Oceans | NIWA

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="NIWA aims to provide the knowledge needed for the sound environmental management of our marine resources." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://niwa.co.nz/oceans" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NIWA" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://niwa.co.nz/oceans" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Oceans" /> <meta property="og:description" content="NIWA aims to provide the knowledge needed for the sound environmental management of our marine resources." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://niwa.co.nz/sites/default/files/2023-12/oceans_1.png" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Oceans" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/signify/niwa/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <script src="/sites/default/files/google_tag/niwa/google_tag.script.js?st152j" defer></script> <title>Oceans | NIWA</title> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Fira+Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600&family=Roboto:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;1,300;1,400;1,500&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_p2S7kj2-q6mI8nXknGi5d0aQn6Do3KszhM0Ayz7Ok3E.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=niwa&include=eJx9j9FuwyAMRX-IhU9CBm4Yi8GVgaX5-5FWk9ZW3Ysln2NbviXXLEo1wTUqbMtjv1CcxLSjdRTrqcHUvJM9i_nO2Ju91aVIHAwTRGGjjgvN1S-6Go_eoQ7XizREt2aebbMJFUpskncU5lLMUq1nCdvHee_kK6gPhQuk8UklYoYeT3TD4XJd5QGPjuqh6Q7bnRbETFZQPOKyihY6nzS50IztKWxJZdT57a-y75VhOmR050fmOCf7LkHYNYQ-M73YTwX-8asM_aN_AMwfosI" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_VH1dGgr-UksKMN84bpM0fAPL9crPYJN2j1onSslf2Xc.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=niwa&include=eJx9j9FuwyAMRX-IhU9CBm4Yi8GVgaX5-5FWk9ZW3Ysln2NbviXXLEo1wTUqbMtjv1CcxLSjdRTrqcHUvJM9i_nO2Ju91aVIHAwTRGGjjgvN1S-6Go_eoQ7XizREt2aebbMJFUpskncU5lLMUq1nCdvHee_kK6gPhQuk8UklYoYeT3TD4XJd5QGPjuqh6Q7bnRbETFZQPOKyihY6nzS50IztKWxJZdT57a-y75VhOmR050fmOCf7LkHYNYQ-M73YTwX-8asM_aN_AMwfosI" /> <script src="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v6.1.0/js/all.js" defer crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v6.1.0/js/v4-shims.js" defer crossorigin="anonymous"></script> </head> <body class="path-taxonomy"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MXPZB4D" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="site__layout"> <header class="site__header"> <div class="site__header-inner"> <div class="site__header-logo"> <div id="block-niwa-site-branding"> <div class="site__header__brand"> <a class="site__header__brand__link" href="/" title="Go to the Homepage" rel="home"> <img class="site__header__brand__image" src="/themes/signify/niwa/images/niwa-logo-horizontal.svg" alt="NIWA"> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site__header-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-niwa-primarymenublock-menu" id="block-niwa-primarymenublock"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-niwa-primarymenublock-menu">Primary menu</h2> <ul class="site__header__menu__list--primary"> <li class="site__header__menu__item--primary"> <a href="/atmosphere" title="World class research contributing to our understanding of greenhouse gases, ozone depletion, and urban air pollution." class="site__header__menu__link--primary" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/89">Atmosphere</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--75-25"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Atmosphere</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">World class research contributing to our understanding of greenhouse gases, ozone depletion, and urban air pollution.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/atmosphere"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-12ab6dbe89e2bb219768f4e841c79861ce1093ced06bc507f99da2d32a1f9179"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-12ebfae2ffeb0b2f783aa6214bf9087ef07ee42ab57b831952e951d07735648f"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-children-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-topic-children view-id-topic_children view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-614575cd3f3e276a036e107019dd459aaee02e7d693c057c8d4759a14c0c3d5c"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-2d96a8f57f176491197c351cc15b27e2dc489c1e25e1a414f68fb553c7635473"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-fca1aec4a1da369a102ce5d6f6dffe06b70a45396f4a325a6d0b0dcafbab6107"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-related-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/atmosphere/air-quality" hreflang="en">Air quality</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/atmosphere/greenhouse-and-trace-gases" hreflang="en">Greenhouse and trace gases</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone-1" hreflang="en">UV and ozone</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/atmosphere?pt=10#filters">Research</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/accurate-quantification-methane-emissions-waste-and-agriculture">Accurate quantification of methane emissions from waste and agriculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate/research-projects/carbon-watch-nz">CarbonWatch NZ</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/methanesat">MethaneSAT</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/research-projects/total-carbon-column-observing-network">Total Carbon Column Observing Network</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/chemistry-climate-modelling">Chemistry-climate modelling</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/atmosphere?pt=13#filters">Tools & services</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/our-data/trace-gas-datasets">Trace gas datasets</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/carbon-dioxide">Carbon dioxide data</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/methane">Methane data</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone">UV & ozone</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/atmosphere?pt=6#filters">Facilities</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/facilities/baring-head">Baring Head Atmospheric Research Station</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/facilities/lauder-atmospheric-research-station">Lauder Atmospheric Research Station</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-promoted-page field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="card card--mega-menu"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/atmosphere/methanesat">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_mega_menu/public/2023-12/MethaneSATMission_web.jpg?h=094f39d6&itok=En9ShN2s" width="614" height="409" alt="MethaneSAT Mission" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> MethaneSAT </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Research Project</div> <div class="field field--name-node-post-date field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item">10 May 2023</div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Detecting and quantifying methane emissions by satellite</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-9a1f7a207f0371c5091683a864ca36f7771fe50816e5aea710baca9631444720"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-eb6d980e39918f7155daec5d151c226b7b70530008eb4818be0777ebf13859f0"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="site__header__menu__item--primary"> <a href="/climate-and-weather" title="Understanding our variable and changing climate is critical for managing resources and reducing risks." class="site__header__menu__link--primary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114324">Climate & Weather</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--75-25"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Climate & Weather</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">Understanding our variable and changing climate is critical for managing resources and reducing risks.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/climate-and-weather"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-8357446a156d4ebeb892d1ff1d16e389222e5c8534e7f1d9599b3238983cbead"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-59bf20996dac4b8effffc20fb3630b3ee23418b20fa9b5b408f19101d546bdf6"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-children-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-topic-children view-id-topic_children view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-5123f0bbda0b4a5959651d13c0bd8ceed12d013c18646c374aa7dc7a813279e8"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-eee3d0f910a5153e1a99614f21aa7dc81fd302afe4c01d406bd33eefc66b226d"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-3a05ac56f925556f86ca8f87af43283dcf8ad6c4db0906f4f261f9828aeca748"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-related-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/climate-and-weather/climate-change" hreflang="en">Climate change</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/climate-and-weather/climate-change-adaptation" hreflang="en">Climate change adaptation</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/climate-and-weather/climate-data" hreflang="en">Climate data</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/climate-and-weather/climate-modelling-and-projections" hreflang="en">Climate modelling and projections</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/climate-and-weather/weather-forecasting" hreflang="en">Weather forecasting</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/renewable-energy" hreflang="en">Renewable energy</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/climate-and-weather?pt=10#filters">Research</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate/research-projects/updated-national-climate-projections-for-aotearoa-new-zealand">Updated national climate projections</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate/research-projects/physics-and-ai-based-high-resolution-climate-projections">Physics + AI climate projections</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/nowcasting-and-short-medium-range-forecasting-solar-and-wind-energy">Nowcasting for solar and wind</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate/research-projects/climate-present-and-past">Climate present and past</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate/research-projects/providing-climate-change-advice-to-new-zealands-regions">Providing climate change advice for NZ</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/forecasting-weather-systems">Forecasting weather systems</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate/information-and-resources/citizen-science-new-zealand-rainfall-monitoring-network">Citizen science - rainfall monitoring</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/serious-games-tool-engage-people">Serious games as a tool to engage people</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/climate-and-weather?pt=13#filters">Tools & services</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/climate-change-adaptation-toolbox">Climate change adaptation toolbox</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/weather-and-climate-forecasting-services">Weather and climate forecasting services</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://shiny.niwa.co.nz/drought-forecast/">Drought forecasting dashboard</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/niwa-can-help-you-leverage-updated-climate-projections">Leveraging updated climate projections</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate/our-services/obtaining-climate-data-from-niwa">Climate data</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate/our-services/virtual-climate-stations">Virtual Climate Stations</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate/our-services/climate-mapping">Climate mapping</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/daily-climate-maps">Daily climate maps</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/climate-and-weather?pt=All&sort_by=recent#filters">Understanding our climate</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/seasonal-climate-outlook/seasonal-climate-outlook">Seasonal climate outlooks</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/climate-summaries-0">Climate summaries</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/sea-surface-temperature-update">Sea Surface Temperature Update</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/regional-climatologies">Regional climatologies</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/rainfall/southwest-pacific-tropical-cyclone-outlook">Southwest Pacific Tropical Cyclone Outlook</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/island-climate-update">Island Climate Update</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/el-nino-and-la-nina">El Niño and La Niña</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate/information-and-resources/nz-temperature-record">NZ temperature record</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-promoted-page field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="card card--mega-menu"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/climate-and-weather/niwa-can-help-you-leverage-updated-climate-projections">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_mega_menu/public/2022_PHOTO_COMP_Skyline_Hookcropped.jpg?h=034a5371&itok=5geu_pYl" width="614" height="409" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> NIWA can help you leverage updated climate projections </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Service</div> <div class="field field--name-node-post-date field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item">29 August 2024</div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">NIWA is using updated climate projections to help New Zealanders better understand climate-related risks.