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<li id="toc-Holy_Roman_Empire_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_Roman_Empire_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Holy Roman Empire territories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_Roman_Empire_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bohemia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bohemia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Bohemia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bohemia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prussia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prussia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Prussia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prussia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_and_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_and_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>England and France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_and_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="بورغراف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بورغراف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burqqraf" title="Burqqraf – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Burqqraf" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84" title="Бургграф – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бургграф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84" title="Бургграф – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бургграф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purkrab%C3%AD" title="Purkrabí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Purkrabí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burggraf" title="Burggraf – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Burggraf" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burggraf" title="Burggraf – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Burggraf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnusekrahv" title="Linnusekrahv – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Linnusekrahv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Βουργράβος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βουργράβος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgrave" title="Burgrave – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Burgrave" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burggrafo" title="Burggrafo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Burggrafo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgrave" title="Burgrave – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Burgrave" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EA%B4%80%EB%B0%B1" title="성관백 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성관백" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%86" title="Բուրգգրաֆ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուրգգրաֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgravo" title="Burgravo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Burgravo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgravio" title="Burgravio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Burgravio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%91" title="פרקלאב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרקלאב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burggrafas" title="Burggrafas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Burggrafas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burggraaf" title="Burggraaf – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Burggraaf" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E4%BC%AF" title="城伯 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="城伯" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borggreve" title="Borggreve – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Borggreve" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgrabia_staro%C5%9Bci%C5%84ski" title="Burgrabia starościński – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Burgrabia starościński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgrave" title="Burgrave – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Burgrave" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2rc%C4%83lab" title="Pârcălab – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pârcălab" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84" title="Бургграф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бургграф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hradn%C3%BD_gr%C3%B3f" title="Hradný gróf – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hradný gróf" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnakreivi" title="Linnakreivi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Linnakreivi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borggreve" title="Borggreve – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Borggreve" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84" title="Бургграф – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бургграф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5" title="城堡伯爵 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="城堡伯爵" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Official title for the ruler of a castle in medieval Europe</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Manesse_318r_Burggraf_von_Regensburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Codex_Manesse_318r_Burggraf_von_Regensburg.jpg/220px-Codex_Manesse_318r_Burggraf_von_Regensburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Codex_Manesse_318r_Burggraf_von_Regensburg.jpg/330px-Codex_Manesse_318r_Burggraf_von_Regensburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Codex_Manesse_318r_Burggraf_von_Regensburg.jpg/440px-Codex_Manesse_318r_Burggraf_von_Regensburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="1467" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Burggraf_von_Regensburg" title="Burggraf von Regensburg">Burgrave of Regensburg</a> presiding over a <a href="/wiki/Trial" title="Trial">trial</a>, early 14th-century illustration in the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Manesse" title="Codex Manesse">Codex Manesse</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchy" title="Category:Monarchy">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal, noble,<br />gentry and chivalric ranks in Europe</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_(Gules_Mitre).