment and of those the majority use optimal patch-use (giving-up densities) as a continuous measure of fear. These charts, " landscapes-of-fear " (LOFs) originated in conservation literature and the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone. Today, they are used to study population habitat selection and venture into the evolutionary context with studies examining the mechanisms by which species coexist in the same physical space. This review predicts increase in, and encourages the use of, LOFs: as a conservation tool to assess species land-use; as a bridge between ecology and neurology with stress hormones as indicators fear; and as a tool to compare species' evolutionary dynamics within a community context. PeerJ Preprints | <a href="https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2840v1" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2840v1</a> | CC BY 4.0</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31671878" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d9946bf8993670b9fbe1df7b9b274d3b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54416439,"asset_id":31671878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54416439/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6136912" href="https://loyno.academia.edu/SonnyBleicher">Sonny S Bleicher</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6136912" type="text/json">{"id":6136912,"first_name":"Sonny","last_name":"Bleicher","domain_name":"loyno","page_name":"SonnyBleicher","display_name":"Sonny S Bleicher","profile_url":"https://loyno.academia.edu/SonnyBleicher?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6136912/2554634/38945754/s65_sonny.bleicher.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31671878 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31671878"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31671878, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31671878", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31671878 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31671878; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31671878"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31671878 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31671878"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31671878; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31671878]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31671878").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31671878").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31671878"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17843" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_ecology_Biology_">Landscape ecology (Biology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17843" type="text/json">{"id":17843,"name":"Landscape ecology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_ecology_Biology_?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28377" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_Psychology_">Stress (Psychology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28377" type="text/json">{"id":28377,"name":"Stress (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_Psychology_?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31671878]'), work: {"id":31671878,"title":"The landscape of fear conceptual framework: definition and\r\nreview of current applications and misuses","created_at":"2017-03-01T21:45:58.229-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31671878/The_landscape_of_fear_conceptual_framework_definition_and_review_of_current_applications_and_misuses?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_31671878","summary":"Predator-Prey dynamics, and their trophic impacts, have functioned as a focal point in both community and population biology for five decades. The work-group focusing on these dynamics has however largely changed the focus of their work from trophic effects to the study of non-consumptive effects of predation-the \" ecology of fear \". An increasing number of studies chose to spatially chart wildlife populations' risk assessment and of those the majority use optimal patch-use (giving-up densities) as a continuous measure of fear. These charts, \" landscapes-of-fear \" (LOFs) originated in conservation literature and the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone. Today, they are used to study population habitat selection and venture into the evolutionary context with studies examining the mechanisms by which species coexist in the same physical space. This review predicts increase in, and encourages the use of, LOFs: as a conservation tool to assess species land-use; as a bridge between ecology and neurology with stress hormones as indicators fear; and as a tool to compare species' evolutionary dynamics within a community context. PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2840v1 | CC BY 4.0","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54416439,"asset_id":31671878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6136912,"first_name":"Sonny","last_name":"Bleicher","domain_name":"loyno","page_name":"SonnyBleicher","display_name":"Sonny S Bleicher","profile_url":"https://loyno.academia.edu/SonnyBleicher?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6136912/2554634/38945754/s65_sonny.bleicher.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":17843,"name":"Landscape ecology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_ecology_Biology_?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":28377,"name":"Stress (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_Psychology_?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":227669,"name":"Wildlife Coservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Coservation?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44648519" data-work_id="44648519" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44648519/Danger_underground_and_in_the_open_predation_on_blind_mole_rats_Rodentia_Spalacinae_revisited">Danger underground and in the open -predation on blind mole rats (Rodentia: Spalacinae) revisited</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1. Being totally blind with no tail or pinnae, blind mole rats are the most special-ised rodents for the subterranean lifestyle. However, they come to the surface occasionally due to unusual climatic events, for foraging, to collect hay... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44648519" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1. Being totally blind with no tail or pinnae, blind mole rats are the most special-ised rodents for the subterranean lifestyle. However, they come to the surface occasionally due to unusual climatic events, for foraging, to collect hay for bedding material, for dispersal as subadults, due to intraspecific aggression, and in illness. <br />2. The only previous review suggests that surface activity of and predation on blind mole rats is rare and that they are preyed on mainly at night by owls. <br />3. Based on 57 scientific publications, 14 unpublished reports and several personal observations (from 15 countries), the present review reveals that altogether 26 species of bird and mammal prey on blind mole rats either regularly or occasionally. It is evidenced that not only the number of predators, but also the importance of blind mole rats in their diet has been seriously underestimated. <br />4. The tight relationship between the colour of the soil and the colour of the pelage of blind mole rats suggests the importance of diurnal raptors via their selective impact. Predation by mammals happens relatively often, and mustelids hunt blind mole rats not only on the surface, but probably also inside their burrows. The labyrinth-like structure of the burrows may play a vital role in confusing mammalian predators trying to hunt inside the burrows, and may increase the blind mole rat's chance of escape. <br />5. With the proven importance of blind mole rats as a food resource for several threatened species of birds of prey, the survival, reproductive success, and population size of these species may partly depend on the density of the rodents. Although many species within the blind mole rat subfamily are themselves threatened to various extents, the role of blind mole rat populations in carnivore and raptor conservation should be considered and evaluated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44648519" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d038edfd0fc154f8bbb65f1d8d214747" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65118802,"asset_id":44648519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65118802/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2461112" href="https://unideb.academia.edu/AttilaN%C3%A9meth">Attila Németh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2461112" type="text/json">{"id":2461112,"first_name":"Attila","last_name":"Németh","domain_name":"unideb","page_name":"AttilaNémeth","display_name":"Attila Németh","profile_url":"https://unideb.academia.edu/AttilaN%C3%A9meth?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2461112/1006276/1258246/s65_attila.n_meth.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44648519 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44648519"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44648519, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44648519", }); 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Being totally blind with no tail or pinnae, blind mole rats are the most special-ised rodents for the subterranean lifestyle. However, they come to the surface occasionally due to unusual climatic events, for foraging, to collect hay for bedding material, for dispersal as subadults, due to intraspecific aggression, and in illness. \n2. The only previous review suggests that surface activity of and predation on blind mole rats is rare and that they are preyed on mainly at night by owls. \n3. Based on 57 scientific publications, 14 unpublished reports and several personal observations (from 15 countries), the present review reveals that altogether 26 species of bird and mammal prey on blind mole rats either regularly or occasionally. It is evidenced that not only the number of predators, but also the importance of blind mole rats in their diet has been seriously underestimated. \n4. The tight relationship between the colour of the soil and the colour of the pelage of blind mole rats suggests the importance of diurnal raptors via their selective impact. Predation by mammals happens relatively often, and mustelids hunt blind mole rats not only on the surface, but probably also inside their burrows. The labyrinth-like structure of the burrows may play a vital role in confusing mammalian predators trying to hunt inside the burrows, and may increase the blind mole rat's chance of escape. \n5. With the proven importance of blind mole rats as a food resource for several threatened species of birds of prey, the survival, reproductive success, and population size of these species may partly depend on the density of the rodents. Although many species within the blind mole rat subfamily are themselves threatened to various extents, the role of blind mole rat populations in carnivore and raptor conservation should be considered and evaluated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65118802,"asset_id":44648519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2461112,"first_name":"Attila","last_name":"Németh","domain_name":"unideb","page_name":"AttilaNémeth","display_name":"Attila Németh","profile_url":"https://unideb.academia.edu/AttilaN%C3%A9meth?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2461112/1006276/1258246/s65_attila.n_meth.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":133960,"name":"Nature 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Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45223" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacean_Biology">Crustacean Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45223" type="text/json">{"id":45223,"name":"Crustacean Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacean_Biology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57611" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Ecology">Feeding Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57611" type="text/json">{"id":57611,"name":"Feeding Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5676620]'), work: {"id":5676620,"title":"1994 - Experimental observations on the 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mathematically directed (in practical applications also undirected) graphs and a graph is a one-dimensional abstract complex, i.e., a topological space. Network theory focuses on various topological structures and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3158697" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Networks are mathematically directed (in practical applications also undirected) graphs and a graph is a one-dimensional abstract complex, i.e., a topological space. Network theory focuses on various topological structures and properties, dynamic properties, and functionality-topology relationship, etc. There are some common mathematical foundations, theories and methodology for network analysis, in which graph theory, statistics, and operational research, etc., are the fundamental sciences of network analysis. Various emerging biological networks, at both micro- and macro- levels, will provide numerous sources for the development of general network theory and methodology and also facilitate the development of theory and methodology of biological networks.<br /><br />Biological network analysis is a fast moving science. Many core scientific issues, for example, ecological structure, co-evolution, co-extinction and biodiversity conservation in ecology, and cancer development and metabolic regulation in health science, etc., are expected to be addressed by network approaches and network analysis. Network analysis is becoming the core methodology to treat complex biological systems. As the fast development of this area, more and more papers on biological networks are published. <br /><br />At present explosive numbers of quality papers on biological networks are being published each year. The initiation of the journal, Network Biology, will provide a public and unified platform for the publication of these studies. From this integrated and unique journal, researchers, university teachers and students will thoroughly have an in-depth and complete insight on knowledge, methodology and recent advances of biological networks.<br /><br />In the view of system dynamics, biological networks are always self-organized systems with emergent, autonomous and adaptive properties. Their dynamics can be represented by agent-based modeling, individual-based modeling and some other methodologies like neural network modeling. Therefore, agent-based modeling, individual-based modeling, self-organization of biological systems, and neural network modeling, etc., fall into the aims and scope of the journal, Network Biology. <br /><br />The NETWORK BIOLOGY (ISSN 2220-8879) is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that considers scientific articles in all different areas of network biology. It is the transactions of the International Society of Network Biology.It dedicates to the latest advances in network biology. The goal of this journal is to keep a record of the state-of-the-art research and promote the research work in these fast moving areas. The topics to be covered by Network Biology include, but are not limited to: <br /><br />•Theories, algorithms and programs of network analysis<br />•Innovations and applications of biological networks<br />•Dynamics, optimization and control of biological networks<br />•Ecological networks, food webs and natural equilibrium<br />•Co-evolution, co-extinction, biodiversity conservation<br />•Metabolic networks, protein-protein interaction networks, biochemical reaction networks, gene networks, transcriptional regulatory networks, cell cycle networks, phylogenetic networks, network motifs<br />•Physiological networks<br />•Network regulation of metabolic processes, human diseases and ecological systems<br />•Social networks, epidemiological networks<br />•System complexity, self-organized systems, emergence of biological systems, agent-based modeling, individual-based modeling, neural network modeling, and other network-based modeling, etc.<br />We are also interested in short communications that clearly address a specific issue or completely present a new ecological network, food web, or metabolic or gene network, etc. <br /><br />Authors can submit their works to the email box of this journal, <a href="mailto:networkbiology@iaees.org" rel="nofollow">networkbiology@iaees.org</a>. All manuscripts submitted to this journal must be previously unpublished and may not be considered for publication elsewhere at any time during review period of this journal. Authors are asked to read Author Guidelines before submitting manuscripts.<br /><br />In addition to free submissions from authors around the world, special issues are also accepted. The organizer of a special issue can collect submissions (yielded from a research project, a research group, etc.) on a specific research topic, or submissions of a scientific conference for publication of special issue. <br /><br />Network Biology  <br />ISSN 2220-8879 <br />URL: <a href="http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/nb/online-version.asp" rel="nofollow">http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/nb/online-version.asp</a><br />RSS feed: <a href="http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/nb/rss.xml" rel="nofollow">http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/nb/rss.xml</a><br />E-mail: <a href="mailto:networkbiology@iaees.org" rel="nofollow">networkbiology@iaees.org</a><br />Editor-in-Chief: WenJun Zhang"</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3158697" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e56e1915287d162a102896db7843b92e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41547697,"asset_id":3158697,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41547697/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3573924" href="https://iaees.academia.edu/IAEESPublications">IAEES Publications</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3573924" type="text/json">{"id":3573924,"first_name":"IAEES","last_name":"Publications","domain_name":"iaees","page_name":"IAEESPublications","display_name":"IAEES Publications","profile_url":"https://iaees.academia.edu/IAEESPublications?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3573924/5016887/37919633/s65_iaees.publications.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-3158697">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-3158697"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://newengland.academia.edu/CarrieByron">Carrie Byron</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CraigTennenhouse">Craig Tennenhouse</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-3158697'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-3158697').html(); 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Network analysis is becoming the core methodology to treat complex biological systems. As the fast development of this area, more and more papers on biological networks are published. \n\nAt present explosive numbers of quality papers on biological networks are being published each year. The initiation of the journal, Network Biology, will provide a public and unified platform for the publication of these studies. From this integrated and unique journal, researchers, university teachers and students will thoroughly have an in-depth and complete insight on knowledge, methodology and recent advances of biological networks.\n\nIn the view of system dynamics, biological networks are always self-organized systems with emergent, autonomous and adaptive properties. Their dynamics can be represented by agent-based modeling, individual-based modeling and some other methodologies like neural network modeling. 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All manuscripts submitted to this journal must be previously unpublished and may not be considered for publication elsewhere at any time during review period of this journal. Authors are asked to read Author Guidelines before submitting manuscripts.\n\nIn addition to free submissions from authors around the world, special issues are also accepted. The organizer of a special issue can collect submissions (yielded from a research project, a research group, etc.) on a specific research topic, or submissions of a scientific conference for publication of special issue. \n\nNetwork Biology \nISSN 2220-8879 \nURL: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/nb/online-version.asp\nRSS feed: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/nb/rss.xml\nE-mail: networkbiology@iaees.org\nEditor-in-Chief: WenJun Zhang\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41547697,"asset_id":3158697,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3573924,"first_name":"IAEES","last_name":"Publications","domain_name":"iaees","page_name":"IAEESPublications","display_name":"IAEES 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Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NET_Software_Development?f_ri=12516"},{"id":1033738,"name":"Systems Based Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Based_Practice?f_ri=12516"},{"id":2254216,"name":"Closed Set","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Closed_Set?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49427048 coauthored" data-work_id="49427048" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49427048/A_rangewide_distribution_model_for_the_Pallass_cat_Otocolobus_manul_identifying_potential_new_survey_regions_for_an_understudied_small_cat">A rangewide distribution model for the Pallas's cat (Otocolobus manul): identifying potential new survey regions for an understudied small cat</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Knowledge about the current distribution of threatened and/or understudied species is a fundamental component of conservation biology. Mapping species distributions based on recent known occurrences is particularly important for those... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49427048" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Knowledge about the current distribution of<br />threatened and/or understudied species is a fundamental<br />component of conservation biology. Mapping species distributions<br />based on recent known occurrences is particularly<br />important for those that are rare or declining. Too<br />often, cryptic species go undetected throughout parts of<br />their range, whereas others just receive less research<br />attention. We used contemporary presence data for the<br />Pallas’s cat (Otocolobus manul), a small cryptic felid, to<br />characterize potential rangewide and regional habitat for<br />the species and identify those abiotic and biotic variables<br />most influencing its distribution. Several regions lacking<br />contemporary occurrence records contain potential habitat<br />for Pallas’s cats, including the Koh-i-Baba Mountains of<br />Afghanistan, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, steppes of Inner<br />Mongolia, Kunlun Mountains of China, and Tian Shan and<br />Pamir Mountains of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and China.<br />Some of these areas have not been included in prior rangewide<br />distribution assessments. The distribution of pikas<br />(Ochotona spp.), small mammals that likely represent a<br />critical prey species everywhere they are sympatric, was<br />the most important factor affecting the Pallas’s cat’s distribution.<br />This suggests Pallas’s cats may be prey specialists,<br />and that pika presence and habitat are critical<br />considerations for future Pallas’s cat surveys and in the<br />development of regional conservation actions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49427048" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fee678a7823c333a5e800c0aa3ddfcd4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67780326,"asset_id":49427048,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67780326/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31699452" href="https://colostate.academia.edu/AnthonyGiordano">Anthony J Giordano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31699452" type="text/json">{"id":31699452,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Giordano","domain_name":"colostate","page_name":"AnthonyGiordano","display_name":"Anthony J Giordano","profile_url":"https://colostate.academia.edu/AnthonyGiordano?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31699452/21538359/20900645/s65_anthony.giordano.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-49427048">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-49427048"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/EvanGreenspan">Evan Greenspan</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-49427048'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-49427048').html(); 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Mapping species distributions\nbased on recent known occurrences is particularly\nimportant for those that are rare or declining. Too\noften, cryptic species go undetected throughout parts of\ntheir range, whereas others just receive less research\nattention. We used contemporary presence data for the\nPallas’s cat (Otocolobus manul), a small cryptic felid, to\ncharacterize potential rangewide and regional habitat for\nthe species and identify those abiotic and biotic variables\nmost influencing its distribution. Several regions lacking\ncontemporary occurrence records contain potential habitat\nfor Pallas’s cats, including the Koh-i-Baba Mountains of\nAfghanistan, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, steppes of Inner\nMongolia, Kunlun Mountains of China, and Tian Shan and\nPamir Mountains of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and China.