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-e00b687baf51ab8684920324cd57817f9d5c7d53456d72b0781a298a18528fd7"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-9e26fb9e404770212800c286a6ff1ee39b70f1ed3d9d7dbef01de63b9d88f83a"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="site__header__menu__item--primary"> <a href="/hazards" title="Nature can be a destructive force. Our science prevents property damage and saves lives." class="site__header__menu__link--primary" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/198">Hazards</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--75-25"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Hazards</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">Nature can be a destructive force. Our science prevents property damage and saves lives.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/hazards"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-8cf8c18da4e88456d952b93dbd6d6883f00f6516bf67fca0aa68f06d19444101"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-1b6c0e4578f1f44706878bb64466ffa1397a53e684e5e71c7222bad83209bf8b"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-children-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-topic-children view-id-topic_children view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-482638968258000d09d1bcf705ab1d1867bad45ae6a6c8c46965494479650a38"> <div class="topic-tag"><a href="/hazards/coastal-hazards" hreflang="en">Coastal hazards</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-fedcaa16179ebb366bffdaa449de48a88be72a524cabe35d156b3ab137eec586"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-cb356657858aaa3a9a8fd4b663b666e4a183b6c6b1fae367da9631e2fe9126ed"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-related-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/hazards/weather-hazards" hreflang="en">Weather hazards</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/hazards/geological-hazards" hreflang="en">Geological hazards</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/hazards?pt=10">Research</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/future-coasts-aotearoa">Future Coasts Aotearoa</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/wave-hazard-research">Wave hazard research</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/riskscape-software">Riskscape software</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/ma-te-haumaru-o-nga-puna-wai-o-rakaihautu-ka-ora-mo-ake-tonu">Mā te haumaru ō te wai: Aotearoa flood resilience</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/research-projects/responding-to-and-preparing-for-extreme-weather-events">Responding to and preparing for extreme weather events</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/forecasting-weather-systems">Forecasting weather systems</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/tsunami-generated-underwater-volcanoes">Tsunami generated by underwater volcanoes</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/weather-hazards/river-flow-forecasting">River flow forecasting</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/our-services?subtree%5Btopic%5D=198">Tools & services</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/coastal-hazards/extreme-coastal-flood-maps-aotearoa-new-zealand">Extreme coastal flood maps for Aotearoa New Zealand</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts/tides/storm-tide-red-alert-days-2025">Storm-tide red-alert days 2025</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts/tide-forecaster">Tide forecaster</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/sea-level-rise">Sea-level rise</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://shiny.niwa.co.nz/drought-forecast/">Drought dashboard</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/serious-games-tool-engage-people">Serious games as a tool to engage people</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-promoted-page field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="card card--mega-menu"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/news/tonga-eruption-confirmed-largest-ever-recorded">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_mega_menu/public/2022_10_3D_MODEL_HTHH_parsonskingDSC00900-web.jpg?h=f3f0a9e5&itok=gsi2rTI3" width="614" height="409" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Tonga eruption confirmed as largest ever recorded </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Media release</div> <div class="field field--name-node-post-date field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item">21 November 2022</div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">A New Zealand-led team has completed the fullest investigation to date into January’s eruption of the underwater Tongan volcano.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-028cb8c7eba0eefc323094a779ec7ad17e75d87cad1e5654c5a2d8126a7647ee"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-fc23c79628a053441cae1d30ae7efd22f473d6aad97ce25442acb23de3f8ce11"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="site__header__menu__item--primary"> <a href="/coasts-and-oceans" title="NIWA aims to provide the knowledge needed for the sound environmental management of our marine resources." class="site__header__menu__link--primary" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/6203">Coasts & Oceans</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--75-25"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Coasts & Oceans</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">NIWA aims to provide the knowledge needed for the sound environmental management of our marine resources.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/coasts-and-oceans"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-69a3b5546bd684dc57ae33db657993c5c183b82dd2da1f05b9411bc275d41481"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-dc968b108a42d18212b7384d73bce721f9446631a9f73d2838461daee7c70262"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-children-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-topic-children view-id-topic_children view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-4966143d8142154b7f20686a4d7b04cb6d3fbc5c976b8c246bbdaa672bb84d1b"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-9e08876e467540d0386eec9769df961db86fc01d65c91c421277cc2618a62741"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-95873aa45208ab3587b59ebab23acbcfde6ee1d0087787e299d58c5393206547"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-related-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/fisheries" hreflang="en">Fisheries</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/aquaculture" hreflang="en">Aquaculture</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/oceans" hreflang="en">Oceans</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/coasts" hreflang="en">Coasts</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/coasts/estuaries" hreflang="en">Estuaries</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/antarctica" hreflang="en">Antarctica</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/research">Research</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/antarctica?pt=10#filters">Antarctica</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/aquaculture?pt=10#filters">Aquaculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts?pt=10#filters">Coasts </a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/research?subtree%5Btopic%5D=6145&subtree%5Bsubtopic%5D=158&created=All">Estuaries</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fisheries?pt=10#filters">Fisheries </a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans?pt=10#filters">Oceans</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/our-services">Tools & Services</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/aquaculture?pt=13#filters">Aquaculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts?pt=13#filters">Coasts</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/our-services?subtree%5Btopic%5D=6145&subtree%5Bsubtopic%5D=158">Estuaries</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fisheries?pt=13#filters">Fisheries</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans?pt=13#filters">Oceans</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/vessels/niwa-vessels">NIWA Vessels</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/coasts-and-oceans?pt=27">Frequently visited</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/aquaculture/yellowtail-kingfish">Kingfish aquaculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/future-coasts-aotearoa">Future Coasts Aotearoa</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts/marine-biosecurity">Marine biosecurity</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fisheries/ross-sea-toothfish-fishery">The Ross Sea toothfish fishery</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fisheries/recreational-fishing">Recreational Fishing</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts/marine-identification-guides-and-fact-sheets">Marine identification guides</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/voyages">Voyages</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts/edna-research-and-services">eDNA research and services</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-promoted-page field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="card card--mega-menu"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/vessels/voyages/ross-sea-voyage-2025">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_mega_menu/public/inline-images/grab_sample_25_01_2025_gert_0.jpg?h=4521fff0&itok=er7lnYBA" width="614" height="409" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Ross Sea “ACTUATE” Voyage - TAN2502 </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">RV Tangaroa voyage to the Ross Sea, the ship’s 16th voyage to Antarctica and Southern Ocean.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-0acb039df0d956bdfcaa29d231c90bce8b3e83d832f3089cc08c2a713b152df7"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-7a3eb36508c5c2f7900bfd9139e3ea09e215975d2f1af49ac3ea8f6cba69d7fe"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="site__header__menu__item--primary"> <a href="/freshwater" title="We provide public information on river, lake, and groundwater conditions across New Zealand including water quantity and quality." class="site__header__menu__link--primary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114353">Freshwater</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--75-25"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Freshwater</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">We provide public information on river, lake, and groundwater conditions across New Zealand including water quantity and quality.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/freshwater"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-724e6bb152bc5fad5804070f12bda2bb5656116dfab3f68a660f445fc1c478b7"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-bef07c4cdf3e62c901eb3a474ae6d1f2da780f65cae1da49c4e85f32a2ecc82f"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-children-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-topic-children view-id-topic_children view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-e50cc1d61d02ee90de9a3db65aa6644a40d6e392e0b62893686b5eb281aef8a7"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-e533833817c349e481588659358ab1b4742eab9416658473214e7f883a2b0c11"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-e477d96cc534e5eb146a6dd9f3c1d32acf66272b9f8757c8647361418eebe8ea"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-related-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/freshwater/ecological-monitoring" hreflang="en">Ecological monitoring</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/freshwater/ecotoxicology" hreflang="en">Ecotoxicology</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-fish" hreflang="en">Freshwater fish</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-invertebrates" hreflang="en">Freshwater invertebrates</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-quality" hreflang="en">Freshwater quality</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-restoration" hreflang="en">Freshwater restoration</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/freshwater?pt=10">Research</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/stopping-gold-clam-its-now-or-never">Stopping the gold clam: it's now or never</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/rototurf-aquatic-plant-life-rafts-degraded-lakes">Roto Turf: Aquatic plant ‘life rafts’ in degraded lakes</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-mitigation-systems">Freshwater mitigation systems</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/fish-passage">Fish Passage</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/high-frequency-water-quality-monitoring-guidance">High Frequency Water Quality Monitoring Guidance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/bio-acoustic-fish-fence">Bio-Acoustic Fish Fence</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/research-projects/snow-and-ice-network">Snow and Ice Network</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/freshwater?pt=13">Services</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/niwa-water-quality-laboratory">NIWA