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg/110px-Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg/165px-Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg/220px-Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor, Empress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_dowager" title="Empress dowager">dowager</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar, Tsarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser">Kaiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_king" title="Great king">Great king, Great queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_king" title="High king">High king, High queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_consort" class="mw-redirect" title="King consort">consort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_dowager" class="mw-redirect" title="King dowager">dowager</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li>Queen <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">consort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_dowager" title="Queen dowager">dowager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_mother" title="Queen mother">mother</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">Archduke, Archduchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_duke" title="Grand duke">Grand duke, Grand duchess</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Prince</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_consort" title="Prince consort">consort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess" title="Princess">Princess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_consort" title="Princess consort">consort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyar" title="Boyar">Boyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">Duke, Duchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knyaz" title="Knyaz">Knyaz, Knyaginya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heir" class="mw-redirect" title="Heir">Heir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">Heir apparent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">Heir presumptive</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herzog" title="Herzog">Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarl" title="Jarl">Jarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">Prince-elector, Princess-elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrst" title="Fürst">Fürst, Fürstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">Marquess, Marchioness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">Margrave, Margravine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcher_lord" title="Marcher lord">Marcher lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgrave" title="Landgrave">Landgrave</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_palatine" title="Count palatine">Count palatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">Voivode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count, Countess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">Earl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdorman" title="Ealdorman">Ealdorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">Viscount, Viscountess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castellan" title="Castellan">Castellan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Burgrave, Burgravine</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidame" title="Vidame">Vidame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starosta" title="Starosta">Starosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron, Baroness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_paramount" title="Lord paramount">Lord paramount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overlord" title="Overlord">Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenant_in_chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenant in chief">Tenant in chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_lord" title="Territorial lord">Territorial lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liege_lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Liege lord">Liege lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesne_lord" title="Mesne lord">Mesne lord</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lendmann" title="Lendmann">Lendmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobile_(aristocracy)" title="Nobile (aristocracy)">Nobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edler" title="Edler">Edler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primor" title="Primor">Primor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidalgo" title="Fidalgo">Fidalgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">Baronet, Baronetess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vavasour" title="Vavasour">Vavasour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_knight" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial knight">Imperial knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">Knight/Chevalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritter" title="Ritter">Ritter</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knight_bachelor" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight bachelor">Knight bachelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thane_(Scotland)" title="Thane (Scotland)">Thane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druzhina" title="Druzhina">Druzhinnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor" title="Lord of the manor">Lord of the manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vogt" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogt">Vogt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquire" title="Esquire">Esquire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman" title="Gentleman">Gentilhomme, Gente dame</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman" title="Gentleman">Gentleman, Gentlewoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_(class)" title="Franklin (class)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeoman" title="Yeoman">Yeoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_at_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Man at arms">Man at arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelfrei" title="Edelfrei">Edelfrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministerialis" title="Ministerialis">Ministerialis</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial,_royal,_noble_and_chivalric_ranks" title="Template:Imperial, royal, noble and chivalric ranks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Imperial,_royal,_noble_and_chivalric_ranks" title="Template talk:Imperial, royal, noble and chivalric ranks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial,_royal,_noble_and_chivalric_ranks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial, royal, noble and chivalric ranks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Burgrave</b>, also rendered as <b>burggrave</b><sup id="cite_ref-NCDGE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCDGE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TCUDASL_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCUDASL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (from <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Burggraf</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈbʊʁkˌɡʁaːf]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c1\/De-Burggraf.ogg\/De-Burggraf.