\nSome of these areas have not been included in prior rangewide\ndistribution assessments. The distribution of pikas\n(Ochotona spp.), small mammals that likely represent a\ncritical prey species everywhere they are sympatric, was\nthe most important factor affecting the Pallas’s cat’s distribution.\nThis suggests Pallas’s cats may be prey specialists,\nand that pika presence and habitat are critical\nconsiderations for future Pallas’s cat surveys and in the\ndevelopment of regional conservation actions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67780326,"asset_id":49427048,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31699452,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Giordano","domain_name":"colostate","page_name":"AnthonyGiordano","display_name":"Anthony J 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72298093" data-work_id="72298093" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72298093/Turtles_in_the_diet_of_White_throated_Kingfisher_Halcyon_smyrnensis">Turtles in the diet of White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72298093" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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range</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14614032" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="78e8ec7c1fd382800d8a55c06051f145" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44034916,"asset_id":14614032,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44034916/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i 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u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14614032"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14614032, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14614032", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14614032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14614032; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14614032"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14614032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14614032"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14614032; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14614032]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14614032").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14614032").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14614032"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4850" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration">Migration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4850" type="text/json">{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour">Animal Behaviour</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22838" type="text/json">{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23222" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_ecology">Foraging ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23222" type="text/json">{"id":23222,"name":"Foraging ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14614032]'), work: {"id":14614032,"title":"Foraging–vigilance trade-offs in a partially migratory population: comparing migrants and residents on a sympatric range","created_at":"2015-08-03T05:52:18.244-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14614032/Foraging_vigilance_trade_offs_in_a_partially_migratory_population_comparing_migrants_and_residents_on_a_sympatric_range?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_14614032","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44034916,"asset_id":14614032,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33564003,"first_name":"Evelyn","last_name":"Merrill","domain_name":"ualberta","page_name":"EvelynMerrill","display_name":"Evelyn Merrill","profile_url":"https://ualberta.academia.edu/EvelynMerrill?f_ri=12516","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":23222,"name":"Foraging ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":28834,"name":"Predator Prey Dinamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator_Prey_Dinamics?f_ri=12516"},{"id":31903,"name":"Large herbivores foraging strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_herbivores_foraging_strategies?f_ri=12516"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=12516"},{"id":71554,"name":"Antipredator mechanisms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antipredator_mechanisms?f_ri=12516"},{"id":77200,"name":"Animal behaviour and predator prey relationships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_behaviour_and_predator_prey_relationships?f_ri=12516"},{"id":88930,"name":"Predation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":154367,"name":"Wolf Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wolf_Behavior?f_ri=12516"},{"id":161715,"name":"Vigilance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vigilance?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16504645" data-work_id="16504645" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16504645/Genesis_and_Ante_Adamic_Faunal_Predation">Genesis and Ante‐Adamic Faunal Predation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An Explanation For Why God Created Carnivorous and Predacious Fauna. This was written to address the popular interpretation that Genesis 1:30 absolutely demands that all antediluvian fauna were exclusively herbivorous. This... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16504645" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An Explanation For Why God Created Carnivorous and Predacious Fauna.<br /><br />This was written to address the popular interpretation that Genesis 1:30 absolutely demands that all antediluvian fauna were exclusively herbivorous. This interpretation is as popular as it is erroneous. (Primary audience is my fellow Jehovah's Witnesses.)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16504645" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="24f264a7544becdfee45fe1c0e795861" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40509959,"asset_id":16504645,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40509959/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2618173" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JimSeward">Jim Seward</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2618173" type="text/json">{"id":2618173,"first_name":"Jim","last_name":"Seward","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JimSeward","display_name":"Jim Seward","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JimSeward?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2618173/3648037/4278179/s65_jim.seward.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16504645 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16504645"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16504645, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16504645", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16504645 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16504645; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16504645"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16504645 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16504645"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16504645; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16504645]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16504645").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16504645").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16504645"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7411" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theodicy">Theodicy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7411" type="text/json">{"id":7411,"name":"Theodicy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theodicy?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20897" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_of_Genesis">Book of Genesis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20897" type="text/json">{"id":20897,"name":"Book of Genesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_of_Genesis?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="77200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_behaviour_and_predator_prey_relationships">Animal behaviour and predator prey relationships</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="77200" type="text/json">{"id":77200,"name":"Animal behaviour and predator prey relationships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_behaviour_and_predator_prey_relationships?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16504645]'), work: {"id":16504645,"title":"Genesis and Ante‐Adamic Faunal Predation","created_at":"2015-10-06T05:12:11.800-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16504645/Genesis_and_Ante_Adamic_Faunal_Predation?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_16504645","summary":"An Explanation For Why God Created Carnivorous and Predacious Fauna.\n\nThis was written to address the popular interpretation that Genesis 1:30 absolutely demands that all antediluvian fauna were exclusively herbivorous. This interpretation is as popular as it is erroneous. (Primary audience is my fellow Jehovah's Witnesses.)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40509959,"asset_id":16504645,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2618173,"first_name":"Jim","last_name":"Seward","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JimSeward","display_name":"Jim Seward","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JimSeward?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2618173/3648037/4278179/s65_jim.seward.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7411,"name":"Theodicy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theodicy?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":20897,"name":"Book of Genesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_of_Genesis?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":77200,"name":"Animal behaviour and predator prey relationships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_behaviour_and_predator_prey_relationships?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":88930,"name":"Predation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34610842" data-work_id="34610842" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34610842/Reciprocal_Intraguild_Predation_between_Alligator_mississippiensis_American_Alligator_and_Elasmobranchii_in_the_Southeastern_United_States">Reciprocal Intraguild Predation between Alligator mississippiensis (American Alligator) and Elasmobranchii in the Southeastern United States</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The food habits and predatory interactions of Alligator mississippiensis (Ameri-can Alligator) have been thoroughly studied within populations inhabiting inland freshwater ecosystems; however, it is increasingly evident that coastal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34610842" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The food habits and predatory interactions of Alligator mississippiensis (Ameri-can Alligator) have been thoroughly studied within populations inhabiting inland freshwater ecosystems; however, it is increasingly evident that coastal populations habitually forage in estuarine and nearshore marine ecosystems inhabited by other top predators. While few studies have been performed, data reported thus far from marine-foraging populations indicate individuals chiefly consume small-bodied prey such as crustaceans, fish, and wading birds. Nonetheless, capture and consumption of large-bodied marine prey such as multiple species of sea turtles and a single species of Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) have been documented. Here, we examine evidence regarding reciprocal intraguild predation between American Alligators and elasmobranchs. We provide the first evidence of American Alligator depredation of 4 Elasmobranchii species and review putative evidence for Elas-mobranchii depredation of American Alligators. We discuss the ecological significance of these interactions, draw comparisons to similar interactions experienced by other crocodil-ians, and recommend further avenues for research on the subject.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34610842" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6a01fe110e1551a77dc8cdc34cfc29aa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54476613,"asset_id":34610842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54476613/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="695296" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JamesNifong">James C Nifong</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="695296" type="text/json">{"id":695296,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Nifong","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesNifong","display_name":"James C Nifong","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesNifong?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/695296/248712/3867064/s65_james.nifong.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34610842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34610842"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34610842, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34610842", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34610842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34610842; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34610842"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34610842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34610842"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34610842; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34610842]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34610842").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34610842").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34610842"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8521" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crocodylians">Crocodylians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8521" type="text/json">{"id":8521,"name":"Crocodylians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crocodylians?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="86649" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elasmobranchs">Elasmobranchs</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="86649" type="text/json">{"id":86649,"name":"Elasmobranchs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elasmobranchs?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34610842]'), work: {"id":34610842,"title":"Reciprocal Intraguild Predation between Alligator mississippiensis (American Alligator) and Elasmobranchii in the Southeastern United States","created_at":"2017-09-19T12:20:18.730-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34610842/Reciprocal_Intraguild_Predation_between_Alligator_mississippiensis_American_Alligator_and_Elasmobranchii_in_the_Southeastern_United_States?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_34610842","summary":"The food habits and predatory interactions of Alligator mississippiensis (Ameri-can Alligator) have been thoroughly studied within populations inhabiting inland freshwater ecosystems; however, it is increasingly evident that coastal populations habitually forage in estuarine and nearshore marine ecosystems inhabited by other top predators. While few studies have been performed, data reported thus far from marine-foraging populations indicate individuals chiefly consume small-bodied prey such as crustaceans, fish, and wading birds. Nonetheless, capture and consumption of large-bodied marine prey such as multiple species of sea turtles and a single species of Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) have been documented. Here, we examine evidence regarding reciprocal intraguild predation between American Alligators and elasmobranchs. We provide the first evidence of American Alligator depredation of 4 Elasmobranchii species and review putative evidence for Elas-mobranchii depredation of American Alligators. We discuss the ecological significance of these interactions, draw comparisons to similar interactions experienced by other crocodil-ians, and recommend further avenues for research on the subject.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54476613,"asset_id":34610842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":54476596,"asset_id":34610842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":695296,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Nifong","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesNifong","display_name":"James C Nifong","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesNifong?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/695296/248712/3867064/s65_james.nifong.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8521,"name":"Crocodylians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crocodylians?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":86649,"name":"Elasmobranchs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elasmobranchs?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4018539" data-work_id="4018539" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4018539/Neanderthals_and_cave_hyenas_Co_existence_competition_or_conflict">Neanderthals and cave hyenas: Co-existence, competition or conflict?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Neanderthals and their predecessors co-existed with a number of large carnivores. Hence, the Neanderthal predatory niche was shaped by their co-existence with carnivores exploiting the same categories of prey. Here, I analyze cave hyena... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4018539" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Neanderthals and their predecessors co-existed with a number of large carnivores. Hence, the Neanderthal predatory niche was shaped by their co-existence with carnivores exploiting the same categories of prey. Here, I analyze cave hyena prey deposits and Neanderthal bone assemblages dating to MIS 3 and 4 to determine the degree of niche overlap between Neanderthals and large carnivores. The results suggest that although the exploited species overlap between Neanderthals and cave hyenas, the emphasis of exploitation was on different animal groups.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4018539" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="68309f1d2da96f38234dce6877faa025" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31671436,"asset_id":4018539,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31671436/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="253584" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/GerritDusseldorp">Gerrit Dusseldorp</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="253584" type="text/json">{"id":253584,"first_name":"Gerrit","last_name":"Dusseldorp","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"GerritDusseldorp","display_name":"Gerrit Dusseldorp","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/GerritDusseldorp?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/253584/93707/15060368/s65_gerrit.dusseldorp.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4018539 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4018539"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4018539, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4018539", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4018539 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4018539; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4018539"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4018539 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4018539"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4018539; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4018539]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4018539").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4018539").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4018539"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1624" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology">Zooarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1624" type="text/json">{"id":1624,"name":"Zooarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15780" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy">Taphonomy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15780" type="text/json">{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17472" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoecology">Palaeoecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17472" type="text/json">{"id":17472,"name":"Palaeoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4018539]'), work: {"id":4018539,"title":"Neanderthals and cave hyenas: Co-existence, competition or conflict?","created_at":"2013-07-12T19:46:08.829-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4018539/Neanderthals_and_cave_hyenas_Co_existence_competition_or_conflict?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_4018539","summary":"Neanderthals and their predecessors co-existed with a number of large carnivores. Hence, the Neanderthal predatory niche was shaped by their co-existence with carnivores exploiting the same categories of prey. Here, I analyze cave hyena prey deposits and Neanderthal bone assemblages dating to MIS 3 and 4 to determine the degree of niche overlap between Neanderthals and large carnivores. The results suggest that although the exploited species overlap between Neanderthals and cave hyenas, the emphasis of exploitation was on different animal groups.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31671436,"asset_id":4018539,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":253584,"first_name":"Gerrit","last_name":"Dusseldorp","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"GerritDusseldorp","display_name":"Gerrit Dusseldorp","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/GerritDusseldorp?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/253584/93707/15060368/s65_gerrit.dusseldorp.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1624,"name":"Zooarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":17472,"name":"Palaeoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":19652,"name":"Ecological Niche Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Niche_Modeling?f_ri=12516"},{"id":28126,"name":"Neanderthals (Palaeolithic Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neanderthals_Palaeolithic_Archaeology_?f_ri=12516"},{"id":41112,"name":"Middle Palaeolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Palaeolithic?f_ri=12516"},{"id":41578,"name":"Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherer_Archaeology?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13619482" data-work_id="13619482" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13619482/Beyond_Natural_Enemies_Wolves_and_Nomads_in_Mongolia">Beyond Natural Enemies: Wolves and Nomads in Mongolia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Social scientists and ecologists have too often portrayed wolves as part of human-wildlife conflicts and have thereby construed them primarily as a problem. To counter this view it is necessary to rethink human-wolf relationships by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13619482" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Social scientists and ecologists have too often portrayed wolves as part of human-wildlife conflicts and have thereby construed them primarily as a problem. To counter this view it is necessary to rethink human-wolf relationships by considering wolves as part of human life-worlds rather than just focusing on situations of conflict. I will draw on a case study of the Mongolian Tuva to show the complexity of relationships that animal herders may have with wolves, although their very existence is threatened by the predators. For the Tuva, wolves are predators, prey, sacred animals, healers, as well as neighbours. The underlying relational approach used in this article suggests that the meanings attributed to the wolf by the Tuva are not necessarily shaped by the media and other forms of public discourse, but develop through encounters with real wolves. Thus the animals themselves shape how they are conceived.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13619482" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eadc9e4f9c321b1ea1d6dac03edc6465" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38090262,"asset_id":13619482,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38090262/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32663861" href="https://uni-koblenz.academia.edu/ThorstenGieser">Thorsten Gieser</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32663861" type="text/json">{"id":32663861,"first_name":"Thorsten","last_name":"Gieser","domain_name":"uni-koblenz","page_name":"ThorstenGieser","display_name":"Thorsten Gieser","profile_url":"https://uni-koblenz.academia.edu/ThorstenGieser?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32663861/9753879/34481589/s65_thorsten.gieser.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13619482 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13619482"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13619482, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13619482", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13619482]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13619482").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13619482").