Water Quality Laboratory</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/algal-monitoring-service">Algal monitoring service</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/ecotoxicology-services">Ecotoxicology services</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-aquatic-plants">Freshwater aquatic plants</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/lakespi-keeping-tabs-lake-health">LakeSPI: Keeping tabs on lake health</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/water-quality-modelling">Water quality modelling</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/freshwater?pt=13">Tools & Resources</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-databases-online">Freshwater databases online</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/fish-passage-home/new-zealand-fish-passage-guidelines">Fish Passage Guidelines</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fish-passage/guidelines-monitoring-fish-passage-success">Guidelines for monitoring fish passage success</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/environmental-information/nz-freshwater-fish-database/nz-freshwater-fish-database-help">Freshwater Fish database</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-pest-species">Freshwater pest species</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-mitigation-systems/riparian-buffers/riparian-buffer-design-guide">Riparian Buffer Design Guide</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-mitigation-systems/constructed-wetlands/constructed-wetland-guidelines">Constructed wetland guidelines</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/stream-health-monitoring-and-assessment-kit-shmak">Stream Health Monitoring and Assessment Kit (SHMAK)</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/freshwater/freshwater-programme-overview">Programmes</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/programme-overview/freshwater-species-ecology-and-management">Freshwater species ecology and management</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/programme-overview/Hydrological-observations-and-predictions">Hydrological observations and predictions</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/programme-overview/environmental-flows">Environmental flows</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/programme-overview/causes-and-effects-of-water-quality-degradation">Causes and effects of water quality degradation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater-biosecurity">Freshwater biosecurity</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-mitigation-systems">Freshwater mitigation systems</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-promoted-page field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="card card--mega-menu"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/freshwater/stopping-gold-clam-its-now-or-never">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_mega_menu/public/2024-10/Gold_clam_bannerMiddle.png?h=000c6485&itok=hZMVsY0Z" width="614" height="409" alt="Gold_clam_bannerMiddle.png" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Stopping the gold clam: it's now or never </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">A NIWA-led programme to develop effective, and culturally-attuned strategies for managing the freshwater gold clam. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-0b55c4a3b0b9ba1330922b837f9c85fde98c71123e0d26249019e6aa354ae68a"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-202395cb2914db40b16255ffbca1f95d89314814b1625733e8c1197a1279dd77"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="site__header__menu__item--primary"> <a href="/te-kuwaha-and-maori" title="Working together with hapū, iwi, Māori communities and Māori business to deliver tailored science." class="site__header__menu__link--primary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114354">Te Kūwaha</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--75-25"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Te Kūwaha</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">Working together with hapū, iwi, Māori communities and Māori business to deliver tailored science.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/te-kuwaha-and-maori"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-576a719c4096e90a52c16ce12ac881742ebc952c14a7fb4aac3b3c152fd2c379"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-3742ee85b9c9661ed34e3b0b0ff930994205709d914e63244efb96e0da241be9"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-children-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-topic-children view-id-topic_children view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-2f199009290b528817535da0dbaf41966a27149b90a83e1fdbffde95606679ad"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-953b2ea67fe86597ef6f84a475fa8324cdef1677153ef1b1c7f0ee9ccaa0bbad"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-2e05df2c62f47e90c0078d871f6393c0316e2a81444bab0a333ee7372fa23d34"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-related-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/te-kuwaha-and-maori/taonga-species" hreflang="en">Taonga species</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/te-kuwaha-and-maori?pt=10#filters">Research</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-kuwaha/research-projects/cultural-keystone-species-co-management-and-restoration-of-our-freshwater-taonga-species">Cultural Keystone Species</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-kuwaha/research-projects/maniapoto-cultural-assessment-framework">Maniapoto Cultural Assessment Framework</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-k%C5%ABwaha/research-projects/the-impact-of-non-native-marine-pests-on-our-takutai-moana">The impact of non-native marine pests on our takutai moana</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-k%C5%ABwaha/research-projects/ng%C4%81-repo-o-maniapoto-maniapoto-wetland-inventory">Ngā repo o Maniapoto - Maniapoto wetland inventory</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/te-kuwaha-and-maori?pt=13#filters">Tools & Resources</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taonga-species">Taonga Species Series</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-kuwaha/ccva">Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment (CCVA)</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-kuwaha-and-maori/kaitiaki-tools">Kaitiaki Tools</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-kuwaha/tools-and-resources/trends-analysis-for-selected-indicators-of-waikato-river-health-and-wellbeing-2010-2019">Trends analysis for selected indicators of Waikato River health</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate/information-and-resources/climate-and-m%C4%81ori-society">Climate and Māori society</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-promoted-page field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="card card--mega-menu"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/te-kuwaha-and-maori/te-kuwaha-graduate-programme">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_mega_menu/public/2023-01/koru.jpg?h=c74750f6&itok=zxI9Rh7E" width="614" height="409" alt="Koru" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Te Kūwaha Graduate Programme </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-post-date field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item">19 January 2023</div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">NIWA’s Te Kūwaha Graduate Internship programme has been established to help support and create tangible pathways for the next generation of Māori researchers. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-189b026fd388c300eda7269e3d22ee56403a7e773b743a4cfe6fc51b3d0579bc"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-40fa01fbbd1646ed578ae6c55d1085dcd1d799d8288c3b90b0f51a1a403ea85a"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="site__header__menu__item--primary"> <a href="/pacific" title="We provide applied science and environmental consultancy services to support international development. NIWA works collaboratively with Pacific partners to support the sustainable management and resilience of natural resources, environments & communities." class="site__header__menu__link--primary" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/222">Pacific</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--75-25"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Pacific</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">We provide applied science and environmental consultancy services to support international development. NIWA works collaboratively with Pacific partners to support the sustainable management and resilience of natural resources, environments & communities.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/pacific"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-da5232d9c4fbdbae53745d632e433f9e89b4359758a8fd9dd069773aa044faa4"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-35c37352706fd774f5736062f0c106b998f3c42f9d3d173ecce7e06e8132dd40"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-children-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-topic-children view-id-topic_children view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-00bb9d5576ff342baa885eac9011f9c4b1183d813ec50d42d08ec0cd767b0508"> <div class="topic-tag"><a href="/pacific/pacific-freshwater" hreflang="en">Pacific freshwater</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-3d00217e1b46b4fb1530538c9c3e9cd86583ad81a058f4d895d319eb90eef907"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-951bd87fbb4799c1109d7ad63bd2c703ded6a1fc59f1d98265b914c1e295bada"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-related-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/pacific/pacific-climate" hreflang="en">Pacific climate</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/pacific/pacific-fisheries-and-aquaculture" hreflang="en">Pacific fisheries and aquaculture</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/pacific/pacific-hazards" hreflang="en">Pacific hazards</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/pacific/pacific-hydrography" hreflang="en">Pacific hydrography</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/pacific/pacific-marine-biosecurity" hreflang="en">Pacific marine biosecurity</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/pacific/pacific-ocean-science" hreflang="en">Pacific ocean science</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/pacific/pacific-partnerships">Partnerships</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/752874b7f122451a8dff87a068f4402f">A Floating University for the Pacific</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts/seabed-2030/seabed-2030">Pacific Centre for Seabed 2030</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://gem.spc.int/updates/blog/2021/09/new-ocean-acidification-training-hub-launched-to-tackle-growing-threat">Pacific Ocean Acidification Training Hub</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/pacific?pt=10#filters">Research Projects</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/pacific-rim/research-projects/pacific-risk-tool-for-resilience-phase-2-partner-2">Pacific Risk Tool for Resilience, Phase 2 (PARTneR-2)</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/pacific/improved-sustainability-demersal-line-fishery-tonga">Improved sustainability of the demersal line fishery in Tonga</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/pacific-rim/research-projects/development-of-sustainable-water-supply-and-treatment-systems-for-a-coastal-fijian-village">Development of sustainable water supply and treatment systems</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/pacific?pt=13#filters">Tools & Services</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/island-climate-update">Island Climate Update</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/coastal-hazards/partner-pacific-risk-tool-resilience">Riskscape</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/pacific/climate-data-environment-services-client-clidesc">Climate Data for the Environment Services Client (CliDESc)</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.vmgd.gov.vu/climate/climate-maps">Climatology maps for Vanuatu</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/pacific/pacific-freshwater/site-household-sanitation-guidelines-fiji">On-Site Household Sanitation Guidelines for Fiji</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-promoted-page field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="card card--mega-menu"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/climate-and-weather/island-climate-update">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_mega_menu/public/2023-09/2022_09_TONGATAPU_parsonskingDSC08863.jpg?h=82f92a78&itok=5PQVHxgt" width="614" height="409" alt="Coconut palms against the night sky in Tongatapu" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Island Climate Update </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Publication series</div> <div class="field field--name-node-post-date field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item">06 June 2017</div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">A monthly summary of the climate in the tropical South Pacific islands, with an outlook for the coming months.