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Burggraf.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/De-Burggraf.ogg/De-Burggraf.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Burggraf.ogg" title="File:De-Burggraf.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-NCDGE_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCDGE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">burgravius, burggravius, burcgravius, burgicomes, also <a href="/wiki/Prefect#Feudal_times" title="Prefect">praefectus</a></i>), was since the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval period</a> in Europe (mainly Germany) the official <a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">title</a> for the ruler of a <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castle</a>, especially a royal or episcopal castle, and its territory called a <i>Burgraviate</i> or <i>Burgravate</i> (German <i>Burggrafschaft</i> also <i>Burggrafthum</i>, Latin <i>praefectura</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-NCDGE_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCDGE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DDN1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDN1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The burgrave was a "<a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">count</a>" in rank (German <i><a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Graf</a></i>, Latin <i><a href="/wiki/Comes" title="Comes">comes</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-TCUDASL_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCUDASL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> equipped with judicial powers,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DDN1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDN1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the direct authority of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">emperor</a> or <a href="/wiki/King" title="King">king</a>, or of a territorial <a href="/wiki/Imperial_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial state">imperial state</a>—a <a href="/wiki/Prince-bishop" title="Prince-bishop">prince-bishop</a> or <a href="/wiki/Territorial_lord" title="Territorial lord">territorial lord</a>. The responsibilities were administrative, military and jurisdictional. </p><p>A burgrave, who ruled over a substantially large territory, might also have possessed the <a href="/wiki/Right_of_coinage_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Right of coinage in the Holy Roman Empire">regality of coinage</a>, and could mint his own regional coins (see <a href="/wiki/Bracteate#Early_medieval_bracteates" title="Bracteate">silver bracteates</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgrave&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etymologically, the word burgrave is the English and French form of the <a href="/wiki/Early_New_High_German" title="Early New High German">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">noble</a> title <i><b>Burggraf</b></i> (compounded from <i>Burg</i>: <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medieval_fortification" title="Medieval fortification">fortress</a> or equally <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">fortified town</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Graf</a></i>: count<sup id="cite_ref-TCUDASL_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCUDASL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) from <a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German" title="Middle High German">Middle High German</a> <i><b>burcgrâve.</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-KMHDWB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KMHDWB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LAL_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAL-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The feminine form is burgravine, in German <i>Burggräfin</i> (from Middle High German <i>burcgrâvin</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-EB1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KMHDWB_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KMHDWB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DDN2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDN2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the early <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a>, the German <i>Burggraf</i> (burgrave) was the military governor or commander of a castle,<sup id="cite_ref-DDN1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDN1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language" title="Anglo-Norman language">Anglo-Norman French</a> "<a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telain" title="Châtelain">castellain</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> "<a href="/wiki/Castellan" title="Castellan">castellan</a>" (from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">castellanus</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-TCUDASL2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCUDASL2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WNWCD_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WNWCD-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-12th century, King <a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III of Germany</a> created a new quality for the title of burgrave during the <a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">German eastward colonization</a>. They became protectors and administrators of extensive royal territories near major imperial castles, such as <a href="/wiki/Meissen" title="Meissen">Meissen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Altenburg" title="Altenburg">Altenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leisnig" title="Leisnig">Leisnig</a>, and received "judicial lordship" (German: <i>Gerichtsherrschaft</i><sup id="cite_ref-LAL_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAL-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). They also acted as colonizers and created their own dominions. </p><p>Under the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf I of Germany</a>, their dignity was considerably advanced.