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13619482"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">27</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="954" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology">Social Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="954" type="text/json">{"id":954,"name":"Social Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1625" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Animal_Relations">Human-Animal Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1625" type="text/json">{"id":1625,"name":"Human-Animal Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Animal_Relations?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3233" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Studies">Animal Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3233" type="text/json">{"id":3233,"name":"Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Studies?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13619482]'), work: {"id":13619482,"title":"Beyond Natural Enemies: Wolves and Nomads in Mongolia","created_at":"2015-07-04T07:36:18.974-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13619482/Beyond_Natural_Enemies_Wolves_and_Nomads_in_Mongolia?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_13619482","summary":"Social scientists and ecologists have too often portrayed wolves as part of human-wildlife conflicts and have thereby construed them primarily as a problem. To counter this view it is necessary to rethink human-wolf relationships by considering wolves as part of human life-worlds rather than just focusing on situations of conflict. I will draw on a case study of the Mongolian Tuva to show the complexity of relationships that animal herders may have with wolves, although their very existence is threatened by the predators. For the Tuva, wolves are predators, prey, sacred animals, healers, as well as neighbours. The underlying relational approach used in this article suggests that the meanings attributed to the wolf by the Tuva are not necessarily shaped by the media and other forms of public discourse, but develop through encounters with real wolves. Thus the animals themselves shape how they are conceived.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38090262,"asset_id":13619482,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32663861,"first_name":"Thorsten","last_name":"Gieser","domain_name":"uni-koblenz","page_name":"ThorstenGieser","display_name":"Thorsten Gieser","profile_url":"https://uni-koblenz.academia.edu/ThorstenGieser?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32663861/9753879/34481589/s65_thorsten.gieser.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":954,"name":"Social Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":1625,"name":"Human-Animal Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Animal_Relations?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":3233,"name":"Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Studies?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":3693,"name":"Pastoralism (Social Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pastoralism_Social_Anthropology_?f_ri=12516"},{"id":3729,"name":"Environmental Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Anthropology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":6034,"name":"Mongolian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mongolian_Studies?f_ri=12516"},{"id":7649,"name":"Traditional Ecological Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Ecological_Knowledge?f_ri=12516"},{"id":8331,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge?f_ri=12516"},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516"},{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=12516"},{"id":22415,"name":"Human-Animal Relationships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Animal_Relationships?f_ri=12516"},{"id":22650,"name":"Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia?f_ri=12516"},{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=12516"},{"id":23342,"name":"Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":24058,"name":"Animals in Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals_in_Culture?f_ri=12516"},{"id":26812,"name":"Human-Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Animal_Studies?f_ri=12516"},{"id":26905,"name":"Cultural Anthropology, Anthropology of Nomadic Societies; Oral Cultures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Anthropology_Anthropology_of_Nomadic_Societies_Oral_Cultures?f_ri=12516"},{"id":28797,"name":"Nomadism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nomadism?f_ri=12516"},{"id":29225,"name":"Anthropology of Hunting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Hunting?f_ri=12516"},{"id":77200,"name":"Animal behaviour and predator prey relationships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_behaviour_and_predator_prey_relationships?f_ri=12516"},{"id":88930,"name":"Predation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":267082,"name":"Wolves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wolves?f_ri=12516"},{"id":931247,"name":"Philosophy and Sociology of Human/animal Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_and_Sociology_of_Human_animal_Relations?f_ri=12516"},{"id":931864,"name":"Nomadic/Indigenous People","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nomadic_Indigenous_People?f_ri=12516"},{"id":1251448,"name":"Livestock Predation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livestock_Predation?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31571640" data-work_id="31571640" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31571640/Serpientes_una_vida_como_presas_y_depredadores">Serpientes: una vida como presas y depredadores</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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type="text/json">{"id":181,"name":"Herpetology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herpetology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134021" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snakes">Snakes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134021" type="text/json">{"id":134021,"name":"Snakes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snakes?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1319800" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Divulgation">Science Divulgation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1319800" type="text/json">{"id":1319800,"name":"Science Divulgation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Divulgation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31571640]'), work: {"id":31571640,"title":"Serpientes: una vida como presas y depredadores","created_at":"2017-02-22T21:01:36.244-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31571640/Serpientes_una_vida_como_presas_y_depredadores?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_31571640","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51906275,"asset_id":31571640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2308892,"first_name":"Ernesto","last_name":"Raya García","domain_name":"umich-mx","page_name":"ErnestoRayaGarcía","display_name":"Ernesto Raya García","profile_url":"https://umich-mx.academia.edu/ErnestoRayaGarc%C3%ADa?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2308892/731326/55184454/s65_ernesto.raya_garc_a.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":181,"name":"Herpetology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herpetology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":134021,"name":"Snakes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snakes?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":1319800,"name":"Science Divulgation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Divulgation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6980969" data-work_id="6980969" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6980969/Predation_by_Feral_Cats_Felis_catus_on_the_Rufous_Hare_wallaby_Lagorchestes_hirsutus_in_the_Tanami_Desert">Predation by Feral Cats, Felis catus, on the Rufous Hare-wallaby, Lagorchestes hirsutus, in the Tanami Desert</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6980969" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="535cc1809febefa403ec3859b89ffa58" rel="nofollow" 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data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="77366" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivores">Carnivores</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="77366" type="text/json">{"id":77366,"name":"Carnivores","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivores?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88930" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation">Predation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="88930" type="text/json">{"id":88930,"name":"Predation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4410972]'), work: 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Lerosey-Aubril, R., Steiner, M., Dunlop, J.A., Shu, D. & Paterson, J.R., 2018. Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan. National Science Review, 5(6): 863-869.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39053021" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4457a212b7999cb8e39d71e50e5aa9b3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59167280,"asset_id":39053021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59167280/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="155425" href="https://une-au.academia.edu/JohnPaterson">John Paterson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="155425" type="text/json">{"id":155425,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Paterson","domain_name":"une-au","page_name":"JohnPaterson","display_name":"John Paterson","profile_url":"https://une-au.academia.edu/JohnPaterson?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/155425/40361/37093/s65_john.paterson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39053021 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39053021"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39053021, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39053021", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39053021]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39053021").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39053021").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39053021"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78109" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambrian">Cambrian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78109" type="text/json">{"id":78109,"name":"Cambrian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambrian?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84941" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambrian_Ecosystem">Cambrian Ecosystem</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="84941" type="text/json">{"id":84941,"name":"Cambrian Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambrian_Ecosystem?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39053021]'), work: {"id":39053021,"title":"Liu, J., Lerosey-Aubril, R., Steiner, M., Dunlop, J.A., Shu, D. \u0026 Paterson, J.R., 2018. 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Dengan demikian, pemangsa yang dieksploitasi dengan usaha pemanenan tetap... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35523414" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dari simulasi model dapat disimpulkan bahwa spesies mangsa dan pemangsa tidak akan punah seiring berjalannya waktu dengan mengaplikasikan nilai usaha pemanenan. Dengan demikian, pemangsa yang dieksploitasi dengan usaha pemanenan tetap akan lestari untuk waktu yang panjang dan memberikan keuntungan maksimal.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35523414" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="891f5e141ce38ab078b124922a935e34" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55388659,"asset_id":35523414,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55388659/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29553708" href="https://hendiyanbudiarto.academia.edu/latifahsepty">ICa Math</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29553708" type="text/json">{"id":29553708,"first_name":"ICa","last_name":"Math","domain_name":"hendiyanbudiarto","page_name":"latifahsepty","display_name":"ICa Math","profile_url":"https://hendiyanbudiarto.academia.edu/latifahsepty?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29553708/10388565/34968405/s65_ica.math.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35523414 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35523414"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35523414, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35523414", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35523414]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35523414").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35523414").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35523414"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="263040" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pendidikan_Matematika">Pendidikan Matematika</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="263040" type="text/json">{"id":263040,"name":"Pendidikan Matematika","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pendidikan_Matematika?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="840711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pemodelan_Matematika">Pemodelan Matematika</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="840711" type="text/json">{"id":840711,"name":"Pemodelan Matematika","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pemodelan_Matematika?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35523414]'), work: {"id":35523414,"title":"PEMODELAN MATEMATIKA ANALISIS DINAMIK MODEL POPULASI MANGSA PEMANGSA DENGAN WILAYAH RESERVASI DAN PEMANENAN PEMANGSA","created_at":"2017-12-27T20:20:24.512-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35523414/PEMODELAN_MATEMATIKA_ANALISIS_DINAMIK_MODEL_POPULASI_MANGSA_PEMANGSA_DENGAN_WILAYAH_RESERVASI_DAN_PEMANENAN_PEMANGSA?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_35523414","summary":"Dari simulasi model dapat disimpulkan bahwa spesies mangsa dan pemangsa tidak akan punah seiring berjalannya waktu dengan mengaplikasikan nilai usaha pemanenan. Dengan demikian, pemangsa yang dieksploitasi dengan usaha pemanenan tetap akan lestari untuk waktu yang panjang dan memberikan keuntungan maksimal.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55388659,"asset_id":35523414,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29553708,"first_name":"ICa","last_name":"Math","domain_name":"hendiyanbudiarto","page_name":"latifahsepty","display_name":"ICa Math","profile_url":"https://hendiyanbudiarto.academia.edu/latifahsepty?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29553708/10388565/34968405/s65_ica.math.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":263040,"name":"Pendidikan Matematika","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pendidikan_Matematika?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":840711,"name":"Pemodelan Matematika","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pemodelan_Matematika?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41350215" data-work_id="41350215" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41350215/Feeding_on_giants_consumption_of_anacondas_by_jaguars">Feeding on giants: consumption of anacondas by jaguars</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Renata Leite Pitman1,2*, Tor Bertin3, Valeria Moreno Gimenes2, Armando Mendoza2, Emeterio Nunonca Sencia2, Lucas Huaman2 and Arjan Jongeneel4 1 Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41350215" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Renata Leite Pitman1,2*, Tor Bertin3, Valeria Moreno Gimenes2, Armando Mendoza2, Emeterio Nunonca Sencia2, Lucas Huaman2 and Arjan Jongeneel4<br /><br />1 Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina *<<a href="mailto:renata.leite@duke.edu" rel="nofollow">renata.leite@duke.edu</a>><br />2 AREAS Project, World Wildlife Fund, Los Amigos Biological Station, Madre de Dios, Peru<br />3 Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.<br />4 The Bookie Photography<br /><br />The jaguar Panthera onca overlaps parts of its South American range with anacondas Eunectes spp. Despite the potential for spatial and dietary overlap between these spe- cies, very little is reported about behavioural interactions between jaguars and these snake species. Here, we present a review of consumption events between jaguars and anacondas, and report on two novel observations of said behaviours. The first was a green anaconda that was consumed by a jaguar in Madre de Dios, Peru. The second was a yellow anaconda being disputed by a mother jaguar and its cub.<br /><br />ISSN 1027-2992</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41350215" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e9b26d05d2038cf82a42c75b53d6413e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61552196,"asset_id":41350215,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61552196/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="121230" href="https://duke.academia.edu/RenataLeitePitman">Renata Leite Pitman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="121230" type="text/json">{"id":121230,"first_name":"Renata","last_name":"Leite Pitman","domain_name":"duke","page_name":"RenataLeitePitman","display_name":"Renata Leite Pitman","profile_url":"https://duke.academia.edu/RenataLeitePitman?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/121230/85755/19748303/s65_renata.leite_pitman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41350215 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41350215"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41350215, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41350215", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41350215]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41350215").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41350215").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41350215"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17890" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivore_Ecology">Carnivore Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17890" type="text/json">{"id":17890,"name":"Carnivore Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivore_Ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="260408" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaguar">Jaguar</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="260408" type="text/json">{"id":260408,"name":"Jaguar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaguar?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="265412" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaguar_Ecology_and_Conservation">Jaguar Ecology and Conservation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="265412" type="text/json">{"id":265412,"name":"Jaguar Ecology and Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaguar_Ecology_and_Conservation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41350215]'), work: {"id":41350215,"title":"Feeding on giants: consumption of anacondas by jaguars","created_at":"2019-12-18T09:23:38.982-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41350215/Feeding_on_giants_consumption_of_anacondas_by_jaguars?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_41350215","summary":"Renata Leite Pitman1,2*, Tor Bertin3, Valeria Moreno Gimenes2, Armando Mendoza2, Emeterio Nunonca Sencia2, Lucas Huaman2 and Arjan Jongeneel4\n\n1 Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina *\u003crenata.leite@duke.edu\u003e\n2 AREAS Project, World Wildlife Fund, Los Amigos Biological Station, Madre de Dios, Peru\n3 Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.\n4 The Bookie Photography\n\nThe jaguar Panthera onca overlaps parts of its South American range with anacondas Eunectes spp. Despite the potential for spatial and dietary overlap between these spe- cies, very little is reported about behavioural interactions between jaguars and these snake species. Here, we present a review of consumption events between jaguars and anacondas, and report on two novel observations of said behaviours. The first was a green anaconda that was consumed by a jaguar in Madre de Dios, Peru. The second was a yellow anaconda being disputed by a mother jaguar and its cub.\n\nISSN 1027-2992","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61552196,"asset_id":41350215,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":121230,"first_name":"Renata","last_name":"Leite Pitman","domain_name":"duke","page_name":"RenataLeitePitman","display_name":"Renata Leite Pitman","profile_url":"https://duke.academia.edu/RenataLeitePitman?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/121230/85755/19748303/s65_renata.leite_pitman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":17890,"name":"Carnivore Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivore_Ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":260408,"name":"Jaguar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaguar?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":265412,"name":"Jaguar Ecology and Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaguar_Ecology_and_Conservation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":291613,"name":"Apex Predators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apex_Predators?f_ri=12516"},{"id":1737583,"name":"Anaconda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anaconda?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11855657" data-work_id="11855657" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11855657/Livestock_Management_for_Coexistence_with_Large_Carnivores_Healthy_Land_and_Productive_Ranches">Livestock Management for Coexistence with Large Carnivores, Healthy Land and Productive Ranches</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Livestock – large carnivore coexistence practitioners can be more effective by expanding from a direct focus on carnivores and predation-prevention tools to the broader social-ecological context of ranches and rural communities,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11855657" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Livestock – large carnivore coexistence practitioners can be more effective by expanding from a direct focus on carnivores and predation-prevention tools to the broader social-ecological context of ranches and rural communities, especially livestock management. Ranchers can apply many of the same approaches that work for rangeland health and livestock production to reduce conflicts with large carnivores. This paper synthesizes evidence from the rangeland, wildlife, and animal sciences into a cohesive argument: modeling livestock management after the grazing patterns and reproductive cycles of wild ungulates in the presence of their predators can improve rangeland health and livestock production—and increase the ability of ranching operations to coexist with native carnivores. The central anti-predator behavior of wild grazing animals is to form large, dense herds that then move around the landscape to seek fresh forage, avoid fouled areas, and escape predators. They also have their young in short, synchronized birthing seasons (predator satiation). Grazing management involving high stocking density and frequent movement, such as rotational grazing and herding with low-stress livestock handling, can improve rangeland health and livestock production, by managing the distribution of grazing across time, space, and plant species. Short calving seasons can increase livestock production and reduce labor inputs, especially when timed to coincide with peak availability of forage quality. Such livestock management approaches based on anti-predator behaviors of wild ungulates may directly and synergistically reduce predation risk—while simultaneously establishing a management context in which other predation-prevention practices and tools can be used more effectively.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11855657" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6dd2f1c46d4756c091b8f7190070e1e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42591674,"asset_id":11855657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42591674/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3646884" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MattBarnes1">Matt Barnes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3646884" type="text/json">{"id":3646884,"first_name":"Matt","last_name":"Barnes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MattBarnes1","display_name":"Matt Barnes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MattBarnes1?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3646884/1284007/65024110/s65_matt.barnes.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11855657 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11855657"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11855657, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11855657", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11855657]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11855657").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11855657").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11855657"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7020" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grazing_and_Range_Management">Grazing and Range Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7020" type="text/json">{"id":7020,"name":"Grazing and Range Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grazing_and_Range_Management?