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-0bd825a0aef57066e8e5d68fb175df9f0548fa6c07e7029a6d8b447dd7109cbd"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-d7140063825f0156d102fef51e2914141568da4d215b928cdabc2864091bcbd7"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-niwa-secondarymenublock-menu" id="block-niwa-secondarymenublock"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-niwa-secondarymenublock-menu">Secondary menu</h2> <ul class="site__header__menu__list--secondary"> <li data-disable-flyout="0" class="site__header__menu__item--secondary"> <a href="/about-niwa" title="Decision makers at all levels are seeking evidence-based analysis and advice from environmental experts. NIWA’s science provides high quality insights to underpin important decisions, and innovative solutions." class="site__header__menu__link--secondary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114355">About</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsecondary-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">About</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">Decision makers at all levels are seeking evidence-based analysis and advice from environmental experts. NIWA’s science provides high quality insights to underpin important decisions, and innovative solutions.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/about-niwa"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-secondary-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links-utility paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/about-niwa/our-people">Our people</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/our-people/our-board">Our board</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/our-people/our-management/executive-team">Executive team</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/our-people/our-management/science-management-team">Science management team</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/our-people/our-management/operations-management-team">Operations management team</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/node/112602">Staff search</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links-utility paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/about-niwa/careers-niwa">Careers at NIWA</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/careers-niwa/our-work">Our work</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/careers-niwa/work-life-balance">Work-life balance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/careers-niwa/process">The process</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/careers-niwa/careers-faqs">Careers - FAQs</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/careers-niwa/coming-overseas">Coming from overseas?</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links-utility paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/about-niwa">About us</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/our-company">Our company</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/our-mission">Our mission</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/statement-core-purpose">Statement of Core Purpose</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/annual-reports">Annual reports</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/our-partners-funders">Our partners & funders</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links-utility paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/about-niwa">More about us</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/science-sector-reforms">Science sector reforms</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/organisational-sustainability">Organisational sustainability charter</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/niwa-and-kia-toipoto-closing-gender-and-ethnic-pay-gaps">NIWA and Kia Toipoto - Closing gender and ethnic pay gaps </a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-disable-flyout="1" class="site__header__menu__item--secondary"> <a href="/contact-us" title="Contact us for all your enquiries about NIWA" class="site__header__menu__link--secondary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114344">Contact Us</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsecondary-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Contact Us</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">Contact us for all your enquiries about NIWA</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-go-to-section-link view-id-menu_item_go_to_section_link view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-47419a6010a0cae73ac2b6bf767c62c277e608196cd586b0c7cb7682f26be94c"> <div class="views-row"><div><span class="menu-link-content__section-link"><a href="/contact-us">Explore all</a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-secondary-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links-utility paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/contact-us">Contacts</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/contact-us">Contact us for general, media and website enquiries</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/node/119">NIWA locations</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-disable-flyout="0" class="site__header__menu__item--secondary"> <a href="/education-and-training" title="NIWA is committed to education in New Zealand at all levels." class="site__header__menu__link--secondary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114345">Education</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsecondary-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Education</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">NIWA is committed to education in New Zealand at all levels.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-go-to-section-link view-id-menu_item_go_to_section_link view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-de1bf7385d31f0db07803eb4e8a8fe321e033cf2d58c45ebd39fd29c3159d109"> <div class="views-row"><div><span class="menu-link-content__section-link"><a href="/education-and-training">Explore all</a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-secondary-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links-utility paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/education-and-information">Education and information</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/climate-change-information-climate-solvers">Climate change</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/clouds">Clouds</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/common-hydrological-terms">Common hydrological terms</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/common-climate-and-weather-terms">Common climate and weather terms</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/drought">Drought</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/el-nino-and-la-nina">El Niño and La Niña</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/southern-annular-mode">Southern Annular Mode</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/storms-and-cyclones">Storms and cyclones</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links-utility paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/about-niwa/resources-teachers">Resources for teachers – lessons and activities</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/my-coastal-futures-online-game">My coastal futures: adapting to climate change</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/township-flood-challenge-game">Township flood challenge: adapting to more extreme weather</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/rangi-weather-and-climate-lessons-teachers">Rangi: understanding weather and climate</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/air-aware-air-quality-lessons-teachers-and-experiments-curious-kids">Air aware: air quality lessons</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/when-fresh-water-meets-salty-water">Estuaries: when fresh water meets salty</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/climate-data-and-activities">Other climate data and activities</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/gallery/niwa-posters">NIWA posters to order</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links-utility paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/education-and-training">More education</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/science-and-technology-fairs">Science and technology fairs</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-kuwaha-and-maori/te-kuwaha-graduate-programme">Te Kūwaha Graduate Programme </a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/te-piko-o-te-mahuri">Te Piko o te Māhuri</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/scholarships">Scholarships</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/tertiary-institutions-we-work">Supporting postgraduate students</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/post-doctoral-fellowships">Post-doctoral fellowships</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/training-courses">NIWA training courses</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-disable-flyout="1" class="site__header__menu__item--secondary"> <a href="/news" title="Read about the important science being undertaken at NIWA, and how it affects New Zealanders" class="site__header__menu__link--secondary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114325">News</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsecondary-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">News</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">Read about the important science being undertaken at NIWA, and how it affects New Zealanders</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-go-to-section-link view-id-menu_item_go_to_section_link view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-8c7bade5ad42d7317bcb9163a5d8f51bd65e090c44e3dedd71432198c4d5369d"> <div class="views-row"><div><span class="menu-link-content__section-link"><a href="/news">Explore all</a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-secondary-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links-utility paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/news">News manual links</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links-utility paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/publications">Publications</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/water-atmosphere">Water & Atmosphere magazine</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container mega-menu__inline-view-block"> <h2><a href="/news">News & Events</a></h2> <div><div class="mega-menu--view-block mega-menu__view-block js-view-dom-id-b0960723e2de7f5aeddcbbacdc6cb6edf6d72d8933d5066aae8ef241fa9a96d6"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/news/flooding-underneath-new-tool-reveals-shallow-groundwater-elevations" hreflang="en">Flooding from underneath: New tool reveals shallow groundwater elevations </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/news/extreme-lakeover-niwas-guide-rolling-back-life-new-zealand-lake" hreflang="und">Extreme Lakeover: NIWA’s Guide to Rolling Back Life into New Zealand Lake</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/news/new-technology-enhances-river-digital-networks-improved-water-management" hreflang="und">New Technology Enhances River Digital Networks for Improved Water Management</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/news/innovative-methods-tackling-pest-fish-power-sound-and-light" hreflang="und">Innovative Methods in Tackling Pest Fish: The Power of Sound and Light</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/news/climate-change-disrupts-river-sediment-management-adaptation-strategies-needed" hreflang="und">Climate Change Disrupts River Sediment Management: Adaptation Strategies Needed</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/news/extreme-atmospheric-rivers-could-double-future-climate" hreflang="en">Extreme atmospheric rivers could double in future climate </a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-disable-flyout="1" class="site__header__menu__item--secondary"> <a href="/videos-0" class="site__header__menu__link--secondary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114346">Videos</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsecondary-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Videos</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/videos-0"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-secondary-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links-utility paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/videos-0">Videos</a></h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-disable-flyout="1" class="site__header__menu__item--secondary"> <a href="/publications" class="site__header__menu__link--secondary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114330">Publications</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsecondary-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Publications</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-go-to-section-link view-id-menu_item_go_to_section_link view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-8eeb95ed27f3e161ad6bbbc059bf5f301acb302c00cc57d5e5644b0cf17a4951"> <div class="views-row"><div><span class="menu-link-content__section-link"><a href="/publications">Explore all</a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-disable-flyout="1" class="site__header__menu__item--secondary"> <a href="/research" title="Explore all of our world-leading research projects" class="site__header__menu__link--secondary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114350">Research</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsecondary-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Research</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">Explore