<sup id="cite_ref-TCUDASL_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCUDASL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before his time, burgraves were ranked only as counts (<i><a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Graf</a></i>), below the princes (<i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrst" title="Fürst">Fürst</a></i>), but during his reign, they began to receive the same esteem as princes.<sup id="cite_ref-TCUDASL_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCUDASL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holy_Roman_Empire_territories">Holy Roman Empire territories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgrave&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Holy Roman Empire territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a>, owing to the distinct conditions of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, the title, borne by feudal nobles having the status of <a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BCrst" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsfürst">Reichsfürst</a> (princes of the Empire), obtained a quasi-royal significance.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like other officials of the <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal state</a>, some burgraves became hereditary rulers. There were four <a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">hereditary</a> burgraviates ranking as <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">principalities</a> within the Holy Roman Empire, plus the burgraviate of <a href="/wiki/Meissen" title="Meissen">Meissen</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp#16th_century" title="Antwerp">The Burgraviate of Antwerp</a> (in present-day Belgium): this was a title inherited from the <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Antwerp" title="Margraviate of Antwerp">Margraviate of Antwerp</a> by the Counts of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Nassau" title="County of Nassau">Nassau</a>, lords of <a href="/wiki/Breda" title="Breda">Breda</a>, who later became the title <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Orange" title="Prince of Orange">Prince of Orange</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="(August 2019)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The most famous holder was <a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">William the Silent</a>, who used his influence over the city to control its local government and use it as a base for the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Revolt">Dutch Revolt</a>. Subsequently in the <a href="/wiki/Low_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Low countries">Low countries</a>, the rank of <i><b>burggraaf</b></i> evolved into the nobility synonymous with <a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">viscount</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Motley1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motley1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title "Viscount of Antwerp" is still claimed by the reigning <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">monarch of the Netherlands</a> as one of its subsidiary titles.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg#History" title="Magdeburg">The Burgraviate of Magdeburg</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedberg,_Hesse#History" title="Friedberg, Hesse">The Burgraviate of Friedberg</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_burgraves_of_Meissen" title="List of the burgraves of Meissen">The Burgraviate of Meissen</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgraviate_of_Nuremberg" title="Burgraviate of Nuremberg">The Burgraviate of Nuremberg</a>: established by King <a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III of Germany</a>, the first burgraves were from the Austrian <i>Count's of <a href="/wiki/Raabs_an_der_Thaya" title="Raabs an der Thaya">Raabs</a></i>, and then passed to the count's surviving son-in-law from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern" title="House of Hohenzollern">House of Hohenzollern</a>, which, since <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, continued to hold it until 1801. It was still included among the subsidiary titles of several German semi-sovereign princes; the king of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, whose ancestors were burgraves of <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> for over 200 years, maintaining the additional style of <i>Burggraf von Nürnberg</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bohemia">Bohemia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgrave&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bohemia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown" title="Lands of the Bohemian Crown">Crown of the Kingdom of Bohemia</a>, the title of burgrave was given by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bohemian_monarchs" title="List of Bohemian monarchs">King of Bohemia</a> to the chief officer, or the regal official whose command is equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">viceroy</a>'s.<sup id="cite_ref-TCUDASL_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCUDASL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 14th century, the burgrave of Prague—the highest-ranking of all burgraves, seated at <a href="/wiki/Prague_castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Prague castle">Prague castle</a>, gradually became the state's highest-ranking official, who also acted as the king's deputy;<sup id="cite_ref-GOBKOH_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GOBKOH-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the office became known as the high or supreme burgrave of the Kingdom of Bohemia (Czech: <i><a href="/wiki/Nejvy%C5%A1%C5%A1%C3%AD_purkrab%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Nejvyšší purkrabí">Nejvyšší purkrabí</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nejvy%C5%A1%C5%A1%C3%AD_purkrab%C3%AD" class="extiw" title="cz:Nejvyšší purkrabí">cz</a>]</span></i>); the appointment was usually for life. After the reforms of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> (reign 1740–1780) and her son <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a> (reign 1780–1790), the title of highest burgrave gradually lost its de facto power. The title of highest burgrave was still granted, however, and its holder remained the first officer of the kingdom. It was abolished in 1848. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgrave&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Crown of the Kingdom of Poland</a>, the burgrave (Polish: <i><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgrabia_(urz%C4%85d)" class="extiw" title="pl:Burgrabia (urząd)">burgrabia</a></i>, earlier also <i>murgrabia</i>) was also of <a href="/wiki/Senate" title="Senate">senatorial</a> rank (i.e. held a seat in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper chamber">upper chamber</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Poland" title="Senate of Poland">Senate of Poland</a>). Ranking first among them was the "Burgrave of <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>" (Polish: <i><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgrabia_krakowski" class="extiw" title="pl:Burgrabia krakowski">Burgrabia krakowski</a></i>) of the former capital of Poland and <a href="/wiki/Wawel_Castle" title="Wawel Castle">Wawel Castle</a>, who was appointed directly by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">King of Poland</a>. The royal office was originally created during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Casimir_III_the_Great" title="Casimir III the Great">Casimir III the Great</a>. At that time, Kraków's burgrave was also <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chief_judge" class="extiw" title="wikt:chief judge">chief judge</a> of the supreme court of <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Magdeburg law">Magdeburg law</a> (Polish: <i><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%85d_wy%C5%BCszy_prawa_niemieckiego" class="extiw" title="pl:Sąd wyższy prawa niemieckiego">Sąd wyższy prawa niemieckiego</a></i>) erected in Kraków in lieu of <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PSOE_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSOE-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The burgrave of Kraków also collected an income from the royal <a href="/wiki/Wieliczka_Salt_Mine" title="Wieliczka Salt Mine">Wieliczka Salt Mine</a>, run by the Royal Salt Mines company <i><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBupy_krakowskie" title="Żupy krakowskie">Żupy krakowskie</a></i> since the 13th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prussia">Prussia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgrave&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prussia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>, the burgrave was one of the four chief officers of a <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a>, delegated by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Prussia">King of Prussia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TCUDASL_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCUDASL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgrave&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Sweden, the burgrave (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">burggreve</i>, earlier spelling <i>burggrefve</i>) was the highest official in the cities of <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a> during periods in the 17th and early 18th centuries. The title was first introduced by the king <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus</a> in the 1621 charter for Gothenburg, though it was not actually used until 1625. The burgrave of Gothenburg was to protect the "highness, reputation and regalia" of the monarch and was appointed by him or her from a group of six candidates proposed by the city board. In Gothenburg, the title ceased to be used in 1683 but was briefly reintroduced by <a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">Charles XII</a> between 1716 and 1719. Now appointed among three candidates, the burgrave was the executive of the city, keeping the city keys and supervising the board. Following the Gothenburg model, the title was introduced in Malmö by <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X Gustav</a> after the city was <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Roskilde" title="Treaty of Roskilde">ceded to Sweden</a> in 1658, but was abolished 19 years later in 1677.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England_and_France">England and France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgrave&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: England and France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Anglo-French parlance, a burgrave was considered analogous to a <a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">viscount</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NCDGE_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCDGE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDEG_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDEG-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgrave&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dohna_Castle" title="Dohna Castle">Dohna Castle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burgmann" title="Burgmann">Burgmann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Castellan" title="Castellan">Castellan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Starosta" title="Starosta">Starosta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vogt" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogt">Vogt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reeve_(England)" title="Reeve (England)">Reeve</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ministerialis" title="Ministerialis">Ministerialis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_burgraves_of_Meissen" title="List of the burgraves of Meissen">List of the burgraves of Meissen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgrave&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NCDGE-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCDGE_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCDGE_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCDGE_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCDGE_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEbers1796" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ebers, Johann (1796). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wW5BAAAAYAAJ"><i>The New and Complete Dictionary of the German and English Languages</i></a> (in German and English). Vol. 1. Leipzig: Breitkopf and Haertel. pp. 502–503.