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17890" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivore_Ecology">Carnivore Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17890" type="text/json">{"id":17890,"name":"Carnivore Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivore_Ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26191" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Carnivores">Large Carnivores</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26191" type="text/json">{"id":26191,"name":"Large Carnivores","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Carnivores?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11855657]'), work: {"id":11855657,"title":"Livestock Management for Coexistence with Large Carnivores, Healthy Land and Productive Ranches","created_at":"2015-04-08T14:03:57.668-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11855657/Livestock_Management_for_Coexistence_with_Large_Carnivores_Healthy_Land_and_Productive_Ranches?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_11855657","summary":"Livestock – large carnivore coexistence practitioners can be more effective by expanding from a direct focus on carnivores and predation-prevention tools to the broader social-ecological context of ranches and rural communities, especially livestock management. Ranchers can apply many of the same approaches that work for rangeland health and livestock production to reduce conflicts with large carnivores. This paper synthesizes evidence from the rangeland, wildlife, and animal sciences into a cohesive argument: modeling livestock management after the grazing patterns and reproductive cycles of wild ungulates in the presence of their predators can improve rangeland health and livestock production—and increase the ability of ranching operations to coexist with native carnivores. The central anti-predator behavior of wild grazing animals is to form large, dense herds that then move around the landscape to seek fresh forage, avoid fouled areas, and escape predators. They also have their young in short, synchronized birthing seasons (predator satiation). Grazing management involving high stocking density and frequent movement, such as rotational grazing and herding with low-stress livestock handling, can improve rangeland health and livestock production, by managing the distribution of grazing across time, space, and plant species. Short calving seasons can increase livestock production and reduce labor inputs, especially when timed to coincide with peak availability of forage quality. Such livestock management approaches based on anti-predator behaviors of wild ungulates may directly and synergistically reduce predation risk—while simultaneously establishing a management context in which other predation-prevention practices and tools can be used more effectively.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42591674,"asset_id":11855657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3646884,"first_name":"Matt","last_name":"Barnes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MattBarnes1","display_name":"Matt Barnes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MattBarnes1?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3646884/1284007/65024110/s65_matt.barnes.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7020,"name":"Grazing and Range Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grazing_and_Range_Management?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":17890,"name":"Carnivore Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivore_Ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":26191,"name":"Large Carnivores","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Carnivores?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":86614,"name":"Carnivore conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivore_conservation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":148384,"name":"Carnivore-Human Relationships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carnivore-Human_Relationships?f_ri=12516"},{"id":223957,"name":"Livestock Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livestock_Management?f_ri=12516"},{"id":280508,"name":"Human-Wildlife relationships, with particular reference on human perceptions of, and attitudes towards, large carnivores and their depredations on 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u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14313170/Nociceptive_Sensitization_Reduces_Predation_Risk">Nociceptive Sensitization Reduces Predation Risk</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14313170" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e917cb256c914f07c88cda2348b3f729" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44332187,"asset_id":14313170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25730" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Ecology">Behavioral Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25730" type="text/json">{"id":25730,"name":"Behavioral Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14313170]'), work: {"id":14313170,"title":"Nociceptive Sensitization Reduces Predation Risk","created_at":"2015-07-22T16:10:34.880-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14313170/Nociceptive_Sensitization_Reduces_Predation_Risk?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_14313170","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44332187,"asset_id":14313170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33266040,"first_name":"Edgar","last_name":"Walters","domain_name":"tmc","page_name":"EdgarWalters","display_name":"Edgar T 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href="https://www.academia.edu/50349218/AN_EXTENSION_TO_WOLF_SHEEP_PREDATION_DOCKED_HYBRID_AGENT_BASED_MODEL_IN_NETLOGO">AN EXTENSION TO WOLF SHEEP PREDATION (DOCKED HYBRID) AGENT-BASED MODEL IN NETLOGO</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In old Wolf Sheep Predator and Prey model a relationship among two different types of models is shown in a relatively natural ecosystem using NetLogo. One of these is a simple mobile agent-based model for simulation while other is an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50349218" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In old Wolf Sheep Predator and Prey model a relationship among two different types of models is shown in a relatively natural ecosystem using NetLogo. One of these is a simple mobile agent-based model for simulation while other is an aggregate model. Evaluation of both the models can be done in one by one manner or by using parallel comparison button to see behavior of both the models for the same inputs. Agent based model also captures very basics of the reality to make simulation. In this model, a random procedure is used to simulate wandering of predator (Wolves) and Prey (Sheep) in specified area. A fixed gain in energy is awarded to the Wolf on each interaction with Prey while each step on which this type of interaction is not taking place, causes a constant decrease in energy. Thus, for wolves to survive it is necessary to eat sheep to regain their energies otherwise they will start dying due to lack of energy. This construct has an assumption that reproduce rate or birth rates of wolves and sheep have a constant probability and is proportional to the population of both species. Aggregate model is a construct that is modelled using system dynamics and only consists of standard LotkaVolterra equations of predator and prey. But our new extension to this old model introduced a third agent property Food (Grass) as a competitor to make it more realistic. Now the interaction of these agents has introduced more complexity in the model and also altered the equilibrium parameters. When sheep encounters a cell with grass it eats it only if his energy is not reached to its maximum limit. Each grassy cell adds in energy of the sheep. Model initially have the assumption that probability of reproduction time of grass at each cell is constant. After, we also have introduced a new docked model for comparison between newly created Wolf-Sheep agent based model and chained aggregated model. The comparison shown that for all equilibrium states actual Wolves in agent-based model are 3 times lesser than in system dynamics aggregated model.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50349218" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77008274a9d9c6115338ed06390b3d51" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68370241,"asset_id":50349218,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68370241/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="102085432" href="https://independent.academia.edu/jseis">Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="102085432" type="text/json">{"id":102085432,"first_name":"Journal of Software Engineering","last_name":"\u0026 Intelligent Systems","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"jseis","display_name":"Journal of Software Engineering \u0026 Intelligent Systems","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/jseis?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102085432/45317716/35378599/s65_journal_of_software_engineering._intelligent_systems.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50349218 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50349218"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50349218, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50349218", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50349218]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50349218").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50349218").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50349218"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Dynamics">System Dynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11592" type="text/json">{"id":11592,"name":"System Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Dynamics?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72690" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Netlogo">Netlogo</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72690" type="text/json">{"id":72690,"name":"Netlogo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Netlogo?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4033311" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agen_Based_Predator_Prey_Model">Agen-Based Predator-Prey Model</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4033311" type="text/json">{"id":4033311,"name":"Agen-Based Predator-Prey Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agen_Based_Predator_Prey_Model?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50349218]'), work: {"id":50349218,"title":"AN EXTENSION TO WOLF SHEEP PREDATION (DOCKED HYBRID) AGENT-BASED MODEL IN NETLOGO","created_at":"2021-07-29T01:52:00.338-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50349218/AN_EXTENSION_TO_WOLF_SHEEP_PREDATION_DOCKED_HYBRID_AGENT_BASED_MODEL_IN_NETLOGO?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_50349218","summary":"In old Wolf Sheep Predator and Prey model a relationship among two different types of models is shown in a relatively natural ecosystem using NetLogo. One of these is a simple mobile agent-based model for simulation while other is an aggregate model. Evaluation of both the models can be done in one by one manner or by using parallel comparison button to see behavior of both the models for the same inputs. Agent based model also captures very basics of the reality to make simulation. In this model, a random procedure is used to simulate wandering of predator (Wolves) and Prey (Sheep) in specified area. A fixed gain in energy is awarded to the Wolf on each interaction with Prey while each step on which this type of interaction is not taking place, causes a constant decrease in energy. Thus, for wolves to survive it is necessary to eat sheep to regain their energies otherwise they will start dying due to lack of energy. This construct has an assumption that reproduce rate or birth rates of wolves and sheep have a constant probability and is proportional to the population of both species. Aggregate model is a construct that is modelled using system dynamics and only consists of standard LotkaVolterra equations of predator and prey. But our new extension to this old model introduced a third agent property Food (Grass) as a competitor to make it more realistic. Now the interaction of these agents has introduced more complexity in the model and also altered the equilibrium parameters. When sheep encounters a cell with grass it eats it only if his energy is not reached to its maximum limit. Each grassy cell adds in energy of the sheep. Model initially have the assumption that probability of reproduction time of grass at each cell is constant. After, we also have introduced a new docked model for comparison between newly created Wolf-Sheep agent based model and chained aggregated model. The comparison shown that for all equilibrium states actual Wolves in agent-based model are 3 times lesser than in system dynamics aggregated model.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68370241,"asset_id":50349218,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":102085432,"first_name":"Journal of Software Engineering","last_name":"\u0026 Intelligent Systems","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"jseis","display_name":"Journal of Software Engineering \u0026 Intelligent Systems","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/jseis?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102085432/45317716/35378599/s65_journal_of_software_engineering._intelligent_systems.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11592,"name":"System Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Dynamics?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":72690,"name":"Netlogo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Netlogo?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":4033311,"name":"Agen-Based Predator-Prey Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agen_Based_Predator_Prey_Model?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42065500" data-work_id="42065500" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42065500/THEORIES_OF_DESTRUCTIVE_TECHNOLOGIES_FOR_INDUSTRIAL_AND_CORPORATE_CHANGE_A_SHORT_OVERVIEW_WITH_STRATEGIC_MANAGEMENT_IMPLICATIONS_IN_COMPETITION_A_B">THEORIES OF DESTRUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR INDUSTRIAL AND CORPORATE CHANGE: A SHORT OVERVIEW WITH STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS IN COMPETITION A B</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">What is a disruptive innovation? This study confronts this question here by presenting different approaches, which endeavor to explain the dynamic behavior of disruptive technologies in competitive markets. Firstly, this study introduces... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42065500" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">What is a disruptive innovation?  This study confronts this question here by presenting different approaches, which endeavor to explain the dynamic behavior of disruptive technologies in competitive markets. Firstly, this study introduces destructive technology as a radical innovation, based on new products and/or processes, which with high technical and/or economic performance destroys the usage value of established techniques previously sold and used in markets, generating technological, industrial, economic and social change. Then, this study explains the behavior of disruptive technologies with different models: approach of revolutionary innovation by Abernathy and Clark, disruptive technologies by Christensen, competitive substitution by Fisher and Pry, predator-prey relation by Farrell and killer technology by Coccia. These approaches are in many ways complementary and a full understanding of the characteristics of disruptive technologies in markets requires an appreciation of all approaches and more. Finally, this study shows some consequences of disruptive innovation for new entrant, incumbent firm and markets in a setting of competition with firm-level strategies for sustaining and safeguarding competitive advantage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42065500" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69a3431081638a47e39389e4625f7c17" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62192295,"asset_id":42065500,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62192295/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26674498" href="https://cnr-it.academia.edu/marioCoccia">Mario Coccia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26674498" type="text/json">{"id":26674498,"first_name":"Mario","last_name":"Coccia","domain_name":"cnr-it","page_name":"marioCoccia","display_name":"Mario Coccia","profile_url":"https://cnr-it.academia.edu/marioCoccia?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26674498/7432307/54251526/s65_mario.coccia.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42065500 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42065500"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42065500, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42065500", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42065500]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42065500").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42065500").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42065500"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6631" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_of_Innovation">Economics of Innovation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6631" type="text/json">{"id":6631,"name":"Economics of Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_of_Innovation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22091" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radical_Innovation">Radical Innovation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22091" type="text/json">{"id":22091,"name":"Radical Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radical_Innovation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disruptive_Innovation">Disruptive Innovation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22132" type="text/json">{"id":22132,"name":"Disruptive Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disruptive_Innovation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42065500]'), work: {"id":42065500,"title":"THEORIES OF DESTRUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR INDUSTRIAL AND CORPORATE CHANGE: A SHORT OVERVIEW WITH STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS IN COMPETITION A B","created_at":"2020-02-25T04:06:35.285-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42065500/THEORIES_OF_DESTRUCTIVE_TECHNOLOGIES_FOR_INDUSTRIAL_AND_CORPORATE_CHANGE_A_SHORT_OVERVIEW_WITH_STRATEGIC_MANAGEMENT_IMPLICATIONS_IN_COMPETITION_A_B?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_42065500","summary":"What is a disruptive innovation? This study confronts this question here by presenting different approaches, which endeavor to explain the dynamic behavior of disruptive technologies in competitive markets. Firstly, this study introduces destructive technology as a radical innovation, based on new products and/or processes, which with high technical and/or economic performance destroys the usage value of established techniques previously sold and used in markets, generating technological, industrial, economic and social change. Then, this study explains the behavior of disruptive technologies with different models: approach of revolutionary innovation by Abernathy and Clark, disruptive technologies by Christensen, competitive substitution by Fisher and Pry, predator-prey relation by Farrell and killer technology by Coccia. These approaches are in many ways complementary and a full understanding of the characteristics of disruptive technologies in markets requires an appreciation of all approaches and more. Finally, this study shows some consequences of disruptive innovation for new entrant, incumbent firm and markets in a setting of competition with firm-level strategies for sustaining and safeguarding competitive advantage.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62192295,"asset_id":42065500,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26674498,"first_name":"Mario","last_name":"Coccia","domain_name":"cnr-it","page_name":"marioCoccia","display_name":"Mario Coccia","profile_url":"https://cnr-it.academia.edu/marioCoccia?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26674498/7432307/54251526/s65_mario.coccia.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6631,"name":"Economics of Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_of_Innovation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":22091,"name":"Radical Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radical_Innovation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":22132,"name":"Disruptive Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disruptive_Innovation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":27683,"name":"Management of innovation (Economics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management_of_innovation_Economics_?f_ri=12516"},{"id":42613,"name":"Economics of Science and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":45764,"name":"Disruptive Technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disruptive_Technologies?f_ri=12516"},{"id":59546,"name":"New Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Technology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":184861,"name":"Disruptive technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disruptive_technology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":291927,"name":"Industrial Competitiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Competitiveness?f_ri=12516"},{"id":395455,"name":"Technological competition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technological_competition?f_ri=12516"},{"id":406924,"name":"Technological advancement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technological_advancement?f_ri=12516"},{"id":931697,"name":"Innovation \u0026 Change Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innovation_and_Change_Management-1?f_ri=12516"},{"id":1000067,"name":"Technoloy Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technoloy_Strategy?f_ri=12516"},{"id":3564945,"name":"killer technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/killer_technology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":3566196,"name":"revolutionary innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/revolutionary_innovation?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15585413 coauthored" data-work_id="15585413" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15585413/Birds_in_Forest_Ecosystems">Birds in Forest Ecosystems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Birds have been associated with forests as long as there have been birds. Since their origin, birds have diversified to occupy a remarkable array of habitats and foraging strategies, unparalleled by any other terrestrial vertebrate. Over... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15585413" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Birds have been associated with forests as long as there have been birds. Since their origin, birds have diversified to occupy a remarkable array of habitats and <br />foraging strategies, unparalleled by any other terrestrial vertebrate. Over the eons, <br />birds have formed intimate relationships between their habitats, their prey, and formed tight <br />symbiotic relationships, such as flower-pollinator symbiosis. Because the majority of birds are <br />conspicuous and relatively easy to study, they are among the best studied animals in forested <br />ecosystems. <br />Despite their relative ease of being detected, new birds are still being discovered, particularly <br />in the rainforests of the Neotropics and Southeast Asia. Currently, there are between approximately 10,300 (<a href="http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/info/" rel="nofollow">www.birdlife.org/datazone/info/</a> <br />taxonomy; <a href="http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist" rel="nofollow">www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist</a>) to 10,546 accepted extant species of birds. The exact number of avian species is unknown since we <br />still debate species concepts, new species are still being discovered, and the loss of species <br />through extinctions is happening in real time. The importance <br />of forests to birds cannot be overstated: forests are home to about 75 percent of avian species <br />and comprise the primary habitat of the majority of bird species. The <br />highest diversity of birds (>5,000 species) occurs in lowland tropical and subtropical forests near <br />the Equator in the Americas and Africa and 25°N in Southeast Asia and declines towards the <br />poles.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15585413" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="42337385d29000d5a07c94d1c3bede4d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38730041,"asset_id":15585413,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38730041/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6451284" href="https://wilkes.academia.edu/JeffStratford">Jeff Stratford</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6451284" type="text/json">{"id":6451284,"first_name":"Jeff","last_name":"Stratford","domain_name":"wilkes","page_name":"JeffStratford","display_name":"Jeff Stratford","profile_url":"https://wilkes.academia.edu/JeffStratford?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451284/2605246/3025990/s65_jeff.stratford.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-15585413">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-15585413"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://utah.academia.edu/CaganSekercioglu">Cagan Sekercioglu</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-15585413'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-15585413').