all of our world-leading research projects</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-go-to-section-link view-id-menu_item_go_to_section_link view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-4e1cdf7cdd6dbf786430ddfb110919c7b103e840af71345136a6238051149c58"> <div class="views-row"><div><span class="menu-link-content__section-link"><a href="/research">Explore all</a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-disable-flyout="1" class="site__header__menu__item--secondary"> <a href="/our-services" title="Services and products" class="site__header__menu__link--secondary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114416">Services</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsecondary-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Services</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">Services and products</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/our-services"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-secondary-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links-utility paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/our-services">Services</a></h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <a class="menu-placeholder" href="#"> <svg class="menu-placeholder-image" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512">  <path fill="currentColor" d="M436 124H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12V80c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12zm0 160H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-32c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12zm0 160H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-32c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12z"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="site__header-search"> <div class="site__header__search__icon"> <button class="site__header__search__icon__button button--solid js-toggle"> <img class="site__header__search__icon__image" src="/themes/signify/niwa/images/font-awesome--magnifying-glass.svg"> </button> </div> <div class="search-blocks-popup-form header-search hide" data-drupal-selector="search-blocks-popup-form" id="block-popupsearchblock"> <form action="/oceans" method="post" id="search-blocks-popup-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-search form-item-s js-form-item-s"> <label for="edit-s">Search</label> <input placeholder="Enter search topic, keyword" data-drupal-selector="edit-s" type="search" id="edit-s" name="s" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-search" /> </div> <input id="edit-reset" type="reset" value="Reset" class="button form-submit" /><input data-drupal-selector="edit-qsubmit" type="submit" id="edit-qsubmit" name="op" value="Submit" class="button js-form-submit form-submit" /> <input data-drupal-selector="form-wjp7ebkul17khllooglykksoqdzazah4psfk0h2njsq" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-wjP7eBKuL17kHLLooglYkksoqdZAzaH4pSfk0H2NjsQ" /> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-search-blocks-popup-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_blocks_popup_form" /> </form> <button class="header-search__close-button js-button--search-close" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-search-form" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-search-form" aria-label="Close search form"> <span class="js-header__search-close-icon header__search-close-icon"> CLOSE </span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="site__header-social"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-socialmenu-2-menu" id="block-socialmenu-2"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-socialmenu-2-menu">Social menu</h2> <div class="site__header__menu--social"> <ul data-region="header_social" class="menu__list"> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/nzniwa" title=" Facebook" class="menu__link"> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsocial-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z"></path> </svg> </div> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/niwa_science/" title="Instagram" class="menu__link"> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsocial-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M224.1 141c-63.6 0-114.9 51.3-114.9 114.9s51.3 114.9 114.9 114.9S339 319.5 339 255.9 287.7 141 224.1 141zm0 189.6c-41.1 0-74.7-33.5-74.7-74.7s33.5-74.7 74.7-74.7 74.7 33.5 74.7 74.7-33.6 74.7-74.7 74.7zm146.4-194.3c0 14.9-12 26.8-26.8 26.8-14.9 0-26.8-12-26.8-26.8s12-26.8 26.8-26.8 26.8 12 26.8 26.8zm76.1 27.2c-1.7-35.9-9.9-67.7-36.2-93.9-26.2-26.2-58-34.4-93.9-36.2-37-2.1-147.9-2.1-184.9 0-35.8 1.7-67.6 9.9-93.9 36.1s-34.4 58-36.2 93.9c-2.1 37-2.1 147.9 0 184.9 1.7 35.9 9.9 67.7 36.2 93.9s58 34.4 93.9 36.2c37 2.1 147.9 2.1 184.9 0 35.9-1.7 67.7-9.9 93.9-36.2 26.2-26.2 34.4-58 36.2-93.9 2.1-37 2.1-147.8 0-184.8zM398.8 388c-7.8 19.6-22.9 34.7-42.6 42.6-29.5 11.7-99.5 9-132.1 9s-102.7 2.6-132.1-9c-19.6-7.8-34.7-22.9-42.6-42.6-11.7-29.5-9-99.5-9-132.1s-2.6-102.7 9-132.1c7.8-19.6 22.9-34.7 42.6-42.6 29.5-11.7 99.5-9 132.1-9s102.7-2.6 132.1 9c19.6 7.8 34.7 22.9 42.6 42.6 11.7 29.5 9 99.5 9 132.1s2.7 102.7-9 132.1z"></path> </svg> </div> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://nz.linkedin.com/company/niwa" title="LinkedIn" class="menu__link"> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsocial-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z"></path> </svg> </div> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/niwa_nz" title="X" class="menu__link"> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsocial-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"></path> </svg> </div> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/@NIWA_Science" title="YouTube" class="menu__link"> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsocial-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 576 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M549.7 124.1c-6.3-23.7-24.8-42.3-48.3-48.6C458.8 64 288 64 288 64S117.2 64 74.6 75.5c-23.5 6.3-42 24.9-48.3 48.6-11.4 42.9-11.4 132.3-11.4 132.3s0 89.4 11.4 132.3c6.3 23.7 24.8 41.5 48.3 47.8C117.2 448 288 448 288 448s170.8 0 213.4-11.5c23.5-6.3 42-24.2 48.3-47.8 11.4-42.9 11.4-132.3 11.4-132.3s0-89.4-11.4-132.3zm-317.5 213.5V175.2l142.7 81.2-142.7 81.2z"></path> </svg> </div> </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <main class="site__main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="site__main__content"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-niwa-content"> <div class="page__title-banner--with"> <div class="page__title-banner__promotion-image"> <div class='page__title-banner__promotion-image' style='background-image: url(https://niwa.co.nz/sites/default/files/styles/banner/public/2023-12/oceans_1.png?h=b953d5eb&itok=EZ4G54ok)'></div> </div> <div class="page__title-banner-wrapper"> <div class="page__title-banner__text-box"> <div class="page__title"> <h1 class="page__title__text"> Oceans </h1> </div> <div class="page__summary"> <p class="page__summary__text">NIWA aims to provide the knowledge needed for the sound environmental management of our marine resources.</p> </div> <div class="page__title-banner__icon-menu"> <a href="/oceans" class="field-group-link icon-menu__button" title="Oceans" hreflang="en"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 509.3 520.2" style="enable-background:new 0 0 509.3 520.2;" xml:space="preserve"> <style type="text/css"> .st0{display:none;} .st1{display:inline;} </style> <g id="Layer_1" class="st0"> <g id="Layer_5"> <path class="st1" d="M186.3,74.1c7.8-3.6,12.2-12.2,10.5-20.7L191.1,25L236.5,59c2.9,2.2,6.3,3.4,9.9,3.7 c27.6,2,51.5,13.5,70.4,27.7c20.8,15.6,35.6,34.3,42.8,46.8c-7.2,12.4-22,31.2-42.8,46.8c-18.9,14.1-42.8,25.8-70.4,27.7 c-3.6,0.2-7,1.5-9.9,3.7l-45.4,34.1l5.7-28.4c1.7-8.5-2.6-17-10.5-20.7c-10-4.6-19.1-10.3-27.2-16.4c-8-6.1-17.2-14.6-23.5-21.2 c-6-6.2-15.5-7.6-23-3.2l-54.4,31.7l23.8-44.9c3.3-5.7,3.3-12.8,0-18.6L57.2,83.1l54.4,31.8c7.5,4.4,17,3,23-3.2 c6.2-6.5,16.5-15.1,24.5-21.2C167.2,84.4,176.3,78.7,186.3,74.1L186.3,74.1z M39.5,65.6c-6.3,6.2-7.6,15.8-3.2,23.4l27.8,48.7 l-27.8,48.7c-4.4,7.7-3,17.2,3.2,23.4c6.3,6.2,15.8,7.4,23.5,3l56.6-33c7.2,7.5,15.5,15.1,24.7,22c9.4,7,20,13.7,31.9,19.2 l-5.9,29.5c-1.5,7.9,1.9,16,8.7,20.3c6.8,4.3,15.5,3.9,22-0.9l47.2-35.4c33.4-2.4,61.7-16.4,83.4-32.7 c23.8-17.9,40.8-39.4,49.6-54.4c3.6-6,3.6-13.5,0-19.5c-8.7-15.1-25.8-36.5-49.6-54.4c-21.8-16.3-50.1-30.2-83.4-32.7L200.8,5.4 c-6.4-4.9-15.2-5.2-22-0.9c-6.9,4.3-10.3,12.4-8.7,20.3l5.9,29.5c-11.8,5.5-22.4,12.1-31.9,19.2c-9.3,7-17.6,14.5-24.7,22 L62.9,62.6C55.3,58.2,45.7,59.4,39.5,65.6L39.5,65.6z M286.5,152.3c8,0,14.6-6.5,14.6-14.6c0-8.1-6.5-14.6-14.6-14.6 s-14.6,6.5-14.6,14.6C271.9,145.8,278.4,152.3,286.5,152.3z"></path> <path class="st1" d="M161.6,355c8.1,3.7,15.6,8.3,22.2,13.3c6.5,5,12.4,10.2,17.5,15.6c4.9,5.1,12.6,6.2,18.6,2.6l44.3-25.8 l-21.8,38.2c-2.7,4.7-2.7,10.5,0,15.1l21.7,38.1l-44.3-25.8c-6.1-3.5-13.8-2.5-18.6,2.6c-5.1,5.3-10.9,10.7-17.5,15.6 c-6.6,5-14,9.5-22.2,13.3c-6.4,2.9-9.9,9.9-8.5,16.8l4.6,23.1l-36.9-27.7c-2.3-1.7-5.2-2.8-8-3c-22.4-1.6-41.9-11.1-57.2-22.6 c-16.9-12.7-28.9-27.9-34.8-38c5.9-10.1,18-25.4,34.8-38c15.4-11.5,34.7-21,57.2-22.6c2.9-0.2,5.7-1.2,8-3l36.9-27.7l-4.6,23.1 C151.7,345.1,155.1,352.1,161.6,355L161.6,355z M280.3,343.4c-5.1-5.1-15.6-6-21.7-2.4l-46.1,26.8c-5.8-6.1-12.5-12.3-20.1-18 c-7.6-5.8-10.3-8.5-19.9-13l4.8-24.9c1.3-6.4-1.5-13.1-7-16.5c-5.6-3.4-14.4-2.3-19.7,1.6l-38.5,28.8c-27.2,2-50.1,13.3-67.8,26.6 C24.9,367,11,384.4,4,396.7c-2.8,4.9-2.8,14.4,0,19.3c7.1,12.3,21,29.7,40.3,44.3c17.6,13.2,40.6,24.6,64.4,26.6l38.3,28.8 c8.8,4,15.8,4.2,21.4,0.8s8.3-10.1,7-16.5l-3.1-24.1c9.6-4.5,14.8-8.1,22.4-13.8c7.6-5.7,14.3-11.9,20.1-18l46.1,26.8 c6.2,3.6,15.7,0.9,20.9-4.1c5.1-5.1,6.2-12.9,2.6-19.1L261.8,408l22.6-43.1C288.1,358.8,285.1,348.4,280.3,343.4L280.3,343.4z M93.1,406.4c0-6.3-5.1-11.4-11.4-11.4c-6.3,0-11.4,5.1-11.4,11.4c0,6.4,5.1,11.4,11.4,11.4C87.9,417.8,93.1,412.7,93.1,406.4z"></path> <path class="st1" d="M403.3,242.7l-3.3-16.8l23.7,20.2c1.7,1.3,3.8,2.1,5.8,2.2c16.3,1.1,30.4,8,41.6,16.4 c12.3,9.2,21,20.3,25.3,27.7c-4.3,7.4-13.1,18.5-25.3,27.7c-11.2,8.4-25.3,15.2-41.6,16.4c-2.1,0.1-4.2,0.9-5.8,2.2L401,357.7 l2.3-15.8c1-5-1.6-10-6.2-12.2c-6-2.7-14.4-6.1-19.2-9.7c-4.8-3.6-14.2-11.7-18-15.6c-3.6-3.7-9.2-4.5-13.6-1.9l-28,18.8 l13.8-21.4c2-3.3,2-9.7,0-13.1l-13.9-24.6l32.2,18.8c4.4,2.6,10,1.8,13.6-1.9c3.7-3.9,10-11.9,14.8-15.6c4.8-3.7,12.3-6,18.2-8.7 C401.7,252.8,404.3,247.7,403.3,242.7z M299.2,242.5c-4,4-6.3,12.2-3.4,17.1l17.9,33.9l-17.9,31.3c-2.8,4.9-2,11.1,2.1,15 c4.1,4,11.6,6.2,16.5,3.2l36.3-21.2c4.6,4.8,9.9,9.7,15.9,14.2c6.1,4.5,10.1,7.4,17.8,11l-2.4,19c-1,5.1,1.3,10.2,5.5,12.9 c4.4,2.7,10,2.5,14.2-0.6l30.3-22.8c21.4-1.6,39.6-10.5,53.6-21c15.4-11.5,26.2-25.3,31.9-35c2.3-3.9,2.3-11.4,0-15.2 c-5.6-9.7-16.6-23.5-31.9-35c-14-10.4-32.2-19.4-53.6-21l-30.3-22.8c-4.2-3.1-11.1-4-15.6-1.3c-4.5,2.7-6.6,7.9-5.5,13.1l3.8,19.6 c-7.6,3.6-9.6,5.7-15.7,10.2c-6,4.5-11.3,9.3-15.9,14.2l-36.4-21C311.4,237.8,303.1,238.6,299.2,242.5L299.2,242.5z M455.9,303.7 c6.4,0,11.5-5.1,11.5-11.5s-5.1-11.5-11.5-11.5s-11.5,5.1-11.5,11.5S449.5,303.7,455.9,303.7z"></path> </g> <g id="Layer_5_00000000913606561306529150000018159019400045030831_" class="st1"> <path d="M230.8,74.2c10,4.6,19.1,10.3,27.2,16.4c8,6.1,18.2,14.6,24.5,21.2c6,6.2,15.5,7.6,23,3.2l54.4-31.8l-24.8,44.9 c-3.3,5.8-3.3,12.9,0,18.6l23.8,44.9l-54.4-31.7c-7.5-4.4-17-3-23,3.2c-6.2,6.5-15.5,15.1-23.5,21.2c-8.1,6.1-17.3,11.8-27.2,16.4 c-7.9,3.6-12.2,12.2-10.5,20.7l5.7,28.4l-45.4-34.1c-2.9-2.2-6.3-3.5-9.9-3.7c-27.6-1.9-51.5-13.6-70.4-27.7 c-20.8-15.6-35.6-34.4-42.8-46.8c7.2-12.5,22-31.2,42.8-46.8c18.9-14.2,42.8-25.7,70.4-27.7c3.6-0.3,7-1.6,9.9-3.7L226,25.1 l-5.7,28.5C218.6,62,223,70.6,230.8,74.2L230.8,74.2z M377.6,65.7c-6.2-6.2-15.8-7.4-23.4-2.9l-56.5,32.9 c-7.1-7.5-15.5-15.1-24.7-22c-9.4-7.1-20-13.7-31.9-19.2l5.9-29.5c1.6-8-1.8-16.1-8.7-20.3c-6.8-4.3-15.6-3.9-22,0.9L169,40.9 c-33.3,2.5-61.6,16.4-83.4,32.7C61.8,91.5,44.7,112.9,36,128c-3.6,6-3.6,13.5,0,19.5c8.7,15.1,25.7,36.6,49.6,54.4 c21.7,16.3,50,30.3,83.4,32.7l47.2,35.4c6.5,4.9,15.2,5.2,22,0.9c6.8-4.3,10.2-12.4,8.7-20.3l-5.9-29.5 c11.8-5.5,22.4-12.1,31.9-19.2c9.3-7,17.5-14.5,24.7-22l56.6,33c7.7,4.4,17.2,3.2,23.5-3s7.7-15.8,3.2-23.4L353,137.8l27.8-48.7 C385.2,81.4,383.9,71.9,377.6,65.7L377.6,65.7z M145.2,137.8c0-8.1-6.5-14.6-14.6-14.6c-8.1,0-14.6,6.5-14.6,14.6 s6.6,14.6,14.6,14.6C138.7,152.4,145.2,145.9,145.2,137.8z"></path> <path d="M128.4,356.1c6.4-2.9,9.9-9.9,8.6-16.8l-4.6-23.1l36.9,27.7c2.3,1.8,5.1,2.8,8,3c22.4,1.6,41.8,11.1,57.2,22.6 c16.8,12.6,28.9,27.8,34.8,38c-5.9,10.1-17.9,25.3-34.8,38c-15.3,11.5-34.7,21-57.2,22.6c-2.8,0.2-5.7,1.3-8,3l-36.9,27.7 l4.6-23.1c1.4-6.9-2.1-13.8-8.5-16.8c-8.2-3.8-15.6-8.3-22.2-13.3c-6.6-4.9-12.5-10.2-17.5-15.6c-4.8-5.1-12.5-6.1-18.6-2.6 l-44.3,25.8l21.7-38.1c2.7-4.6,2.7-10.4,0-15.1l-21.8-38.2L70,387.6c6,3.6,13.8,2.5,18.6-2.6c5.2-5.3,11-10.6,17.5-15.6 C112.8,364.4,120.3,359.8,128.4,356.1L128.4,356.1z M9.7,344.5c-4.9,5-7.8,15.4-4.1,21.6l22.6,43.1L5.6,448.7 c-3.6,6.2-2.5,14,2.6,19.1c5.2,5,14.7,7.7,20.9,4.1l46.1-26.8c5.8,6.1,12.5,12.3,20.1,18c7.6,5.8,12.8,9.4,22.4,13.8l-3.1,24.1 c-1.3,6.4,1.5,13.1,7,16.5s12.6,3.2,21.4-0.8l38.3-28.8c23.7-2,46.8-13.3,64.4-26.6c19.3-14.5,33.2-32,40.3-44.3 c2.8-4.9,2.8-14.4,0-19.3c-7-12.3-21-29.7-40.3-44.3c-17.7-13.2-40.6-24.6-67.8-26.6l-38.5-28.8c-5.2-4-14.1-5.1-19.7-1.6 s-8.3,10.1-7,16.5l4.8,24.9c-9.5,4.5-12.2,7.2-19.9,13c-7.6,5.7-14.4,11.9-20.1,18l-46.1-26.8C25.3,338.5,14.8,339.4,9.7,344.5 L9.7,344.5z M208.3,418.9c6.4,0,11.4-5.1,11.4-11.4c0-6.4-5.2-11.4-11.4-11.4c-6.4,0-11.4,5.2-11.4,11.4 C196.9,413.8,202.1,418.8,208.3,418.9z"></path> <path d="M387.9,267.3l-3.5-17.6l24.8,21.1c1.8,1.3,3.9,2.2,6.1,2.3c17.1,1.2,31.8,8.4,43.6,17.2c12.9,9.6,24,23.2,28.5,31 