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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrat_(ci%C3%A8ncia_dels_materials)" title="Substrat (ciència dels materials) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Substrat (ciència dels materials)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrat_(Materialwissenschaft)" title="Substrat (Materialwissenschaft) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Substrat (Materialwissenschaft)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustrato_(material)" title="Sustrato (material) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sustrato (material)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="زیرلایه (علوم مواد) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیرلایه (علوم مواد)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrat_(chimie)" title="Substrat (chimie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Substrat (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2_(%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D)" title="מצע (מדעי החומרים) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מצע (מדעי החומרים)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substraat_(materiaalkunde)" title="Substraat (materiaalkunde) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Substraat (materiaalkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Подлога (наука о материјалима) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Подлога (наука о материјалима)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="سبسٹریٹ (مادی سائنس) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سبسٹریٹ (مادی سائنس)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2362275#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Base material processing is conducted on</div> <p><b>Substrate</b> is a term used in <a href="/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science">materials science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> to describe the base material on which processing is conducted. Surfaces have different uses, including producing new <a href="/wiki/Thin_film" title="Thin film">film</a> or <a href="/wiki/Layer_(electronics)" title="Layer (electronics)">layers</a> of material and being a base to which another substance is bonded. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Substrate_(materials_science)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science">materials science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>, a substrate refers to a base material on which processing is conducted. This surface could be used to produce new <a href="/wiki/Thin_film" title="Thin film">film</a> or <a href="/wiki/Layer_(electronics)" title="Layer (electronics)">layers</a> of material such as <a href="/wiki/Deposition_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deposition (physics)">deposited</a> <a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">coatings</a>. It could be the base to which paint, adhesives, or <a href="/wiki/Adhesive_tape" title="Adhesive tape">adhesive tape</a> is bonded. </p><p>A typical substrate might be rigid such as <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a>, onto which a coating might be deposited. Flexible substrates are also used.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some substrates are <a href="/wiki/Anisotropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisotropic">anisotropic</a> with surface properties being different depending on the direction: examples include <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a> products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coatings">Coatings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Substrate_(materials_science)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Coatings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></div> <p>With all coating processes, the condition of the surface of the substrate can strongly affect the bond of subsequent layers. This can include cleanliness, smoothness, <a href="/wiki/Surface_energy" title="Surface energy">surface energy</a>, moisture, etc. </p><p>Coating can be by a variety of processes, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adhesive_tape" title="Adhesive tape">adhesive tapes</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating and printing processes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_vapor_deposition" title="Chemical vapor deposition">Chemical vapor deposition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physical_vapor_deposition" title="Physical vapor deposition">physical vapor deposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_coating" title="Conversion coating">Conversion coating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anodizing" title="Anodizing">Anodizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromate_conversion_coating" title="Chromate conversion coating">Chromate conversion coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_electrolytic_oxidation" title="Plasma electrolytic oxidation">Plasma electrolytic oxidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphate_(coating)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphate (coating)">Phosphate coating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">Paint</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enamel_paint" title="Enamel paint">Enamel paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_coating" title="Powder coating">Powder coating</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_coating" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial coating">Industrial coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicate_mineral_paint" title="Silicate mineral paint">Silicate mineral paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_bonded_epoxy_coating" title="Fusion bonded epoxy coating">Fusion bonded epoxy coating</a> (FBE coating)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickling_(metal)" title="Pickling (metal)">Pickled and oiled</a>, a type of plate <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> coating.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plating" title="Plating">Plating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plating" title="Plating">Electroless plating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroplating" title="Electroplating">Electrochemical plating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">Polymer</a> coatings, such as <a href="/wiki/Teflon" class="mw-redirect" title="Teflon">Teflon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputter_deposition" title="Sputter deposition">Sputtered</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_deposition" title="Vacuum deposition">vacuum deposited</a> materials</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">Vitreous enamel</a></li></ul> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Optics" title="Optics">optics</a>, glass may be used as a substrate for an <a href="/wiki/Optical_coating" title="Optical coating">optical coating</a>—either an <a href="/wiki/Antireflection_coating" class="mw-redirect" title="Antireflection coating">antireflection coating</a> to reduce reflection, or a <a href="/wiki/Mirror" title="Mirror">mirror</a> coating to enhance it. Ceramic substrates are also used in the renewable energy sector to produce inverters for <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic_system" title="Photovoltaic system">photovoltaic solar systems</a> and concentrators for <a href="/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics" title="Concentrator photovoltaics">concentrated photovoltaic</a> systems.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A substrate may be also an engineered surface where an unintended or natural process occurs, like in: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fouling" title="Fouling">Fouling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion">Corrosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofouling" title="Biofouling">Biofouling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterogeneous_catalysis" title="Heterogeneous catalysis">Heterogeneous catalysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adsorption" title="Adsorption">Adsorption</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Substrate_(materials_science)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coating_techniques" class="mw-redirect" title="List of coating techniques">List of coating techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_film" title="Thin film">Thin film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetting" title="Wetting">Wetting</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Substrate_(materials_science)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarthel2007" class="citation journal cs1">Barthel, E (2007). "Adhesive contact to a coated elastic substrate". <i>Journal of Physics D</i>. <b>40</b> (4): 1059–1067. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0701180">physics/0701180</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JPhD...40.1059B">2007JPhD...40.1059B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0022-3727%2F40%2F4%2F021">10.1088/0022-3727/40/4/021</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29014063">29014063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physics+D&rft.atitle=Adhesive+contact+to+a+coated+elastic+substrate&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1059-1067&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fphysics%2F0701180&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A29014063%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0022-3727%2F40%2F4%2F021&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007JPhD...40.1059B&rft.aulast=Barthel&rft.aufirst=E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubstrate+%28materials+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGent1986" class="citation cs2">Gent (1986), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA166820.pdf"><i>Pull-off Forces for Adhesive Tapes</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH Contract N00014-85-K-0222,Project NR 092-555, AD-A166820, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210527014043/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA166820.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pull-off+Forces+for+Adhesive+Tapes&rft.pub=OFFICE+OF+NAVAL+RESEARCH+Contract+N00014-85-K-0222%2CProject+NR+092-555%2C+AD-A166820&rft.date=1986&rft.au=Gent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fsti%2Fpdfs%2FADA166820.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubstrate+%28materials+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1986" class="citation cs2">Hughes (1986), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA302382.pdf">"Electrostatic Powder Coating"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Ntis Ad Number:d439308</i>, Research Studies Press Ltd., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210527141104/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA302382.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ntis+Ad+Number%3Ad439308&rft.atitle=Electrostatic+Powder+Coating&rft.date=1986&rft.au=Hughes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fsti%2Fpdfs%2FADA302382.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubstrate+%28materials+science%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.preciseceramic.com/blog/ceramic-materials-used-as-substrates.html">"Ceramic Materials Used as Substrates"</a>. <i>Advanced Ceramic Materials</i>. 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