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15585413 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15585413"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15585413; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15585413]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15585413").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15585413").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15585413"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">32</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="756" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Economics">Environmental Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="756" type="text/json">{"id":756,"name":"Environmental Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Economics?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1041" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry">Forestry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1041" type="text/json">{"id":1041,"name":"Forestry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15585413]'), work: {"id":15585413,"title":"Birds in Forest Ecosystems","created_at":"2015-09-10T14:42:43.526-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15585413/Birds_in_Forest_Ecosystems?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_15585413","summary":"Birds have been associated with forests as long as there have been birds. Since their origin, birds have diversified to occupy a remarkable array of habitats and\r\nforaging strategies, unparalleled by any other terrestrial vertebrate. Over the eons,\r\nbirds have formed intimate relationships between their habitats, their prey, and formed tight\r\nsymbiotic relationships, such as flower-pollinator symbiosis. Because the majority of birds are\r\nconspicuous and relatively easy to study, they are among the best studied animals in forested\r\necosystems.\r\nDespite their relative ease of being detected, new birds are still being discovered, particularly\r\nin the rainforests of the Neotropics and Southeast Asia. Currently, there are between approximately 10,300 (www.birdlife.org/datazone/info/\r\ntaxonomy; www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist) to 10,546 accepted extant species of birds. The exact number of avian species is unknown since we\r\nstill debate species concepts, new species are still being discovered, and the loss of species\r\nthrough extinctions is happening in real time. The importance\r\nof forests to birds cannot be overstated: forests are home to about 75 percent of avian species\r\nand comprise the primary habitat of the majority of bird species. The\r\nhighest diversity of birds (\u003e5,000 species) occurs in lowland tropical and subtropical forests near\r\nthe Equator in the Americas and Africa and 25°N in Southeast Asia and declines towards the\r\npoles.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38730041,"asset_id":15585413,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6451284,"first_name":"Jeff","last_name":"Stratford","domain_name":"wilkes","page_name":"JeffStratford","display_name":"Jeff Stratford","profile_url":"https://wilkes.academia.edu/JeffStratford?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451284/2605246/3025990/s65_jeff.stratford.jpg"},{"id":24258459,"first_name":"Cagan","last_name":"Sekercioglu","domain_name":"utah","page_name":"CaganSekercioglu","display_name":"Cagan Sekercioglu","profile_url":"https://utah.academia.edu/CaganSekercioglu?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24258459/6595187/11213078/s65_cagan.sekercioglu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":756,"name":"Environmental Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Economics?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":1041,"name":"Forestry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=12516"},{"id":2312,"name":"Ecosystem Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem_Services?f_ri=12516"},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=12516"},{"id":4011,"name":"Ecological Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Economics?f_ri=12516"},{"id":4267,"name":"Community Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Ecology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":4816,"name":"Tropical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Ecology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":6963,"name":"Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_and_Ecosystem_Function?f_ri=12516"},{"id":7653,"name":"Forest Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=12516"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":7972,"name":"Seed Dispersal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seed_Dispersal?f_ri=12516"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=12516"},{"id":11190,"name":"Pollination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pollination?f_ri=12516"},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516"},{"id":17823,"name":"Biogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogeography?f_ri=12516"},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=12516"},{"id":17829,"name":"Forest Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=12516"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":24646,"name":"Food web ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_web_ecology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":48494,"name":"Biodiversity Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_Conservation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":56254,"name":"Biodiversity Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_Research?f_ri=12516"},{"id":78005,"name":"Tropical Forest Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Forest_Ecology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=12516"},{"id":180087,"name":"Scavenging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scavenging?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13133155" data-work_id="13133155" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13133155/Responses_of_leopard_Panthera_pardus_to_the_recovery_of_a_tiger_Panthera_tigris_population">Responses of leopard Panthera pardus to the recovery of a tiger Panthera tigris population</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1. Several conservation initiatives are aiming to improve the status of the rapidly dwindling populations of tiger Panthera tigris. However, possible cascading effects of intra-guild competition on other sympatric carnivores are rarely... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13133155" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1. Several conservation initiatives are aiming to improve the status of the rapidly dwindling populations of tiger Panthera tigris. However, possible cascading effects of intra-guild competition on other sympatric carnivores are rarely considered while planning such recovery programmes.<br /><br />2. In this study, we examine how, following the reduction of anthropogenic pressures by relocation of pastoralists, a recovering tiger population affects leopards Panthera pardus in the Chilla Range of Rajaji National Park (RNP), India. By combining data gathered over 4 years (2004–2005 to 2007–2008) on prey availability, food habits and population density of the two predators, we investigate some of the mechanisms of niche partitioning.<br /><br />3. Based on existing information, we predicted that there would be high dietary overlap between the two predators. Over time, optimal habitats would be dominated by tigers forcing leopards to the periphery of the protected area where they would subsist on small prey and domestic livestock. Consequently, leopards would occur at a lower density where sympatric with tigers.<br /><br />4. Our results confirmed that annual dietary overlap (0·89, 0·82, 0·78, 0·77) between the two predators was high during the study. As expected, we observed a shift in the diet of leopards towards a significantly higher intake of domestic prey (∼6·8% to ∼31·8%) and small prey (∼9% to ∼36%). Mean leopard density declined from 9·76 animals per 100 km2 in 2004–2005 to 2·07 per 100 km2 in 2007–2008, while the mean density of tigers increased from 3·31 per 100 km2 to 5·81 per 100 km2 over the same period.<br /><br />5. Synthesis and applications. Although based on small sample sizes, our study revealed that over the 4 years following the relocation of pastoralists out of RNP, the tiger population recovered but leopard densities declined sharply. The concurrent shift in leopard diet indicated heightened livestock depredation from the surrounding area. Therefore, it is important that conservation initiatives targeting the recovery of tigers should be preceded by careful examination of interspecific interactions with sympatric carnivores. Comprehensive human–carnivore conflict management measures like monitoring the extent of livestock depredation, improving livestock management and providing adequate compensation and/or insurance schemes are critical for successfully implementing such conservation efforts.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13133155" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c85dd9f187c08a3f970f04d383c551a6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37957336,"asset_id":13133155,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37957336/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32366214" href="https://panthera.academia.edu/AbishekHarihar">Abishek Harihar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32366214" type="text/json">{"id":32366214,"first_name":"Abishek","last_name":"Harihar","domain_name":"panthera","page_name":"AbishekHarihar","display_name":"Abishek Harihar","profile_url":"https://panthera.academia.edu/AbishekHarihar?f_ri=12516","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13133155 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13133155"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13133155, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13133155", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13133155]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13133155").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13133155").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13133155"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71075" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tiger_ecology">Tiger ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71075" type="text/json">{"id":71075,"name":"Tiger ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tiger_ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="100815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tiger">Tiger</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="100815" type="text/json">{"id":100815,"name":"Tiger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tiger?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="105860" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tigers_big_cats_conservation">Tigers big cats conservation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="105860" type="text/json">{"id":105860,"name":"Tigers big cats conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tigers_big_cats_conservation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13133155]'), work: {"id":13133155,"title":"Responses of leopard Panthera pardus to the recovery of a tiger Panthera tigris population","created_at":"2015-06-20T23:20:25.783-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13133155/Responses_of_leopard_Panthera_pardus_to_the_recovery_of_a_tiger_Panthera_tigris_population?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_13133155","summary":"1. Several conservation initiatives are aiming to improve the status of the rapidly dwindling populations of tiger Panthera tigris. However, possible cascading effects of intra-guild competition on other sympatric carnivores are rarely considered while planning such recovery programmes.\n\n2. In this study, we examine how, following the reduction of anthropogenic pressures by relocation of pastoralists, a recovering tiger population affects leopards Panthera pardus in the Chilla Range of Rajaji National Park (RNP), India. By combining data gathered over 4 years (2004–2005 to 2007–2008) on prey availability, food habits and population density of the two predators, we investigate some of the mechanisms of niche partitioning.\n\n3. Based on existing information, we predicted that there would be high dietary overlap between the two predators. Over time, optimal habitats would be dominated by tigers forcing leopards to the periphery of the protected area where they would subsist on small prey and domestic livestock. Consequently, leopards would occur at a lower density where sympatric with tigers.\n\n4. Our results confirmed that annual dietary overlap (0·89, 0·82, 0·78, 0·77) between the two predators was high during the study. As expected, we observed a shift in the diet of leopards towards a significantly higher intake of domestic prey (∼6·8% to ∼31·8%) and small prey (∼9% to ∼36%). Mean leopard density declined from 9·76 animals per 100 km2 in 2004–2005 to 2·07 per 100 km2 in 2007–2008, while the mean density of tigers increased from 3·31 per 100 km2 to 5·81 per 100 km2 over the same period.\n\n5. Synthesis and applications. Although based on small sample sizes, our study revealed that over the 4 years following the relocation of pastoralists out of RNP, the tiger population recovered but leopard densities declined sharply. The concurrent shift in leopard diet indicated heightened livestock depredation from the surrounding area. Therefore, it is important that conservation initiatives targeting the recovery of tigers should be preceded by careful examination of interspecific interactions with sympatric carnivores. Comprehensive human–carnivore conflict management measures like monitoring the extent of livestock depredation, improving livestock management and providing adequate compensation and/or insurance schemes are critical for successfully implementing such conservation efforts.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37957336,"asset_id":13133155,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32366214,"first_name":"Abishek","last_name":"Harihar","domain_name":"panthera","page_name":"AbishekHarihar","display_name":"Abishek Harihar","profile_url":"https://panthera.academia.edu/AbishekHarihar?f_ri=12516","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":71075,"name":"Tiger ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tiger_ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":100815,"name":"Tiger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tiger?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":105860,"name":"Tigers big cats conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tigers_big_cats_conservation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":199213,"name":"Camera Trapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Camera_Trapping?f_ri=12516"},{"id":284716,"name":"Intraguild Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intraguild_Interactions?f_ri=12516"},{"id":287581,"name":"Population estimation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_estimation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":369093,"name":"Food habits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_habits?f_ri=12516"},{"id":540495,"name":"Leopard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leopard?f_ri=12516"},{"id":982066,"name":"Terai Arc Landscape","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terai_Arc_Landscape?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28516843" data-work_id="28516843" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28516843/Agent_Based_Modeling_on_High_Performance_Computing_Architectures">Agent-Based Modeling on High Performance Computing Architectures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In spatial agent-based models (SABMs) each entity of the system being modeled is uniquely represented as an independent agent. Large scale emergent behavior in SABMs is population sensitive. Thus, the number of agents should reflect the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28516843" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In spatial agent-based models (SABMs) each entity of the system being modeled is uniquely represented as an independent agent. Large scale emergent behavior in SABMs is population sensitive. Thus, the number of agents should reflect the system being modeled, which can be in the order of billions. Models can be decomposed such that each component can be concurrently processed by a different thread. In this thesis, a conceptual model for investigating parallelization strategies for SABMs is presented. The model, PPHPC, captures important characteristics of SABMs. NetLogo, Java and OpenCL (CPU and GPU) implementations are proposed. To confirm that all implementations yield the same behavior, their outputs are compared using two methodologies. The first is based on common model comparison techniques found in literature. The second is a novel approach which uses principal component analysis to convert simulation output into a set of linearly uncorrelated measures which can be analyzed in a model-independent fashion. In both cases, statistical tests are applied to determine if the implementations are properly aligned. Results show that most implementations are statistically equivalent, with lower-level parallel implementations offering substantial speedups. The PPHPC model was shown to be a valid template model for comparing SABM implementations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28516843" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e540f5f08fef14561cc3e575e6f2a194" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48867565,"asset_id":28516843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48867565/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33087988" href="https://ulusofona.academia.edu/NunoFachada">Nuno Fachada</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33087988" type="text/json">{"id":33087988,"first_name":"Nuno","last_name":"Fachada","domain_name":"ulusofona","page_name":"NunoFachada","display_name":"Nuno Fachada","profile_url":"https://ulusofona.academia.edu/NunoFachada?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33087988/9937478/11080466/s65_nuno.fachada.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28516843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28516843"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28516843, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28516843", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28516843]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28516843").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28516843").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28516843"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5069" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principal_Component_Analysis">Principal Component Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5069" type="text/json">{"id":5069,"name":"Principal Component Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principal_Component_Analysis?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5337" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agent_Based_Simulation">Agent Based Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5337" type="text/json">{"id":5337,"name":"Agent Based Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agent_Based_Simulation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agent-based_modeling">Agent-based modeling</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26704" type="text/json">{"id":26704,"name":"Agent-based modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agent-based_modeling?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28516843]'), work: {"id":28516843,"title":"Agent-Based Modeling on High Performance Computing Architectures","created_at":"2016-09-15T16:03:45.719-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28516843/Agent_Based_Modeling_on_High_Performance_Computing_Architectures?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_28516843","summary":"In spatial agent-based models (SABMs) each entity of the system being modeled is uniquely represented as an independent agent. Large scale emergent behavior in SABMs is population sensitive. Thus, the number of agents should reflect the system being modeled, which can be in the order of billions. Models can be decomposed such that each component can be concurrently processed by a different thread. In this thesis, a conceptual model for investigating parallelization strategies for SABMs is presented. The model, PPHPC, captures important characteristics of SABMs. NetLogo, Java and OpenCL (CPU and GPU) implementations are proposed. To confirm that all implementations yield the same behavior, their outputs are compared using two methodologies. The first is based on common model comparison techniques found in literature. The second is a novel approach which uses principal component analysis to convert simulation output into a set of linearly uncorrelated measures which can be analyzed in a model-independent fashion. In both cases, statistical tests are applied to determine if the implementations are properly aligned. Results show that most implementations are statistically equivalent, with lower-level parallel implementations offering substantial speedups. The PPHPC model was shown to be a valid template model for comparing SABM implementations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48867565,"asset_id":28516843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33087988,"first_name":"Nuno","last_name":"Fachada","domain_name":"ulusofona","page_name":"NunoFachada","display_name":"Nuno Fachada","profile_url":"https://ulusofona.academia.edu/NunoFachada?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33087988/9937478/11080466/s65_nuno.fachada.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5069,"name":"Principal Component Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principal_Component_Analysis?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":5337,"name":"Agent Based Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agent_Based_Simulation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":26704,"name":"Agent-based modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agent-based_modeling?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":28871,"name":"Java Programming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Java_Programming?f_ri=12516"},{"id":32244,"name":"C Programming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/C_Programming-4?f_ri=12516"},{"id":35821,"name":"OpenCL on GPUs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OpenCL_on_GPUs?f_ri=12516"},{"id":35822,"name":"OpenCL on CPUs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OpenCL_on_CPUs?f_ri=12516"},{"id":193744,"name":"OpenCL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OpenCL?f_ri=12516"},{"id":213876,"name":"Docking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Docking?f_ri=12516"},{"id":1238578,"name":"Statistical Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Testing?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25973057" data-work_id="25973057" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25973057/Fifteen_from_one_a_revision_of_the_Galaxias_olidus_G%C3%BCnther_1866_complex_Teleostei_Galaxiidae_in_south_eastern_Australia_recognises_three_previously_described_taxa_and_describes_12_new_species_Zootaxa_3898_1_1_198">Fifteen from one: a revision of the Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 complex (Teleostei, Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia recognises three previously described taxa and describes 12 new species. Zootaxa 3898(1), 1-198.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The systematics of the Galaxias olidus hyper-species complex from south-eastern, mainland Australia is revised. Galaxias olidus Günther 1866 is redescribed, Galaxias fuscus Mack 1936 and Galaxias ornatus Castelnau 1873, previously... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25973057" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The systematics of the Galaxias olidus hyper-species complex from south-eastern, mainland Australia is revised. Galaxias olidus Günther 1866 is redescribed, Galaxias fuscus Mack 1936 and Galaxias ornatus Castelnau 1873, previously synonymised with G. olidus (sensu lato), are reinstated as valid taxa and redescribed, and 12 taxa are described as new: Galaxias aequipinnis sp. nov., Galaxias arcanus sp. nov., Galaxias brevissimus sp. nov., Galaxias gunaikurnai sp. nov., Galaxias lanceolatus sp. nov., Galaxias longifundus sp. nov., Galaxias mcdowalli sp. nov., Galaxias mungadhan sp. nov., Galaxias oliros sp. nov., Galaxias supremus sp. nov., Galaxias tantangara sp. nov., and Galaxias terenasus sp. nov. These species are morphologically similar and, whilst there is extensive overlap in meristic counts and morphometric characters, each can be diagnosed from unique combinations of characters, including allozyme loci and colour pattern; morphological diagnosis is improved greatly if based on freshly formalin-fixed material. Galaxias schomburgkii Peters 1868, G. bongbong Macleay 1881, G. kayi Ramsay & Ogilby 1886 and G. oconnori Ogilby 1912 are retained as junior synonyms of G. olidus (sensu stricto). The types for G. findlayi Macleay 1882 are lost and no specimens matching its description were collected or examined from the Mt. Kosciuszko region; it is also currently retained as a junior synonym of G. olidus s.s. G. terenasus sp. nov. and G. arcanus sp. nov. are the most morphologically specialised in the complex and G. olidus s.s remains the most morphologically variable species. It also remains the most widespread taxon, though its previously known distribution is reduced, particularly in the south-west of its range. Nine species are narrow-range endemics, known from one, or only a few, locations, and these restricted distributions most probably reflect the fragmentation and reduction of former ranges caused by the effects of alien salmonids. Eleven of these are of conservation concern, most are considered critically endangered.