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+and+Complete+Dictionary+of+the+German+and+English+Languages&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pages=502-503&rft.pub=Breitkopf+and+Haertel&rft.date=1796&rft.aulast=Ebers&rft.aufirst=Johann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwW5BAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TCUDASL-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TCUDASL_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCUDASL_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCUDASL_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCUDASL_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCUDASL_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCUDASL_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCUDASL_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbers1819" class="citation book cs1">Ebers, Abraham Rees (1819). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TEM840mSEHcC"><i>The Cyclopædia: Or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature</i></a>. Vol. V. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown etc. Burggrave.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cyclop%C3%A6dia%3A+Or%2C+Universal+Dictionary+of+Arts%2C+Sciences%2C+and+Literature&rft.place=London&rft.pages=Burggrave&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Hurst%2C+Rees%2C+Orme+%26+Brown+etc.&rft.date=1819&rft.aulast=Ebers&rft.aufirst=Abraham+Rees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTEM840mSEHcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>; Definition of <i>burgrave (title)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/85154/burgrave">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DDN1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DDN1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DDN1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DDN1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Duden" title="Duden">Duden</a>; Definition of <i>Burggraf</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Burggraf">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KMHDWB-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KMHDWB_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KMHDWB_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHennig2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hennig, Beate (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ViboBQAAQBAJ"><i>Kleines Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch</i></a> [<i>Small Middle High German Dictionary</i>] (in German). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110328776" title="Special:BookSources/9783110328776"><bdi>9783110328776</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kleines+Mittelhochdeutsches+W%C3%B6rterbuch&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH+%26+Co+KG&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9783110328776&rft.aulast=Hennig&rft.aufirst=Beate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DViboBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAL-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LAL_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAL_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunner1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brunner, Otto (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HE41CgAAQBAJ"><i>Land and Lordship: Structures of Governance in Medieval Austria</i></a> (in German). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812281835" title="Special:BookSources/9780812281835"><bdi>9780812281835</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+and+Lordship%3A+Structures+of+Governance+in+Medieval+Austria&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780812281835&rft.aulast=Brunner&rft.aufirst=Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHE41CgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DDN2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DDN2_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Duden" title="Duden">Duden</a>; Definition of <i>Burggräfin</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Burggraefin">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TCUDASL2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TCUDASL2_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbers1819" class="citation book cs1">Ebers, Abraham Rees (1819). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z83VnfW2MJUC"><i>The Cyclopædia: Or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature</i></a>. Vol. 6. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown etc. CASTELLAIN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cyclop%C3%A6dia%3A+Or%2C+Universal+Dictionary+of+Arts%2C+Sciences%2C+and+Literature&rft.place=London&rft.pages=CASTELLAIN&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Hurst%2C+Rees%2C+Orme+%26+Brown+etc.&rft.date=1819&rft.aulast=Ebers&rft.aufirst=Abraham+Rees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz83VnfW2MJUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WNWCD-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WNWCD_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Webster's New World College Dictionary</i>. London: John Wiley & Sons. 2003. castellan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780764556029" title="Special:BookSources/9780764556029"><bdi>9780764556029</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+New+World+College+Dictionary&rft.place=London&rft.pages=castellan&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780764556029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Burgrave"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Burgrave">"Burgrave" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 820.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Burgrave&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=820&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Motley1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Motley1_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotley1855" class="citation book cs1">Motley, John Lothrop (1855). <i>The Rise of the Dutch Republic, vol. 2</i>. Harper & Brothers. p. 37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Dutch+Republic%2C+vol.+2&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1855&rft.aulast=Motley&rft.aufirst=John+Lothrop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1886" class="citation book cs1">Young, Andrew (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3Kg8AAAAYAAJ&q=%22viscount+of+antwerp%22&pg=PA315"><i>A Short History of the Netherlands (Holland and Belgium)</i></a>. Netherlands: T. F. Unwin. p. 315.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Netherlands+%28Holland+and+Belgium%29&rft.place=Netherlands&rft.pages=315&rft.pub=T.+F.+Unwin&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3Kg8AAAAYAAJ%26q%3D%2522viscount%2Bof%2Bantwerp%2522%26pg%3DPA315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPutnam1895" class="citation book cs1">Putnam, Ruth (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/williamsilentpr00putngoog"><i>William the Silent, Prince of Orange: the moderate man of the sixteenth century : the story of his life as told from his own letters, from those of his friends and enemies and from official documents, Volume 1</i></a>. Putnam. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/williamsilentpr00putngoog/page/n239">211</a>. <q>viscount of antwerp.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+the+Silent%2C+Prince+of+Orange%3A+the+moderate+man+of+the+sixteenth+century+%3A+the+story+of+his+life+as+told+from+his+own+letters%2C+from+those+of+his+friends+and+enemies+and+from+official+documents%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Putnam&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwilliamsilentpr00putngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2002" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Geoffrey (2002). <i>The Dutch Revolt</i>. Penguin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dutch+Revolt&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowen1990" class="citation book cs1">Rowen, Herbert H. (1990). <i>The Princes of Orange: The Stadholders in the Dutch Republic</i>. Cambridge Univ. Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Princes+of+Orange%3A+The+Stadholders+in+the+Dutch+Republic&rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Rowen&rft.aufirst=Herbert+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoninklijkhuis2013" class="citation web cs1">Koninklijkhuis (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621044856/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/globale-paginas/taalrubrieken/english/frequently-asked-questions">"Frequently asked questions re King William-Alexander"</a>. Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst (RVD). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/globale-paginas/taalrubrieken/english/frequently-asked-questions/">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(web)</span> on 2013-06-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-30</span></span>. <q> The King's full official titles are King of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg, Count of Katzenelnbogen, Vianden, Diez, Spiegelberg, Buren, Leerdam and Culemborg, Marquis of Veere and Vlissingen, Baron of Breda, Diest, Beilstein, the town of Grave and the lands of Cuyk, IJsselstein, Cranendonk, Eindhoven and Liesveld, Hereditary Lord and Seigneur of Ameland, Lord of Borculo, Bredevoort, Lichtenvoorde, 't Loo, Geertruidenberg, Klundert, Zevenbergen, Hoge and Lage Zwaluwe, Naaldwijk, Polanen, St Maartensdijk, Soest, Baarn and Ter Eem, Willemstad, Steenbergen, Montfort, St Vith, Bütgenbach and Dasburg, Viscount of Antwerp.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+asked+questions+re+King+William-Alexander&rft.pub=Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst+%28RVD%29&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Koninklijkhuis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koninklijkhuis.nl%2Fglobale-paginas%2Ftaalrubrieken%2Fenglish%2Ffrequently-asked-questions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GOBKOH-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GOBKOH_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeymann1965" class="citation book cs1">Heymann, Frederick Gotthold (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DDLWCgAAQBAJ"><i>George of Bohemia: King of Heretics</i></a>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 451–452, 505–506. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400877584" title="Special:BookSources/9781400877584"><bdi>9781400877584</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+of+Bohemia%3A+King+of+Heretics&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=451-452%2C+505-506&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=9781400877584&rft.aulast=Heymann&rft.aufirst=Frederick+Gotthold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDDLWCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSOE-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PSOE_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToze1770" class="citation book cs1">Toze, M. Eobald (1770). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ISQLAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Present State of Europe: Exhibiting a View of the Natural and Civil History of the Several Countries and Kingdoms ... To which is Prefixed, an Introductory Discourse on the Principles of Polity and Government</i></a>. Vol. 3. London: J. Nourse, Bookseller to His Majesty. p. 295.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Present+State+of+Europe%3A+Exhibiting+a+View+of+the+Natural+and+Civil+History+of+the+Several+Countries+and+Kingdoms+...+To+which+is+Prefixed%2C+an+Introductory+Discourse+on+the+Principles+of+Polity+and+Government&rft.place=London&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=J.+Nourse%2C+Bookseller+to+His+Majesty&rft.date=1770&rft.aulast=Toze&rft.aufirst=M.+Eobald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DISQLAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestrin1905" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Westrin, Theodor (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbd/0335.html">"Burggrefve"</a>. In Meijer, Bernhard; Westrin, Theodor; et al. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (in Swedish). Vol. 4 (Owl ed.). Stockholm. p. 622<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Burggrefve&rft.btitle=Nordisk+familjebok&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pages=622&rft.edition=Owl&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Westrin&rft.aufirst=Theodor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fnfbd%2F0335.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDEG-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CDEG_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbers1794" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ebers, Johann (1794). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oPBIAAAAcAAJ"><i>Vollständiges Wörterbuch der Englischen Sprache für die Deutschen</i></a> [<i>Complete dictionary of the English language for the Germans</i>] (in English and German). Vol. 2. Leipzig: Breitkopf and Haertel. p. 1033.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vollst%C3%A4ndiges+W%C3%B6rterbuch+der+Englischen+Sprache+f%C3%BCr+die+Deutschen&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pages=1033&rft.pub=Breitkopf+and+Haertel&rft.date=1794&rft.aulast=Ebers&rft.aufirst=Johann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoPBIAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q960016#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4147015-1">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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