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José Manuel Peramás | Real Academia de la Historia

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class="col-sm-8"> <div class="highlighted"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"><span>José Manuel Peramás</span> </h1> <article role="article" about="/biografias/20789/jose-manuel-peramas" class="bio full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-biografia"> <div class="field field--name-field-biografia field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field--label sr-only">Biografía</div> <div class="field--item"> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-weight:bold;">Peramás, José Manuel. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Mataró (Barcelona), 7.III.1732 – Faenza (Italia), 23.V.1793. Sacerdote jesuita (SI), humanista, filósofo, misionero.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Ingresó a la Compañía de Jesús (1747) en Aragón. Realizó estudios literarios en Cartagena y en Manresa. Posteriormente se dirigió a Zaragoza, donde comenzó sus estudios de Filosofía, que terminó en la Universidad de Cervera. Fue en ese centro de estudios humanísticos donde recibió noticias sobre la labor evangelizadora emprendida por los misioneros de su Orden, en el Paraguay y de inmediato solicitó (1754) su envío a aquellas misiones.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">En consecuencia, se registró en la Casa de Contratación de Cádiz, cuyo asiento versaba que “José Peramás. Estudiante. Natural de Mataró. De 22 anos. Blanco, poca barba, ojos y pelos negros”, se embarcaba con destino a las Indias, juntamente con otro sacerdote, el padre José Jolís, historiógrafo, quien al llegar a destino, trabajó como misionero en el Chaco. Tres meses después (17 de febrero de 1755) llegó a las playas de Montevideo, de allí pasó a Buenos Aires y luego a Córdoba, en donde se dedicó al estudio de las disciplinas eclesiásticas, y en el transcurso de ese tiempo se le encargó la redacción de las </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Cartas Annuas</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Una vez recibidas las órdenes religiosas (1758 o 1759), fue destinado a las misiones guaraníticas de San Ignacio-Mini. Tres años después se le trasladó nuevamente a Córdoba, en cuya Universidad se entregó a la enseñanza de la Retórica. En ese tiempo escribió y publicó su libro </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Laudationes quin que, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">con el propósito de evocar y enaltecer la memoria del doctor Ignacio Duarte y Quirós, fundador del Colegio de Montserrat de la citada ciudad. Fue allí donde también realizó sus últimos votos (21 de diciembre de 1765).</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Las actividades docentes y evangelizadoras del padre Peramás fueron súbitamente interrumpidas (12 de julio de 1767), en cumplimiento de la “pragmática sanción”. Días después, en lenta carreta cruzaba la pampa argentina junto con otros misioneros expulsos hasta la Ensenada de Barragán, embarcándose a Europa. Después de un largo y accidentado viaje, el padre Peramás se radicó en Faenza, Italia. En ese sitio, donde pasó los últimos días de su vida, escribió </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">De invento novo Orbe, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">poema latino, y </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Biografía de seis sacerdotes paraguayos</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">, referente a la historia y geografía del Paraguay y del Río de la Plata. En el texto, Peramás traza la vida de seis jesuitas que trabajaron en el país: Manuel de Vergara, Manuel Querini, Juan Andreu, Juan Escandón, Vicente Sans y Segismundo Griera. Además de los datos personales, abundan las relaciones de la vida misional. Otro de sus importantes trabajos se titula, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Vida de trece paraguayos</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">, cuyo volumen contiene dos obras distintas, la primera parte denominada </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">La República de Platón y los guaraníes. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Es un estudio comparativo entre la República bosquejada por Platón y el sistema adoptado por los jesuitas en los pueblos guaraníes de las Misiones del Paraguay. En treinta capítulos, su autor expone como el ideal utópico de Platón se convirtió en realidad en el Paraguay en cada uno de los aspectos de la vida ciudadana. La obra concluye con una apología de las misiones y refutación de varios libelos antijesuíticos, sobre todo del </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Reino jesuítico</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">, de Ibáñez. La segunda parte de la obra incluye las biografías de Ignacio Morro, Juan Mesner, Juan Suárez, Ignacio Chomé, Francisco Ruiz de Villegas, Juan Ángel Amilaga, Antonio del Castillo, Esteban Pallozi, Clemente Baigorri, Francisco Urejola, Joaquín Irribaren, Cosme Agullo y Martín Schmidl.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Otro de sus célebres trabajos, escrito en la ciudad de Turín (1768), fue el </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Annus Patiens </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">o </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Diario del Destierro</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">, su versión castellana se titula </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Historia de la Expulsión de los Jesuitas de América en tiempo de Carlos III. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Si bien, la obra reviste la forma epistolar, en ella se relata casi día a día, las vicisitudes de los religiosos de la Compañía de Jesús desde su extrañamiento hasta su llegada a los estados italianos. También, su autor describe las provincias que dejaron, su orografía, su fauna, su flora, sus ríos, obispados, los gobiernos, las diversas comunidades y “algunas cosas curiosas” con relación a sus costumbres. En otro capítulo se hace alusión a las misiones del Chaco. Además de los citados tratados, el padre Peramás escribió una serie de compendios que aún permanecen inéditos. Por su formación humanística, demostró criterio y juicio en sus obras y elegancia en el estilo. Imitó la elocuencia, armónica e insinuante de los clásicos latinos. Como historiador, el padre Peramás presenta datos exactos y los pormenores de los acontecimientos están expuestos con claridad y facilidad de lectura. Tanto sus historias como sus biografías se constituyeron en fuente documental de real valía.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Obras de ~: </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Cartas Annuas</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">, Madrid, 1756-1758; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Laudationes quin que, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Córdoba, 1766; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">De invento novo Orbe, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Faenza, 1777; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Biografía de seis sacerdotes paraguayos, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Faenza, 1791 (Buenos Aires, 1946); </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Vida de trece paraguayos</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">, Faenza, 1793; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Annus Patiens </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">o </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Diario del Destierro</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">, París, 1868; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">La República de Platón y los guaraníes</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">, Buenos Aires, Emecé Editores, 1946; “Historia de la Expulsión de los Jesuitas de América en tiempo de Carlos III”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Revista Eclesiástica del Arzobispado de Buenos Aires, 1906-1907 </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(1952).</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Bibl.: G. Furlong, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Los jesuitas y la cultura rioplatense, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Buenos Aires, Editorial Huarpes, 1946; E. Cardozo, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Historiografía Paraguaya</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">, t. I, México, Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia, 1959; C. R. Centurión, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Historia de la Cultura Paraguaya</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">, t. I, Asunción. Biblioteca Ortiz Guerrero, 1961; O. Massare de Kostianovsky, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">La instrucción pública en la época colonial, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Asunción, Escuela Técnica Salesiana, 1975 (2.ª ed.); H. Storni, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Catálogo de los Jesuitas de la Provincia del Paraguay (Cuenca del Plata 1585-1768)</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">, Roma, Institutum Históricum, SI, 1980; Ch. O’Neill (SI) y J. M.ª Domínguez (SI), (dirs.), </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Diccionario Histórico de la Compañía de Jesús. Biográfico-Temático</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">, Roma-Madrid, Institutum Historicum, S.I.-Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 2001.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Mary Monte de López Moreira </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-4" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-preguntasfrecuentes" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentbb506541-4315-4ede-8b34-510511732f52 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><a href="/preguntas-frecuentes">Preguntas frecuentes</a></p> </div> </section> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockbiografia-destacada-block-2 clearfix" id="block-views-block-biografia-destacada-block-2"> <h2 class="block-title">Biografía destacada</h2> <div class="form-group"><div class="view view-biografia-destacada view-id-biografia_destacada view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-a26b1c118818279f2c62b2e67c976d835fe40bf7d4921bb127305b532e8f58cc"> <div class="view-content"> <div id="views-bootstrap-biografia-destacada-block-2" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel" data-interval="5000" data-pause="" data-wrap="0"> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="item row active"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="/biografias/portal-historia-hispanica" hreflang="und"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/imagenes/biografias/Portal-Historia-Hisp%C3%A1nica.jpg" width="480" height="320" alt="HH" 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