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25973057" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="360627d20be3d7603524553a2589f450" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46322704,"asset_id":25973057,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46322704/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35373647" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TarmoRaadik">Tarmo Raadik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35373647" type="text/json">{"id":35373647,"first_name":"Tarmo","last_name":"Raadik","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TarmoRaadik","display_name":"Tarmo Raadik","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TarmoRaadik?f_ri=12516","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25973057 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25973057"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25973057, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25973057", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25973057 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25973057; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25973057"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25973057 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25973057"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25973057; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25973057]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25973057").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25973057").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25973057"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="169" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematics_Taxonomy_">Systematics (Taxonomy)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="169" type="text/json">{"id":169,"name":"Systematics (Taxonomy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematics_Taxonomy_?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2809" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation">Conservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2809" type="text/json">{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46371" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmonids">Salmonids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="46371" type="text/json">{"id":46371,"name":"Salmonids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmonids?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25973057]'), work: {"id":25973057,"title":"Fifteen from one: a revision of the Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 complex (Teleostei, Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia recognises three previously described taxa and describes 12 new species. Zootaxa 3898(1), 1-198.","created_at":"2016-06-07T16:06:25.477-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25973057/Fifteen_from_one_a_revision_of_the_Galaxias_olidus_G%C3%BCnther_1866_complex_Teleostei_Galaxiidae_in_south_eastern_Australia_recognises_three_previously_described_taxa_and_describes_12_new_species_Zootaxa_3898_1_1_198?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_25973057","summary":"The systematics of the Galaxias olidus hyper-species complex from south-eastern, mainland Australia is revised. Galaxias olidus Günther 1866 is redescribed, Galaxias fuscus Mack 1936 and Galaxias ornatus Castelnau 1873, previously synonymised with G. olidus (sensu lato), are reinstated as valid taxa and redescribed, and 12 taxa are described as new: Galaxias aequipinnis sp. nov., Galaxias arcanus sp. nov., Galaxias brevissimus sp. nov., Galaxias gunaikurnai sp. nov., Galaxias lanceolatus sp. nov., Galaxias longifundus sp. nov., Galaxias mcdowalli sp. nov., Galaxias mungadhan sp. nov., Galaxias oliros sp. nov., Galaxias supremus sp. nov., Galaxias tantangara sp. nov., and Galaxias terenasus sp. nov. These species are morphologically similar and, whilst there is extensive overlap in meristic counts and morphometric characters, each can be diagnosed from unique combinations of characters, including allozyme loci and colour pattern; morphological diagnosis is improved greatly if based on freshly formalin-fixed material. Galaxias schomburgkii Peters 1868, G. bongbong Macleay 1881, G. kayi Ramsay \u0026 Ogilby 1886 and G. oconnori Ogilby 1912 are retained as junior synonyms of G. olidus (sensu stricto). The types for G. findlayi Macleay 1882 are lost and no specimens matching its description were collected or examined from the Mt. Kosciuszko region; it is also currently retained as a junior synonym of G. olidus s.s. G. terenasus sp. nov. and G. arcanus sp. nov. are the most morphologically specialised in the complex and G. olidus s.s remains the most morphologically variable species. It also remains the most widespread taxon, though its previously known distribution is reduced, particularly in the south-west of its range. Nine species are narrow-range endemics, known from one, or only a few, locations, and these restricted distributions most probably reflect the fragmentation and reduction of former ranges caused by the effects of alien salmonids. Eleven of these are of conservation concern, most are considered critically endangered.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46322704,"asset_id":25973057,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35373647,"first_name":"Tarmo","last_name":"Raadik","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TarmoRaadik","display_name":"Tarmo Raadik","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TarmoRaadik?f_ri=12516","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":169,"name":"Systematics (Taxonomy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematics_Taxonomy_?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":46371,"name":"Salmonids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmonids?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":136473,"name":"Threatened species and ecosystems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Threatened_species_and_ecosystems?f_ri=12516"},{"id":211405,"name":"Endemic species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endemic_species?f_ri=12516"},{"id":309554,"name":"Sympatric Speciation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sympatric_Speciation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":376955,"name":"Threatened Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Threatened_Species?f_ri=12516"},{"id":407864,"name":"Predators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predators?f_ri=12516"},{"id":462259,"name":"Galaxiidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galaxiidae?f_ri=12516"},{"id":550374,"name":"Freshwater fish taxonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freshwater_fish_taxonomy?f_ri=12516"},{"id":669991,"name":"Cryptic Species Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryptic_Species_Diversity?f_ri=12516"},{"id":925945,"name":"Cryptic Species Complex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryptic_Species_Complex?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29666946" data-work_id="29666946" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29666946/Towards_an_Animal_Ethics_for_the_Anthropocene">Towards an Animal Ethics for the Anthropocene</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The complex problems of wildlife conservation during the current stage of the Anthropocene – the ‘Great Acceleration’ – are forcing us to develop an alternative to the traditional (utilitarian und deontological) approaches within animal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29666946" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The complex problems of wildlife conservation during the current stage of the Anthropocene – the ‘Great Acceleration’ – are forcing us to develop an alternative to the traditional (utilitarian und deontological) approaches within animal ethics. I will put forward Martha Nussbaum’s capability approach as a promising alternative to these traditional approaches, with the proviso that the current version of her list of basic animal capabilities will need to undergo some revision.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29666946" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="23b137c41442363944fd3438061ac86c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50102133,"asset_id":29666946,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50102133/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="195483" href="https://wur.academia.edu/jozefkeulartz">jozef keulartz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="195483" type="text/json">{"id":195483,"first_name":"jozef","last_name":"keulartz","domain_name":"wur","page_name":"jozefkeulartz","display_name":"jozef keulartz","profile_url":"https://wur.academia.edu/jozefkeulartz?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/195483/46654/1315901/s65_jozef.keulartz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29666946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29666946"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29666946, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29666946", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29666946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29666946; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29666946"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29666946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29666946"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29666946; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29666946]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29666946").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29666946").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29666946"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3233" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Studies">Animal Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3233" type="text/json">{"id":3233,"name":"Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Studies?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3234" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ethics">Animal Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3234" type="text/json">{"id":3234,"name":"Animal Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ethics?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7695" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Ethics">Environmental Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7695" type="text/json">{"id":7695,"name":"Environmental Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Ethics?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10129" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capability_Approach">Capability Approach</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10129" type="text/json">{"id":10129,"name":"Capability Approach","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capability_Approach?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29666946]'), work: {"id":29666946,"title":"Towards an Animal Ethics for the Anthropocene","created_at":"2016-11-04T07:39:26.993-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29666946/Towards_an_Animal_Ethics_for_the_Anthropocene?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_29666946","summary":"The complex problems of wildlife conservation during the current stage of the Anthropocene – the ‘Great Acceleration’ – are forcing us to develop an alternative to the traditional (utilitarian und deontological) approaches within animal ethics. I will put forward Martha Nussbaum’s capability approach as a promising alternative to these traditional approaches, with the proviso that the current version of her list of basic animal capabilities will need to undergo some revision.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50102133,"asset_id":29666946,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":195483,"first_name":"jozef","last_name":"keulartz","domain_name":"wur","page_name":"jozefkeulartz","display_name":"jozef keulartz","profile_url":"https://wur.academia.edu/jozefkeulartz?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/195483/46654/1315901/s65_jozef.keulartz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3233,"name":"Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Studies?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":3234,"name":"Animal Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ethics?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":7695,"name":"Environmental Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Ethics?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":10129,"name":"Capability Approach","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capability_Approach?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516"},{"id":149474,"name":"Anthropocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropocene?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25652428" data-work_id="25652428" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25652428/Predator_prey_relationships_and_the_role_of_Homo_in_Early_Pleistocene_food_webs_in_Southern_Europe">Predator–prey relationships and the role of Homo in Early Pleistocene food webs in Southern Europe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Predator/prey relationships in Mediterranean Europe during the Early Pleistocene are analysed at the local and regional scales and compared to patterns observed in recent fauna from four regions worldwide (East Africa, South Africa,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25652428" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Predator/prey relationships in Mediterranean Europe during the Early Pleistocene are analysed at the local and regional scales and compared to patterns observed in recent fauna from four regions worldwide (East Africa, South Africa, Southeast Asia and North America). Three subregions (South Eastern, Central and South Western Mediterranean) and three time periods (middle Villafranchian, late Villafranchian and Galerian) are considered. Our approach focuses on large primary consumers and their potential predators; both are defined as mammals weighing over 10 kg. Early Pleistocene food webs are characterised by a unique body size distribution of primary consumers and an extremely rich carnivore guild. These characteristics likely affected ecosystem function in a way not observed in recent communities. The percentage of megafau-na species was higher in the middle Villafranchian than in recent fauna, and it increased in the late Villafranchian and early Galerian. The number of predators able to kill megafauna species was high in the late Villafranchian but decreased to modern values in the early Galerian. Competition inside the carnivore guild was similar to recent values in the middle Villafranchian and early Galerian but higher in the late Villafranchian. Hominins likely entered Europe during the late Villafranchian, when survival opportunities for a hunter–gatherer were low and hominins were most likely relegated to a marginal role in the palaeocommunity. This scenario changed in the early Galerian with the extinction of several predators and relatively reduced intraguild competition.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25652428" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cdc1bcae685a7dc382bd925b37e90252" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45990170,"asset_id":25652428,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45990170/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3058907" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/GuillermoRodr%C3%ADguezG%C3%B3mez">Guillermo Rodríguez-Gómez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3058907" type="text/json">{"id":3058907,"first_name":"Guillermo","last_name":"Rodríguez-Gómez","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"GuillermoRodríguezGómez","display_name":"Guillermo Rodríguez-Gómez","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/GuillermoRodr%C3%ADguezG%C3%B3mez?f_ri=12516","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25652428 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25652428"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25652428, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25652428", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25652428 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25652428; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25652428"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25652428 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25652428"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25652428; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25652428]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25652428").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25652428").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25652428"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30254" type="text/json">{"id":30254,"name":"Pleistocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleistocene?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41779" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammals">Mammals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41779" type="text/json">{"id":41779,"name":"Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammals?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25652428]'), work: {"id":25652428,"title":"Predator–prey relationships and the role of Homo in Early Pleistocene food webs in Southern Europe","created_at":"2016-05-27T04:10:22.180-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25652428/Predator_prey_relationships_and_the_role_of_Homo_in_Early_Pleistocene_food_webs_in_Southern_Europe?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_25652428","summary":"Predator/prey relationships in Mediterranean Europe during the Early Pleistocene are analysed at the local and regional scales and compared to patterns observed in recent fauna from four regions worldwide (East Africa, South Africa, Southeast Asia and North America). Three subregions (South Eastern, Central and South Western Mediterranean) and three time periods (middle Villafranchian, late Villafranchian and Galerian) are considered. Our approach focuses on large primary consumers and their potential predators; both are defined as mammals weighing over 10 kg. Early Pleistocene food webs are characterised by a unique body size distribution of primary consumers and an extremely rich carnivore guild. These characteristics likely affected ecosystem function in a way not observed in recent communities. The percentage of megafau-na species was higher in the middle Villafranchian than in recent fauna, and it increased in the late Villafranchian and early Galerian. The number of predators able to kill megafauna species was high in the late Villafranchian but decreased to modern values in the early Galerian. Competition inside the carnivore guild was similar to recent values in the middle Villafranchian and early Galerian but higher in the late Villafranchian. Hominins likely entered Europe during the late Villafranchian, when survival opportunities for a hunter–gatherer were low and hominins were most likely relegated to a marginal role in the palaeocommunity. This scenario changed in the early Galerian with the extinction of several predators and relatively reduced intraguild competition.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45990170,"asset_id":25652428,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3058907,"first_name":"Guillermo","last_name":"Rodríguez-Gómez","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"GuillermoRodríguezGómez","display_name":"Guillermo Rodríguez-Gómez","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/GuillermoRodr%C3%ADguezG%C3%B3mez?f_ri=12516","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":30254,"name":"Pleistocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleistocene?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":41779,"name":"Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammals?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_350834" data-work_id="350834" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/350834/Late_Quaternary_Bison_Diminution_on_the_Great_Plains_of_North_America_Evaluating_the_Role_of_Human_Hunting_versus_Climate_Change">Late Quaternary Bison Diminution on the Great Plains of North America: Evaluating the Role of Human Hunting versus Climate-Change</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Body size changes of Bison and mortality age structure data document the effects of climate-driven environmental change and human hunting pressure on large mammals in North America. Morphometric and mortality data are drawn from 58... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_350834" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Body size changes of Bison and mortality age structure data document the effects of climate-driven environmental change and human hunting pressure on large mammals in North America. Morphometric and mortality data are drawn from 58 archaeological and 9 paleontological localities dating between 37,000 and 250 calBP. Proxy information on body size is based on measurements recorded on 901 adult calcanei (os calcis) and 1026 humeri. In addition, published mortality profiles from 24 archaeological faunal assemblages spanning the last 14,000 years were used to approximate the age structure of bison populations. These results suggest that dramatic diminution in bison body size occurred in several short bursts, rather than a continuous gradual decline. These periods of rapid size reduction correlate with times of ecological reorganization, when aridity-driven changes in grasslands decreased forage quality and availability. Mortality age data indicate that the decrease in body size occurred in a context where there was no evidence for a progressively severe juvenile bias in bison populations. Overall, it appears that the changes in body size were a reaction to environmental conditions rather than the result of human predation pressure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/350834" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f39f215781f11d04fb3b03ee0efddd8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1772629,"asset_id":350834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1772629/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="267652" href="https://psu-us.academia.edu/ChrisWidga">Chris Widga</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="267652" type="text/json">{"id":267652,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Widga","domain_name":"psu-us","page_name":"ChrisWidga","display_name":"Chris Widga","profile_url":"https://psu-us.academia.edu/ChrisWidga?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/267652/55926/51577/s65_chris.widga.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_350834 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="350834"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 350834, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_350834", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_350834 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 350834; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_350834"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_350834 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="350834"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 350834; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=350834]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_350834").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_350834").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="350834"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4438" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Morphology">Functional Morphology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4438" type="text/json">{"id":4438,"name":"Functional Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Morphology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19363" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertebrate_Evolution">Vertebrate Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19363" type="text/json">{"id":19363,"name":"Vertebrate Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertebrate_Evolution?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56002" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bison">Bison</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="56002" type="text/json">{"id":56002,"name":"Bison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bison?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=350834]'), work: {"id":350834,"title":"Late Quaternary Bison Diminution on the Great Plains of North America: Evaluating the Role of Human Hunting versus Climate-Change","created_at":"2010-10-19T00:27:04.419-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/350834/Late_Quaternary_Bison_Diminution_on_the_Great_Plains_of_North_America_Evaluating_the_Role_of_Human_Hunting_versus_Climate_Change?