c-4.5,7.8-15.7,17.4-28.5,27c-11.7,8.8-26.5,16-43.6,17.2c-2.2,0.1-4.4,1-6.1,2.3l-23.7,20l2.4-16.5c1.1-5.3-1.6-10.5-6.5-12.8 c-6.2-2.8-15.1-6.3-20.1-10.2c-5-3.7-12.9-10.3-16.8-14.3c-5.2-5.2-14.6,0.3-19.2,3L299,352.7l15.4-23.4c2.1-3.5,2.1-13.2,0-16.7 l-13.6-26.8l31.7,21.7c4.6,2.7,7.5,5.9,11.2,2c3.8-4,13.5-16.5,18.5-20.3c5-3.8,12.9-6.2,19-9.1 C386.3,277.8,389,272.6,387.9,267.3z M285.3,270.3c-4,4-6.3,12.2-3.4,17.1l17.9,33.9l-17.9,31.3c-2.8,4.9-2,11.1,2.1,15 c4.1,4,11.6,6.2,16.5,3.2l36.3-21.2c4.6,4.8,9.9,9.7,15.9,14.2c6.1,4.5,10.1,7.4,17.8,11l-2.4,19c-1,5.1,1.3,10.2,5.5,12.9 c4.4,2.7,10,2.5,14.2-0.6l30.3-22.8c21.4-1.6,39.6-10.5,53.6-21c15.4-11.5,26.2-25.3,31.9-35c2.3-3.9,2.3-11.4,0-15.2 c-5.6-9.7-16.6-23.5-31.9-35c-14-10.4-32.2-19.4-53.6-21l-30.3-22.8c-4.2-3.1-11.1-4-15.6-1.3c-4.5,2.7-6.6,7.9-5.5,13.1l3.8,19.6 c-7.6,3.6-9.6,5.7-15.7,10.2c-6,4.5-11.3,9.3-15.9,14.2l-36.4-21C297.5,265.6,289.2,266.3,285.3,270.3L285.3,270.3z M442,331.5 c6.4,0,11.5-5.1,11.5-11.5c0-6.4-5.1-11.5-11.5-11.5s-11.5,5.1-11.5,11.5C430.5,326.4,435.7,331.5,442,331.5z"></path> </g> <image style="display:inline;overflow:visible;" width="346" height="54" transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 141.4455 435.6205)"> </image> <path class="st1" d="M404.1,85.5c0,65.5-47.7,119.8-110.3,130.2c1.9,7,3.2,14.2,4.2,21.6c72.7-12.3,128.1-75.5,128.1-151.7 c0-12.2-9.8-22-22-22h-22c-55.7,0-104.5,29.5-131.5,73.9c5.4,5.7,10.4,11.8,15,18.1c22.2-41.6,66-70,116.6-70H404.1z M118.2,129.4 c72.8,0,131.9,59.1,131.9,131.9h-22c-72.8,0-131.9-59.1-131.9-131.9H118.2z M96.2,107.5c-12.2,0-22,9.8-22,22 c0,85,68.9,153.9,153.9,153.9h22v120.9c0,6,4.9,11,11,11c6,0,11-4.9,11-11V283.4v-11v-11c0-85-68.9-153.9-153.9-153.9H96.2z"></path> </g> <g id="Layer_2"> <path class="st0" d="M173.7,165.7c12.1,8.2,27.3,15.5,42.7,15.5s30.5-7.3,42.7-15.5c7.2-4.9,13.2-10.3,19-16.1 c4.8-4.8,12.6-4.8,17.4,0c5.8,5.8,11.9,11.1,19.1,16.1c12.1,8.2,27.3,15.5,42.7,15.5s30.5-7.3,42.7-15.5c7.2-4.9,13.2-10.3,19-16.1 c4.8-4.8,12.6-4.8,17.4,0c5.8,5.8,11.9,11.1,19.1,16.1c9.4,6.4,20.6,12.2,32.3,14.5c5.6,1.1,10.3,5.7,10.3,11.5 c0,7.2-5.9,13.1-13,11.9c-16.9-2.9-32-11-42.9-18.5c-5.8-4-10.8-7.9-14.5-11.2c-3.7,3.3-8.7,7.3-14.5,11.2 c-13.7,9.2-33.7,19.6-55.9,19.6c-22.2,0-42.2-10.3-55.9-19.6c-5.8-4-10.8-7.9-14.5-11.2c-3.7,3.3-8.7,7.3-14.5,11.2 c-13.7,9.3-33.7,19.6-55.9,19.6s-42.2-10.3-55.9-19.6c-5.8-4-10.7-7.9-14.5-11.2c-3.7,3.3-8.7,7.3-14.5,11.2 c-10.9,7.5-26,15.5-42.9,18.5c-7.1,1.2-13-4.7-13-11.9c0-5.8,4.7-10.3,10.3-11.5c11.7-2.3,22.9-8.1,32.3-14.5 c7.2-4.9,13.2-10.3,19-16.1c4.8-4.8,12.6-4.8,17.4,0C160.4,155.3,166.5,160.7,173.7,165.7L173.7,165.7z M173.7,376.8 c12.1,8.2,27.3,15.5,42.7,15.5s30.5-7.3,42.7-15.5c7.2-4.9,13.2-10.3,19-16.1c4.8-4.8,12.6-4.8,17.4,0c5.8,5.8,11.9,11.1,19.1,16.1 c12.1,8.2,27.3,15.5,42.7,15.5s30.5-7.3,42.7-15.5c7.2-4.9,13.2-10.3,19-16.1c4.8-4.8,12.6-4.8,17.4,0c5.8,5.8,11.9,11.1,19.1,16.1 c9.4,6.4,20.6,12.2,32.3,14.5c5.6,1.1,10.3,5.7,10.3,11.5c0,7.2-5.9,13.1-13,11.9c-16.9-2.9-32-11-42.9-18.5 c-5.8-4-10.8-7.9-14.5-11.2c-3.7,3.3-8.7,7.3-14.5,11.2c-13.7,9.2-33.7,19.6-55.9,19.6c-22.2,0-42.2-10.3-55.9-19.6 c-5.8-4-10.8-7.9-14.5-11.2c-3.7,3.3-8.7,7.3-14.5,11.2c-13.7,9.3-33.7,19.6-55.9,19.6s-42.2-10.3-55.9-19.6 c-5.8-4-10.7-7.9-14.5-11.2c-3.7,3.3-8.7,7.3-14.5,11.2c-10.9,7.5-26,15.5-42.9,18.5c-7.1,1.2-13-4.7-13-11.9 c0-5.8,4.7-10.3,10.3-11.5c11.7-2.3,22.9-8.1,32.3-14.5c7.2-4.9,13.2-10.3,19-16.1c4.8-4.8,12.6-4.8,17.4,0 C160.4,366.5,166.5,371.8,173.7,376.8L173.7,376.8z M216.4,286.8c15.3,0,30.5-7.3,42.7-15.5c7.2-4.9,13.2-10.3,19-16.1 c4.8-4.8,12.6-4.8,17.4,0c5.8,5.8,11.9,11.1,19.1,16.1c12.1,8.2,27.3,15.5,42.7,15.5s30.5-7.3,42.7-15.5c7.2-4.9,13.2-10.3,19-16.1 c4.8-4.8,12.6-4.8,17.4,0c5.8,5.8,11.9,11.1,19.1,16.1c9.4,6.4,20.6,12.2,32.3,14.5c5.6,1.1,10.3,5.7,10.3,11.5 c0,7.2-5.9,13.1-13,11.9c-16.9-2.9-32-11-42.9-18.5c-5.8-4-10.8-7.9-14.5-11.2c-3.7,3.3-8.7,7.3-14.5,11.2 c-13.7,9.2-33.7,19.6-55.9,19.6c-22.2,0-42.2-10.3-55.9-19.6c-5.8-4-10.8-7.9-14.5-11.2c-3.7,3.3-8.7,7.3-14.5,11.2 c-13.7,9.3-33.7,19.6-55.9,19.6s-42.2-10.3-55.9-19.6c-5.8-4-10.7-7.9-14.5-11.2c-3.7,3.3-8.7,7.3-14.5,11.2 c-10.9,7.5-26,15.5-42.9,18.5c-7.1,1.2-13-4.7-13-11.9c0-5.8,4.7-10.3,10.3-11.5c11.7-2.3,22.9-8.1,32.3-14.5 c7.2-4.9,13.2-10.3,19-16.1c4.8-4.8,12.6-4.8,17.4,0c5.8,5.8,11.9,11.1,19,16.1C185.8,279.4,201.1,286.8,216.4,286.8z"></path> <path d="M487.6,494.6c-11.7-2.3-22.9-8.1-32.3-14.5c-7.2-4.9-13.3-10.3-19.1-16.1c-4.8-4.8-12.5-4.8-17.4,0 c-5.8,5.8-11.8,11.1-19,16.1c-12.2,8.3-27.3,15.5-42.7,15.5c-15.3,0-30.6-7.3-42.7-15.5c-7.2-4.9-13.3-10.3-19.1-16.1 c-4.8-4.8-12.5-4.8-17.4,0c-5.8,5.8-11.8,11.1-19,16.1c-12.2,8.3-27.3,15.5-42.7,15.5c-15.3,0-30.6-7.3-42.7-15.5l-0.1-0.1 c-7.1-4.9-13.2-10.3-19-16.1c-4.8-4.8-12.6-4.8-17.4,0c-5.8,5.8-11.8,11.1-19,16.1c-9.3,6.4-20.6,12.2-32.3,14.5 c-5.6,1.2-10.3,5.7-10.3,11.5c0,7.2,5.9,13.1,13,11.9c16.9-2.9,32-11,42.9-18.5c5.9-4,10.8-7.9,14.5-11.2 c3.8,3.3,8.7,7.3,14.5,11.2c13.6,9.3,33.7,19.6,55.9,19.6c22.2,0,42.2-10.3,55.9-19.6c5.9-4,10.8-7.9,14.5-11.2 c3.7,3.3,8.7,7.3,14.5,11.2c13.6,9.3,33.7,19.6,55.9,19.6c22.2,0,42.2-10.3,55.9-19.6c5.9-4,10.8-7.9,14.5-11.2 c3.7,3.3,8.7,7.3,14.5,11.2c10.9,7.5,26,15.5,42.9,18.5c7.1,1.2,13-4.7,13-11.9C497.9,500.3,493.2,495.7,487.6,494.6z"></path> <path d="M487.6,398.3c-11.7-2.3-22.9-8.1-32.3-14.5c-7.2-4.9-13.3-10.3-19.1-16.1c-4.8-4.8-12.5-4.8-17.4,0 c-5.8,5.8-11.8,11.1-19,16.1c-12.2,8.3-27.3,15.5-42.7,15.5c-15.3,0-30.6-7.3-42.7-15.5c-7.2-4.9-13.3-10.3-19.1-16.1 c-4.8-4.8-12.5-4.8-17.4,0c-5.8,5.8-11.8,11.1-19,16.1c-12.2,8.3-27.3,15.5-42.7,15.5c-15.3,0-30.6-7.3-42.7-15.5l-0.1-0.1 c-7.1-4.9-13.2-10.3-19-16.1c-4.8-4.8-12.6-4.8-17.4,0c-5.8,5.8-11.8,11.1-19,16.1c-9.3,6.4-20.6,12.2-32.3,14.5 c-5.6,1.2-10.3,5.7-10.3,11.5c0,7.2,5.9,13.1,13,11.9c16.9-2.9,32-11,42.9-18.5c5.9-4,10.8-7.9,14.5-11.2 c3.8,3.3,8.7,7.3,14.5,11.2c13.6,9.3,33.7,19.6,55.9,19.6c22.2,0,42.2-10.3,55.9-19.6c5.9-4,10.8-7.9,14.5-11.2 c3.7,3.3,8.7,7.3,14.5,11.2c13.6,9.3,33.7,19.6,55.9,19.6c22.2,0,42.2-10.3,55.9-19.6c5.9-4,10.8-7.9,14.5-11.2 c3.7,3.3,8.7,7.3,14.5,11.2c10.9,7.5,26,15.5,42.9,18.5c7.1,1.2,13-4.7,13-11.9C497.9,404,493.2,399.4,487.6,398.3z"></path> <path d="M487.6,292c-11.7-2.3-22.9-8.1-32.3-14.5c-7.2-4.9-13.3-10.3-19.1-16.1c-4.8-4.8-12.5-4.8-17.4,0 c-5.8,5.8-11.8,11.1-19,16.1c-8.7,5.9-19,11.3-29.8,13.9c-6,8.8-12.8,17.1-20.2,24.7c2.4,0.2,4.8,0.4,7.3,0.4 c22.2,0,42.2-10.3,55.9-19.6c5.9-4,10.8-7.9,14.5-11.2c3.7,3.3,8.7,7.3,14.5,11.2c10.9,7.5,26,15.5,42.9,18.5 c7.1,1.2,13-4.7,13-11.9C497.9,297.8,493.2,293.1,487.6,292z"></path> <path d="M205.8,27.4c83.9,0,152,68,152,152s-68,152-152,152s-152-68-152-152S121.9,27.4,205.8,27.4z M204.8,359 c98.7,0,178.6-80,178.6-178.6S303.5,1.7,204.8,1.7S26.2,81.6,26.2,180.3S106.1,359,204.8,359z M211.5,124.2c-3.5-0.9-7.2,0-10,2.3 l-17.6,15c-1.3,1.1-3.1,1.5-4.7,1.2l-0.2-0.1l-2.8-3.7c-7.2-9.5-18.4-15.1-30.3-15.1c-11.9,0-23.1,5.6-30.3,15.1l-3.7,4.9 l-24.6,11.7c-20,9.5-28.1,33.8-17.8,53.5l2.3,4.3c8.8,16.7,28.3,24.8,46.4,19.1l14.2-4.5l32,11.1l18.8,12.1 c6.7,4.3,14.6,6.6,22.5,6.6c12.8,0,24.9-5.9,32.8-16L247,231c5.6-7.1,8.7-16,8.7-25.1c0-9.1-3.1-17.9-8.7-25.1l-12.6-16 c-2.7-3.4-4.8-7.2-6.4-11.2l-8.9-22.8C217.7,127.5,214.9,125,211.5,124.2L211.5,124.2z M145.9,146.1c4.9,0,9.5,2.3,12.4,6.2 l2.8,3.7c3.3,4.3,8,7.4,13.4,8.4l0.2,0.1c8.4,1.7,17.2-0.6,23.7-6.1l5.7-4.8l3.2,8.2c2.4,6.1,5.6,11.7,9.6,16.9l12.5,16 c2.5,3.2,3.9,7.2,3.9,11.2c0,4-1.4,8-3.9,11.2L221,228c-3.6,4.7-9.3,7.4-15.2,7.4c-3.7,0-7.3-1-10.5-3.1l-20-12.9 c-0.8-0.5-1.5-0.9-2.4-1.2L136,205.5c-2.3-0.8-4.7-0.8-7-0.1l-17.7,5.7c-7.7,2.4-16.1-1-19.9-8.2l-2.3-4.3 c-4.4-8.4-1-18.8,7.6-22.9l24.6-11.7c3.3-1.5,6.1-3.8,8.2-6.8l3.7-4.9c2.9-3.9,7.5-6.2,12.4-6.2L145.9,146.1z M217.7,66.2 c-8.7-10-22.4-14.1-35-10.3l-30.1,9c-13.8,4.1-16.3,22.6-4,30.2l27.5,17.2c6.6,4,14.2,5.8,21.9,4.8l26.4-3.3 c13.3-1.7,19.3-17.4,10.6-27.5L217.7,66.2L217.7,66.2z M189.1,77.3c4.3-1.3,8.8,0.1,11.7,3.4L211.3,93l-16.2,2 c-2.5,0.3-5.1-0.3-7.3-1.6l-17-10.6L189.1,77.3L189.1,77.3z M194.2,280.1c0,6.1,5,11.2,11.2,11.2h11.2c6.1,0,11.2-5,11.2-11.2 s-5-11.2-11.2-11.2h-11.2C199.3,269,194.2,274,194.2,280.1z M322.1,192.8c-2-5.9-8.3-9-14.1-7s-9,8.3-7,14.1l5.6,16.7 c2,5.9,8.3,9,14.1,7c5.8-2,9-8.3,7-14.1L322.1,192.8z M308.2,248.9c4.3-4.3,4.3-11.4,0-15.8c-4.3-4.3-11.4-4.3-15.8,0l-22.3,22.3 c-4.3,4.3-4.3,11.4,0,15.8c4.3,4.3,11.4,4.3,15.8,0L308.2,248.9z"></path> <path class="st0" d="M349,177.5c0-79.1-64.1-143.2-143.2-143.2S62.6,98.4,62.6,177.5s64.1,143.2,143.2,143.2S349,256.6,349,177.5z M29.6,177.5c0-97.3,78.9-176.2,176.2-176.2S382,80.2,382,177.5s-78.9,176.2-176.2,176.2S29.6,274.8,29.6,177.5z M173.2,247.2 l-26.8-9.3c-4.5-1.5-9.4-1.6-13.8-0.2l-10.5,3.4c-12.7,4.1-26.5-1.7-32.7-13.4l-2.3-4.3c-7.3-13.8-1.6-31,12.5-37.7l24.3-11.6 c1.6-0.8,3-1.9,4.1-3.3l3.6-4.8c5-6.6,12.8-10.5,21.1-10.5s16.1,3.9,21.1,10.5l3.2,4.2c1.4,1.8,3.4,3.1,5.6,3.5 c5.4,1.1,10.8-1,14-5.4l7.2-9.8c1.4-1.9,3.6-3,6-3c3,0,5.8,1.9,6.9,4.7l7,17.8c1.9,5,4.6,9.6,7.9,13.9l12.3,15.7 c4,5.1,6.2,11.4,6.2,17.9s-2.2,12.8-6.2,17.9l-8.3,10.6c-5.7,7.3-14.5,11.6-23.7,11.6c-5.8,0-11.4-1.7-16.3-4.8l-17.5-11.3 C176.4,248.5,174.8,247.8,173.2,247.2L173.2,247.2z M218.1,99.4l15.3,15.3c7,7,2,18.8-7.8,18.8H205c-3.9,0-7.6-0.8-11.2-2.3 L164.4,118c-9.8-4.3-8.2-18.8,2.3-20.9l26.5-5.3C202.2,90.1,211.6,92.9,218.1,99.4L218.1,99.4z M200.3,287.6c0-6.1,5-11,11-11h11 c6.1,0,11,5,11,11s-5,11-11,11h-11C205.3,298.7,200.3,293.7,200.3,287.6z M320.9,201.5l5.5,16.5c1.9,5.8-1.2,12-7,13.9 c-5.8,1.9-12-1.2-13.9-7l-5.5-16.5c-1.9-5.8,1.2-12,7-13.9C312.8,192.6,319,195.7,320.9,201.5z M307.2,256.9l-22,22 c-4.3,4.3-11.3,4.3-15.6,0c-4.3-4.3-4.3-11.3,0-15.6l22-22c4.3-4.3,11.3-4.3,15.6,0C311.5,245.6,311.5,252.6,307.2,256.9z"></path> </g> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page__title-banner__breadcrumb"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol> <li class="breadcrumb__item breadcrumb__item--mobile-hidden"> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb__item breadcrumb__item--mobile-hidden"> Oceans </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="node node--type-topic-landing node--view-mode-full ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="body-content"> <div class="body-content__main"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="wp-block-drupalmedia-drupal-media-entity"><div class="media media--type-remote-video media--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OatXX6pdIGg" class="field-group-link venobox venobox-video"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-oembed-video field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><iframe src="https://niwa.co.nz/media/oembed?url=https%3A//www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3DOatXX6pdIGg&max_width=0&max_height=0&hash=xeR7DR-BKFHxR_gQswcAdG-hmyXTxh4av54bD2mRKVA" width="200" height="113" class="media-oembed-content" loading="eager" title="Secrets of New Zealand's unexplored Bounty Trough"></iframe> </div> </a> <div class="video-embed-block__details"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldmedia-play-video field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="video-embed-block__play-button"><a class="venobox" data-vbtype="video" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OatXX6pdIGg"><span class="visually-hidden">Play video</span></a></div></div> <div class="field field--name-name field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Secrets of New Zealand's unexplored Bounty Trough</div> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldmedia-watch-video field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><a class="venobox" data-vbtype="video" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OatXX6pdIGg">Watch Video</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-columns"> <div class="wp-block-column"><div class="wp-block-niwa-feature-card"> <a class="gb-fc__link" href=/oceans?pt=10#filters> <div class="gb-fc__col-img"> </div> </a> <div class="gb-fc__col-txt"> <a class="gb-fc__link" href=/oceans?pt=10#filters> <h3 class="gb-fc__title">Research</h3> <p class="gb-fc__meta"> </p> <p class="gb-fc__description"> Explore </p> </a> </div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-column"><div class="wp-block-niwa-feature-card"> <a class="gb-fc__link" href=/oceans?pt=13#filters> <div class="gb-fc__col-img"> </div> </a> <div class="gb-fc__col-txt"> <a class="gb-fc__link" href=/oceans?pt=13#filters> <h3 class="gb-fc__title">Services</h3> <p class="gb-fc__meta"> </p> <p class="gb-fc__description"> Explore </p> </a> </div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-column"><div class="wp-block-niwa-feature-card"> <a class="gb-fc__link" href=/node/114408> <div class="gb-fc__col-img"> </div> </a> <div class="gb-fc__col-txt"> <a class="gb-fc__link" href=/node/114408> <h3 class="gb-fc__title">Contacts</h3> <p class="gb-fc__meta"> </p> <p class="gb-fc__description"> Get in touch </p> </a> </div> </div></div> </div> <p id="filters"> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-block-fieldnode-topic-content-filters field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"> <form class="views-exposed-form bef-exposed-form" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-topic-content-block-1" action="/oceans" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-topic-content-block-1" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-select form-item-subtree-topic js-form-item-subtree-topic form-disabled"> <label for="edit-subtree-topic">Topic</label> <select data-drupal-selector="edit-subtree-topic" disabled="disabled" id="edit-subtree-topic" name="subtree[topic]" class="form-select"><option value="214">Oceans</option></select> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-select form-item-subtree-subtopic js-form-item-subtree-subtopic"> <label for="edit-subtree-subtopic">Subtopic</label> <select data-drupal-selector="edit-subtree-subtopic" id="edit-subtree-subtopic" name="subtree[subtopic]" class="form-select"><option