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_350834","summary":"Body size changes of Bison and mortality age structure data document the effects of climate-driven environmental change and human hunting pressure on large mammals in North America. Morphometric and mortality data are drawn from 58 archaeological and 9 paleontological localities dating between 37,000 and 250 calBP. Proxy information on body size is based on measurements recorded on 901 adult calcanei (os calcis) and 1026 humeri. In addition, published mortality profiles from 24 archaeological faunal assemblages spanning the last 14,000 years were used to approximate the age structure of bison populations. These results suggest that dramatic diminution in bison body size occurred in several short bursts, rather than a continuous gradual decline. These periods of rapid size reduction correlate with times of ecological reorganization, when aridity-driven changes in grasslands decreased forage quality and availability. Mortality age data indicate that the decrease in body size occurred in a context where there was no evidence for a progressively severe juvenile bias in bison populations. Overall, it appears that the changes in body size were a reaction to environmental conditions rather than the result of human predation pressure.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":1772629,"asset_id":350834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":267652,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Widga","domain_name":"psu-us","page_name":"ChrisWidga","display_name":"Chris Widga","profile_url":"https://psu-us.academia.edu/ChrisWidga?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/267652/55926/51577/s65_chris.widga.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4438,"name":"Functional Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Morphology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":19363,"name":"Vertebrate Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertebrate_Evolution?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":56002,"name":"Bison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bison?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72231940" data-work_id="72231940" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72231940/Face_off_Novel_depredation_and_nest_defense_behaviors_between_an_invasive_and_a_native_predator_in_the_Greater_Everglades_Ecosystem_Florida_USA">Face-off: Novel depredation and nest defense behaviors between an invasive and a native predator in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Bobcats (Lynx rufus) have broad diets; they hunt and scavenge a variety of birds, small and mid-sized mammals, and reptiles (Jones & Smith, 1979; Maehr & Brady, 1986; Tewes et al., 2002). In Florida, birds make up approximately 16% of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72231940" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Bobcats (Lynx rufus) have broad diets; they hunt and scavenge a variety of birds, small and mid-sized mammals, and reptiles (Jones & Smith, 1979; Maehr & Brady, 1986; Tewes et al., 2002). In Florida, birds make up approximately 16% of bobcat prey items (Maehr & Brady, 1986) and their diets likely include eggs within nests (see Malone et al., 2019). Indeed, in Georgia they have been documented predating Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) nests, with eggs comprising up to 19% of their diet in Georgia (Schoch, 2003; Staller et al., 2005). Although there are few reports of bobcats targeting reptile nests in Florida, up to ~2% of seasonal marine turtle nest mortality has been attributed to bobcat depredation (Lindborg et al.,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72231940" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="094bc8dc2f8b105297e48d1638c2e945" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81241650,"asset_id":72231940,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81241650/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15130930" href="https://us-army.academia.edu/AndreaCurrylow">Andrea Currylow</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15130930" type="text/json">{"id":15130930,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Currylow","domain_name":"us-army","page_name":"AndreaCurrylow","display_name":"Andrea Currylow","profile_url":"https://us-army.academia.edu/AndreaCurrylow?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15130930/4286341/4984060/s65_andrea.currylow.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72231940 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72231940"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72231940, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72231940", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72231940 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72231940; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72231940"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72231940 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72231940"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72231940; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72231940]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72231940").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72231940").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72231940"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4266" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology">Wildlife Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4266" type="text/json">{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7651" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management">Wildlife Ecology And Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7651" type="text/json">{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72231940]'), work: {"id":72231940,"title":"Face-off: Novel depredation and nest defense behaviors between an invasive and a native predator in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA","created_at":"2022-02-22T07:38:38.541-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72231940/Face_off_Novel_depredation_and_nest_defense_behaviors_between_an_invasive_and_a_native_predator_in_the_Greater_Everglades_Ecosystem_Florida_USA?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_72231940","summary":"Bobcats (Lynx rufus) have broad diets; they hunt and scavenge a variety of birds, small and mid-sized mammals, and reptiles (Jones \u0026 Smith, 1979; Maehr \u0026 Brady, 1986; Tewes et al., 2002). In Florida, birds make up approximately 16% of bobcat prey items (Maehr \u0026 Brady, 1986) and their diets likely include eggs within nests (see Malone et al., 2019). Indeed, in Georgia they have been documented predating Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) nests, with eggs comprising up to 19% of their diet in Georgia (Schoch, 2003; Staller et al., 2005). Although there are few reports of bobcats targeting reptile nests in Florida, up to ~2% of seasonal marine turtle nest mortality has been attributed to bobcat depredation (Lindborg et al.,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81241650,"asset_id":72231940,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15130930,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Currylow","domain_name":"us-army","page_name":"AndreaCurrylow","display_name":"Andrea Currylow","profile_url":"https://us-army.academia.edu/AndreaCurrylow?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15130930/4286341/4984060/s65_andrea.currylow.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":11523,"name":"National Parks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Parks?f_ri=12516"},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516"},{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=12516"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":41779,"name":"Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammals?f_ri=12516"},{"id":110287,"name":"Florida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Florida?f_ri=12516"},{"id":113579,"name":"Wildlife","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife?f_ri=12516"},{"id":119632,"name":"Everglades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Everglades?f_ri=12516"},{"id":129519,"name":"Nest Predation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nest_Predation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":133572,"name":"Wildlife Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management?f_ri=12516"},{"id":134021,"name":"Snakes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snakes?f_ri=12516"},{"id":561744,"name":"Bobcat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bobcat?f_ri=12516"},{"id":1456424,"name":"Big Cypress Swamp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Big_Cypress_Swamp?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4171666 coauthored" data-work_id="4171666" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4171666/A_practical_guide_to_avoid_giving_up_on_giving_up_densities">A practical guide to avoid giving up on giving-up densities</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The giving-up density (GUD) framework provides a powerful experimental approach with a strong theoretical underpinning to quantify foraging outcomes in heterogeneous landscapes. Since its inception, the GUD approach has been applied... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4171666" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The giving-up density (GUD) framework provides a powerful experimental approach with a strong theoretical underpinning to quantify foraging outcomes in heterogeneous landscapes. Since its inception, the GUD approach has been applied successfully to a vast range of foraging species and foraging scenarios. However, its application is not simple, as anyone who has tried to use it for the first time might attest. Limitations of the technique were noted at its conception, yet only the artificiality of the patches, the appropriateness of the food resource, and the possibility of multiple visiting foragers were identified. Here we show the current uses of GUD and outline the practical benefits as well as the often overlooked limitations of the technique. We define seven major points that need to be addressed when applying this methodology: (1) the curvilinearity between harvest rate and energy, (2) the energetic state of the forager, (3) the effect of group foraging, (4) food quality and substrate properties, (5) the predictability of the patch, (6) behavioral traits of the forager, and (7) nontarget species. We also suggest how GUD experiments can be enhanced by incorporating complementary methods (such as cameras) to better understand the foraging processes involved in the GUD itself. We conclude that the benefits of using GUD outweigh the costs, but that its limitations should not be ignored. Incorporating new methods when using GUD can potentially offer novel and important insights into the study of foraging behavior.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4171666" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad3f63f12667ea531122c674d42b65cb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46630971,"asset_id":4171666,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46630971/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="209247" href="https://mq.academia.edu/AlexCarthey">Alexandra J R Carthey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="209247" type="text/json">{"id":209247,"first_name":"Alexandra","last_name":"Carthey","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"AlexCarthey","display_name":"Alexandra J R Carthey","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/AlexCarthey?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/209247/95717/108739/s65_alex.carthey.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-4171666">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-4171666"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://sydney.academia.edu/MiguelAngelBedoyaPerez">Miguel Angel Bedoya Perez</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MellaValentina">Valentina S A Mella</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-4171666'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-4171666').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4171666 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4171666"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4171666, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4171666", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4171666 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4171666; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4171666"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4171666 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4171666"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4171666; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4171666]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4171666").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4171666").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4171666"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23222" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_ecology">Foraging ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23222" type="text/json">{"id":23222,"name":"Foraging ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="918188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Giving-up_Density">Giving-up Density</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="918188" type="text/json">{"id":918188,"name":"Giving-up Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Giving-up_Density?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4171666]'), work: {"id":4171666,"title":"A practical guide to avoid giving up on giving-up densities","created_at":"2013-08-04T17:56:59.809-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4171666/A_practical_guide_to_avoid_giving_up_on_giving_up_densities?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_4171666","summary":"The giving-up density (GUD) framework provides a powerful experimental approach with a strong theoretical underpinning to quantify foraging outcomes in heterogeneous landscapes. Since its inception, the GUD approach has been applied successfully to a vast range of foraging species and foraging scenarios. However, its application is not simple, as anyone who has tried to use it for the first time might attest. Limitations of the technique were noted at its conception, yet only the artificiality of the patches, the appropriateness of the food resource, and the possibility of multiple visiting foragers were identified. Here we show the current uses of GUD and outline the practical benefits as well as the often overlooked limitations of the technique. We define seven major points that need to be addressed when applying this methodology: (1) the curvilinearity between harvest rate and energy, (2) the energetic state of the forager, (3) the effect of group foraging, (4) food quality and substrate properties, (5) the predictability of the patch, (6) behavioral traits of the forager, and (7) nontarget species. We also suggest how GUD experiments can be enhanced by incorporating complementary methods (such as cameras) to better understand the foraging processes involved in the GUD itself. We conclude that the benefits of using GUD outweigh the costs, but that its limitations should not be ignored. Incorporating new methods when using GUD can potentially offer novel and important insights into the study of foraging behavior.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46630971,"asset_id":4171666,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":209247,"first_name":"Alexandra","last_name":"Carthey","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"AlexCarthey","display_name":"Alexandra J R Carthey","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/AlexCarthey?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/209247/95717/108739/s65_alex.carthey.jpg"},{"id":157805,"first_name":"Miguel Angel","last_name":"Bedoya Perez","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"MiguelAngelBedoyaPerez","display_name":"Miguel Angel Bedoya Perez","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/MiguelAngelBedoyaPerez?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/157805/86986/16378953/s65_miguel_angel.bedoya_perez.jpg"},{"id":50707339,"first_name":"Valentina","last_name":"Mella","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MellaValentina","display_name":"Valentina S A Mella","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MellaValentina?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50707339/18097340/18091963/s65_valentina.mella.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":23222,"name":"Foraging ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":918188,"name":"Giving-up Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Giving-up_Density?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5224818" data-work_id="5224818" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5224818/Neovenatorid_theropods_are_apex_predators_in_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_North_America">Neovenatorid theropods are apex predators in the Late Cretaceous of North America</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Allosauroid theropods were a diverse and widespread radiation of Jurassic–Cretaceous megapredators. Achieving some of the largest body sizes among theropod dinosaurs, these colossal hunters dominated terrestrial ecosystems until a faunal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5224818" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Allosauroid theropods were a diverse and widespread radiation of Jurassic–Cretaceous megapredators. Achieving some of the largest body sizes among theropod dinosaurs, these colossal hunters dominated terrestrial ecosystems until a faunal turnover redefined apex predator guild occupancy during the final 20 million years of the Cretaceous. Here we describe a giant new species of allosauroid – Siats meekerorum gen. et sp. nov. – providing the first evidence for the cosmopolitan clade Neovenatoridae in North America. Siats is the youngest allosauroid yet discovered from the continent and demonstrates that the clade endured there into the Late Cretaceous. The discovery provides new evidence for ecologic sympatry of large allosauroids and small-bodied tyrannosauroids. These data support the hypothesis that extinction of Allosauroidea in terrestrial ecosystems of North America permitted ecological release of tyrannosauroids, which went on to dominate end-Cretaceous food webs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5224818" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b08af4792571e8511fd29b20c5b2550b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32409730,"asset_id":5224818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32409730/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="157844" href="https://naturalsciences.academia.edu/LindsayZanno">Lindsay E Zanno</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="157844" type="text/json">{"id":157844,"first_name":"Lindsay","last_name":"Zanno","domain_name":"naturalsciences","page_name":"LindsayZanno","display_name":"Lindsay E Zanno","profile_url":"https://naturalsciences.academia.edu/LindsayZanno?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/157844/40733/15369790/s65_lindsay.zanno.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5224818 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5224818"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5224818, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5224818", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5224818 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5224818; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5224818"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5224818 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5224818"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5224818; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5224818]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5224818").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5224818").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5224818"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="169" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematics_Taxonomy_">Systematics (Taxonomy)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="169" type="text/json">{"id":169,"name":"Systematics (Taxonomy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematics_Taxonomy_?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="417" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleontology">Paleontology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="417" type="text/json">{"id":417,"name":"Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleontology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5224818]'), work: {"id":5224818,"title":"Neovenatorid theropods are apex predators in the Late Cretaceous of North America","created_at":"2013-11-25T23:53:32.477-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5224818/Neovenatorid_theropods_are_apex_predators_in_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_North_America?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_5224818","summary":"Allosauroid theropods were a diverse and widespread radiation of Jurassic–Cretaceous megapredators. Achieving some of the largest body sizes among theropod dinosaurs, these colossal hunters dominated terrestrial ecosystems until a faunal turnover redefined apex predator guild occupancy during the final 20 million years of the Cretaceous. Here we describe a giant new species of allosauroid – Siats meekerorum gen. et sp. nov. – providing the first evidence for the cosmopolitan clade Neovenatoridae in North America. Siats is the youngest allosauroid yet discovered from the continent and demonstrates that the clade endured there into the Late Cretaceous. The discovery provides new evidence for ecologic sympatry of large allosauroids and small-bodied tyrannosauroids. These data support the hypothesis that extinction of Allosauroidea in terrestrial ecosystems of North America permitted ecological release of tyrannosauroids, which went on to dominate end-Cretaceous food webs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32409730,"asset_id":5224818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":157844,"first_name":"Lindsay","last_name":"Zanno","domain_name":"naturalsciences","page_name":"LindsayZanno","display_name":"Lindsay E Zanno","profile_url":"https://naturalsciences.academia.edu/LindsayZanno?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/157844/40733/15369790/s65_lindsay.zanno.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":169,"name":"Systematics (Taxonomy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematics_Taxonomy_?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":417,"name":"Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleontology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":17823,"name":"Biogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogeography?f_ri=12516"},{"id":18594,"name":"Evolutionary Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":24375,"name":"Vertebrate Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertebrate_Paleontology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":24542,"name":"Dinosaur Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dinosaur_Paleontology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":24543,"name":"Theropods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theropods?f_ri=12516"},{"id":42336,"name":"Theropoda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theropoda?f_ri=12516"},{"id":59432,"name":"Dinosaurs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dinosaurs?f_ri=12516"},{"id":63798,"name":"Cretaceous","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cretaceous?f_ri=12516"},{"id":164269,"name":"Extinction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extinction?f_ri=12516"},{"id":249738,"name":"Phylogenetic Systematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogenetic_Systematics?f_ri=12516"},{"id":707903,"name":"Evolutionary Biogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biogeography?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1481026" data-work_id="1481026" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1481026/Barking_Owl_Diet_in_the_Pilliga_Forests_of_Northern_NSW">Barking Owl Diet in the Pilliga Forests of Northern NSW</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"The Barking Owl Ninox connivens population in the Pilliga forests of northern New South Wales is the largest known in southern Australia. Breeding pairs in this population occupy large home-ranges across less than half of the forest. In... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1481026" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"The Barking Owl Ninox connivens population in the Pilliga forests of northern New South Wales is the largest known in southern Australia. Breeding pairs in this population occupy large home-ranges across less than half of the forest. In this thesis, I quantify the diet of Barking Owls in the Pilliga. I consider a number of hypotheses that could explain the species’ large home ranges and restricted distribution, particularly those that are related to prey availability. <br />This is the first diet study of a Barking Owl population to incorporate data from many territories over several years and all seasons of the year. Radio-tracking of nine owls provided the opportunity to begin a substantial collection of prey remains (regurgitated pellets, food debris and faecal material). Ultimately, the collection period spanned 2003 – 2009, with prey remains from 19 territories in the Pilliga and one territory in a small forest to the south near Dubbo. In total, 1546 regurgitated pellets and 315 faecal samples were collected and examined. Foraging observations improved the understanding of the results. <br />Barking Owls in the Pilliga forests preyed on most species of diurnal and nocturnal birds, as well as Sugar Gliders, bats and insects, with a few items being taken from the ground. Prey size ranged from 0.3 gram insects to ~800 gram cockatoos and mammals, a similar size to the owls. Most prey were native animals in contrast to some other studies. <br />The proportions of consumed prey, as determined by pellet analysis, were compared with available prey, as determined by bird counts, spotlight surveys, small mammal trapping, bat surveys and insect netting. Prey items from all prey groups were available from all sampled areas of the Pilliga. Barking Owls distribution was positively associated with prey availability: significantly with the biomass of birds and with flying insect numbers. Mammal groups were not significantly different but showed the same positive trend. <br />Spatial availability of total prey biomass offered a good explanation for the distribution of Barking Owls within the Pilliga forests. Crucial food resources, particularly available biomass of diurnal birds and nocturnally active prey, may limit the population density and distribution of owls in what appears to be marginal rather than prime habitat. Land cleared for agriculture, because of its higher productivity, may have previously supported higher densities of Barking Owls when wooded."