value="" selected="selected">- Any -</option><option value="141">Bathymetry</option><option value="215">Benthic habitats</option><option value="6160">Coral</option><option value="197">Hydrothermic vents</option><option value="6158">Marine flora</option><option value="6157">Marine invertebrates</option><option value="244">Marine mammals</option><option value="98">Marine protected areas</option><option value="211">Ocean acidification</option><option value="221">Ocean flows and productivity</option><option value="212">Ocean modelling</option><option value="241">Plankton</option><option value="219">Sea mounts</option><option value="220">Seabed mapping</option><option value="6159">Seabirds</option><option value="6156">Sharks</option></select> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-select form-item-pt js-form-item-pt"> <label for="edit-pt">Page type</label> <select data-drupal-selector="edit-pt" id="edit-pt" name="pt" class="form-select"><option value="All" selected="selected">- Any -</option><option value="1">Blog</option><option value="2">Voyage</option><option value="5">Education resource</option><option value="6">Facility</option><option value="8">Media content</option><option value="9">Publication series</option><option value="10">Research project</option><option value="11">General</option><option value="12">News</option><option value="13">Tools and services</option></select> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-select form-item-sort-by js-form-item-sort-by"> <label for="edit-sort-by">Sort by</label> <select data-drupal-selector="edit-sort-by" id="edit-sort-by" name="sort_by" class="form-select"><option value="recent" selected="selected">Most recent</option><option value="oldest">Least recent</option><option value="a-z">Alphabetical A–Z</option><option value="z-a">Alphabetical Z–A</option><option value="popular">Popularity</option></select> </div> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-topic-content" type="submit" id="edit-submit-topic-content" value="Apply filters" class="button js-form-submit form-submit" /> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-reset-topic-content" type="submit" id="edit-reset-topic-content" name="reset" value="Reset" class="button js-form-submit form-submit" /> </div> </form> </div> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-block-fieldnode-topic-content field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="card-grid topic-landing-page-view js-view-dom-id-90d6dd64dab935038930ac4b10553141d4dca2d02411415d0e95ad552eef420c"> <div class="card-grid__wrapper"> <ul class="card-grid__list"> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/vessels/voyages/ross-sea-voyage-2025">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/inline-images/grab_sample_25_01_2025_gert_0.jpg?h=4521fff0&itok=AhEiqOYM" width="710" height="473" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Ross Sea “ACTUATE” Voyage - TAN2502 </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">RV Tangaroa voyage to the Ross Sea, the ship’s 16th voyage to Antarctica and Southern Ocean.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/antarctica" hreflang="en">Antarctica</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans" hreflang="en">Oceans</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/voyages/ocean-census-bounty-trough-research-voyage">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2024-03/Collection-6x4.jpg?h=4362216e&itok=iEqOOUA3" width="710" height="473" alt="Bounty trough-comp-image" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Ocean Census – Bounty Trough research voyage - TAN2402 </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Voyage</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">A team of scientists spent 21 days investigating the unexplored Bounty Trough</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans" hreflang="en">Oceans</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans/marine-invertebrates" hreflang="en">Marine invertebrates</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/voyages" hreflang="en">Voyages</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/voyages/cyclone-impacts-fisheries-and-seabed-ecosystems-kah-2303-2306">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/inline-images/KAHAROA_NAPIER_parsonskingDSC00223-small_0.jpg?h=21ed2944&itok=wFwp5UtN" width="710" height="473" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Cyclone impacts on fisheries and seabed ecosystems - KAH 2303 & 2306 </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Voyage</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Kaharoa Voyages KAH 2303 & 2306</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fisheries" hreflang="en">Fisheries</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/coastal-hazards" hreflang="en">Coastal hazards</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans" hreflang="en">Oceans</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/oceans/marine-heatwaves">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/images/teasers/Marine-Heatwave.png?h=2c20453f&itok=qTJr2fBr" width="710" height="473" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Marine heatwaves </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Research Project</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Temperatures around Aotearoa New Zealand are increasing, and not just on land. Amid a changing climate, significant marine heatwaves have impacted Aotearoa over the past decade and are expected to become more frequent and intense.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts" hreflang="en">Coasts</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans" hreflang="en">Oceans</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/oceans/niwa-invertebrate-collection">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2024-06/RSNZ%20%282%29.jpg?h=e2b6e791&itok=AgfCNQGr" width="710" height="473" alt="RSNZ (2).jpg" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> NIWA Invertebrate Collection </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Software Tool/Resource</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">The NIWA Invertebrate Collection (NIC) holds specimens from almost all invertebrate phyla. This is a result of about half a century of marine taxonomic and biodiversity research in the New Zealand region, the South West Pacific and the Ross Sea, Antarctica.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans/marine-invertebrates" hreflang="en">Marine invertebrates</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/news/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-sea-uncovering-mysteries-deep-ocean">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/images/teasers/2023_04_ARGO_STEVEN_DIGGS_UCSD_DSC_0041.JPG?h=82f92a78&itok=KpNrrMQQ" width="710" height="473" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Twenty thousand leagues under the sea: Uncovering mysteries of the deep ocean </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Media release</div> <div class="field field--name-node-post-date field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item">27 June 2023</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Scientists have returned from a 14-day expedition to one of the most unexplored parts of the ocean.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans" hreflang="en">Oceans</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans/ocean-modelling" hreflang="en">Ocean modelling</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/vessels" hreflang="en">Vessels</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/vessels/niwa-vessels">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2025-03/2024_08_KAHAROA_II_ARRIVAL_HR-McPAKE-07835%20-%20VESSELS%20COVER%20-%20Wide.jpg?h=1a8b723c&itok=bLl79B9Q" width="710" height="473" alt="Kaharoa II wide" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> NIWA Vessels </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">NIWA's vessels are world-class environmental monitoring and research platforms.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts-and-oceans" hreflang="en">Coasts and Oceans</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans" hreflang="en">Oceans</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/vessels" hreflang="en">Vessels</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/vessels/vessel-capability" hreflang="en">Vessel capability</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/hazards/tonga-eruption-and-tsunami-shock-world">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/media-vimeo/766775338.jpg?h=b3d4a7b7&itok=YEaHKEIS" width="710" height="473" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Tonga eruption and tsunami shock the world </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">The Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha'apai volcano generated the biggest atmospheric explosion recorded on Earth in more than 100 years.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/geological-hazards" hreflang="en">Geological hazards</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/geological-hazards/tsunami" hreflang="en">Tsunami</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/geological-hazards/volcanic-eruptions" hreflang="en">Volcanic eruptions</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/voyages/2022-tasman-sea-tsunami">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/images/teasers/IMG_0008.JPG?h=71976bb4&itok=-j7kltWV" width="710" height="473" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Tasman Sea tsunami - TAN2111 </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Voyage</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">You’ll be blown away by what these women in science are doing onboard RV Tangaroa in the Tasman sea!</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards" hreflang="en">Hazards</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/geological-hazards" hreflang="en">Geological hazards</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/geological-hazards/submarine-landslides" hreflang="en">Submarine landslides</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/voyages/2022-chatham-trawl-survey">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/images/teasers/1%20Georgia%20Third_BLAKE%20measuring%20a%20hoki_Andrea%20Mari%20%28002%29_crop.jpg?h=9bb8a528&itok=f8AcpWi8" width="710" height="473" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Chatham Trawl Survey - TAN2201 </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Voyage</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">The NIWA research ship Tangaroa was chartered by the Ministry of Primary Industries to survey the hoki fishery on the Chatham Rise during January 2022.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fisheries" hreflang="en">Fisheries</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fisheries/stock-assessments-and-surveys" hreflang="en">Stock assessments and surveys</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans/marine-invertebrates" hreflang="en">Marine invertebrates</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/oceans/argo-floats">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2025-01/2024_07_ARGO_MCPAKE-06148.jpg?h=d8102449&itok=VYu2P56y" width="710" height="473" alt="Argo float in action" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Argo floats </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Research Project</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Since the early 2000s, NIWA has been part of the international Argo programme, which is deploying floats to measure temperature and salinity throughout the world's oceans.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans" hreflang="en">Oceans</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans/ocean-modelling" hreflang="en">Ocean modelling</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/voyages/2021-kaikoura-canyon">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/media-vimeo/644582119.jpg?h=7a6e80fd&itok=SZtE8SYG" width="710" height="473" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Kaikōura Canyon - TAN2112 </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Voyage</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Kaikōura Canyon reveals its muddy secrets</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/geological-hazards" hreflang="en">Geological hazards</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/geological-hazards/earthquakes" hreflang="en">Earthquakes</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/geological-hazards/submarine-landslides" hreflang="en">Submarine landslides</a></div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <nav class="pager" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="pagination-heading"> <h4 id="pagination-heading" class="visually-hidden">Pagination</h4> <ul class="pager__items js-pager__items"> <li class="pager__item is-active"> <a href="?page=0" title="Current page" aria-current="page"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>1</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=1" title="Go to page 2"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>2</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=2" title="Go to page 3"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>3</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=3" title="Go to page 4"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>4</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=4" title="Go to page 5"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>5</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=5" title="Go to page 6"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>6</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=6" title="Go to page 7"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>7</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=7" title="Go to page 8"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>8</a> </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=8" title="Go to page 9"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>9</a> </li> <li class="pager__item pager__item--ellipsis" role="presentation">…</li> <li class="pager__item pager__item--next"> <a href="?page=1" title="Go to next page" rel="next"> <span class="visually-hidden">Next page</span> <span aria-hidden="true">Next</span> </a> </li> <li class="pager__item pager__item--last"> <a href="?page=44" title="Go to last page"> <span class="visually-hidden">Last page</span> <span aria-hidden="true">Last</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="related-links"><h2 class="related-links__title"><a id="rel">Related links</a></h2> <div class="related-links__buttons"> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans/niwa-biodiversity-memoirs/about">Biodiversity Memoirs</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/aquaculture/research-projects/recent-research-projects">Recent research projects</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate/sea-surface-temperature-update">Sea Surface Temperature Update</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/education-and-training/schools/students/climate-change/oceans">Climate change and the oceans</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/aquaculture/research-projects/publications">Oceans Publications</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/our-people/national-centre-contacts/oceans-key-contacts">Oceans Contacts</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site__main__related"> </div> </main> <footer class="site__footer"> <a href="#main-content" class="site__footer__back-to-top"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512" height="21" width="21"><title>Back to top</title><path fill="#ffffff" d="M6.625 215.5l168-176C179.2 34.7 185.4 32.02 192 32.02s12.84 2.688 17.38 7.438l168 176c9.125 9.594 8.781 24.78-.8125 33.94c-9.5 9.156-24.75 8.812-33.94-.8125L216 115.9V456c0 13.25-10.75 23.1-23.1 23.1S168 469.3 168 456V115.9l-126.6 132.7C32.22 258.2 16.97 258.5 7.438 249.4C-2.156 240.2-2.5 225 6.625 215.5z"/></svg></a> <div class="site__footer__row--top-wrapper"> <div class="site__footer__row--top"> <div class="site__footer__cell--top-left"> <div id="block-contactus"> <h2>Contact us</h2> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>For all NIWA media and website related enquiries please visit the <a href="/contact-us">contact</a> page.</p> </div> </div> <a href="/contact-us" class="site__footer__button button--outline" title="Go to the Contact page"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" id="arrow-right-long" class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" d="M363.3 100.7l144 144C510.4 247.8 512 251.9 512 255.1s-1.562 8.188-4.688 11.31l-144 144c-6.25 6.25-16.38 6.25-22.62 0s-6.25-16.38 0-22.62l116.7-116.7H16c-8.844 0-16-7.156-16-15.1c0-8.844 7.156-16 16-16h441.4l-116.7-116.7c-6.25-6.25-6.25-16.38 0-22.62S357.1 94.44 363.3 100.7z"/></svg> </a> </div> <div class="site__footer__cell--top-center"> <div class="site__footer__brand"><a href="/"> <img class="site__footer__brand__image" src="/themes/signify/niwa/images/niwa-logo-vertical.svg" alt="NIWA - Taihoro Nukurangi"></a> </div> <div class="site__footer__strapline"> <img class="site__footer__strapline__image" src="/themes/signify/niwa/images/niwa-strapline-centered.svg" alt="Climate, Freshwater & Marine Science"> </div> </div> <div class="site__footer__cell--top-right"> <h3 class="site__footer__heading">General enquiries</h3> <p> <a href="tel:0800746464">0800 RING NIWA</a> </p> <p> <a href="tel:0800746464">(0800 746 464)</a> </p> <p> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#76131807031f041f130536181f011758151958180c490503141c1315024b511113181304171a56131807031f040f5610190456011314051f021351"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="680d06191d011a010d1b2806011f09460b07460612">[email protected]</span></a> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site__footer__row--middle-wrapper"> <div class="site__footer__row--middle"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-nationalsciencecentres-menu" id="block-nationalsciencecentres"> <h2 id="block-nationalsciencecentres-menu">National Science Centres</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/aquaculture" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/102">Aquaculture</a> </li> <li> <a href="/atmosphere" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/89">Atmosphere</a> </li> <li> <a href="/climate-and-weather" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/113">Climate and Weather</a> </li> <li> <a href="/coasts" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/6145">Coasts and estuaries</a> </li> <li> <a href="/environmental-information" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/6211">Environmental information</a> </li> <li> <a href="/fisheries" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/161">Fisheries</a> </li> <li> <a href="/freshwater" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/165">Freshwater</a> </li> <li> <a href="/hazards" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/198">Hazards</a> </li> <li> <a href="/oceans" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/214" class="is-active" aria-current="page">Oceans</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pacific-rim">Pacific</a> </li> <li> <a href="/te-kuwaha-and-maori" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/246">Te Kūwaha</a> </li> <li> <a href="/vessels" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/259">Vessels</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-usefullinks-menu" id="block-usefullinks"> <h2 id="block-usefullinks-menu">Useful Links</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/about-niwa/careers-niwa" title="Come work at Niwa!" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/106032">Careers at NIWA</a> </li> <li> <a href="/search" title="Niwa site search." data-drupal-link-system-path="search">Site Search</a> </li> <li> <a href="/staff-search" title="Staff search" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114273">Staff search</a> </li> <li> <a href="/user/login" title="User login" data-drupal-link-system-path="user/login">Staff Login</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="block-niwa-toitulogo"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/organisational-sustainability-charter"><img src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/Toitu_carbonreduce_Organisation_REV.png" data-entity-uuid="689f00d9-c3ee-4377-9c1f-df73dc7cb846" data-entity-type="file" alt="Toitū - Carbon reduction organisation" width="119" height="130" loading="lazy"></a></div> </div> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-socialmenu-menu" id="block-socialmenu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-socialmenu-menu">Social menu</h2> <div class="site__footer__cell--middle-center"> <ul data-region="footer_mid" class="menu__list"> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/nzniwa" title=" Facebook" class="menu__link"> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsocial-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z"></path> </svg> </div> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/niwa_science/" title="Instagram" class="menu__link"> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsocial-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M224.1 141c-63.6 0-114.9 51.3-114.9 114.9s51.3 114.9 114.9 114.9S339 319.5 339 255.9 287.7 141 224.1 141zm0 189.6c-41.1 0-74.7-33.5-74.7-74.7s33.5-74.7 74.7-74.7 74.7 33.5 74.7 74.7-33.6 74.7-74.7 74.7zm146.4-194.3c0 14.9-12 26.8-26.8 26.8-14.9 0-26.8-12-26.8-26.8s12-26.8 26.8-26.8 26.8 12 26.8 26.8zm76.1 27.2c-1.7-35.9-9.9-67.7-36.2-93.9-26.2-26.2-58-34.4-93.9-36.2-37-2.1-147.9-2.1-184.9 0-35.8 1.7-67.6 9.9-93.9 36.1s-34.4 58-36.2 93.9c-2.1 37-2.1 147.9 0 184.9 1.7 35.9 9.9 67.7 36.2 93.9s58 34.4 93.9 36.2c37 2.1 147.9 2.1 184.9 0 35.9-1.7 67.7-9.9 93.9-36.2 26.2-26.2 34.4-58 36.2-93.9 2.1-37 2.1-147.8 0-184.8zM398.8 388c-7.8 19.6-22.9 34.7-42.6 42.6-29.5 11.7-99.5 9-132.1 9s-102.7 2.6-132.1-9c-19.6-7.8-34.7-22.9-42.6-42.6-11.7-29.5-9-99.5-9-132.1s-2.6-102.7 9-132.1c7.8-19.6 22.9-34.7 42.6-42.6 29.5-11.7 99.5-9 132.1-9s102.7-2.6 132.1 9c19.6 7.8 34.7 22.9 42.6 42.6 11.7 29.5 9 99.5 9 132.1s2.7 102.7-9 132.1z"></path> </svg> </div> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://nz.linkedin.com/company/niwa" title="LinkedIn" class="menu__link"> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsocial-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z"></path> </svg> </div> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/niwa_nz" title="X" class="menu__link"> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsocial-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"></path> </svg> </div> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/@NIWA_Science" title="YouTube" class="menu__link"> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsocial-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 576 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M549.7 124.1c-6.3-23.7-24.8-42.3-48.3-48.6C458.8 64 288 64 288 64S117.2 64 74.6 75.5c-23.5 6.3-42 24.9-48.3 48.6-11.4 42.9-11.4 132.3-11.4 132.3s0 89.4 11.4 132.3c6.3 23.7 24.8 41.5 48.3 47.8C117.2 448 288 448 288 448s170.8 0 213.4-11.5c23.5-6.3 42-24.2 48.3-47.8 11.4-42.9 11.4-132.3 11.4-132.3s0-89.4-11.4-132.3zm-317.5 213.5V175.2l142.7 81.2-142.7 81.2z"></path> </svg> </div> </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="site__footer__row--bottom-wrapper"> <div class="site__footer__row--bottom"> <div class="site__footer__cell--bottom-left"> <p>© NIWA All rights reserved</p> </div> <div class="site__footer__cell--bottom-center"> <a href="#" id="shielded-logo"> <img alt="shielded" src="https://shielded.co.nz/img/custom-logo.png" height="60" width="60"></a> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="https://staticcdn.co.nz/embed/embed.js"></script> <script> (function () { window.onload = function(){ var frameName = new ds07o6pcmkorn({ openElementId: "#shielded-logo", modalID: "modal", }); frameName.init(); } })(); </script> </div> <div class="site__footer__cell--bottom-right"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footer-menu" id="block-footer"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-footer-menu">Footer</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="contact">Contact</a> </li> <li> <a href="/privacy-policy">Privacy policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-niwa/terms" title="Terms of Use" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114737">Terms of Use</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="search-throbber"> <video playsinline autoplay muted loop> <source src="/themes/signify/niwa/images/throbber-octopus.webm"> </video> </div> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"taxonomy\/term\/214","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJx9klFyhCAMQC-EciQmQEQqECeBtd6-uDrTXTvdH5D3EgJBi7UiG_xeSdCbKaa-FB2wIENSE5UKGwpl1C_fozzCJzfKHLMK1oBzxD5S0TaRW4ZHxO3glmmTXldWTMnN6JZbgIOUTKW-Qf2bPSHUxtiD2N9U6HnI-50ShYQmw3oTcWLox3-HC-4mlonecKtYLHI4oZw0ZghoLLglMLXS-0ec4eio_l-pBDu1amyLyffIiRo7Skbwede7rjMjfvIbvdqMPoImzBb9-FszxxKJofQzCeSkb-sRfCeqxA30MShptva6upXjuuiHSmt0SnapmLUFQXV0QPRzHOELvt9AJt_SFWMOa-YolfrLXPOlzh_O1A1huXKHkw0n-wG7ZgjN","theme":"niwa","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/oceans":true,"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true},"viewsAjaxHistory":{"renderPageItem":0,"initialExposedInput":{"views_dom_id:90d6dd64dab935038930ac4b10553141d4dca2d02411415d0e95ad552eef420c":null}},"views":{"ajax_path":"\/views\/ajax","ajaxViews":{"views_dom_id:90d6dd64dab935038930ac4b10553141d4dca2d02411415d0e95ad552eef420c":{"view_name":"topic_content","view_display_id":"block_1","view_args":"","view_path":"\/taxonomy\/term\/214","view_base_path":null,"view_dom_id":"90d6dd64dab935038930ac4b10553141d4dca2d02411415d0e95ad552eef420c","pager_element":0}}},"field_group":{"html_element":{"mode":"full","context":"view","settings":{"classes":"page__title-banner__icon-menu","show_empty_fields":false,"id":"","element":"div","show_label":false,"label_element":"h3","label_element_classes":"","attributes":"","effect":"none","speed":"fast"}},"link":{"mode":"default","context":"view","settings":{"classes":"venobox venobox-video","show_empty_fields":false,"id":"","target":"custom_uri","custom_uri":"[media:field_media_oembed_video:value]","target_attribute":"default"}},"link_with_title":{"mode":"taxonomy_term_page_icon","context":"view","settings":{"classes":"icon-menu__button","show_empty_fields":false,"id":"","target":"entity","custom_uri":"","target_attribute":"default"}}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"b7c2afb2d5cc1a4f4240ec65c434169a2fa44beae8633f489f8301474e89fab7"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_BnDcTOx_ozmpI8jK9kzp6qZ_LgHWHybKQAbCDMJ2gO8.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=niwa&include=eJx1jl0SgyAMhC8EciQmYEAqEIeg2NtXijPtiy_5-TabWUe5QkOmhMr95okPL9yzNvESksihgepFHAEba3jBqZfAlcpb3X1I6lunfiAM1opF47kR46xdiNfKymPGAvF-NaiuDWG93XIwOZjg3dSCqPYcya44y0pbsMIbDdZSmQNlZboku7tzDzHileyPhgQetQG7-kJ7vtJQSdDzqWfpA74Aegc"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Oceans | NIWA