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1481026" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="609fa8ddba071aa0cfaa08f29fd25c85" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":11539626,"asset_id":1481026,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11539626/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="162198" href="https://westernsydney.academia.edu/MatthewStanton">Matthew Stanton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="162198" type="text/json">{"id":162198,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Stanton","domain_name":"westernsydney","page_name":"MatthewStanton","display_name":"Matthew Stanton","profile_url":"https://westernsydney.academia.edu/MatthewStanton?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/162198/41436/38082/s65_matthew.stanton.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1481026 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1481026"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1481026, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1481026", }); 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Breeding pairs in this population occupy large home-ranges across less than half of the forest. In this thesis, I quantify the diet of Barking Owls in the Pilliga. I consider a number of hypotheses that could explain the species’ large home ranges and restricted distribution, particularly those that are related to prey availability.\r\nThis is the first diet study of a Barking Owl population to incorporate data from many territories over several years and all seasons of the year. Radio-tracking of nine owls provided the opportunity to begin a substantial collection of prey remains (regurgitated pellets, food debris and faecal material). Ultimately, the collection period spanned 2003 – 2009, with prey remains from 19 territories in the Pilliga and one territory in a small forest to the south near Dubbo. In total, 1546 regurgitated pellets and 315 faecal samples were collected and examined. Foraging observations improved the understanding of the results.\r\nBarking Owls in the Pilliga forests preyed on most species of diurnal and nocturnal birds, as well as Sugar Gliders, bats and insects, with a few items being taken from the ground. Prey size ranged from 0.3 gram insects to ~800 gram cockatoos and mammals, a similar size to the owls. Most prey were native animals in contrast to some other studies.\r\nThe proportions of consumed prey, as determined by pellet analysis, were compared with available prey, as determined by bird counts, spotlight surveys, small mammal trapping, bat surveys and insect netting. Prey items from all prey groups were available from all sampled areas of the Pilliga. Barking Owls distribution was positively associated with prey availability: significantly with the biomass of birds and with flying insect numbers. Mammal groups were not significantly different but showed the same positive trend.\r\nSpatial availability of total prey biomass offered a good explanation for the distribution of Barking Owls within the Pilliga forests. Crucial food resources, particularly available biomass of diurnal birds and nocturnally active prey, may limit the population density and distribution of owls in what appears to be marginal rather than prime habitat. Land cleared for agriculture, because of its higher productivity, may have previously supported higher densities of Barking Owls when wooded.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":11539626,"asset_id":1481026,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":162198,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Stanton","domain_name":"westernsydney","page_name":"MatthewStanton","display_name":"Matthew Stanton","profile_url":"https://westernsydney.academia.edu/MatthewStanton?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/162198/41436/38082/s65_matthew.stanton.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":153,"name":"Landscape Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Ecology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":1063,"name":"Environmental Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":1279,"name":"Science Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Communication?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=12516"},{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":3233,"name":"Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Studies?f_ri=12516"},{"id":4266,"name":"Wildlife Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Biology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":7651,"name":"Wildlife Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=12516"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516"},{"id":14483,"name":"Animal Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ecology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":17256,"name":"Bird (Ornithology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_Ornithology_?f_ri=12516"},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=12516"},{"id":19406,"name":"Human-wildlife conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-wildlife_conflicts?f_ri=12516"},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":22675,"name":"Birds (Ecology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds_Ecology_?f_ri=12516"},{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=12516"},{"id":28937,"name":"Animal Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Nutrition?f_ri=12516"},{"id":30294,"name":"Predator-prey interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-prey_interaction?f_ri=12516"},{"id":58971,"name":"Animal Ecology, Terrestrial Mammals, Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ecology_Terrestrial_Mammals_Conservation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":68009,"name":"Wildlife Ecology (habitat Selection and Animal Movement)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Ecology_habitat_Selection_and_Animal_Movement_?f_ri=12516"},{"id":90794,"name":"Owls","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Owls?f_ri=12516"},{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=12516"},{"id":113579,"name":"Wildlife","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife?f_ri=12516"},{"id":133572,"name":"Wildlife Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management?f_ri=12516"},{"id":179065,"name":"Ninox connivens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ninox_connivens?f_ri=12516"},{"id":179067,"name":"Pilliga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilliga?f_ri=12516"},{"id":179073,"name":"Tawny Frogmouth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tawny_Frogmouth?f_ri=12516"},{"id":415650,"name":"Woodland conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Woodland_conservation?f_ri=12516"},{"id":435541,"name":"Sugar Glider","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sugar_Glider?f_ri=12516"},{"id":515915,"name":"Raptors and owls","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raptors_and_owls?f_ri=12516"},{"id":702556,"name":"Owl pellets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Owl_pellets?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_653035" data-work_id="653035" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/653035/Persistent_and_expanding_population_outbreaks_of_the_corallivorous_starfish_Acanthaster_planci_in_the_NW_Indian_Ocean_Are_they_really_a_consequence_of_unsustainable_starfish_predator_removal_through_overfishing_in_coral_reefs_or_a_response_to_a_changing_environment">Persistent and expanding population outbreaks of the corallivorous starfish Acanthaster planci in the NW Indian Ocean: Are they really a consequence of unsustainable starfish predator removal through overfishing in coral reefs, or a response to a changing environment?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mendonca VM, Al Jabri MM, Al Ajmi I, Al Muharrami M, Al Areimi M, Al Aghbari H. 2010. Persistent and expanding population outbreaks of the corallivorous starfish Acanthaster planci in the NW Indian Ocean: Are they really a consequence of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_653035" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mendonca VM, Al Jabri MM, Al Ajmi I, Al Muharrami M, Al Areimi M, Al Aghbari H. 2010. Persistent and expanding population outbreaks of the corallivorous starfish Acanthaster planci in the NW Indian Ocean: Are they really a consequence of unsustainable starfish predator removal through overfishing in coral reefs, or a response to a changing environment? Zool Stud 49(1):108-123. <br /> <br />Cited by WIKIPEDIA: <br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown-of-thorns_starfish#Population_outbreaks" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown-of-thorns_starfish#Population_outbreaks</a>  <br /> <br />ABSTRACT: Population outbreaks of the starfish Acanthaster planci have been persisting for at least the past 25 yr on coral reefs in the Gulf of Oman, in the northwestern Indian Ocean. A survey conducted in 2001 showed that the A. planci population on the Dimaniyat Is. was as abundant (around 5 individual (ind.)/transect; equivalent to 100 ind./ha) as that recorded during an outbreak in the early 1980s. Local authorities are controlling starfish populations by culling relatively large adult individuals. These outbreaks cause considerable damage to coral communities, as observed specimens were adult individuals of about 60 cm in total diameter (no juveniles were observed). The situation has persisted for over 2 decades, and has now spread to coral reefs in the Arabian Gulf. Although A. planci population outbreaks were associated in the past with overfishing of starfish predators in coral reef areas, in the present study, we found no connection between this theory and starfish outbreaks, as stomach contents of carnivorous fish specimens likely to prey on this starfish species, caught on coral reefs on the Gulf of Oman, and sold at local fish markets (in Barka, Muscat, and Sur), showed no presence of A. planci in their diets. Therefore, the reason for A. planci population outbreaks could not have been due to overfishing of predator species, but is most likely to have been caused by the frequent input of nutrients, due to frequent upwelling events in the northwestern Indian Ocean, leading to planktonic blooms which thus enhance A. planci recruitment</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/653035" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c22a34e0d39cd100e02123b003aa7000" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":6869247,"asset_id":653035,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6869247/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="480539" href="https://ualg.academia.edu/VandaMendonca">Vanda M D Mendonca</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="480539" type="text/json">{"id":480539,"first_name":"Vanda","last_name":"Mendonca","domain_name":"ualg","page_name":"VandaMendonca","display_name":"Vanda M D Mendonca","profile_url":"https://ualg.academia.edu/VandaMendonca?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/480539/162269/153096140/s65_vanda.mendonca.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_653035 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="653035"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 653035, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_653035", }); 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Persistent and expanding population outbreaks of the corallivorous starfish Acanthaster planci in the NW Indian Ocean: Are they really a consequence of unsustainable starfish predator removal through overfishing in coral reefs, or a response to a changing environment? Zool Stud 49(1):108-123.\r\n\r\nCited by WIKIPEDIA: \r\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown-of-thorns_starfish#Population_outbreaks \r\n\r\nABSTRACT: Population outbreaks of the starfish Acanthaster planci have been persisting for at least the past 25 yr on coral reefs in the Gulf of Oman, in the northwestern Indian Ocean. A survey conducted in 2001 showed that the A. planci population on the Dimaniyat Is. was as abundant (around 5 individual (ind.)/transect; equivalent to 100 ind./ha) as that recorded during an outbreak in the early 1980s. Local authorities are controlling starfish populations by culling relatively large adult individuals. These outbreaks cause considerable damage to coral communities, as observed specimens were adult individuals of about 60 cm in total diameter (no juveniles were observed). The situation has persisted for over 2 decades, and has now spread to coral reefs in the Arabian Gulf. Although A. planci population outbreaks were associated in the past with overfishing of starfish predators in coral reef areas, in the present study, we found no connection between this theory and starfish outbreaks, as stomach contents of carnivorous fish specimens likely to prey on this starfish species, caught on coral reefs on the Gulf of Oman, and sold at local fish markets (in Barka, Muscat, and Sur), showed no presence of A. planci in their diets. Therefore, the reason for A. planci population outbreaks could not have been due to overfishing of predator species, but is most likely to have been caused by the frequent input of nutrients, due to frequent upwelling events in the northwestern Indian Ocean, leading to planktonic blooms which thus enhance A. planci recruitment\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6869247,"asset_id":653035,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":480539,"first_name":"Vanda","last_name":"Mendonca","domain_name":"ualg","page_name":"VandaMendonca","display_name":"Vanda M D Mendonca","profile_url":"https://ualg.academia.edu/VandaMendonca?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/480539/162269/153096140/s65_vanda.mendonca.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":13137,"name":"Reef Fish Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reef_Fish_Biology?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":17575,"name":"Algae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algae?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=12516"},{"id":43505,"name":"Food webs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_webs?f_ri=12516"},{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=12516"},{"id":107711,"name":"COTS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COTS?f_ri=12516"},{"id":112004,"name":"Quantitative ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_ecology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":140977,"name":"Acanthaster planci","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acanthaster_planci?f_ri=12516"},{"id":249747,"name":"Coral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coral?f_ri=12516"},{"id":293644,"name":"Biogenic Habitat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogenic_Habitat?f_ri=12516"},{"id":341043,"name":"Crown-Of-Thorns Starfish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crown-Of-Thorns_Starfish?f_ri=12516"},{"id":555997,"name":"Corallivory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corallivory?f_ri=12516"},{"id":590266,"name":"Indian Ocean Islands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_Islands?f_ri=12516"},{"id":590274,"name":"Starfish Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Starfish_Ecology?f_ri=12516"},{"id":591096,"name":"Dimaniyat Islands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dimaniyat_Islands?f_ri=12516"},{"id":964249,"name":"Crown of Thorns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crown_of_Thorns?f_ri=12516"},{"id":964260,"name":"Seastar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seastar?f_ri=12516"},{"id":998785,"name":"Crown Of Thorns Starfish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crown_Of_Thorns_Starfish?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37829178" data-work_id="37829178" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37829178/Effects_of_a_colour_variant_on_hunting_ability_the_white_lion_in_South_Africa">Effects of a colour variant on hunting ability: the white lion in South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Coat colour variation has been recorded in several mammalian taxa, including large felid species. White lions are a rare colour variant of the African lion, Panthera leo, that only occurred in the wild in the Timbavati Private... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37829178" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Coat colour variation has been recorded in several mammalian taxa, including large felid species. White lions are a rare colour variant of the African lion, Panthera leo, that only occurred in the wild in the Timbavati Private Nature Reserve and southern Kruger National Park, South Africa. Although white cubs were born in the Timbavati Private Nature Reserve in 2006, 2009, 2011, and 2014, and in southern Kruger National Park in 2014 and 2015, no adult animals had been seen since 1994. It has been suggested that white coat colour prevents free-roaming lions from hunting successfully and therefore surviving in the wild. This hypothesis was investigated under managed free-roaming conditions in two fenced areas since no adult white lions existed in the wild at the time. Two separate groups of white lions were rewilded and their hunting success evaluated. Prey density, availability of preferred prey and habitat type were similar to that of the white lions’ natural habitat of Timbavati Private Nature Reserve. Wild tawny lions were released into the study area and their hunting success recorded. All kill data were then compared to that of wild tawny lions in other small wildlife reserves in South Africa. <br /><br />Results: There was no significant difference between the mean kill rate or mean consumption rate of the two white lion groups and: (i) the tawny lion group in the same study area, (ii) wild tawny lions at the Madjuma Lion Reserve (MLR), Karongwe Game Reserve (KGR), Welgevonden Game Reserve (WGR), Makalali Game Reserve (MGR) and the Associated Private Nature Reserves (APNR) in South Africa. <br /><br />Conclusions: White lions are capable of hunting<br />self-sufficiently under managed free-roaming conditions in a small fenced area, suggesting that white coat colour does not prevent free-roaming white lions from hunting successfully in their natural habitat. We suggest therefore that the hunting behaviour of white lions be studied under fully free-roaming conditions. <br /><br />Keywords: white lion, colour variant, leucism, hunting success, Greater Kruger Park.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37829178" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c051befcc578274780ccb85fc6f172f0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57830330,"asset_id":37829178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57830330/download_file?st=MTczMjk5MzA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="97833630" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/JasonTurner">Jason Turner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="97833630" type="text/json">{"id":97833630,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Turner","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"JasonTurner","display_name":"Jason Turner","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/JasonTurner?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/97833630/22824451/21980226/s65_jason.turner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37829178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37829178"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37829178, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37829178", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37829178]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37829178").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37829178").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37829178"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75283" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protected_Area_Management">Protected Area Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="75283" type="text/json">{"id":75283,"name":"Protected Area Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protected_Area_Management?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99385" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management_and_Conservation">Wildlife Management and Conservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="99385" type="text/json">{"id":99385,"name":"Wildlife Management and Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management_and_Conservation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="394028" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_history_of_animals">Cultural history of animals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="394028" type="text/json">{"id":394028,"name":"Cultural history of animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_history_of_animals?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37829178]'), work: {"id":37829178,"title":"Effects of a colour variant on hunting ability: the white lion in South Africa","created_at":"2018-11-22T06:50:18.324-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37829178/Effects_of_a_colour_variant_on_hunting_ability_the_white_lion_in_South_Africa?f_ri=12516","dom_id":"work_37829178","summary":"Background: Coat colour variation has been recorded in several mammalian taxa, including large felid species. White lions are a rare colour variant of the African lion, Panthera leo, that only occurred in the wild in the Timbavati Private Nature Reserve and southern Kruger National Park, South Africa. Although white cubs were born in the Timbavati Private Nature Reserve in 2006, 2009, 2011, and 2014, and in southern Kruger National Park in 2014 and 2015, no adult animals had been seen since 1994. It has been suggested that white coat colour prevents free-roaming lions from hunting successfully and therefore surviving in the wild. This hypothesis was investigated under managed free-roaming conditions in two fenced areas since no adult white lions existed in the wild at the time. Two separate groups of white lions were rewilded and their hunting success evaluated. Prey density, availability of preferred prey and habitat type were similar to that of the white lions’ natural habitat of Timbavati Private Nature Reserve. Wild tawny lions were released into the study area and their hunting success recorded. All kill data were then compared to that of wild tawny lions in other small wildlife reserves in South Africa. \n\nResults: There was no significant difference between the mean kill rate or mean consumption rate of the two white lion groups and: (i) the tawny lion group in the same study area, (ii) wild tawny lions at the Madjuma Lion Reserve (MLR), Karongwe Game Reserve (KGR), Welgevonden Game Reserve (WGR), Makalali Game Reserve (MGR) and the Associated Private Nature Reserves (APNR) in South Africa. \n\nConclusions: White lions are capable of hunting\nself-sufficiently under managed free-roaming conditions in a small fenced area, suggesting that white coat colour does not prevent free-roaming white lions from hunting successfully in their natural habitat. We suggest therefore that the hunting behaviour of white lions be studied under fully free-roaming conditions. \n\nKeywords: white lion, colour variant, leucism, hunting success, Greater Kruger Park.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57830330,"asset_id":37829178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":97833630,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Turner","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"JasonTurner","display_name":"Jason Turner","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/JasonTurner?f_ri=12516","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/97833630/22824451/21980226/s65_jason.turner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":75283,"name":"Protected Area Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protected_Area_Management?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":99385,"name":"Wildlife Management and Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Management_and_Conservation?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":394028,"name":"Cultural history of animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_history_of_animals?f_ri=12516","nofollow":false},{"id":471927,"name":"Human-carnivore conflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-carnivore_conflict?f_ri=12516"},{"id":923520,"name":"Leucism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leucism?f_ri=12516"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15517160" data-work_id="15517160" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15517160/PhD_Thesis_Competition_and_Coexistence_in_an_Unpredictable_World">PhD Thesis - 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