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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_to_Persian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_to_Persian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Relations to Persian</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relations_to_Persian-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Relations to Persian subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Relations_to_Persian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Differences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Differences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similarities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similarities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Similarities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similarities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levels_of_formality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levels_of_formality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Levels of formality</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Levels_of_formality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Levels of formality subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Levels_of_formality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Informal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Informal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Informal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Informal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Formal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Poetics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Poetics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Poetics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Poetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mirza_Ghalib" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mirza_Ghalib"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mirza Ghalib</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mirza_Ghalib-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sir_Dr_Muhammed_Iqbal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sir_Dr_Muhammed_Iqbal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Sir Dr Muhammed Iqbal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sir_Dr_Muhammed_Iqbal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_Words/Phrases_in_Urdu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_Words/Phrases_in_Urdu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Common Words/Phrases in Urdu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_Words/Phrases_in_Urdu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urdu_vs._Hindi--What's_the_difference?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urdu_vs._Hindi--What's_the_difference?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Urdu vs. Hindi--What's the difference?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urdu_vs._Hindi--What's_the_difference?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Urdu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 192 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-192" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">192 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Urdu" title="Bahsa Urdu – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Urdu" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oerdoe" title="Oerdoe – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oerdoe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A1%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B1" title="ኡርዱ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኡርዱ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उर्दू भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="उर्दू भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdusc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Urdusc sprǣc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Urdusc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الأردية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الأردية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_urd%C3%BA" title="Idioma urdú – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma urdú" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%95%DC%98" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܕܐܘܪܕܘ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܕܐܘܪܕܘ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_urdu" title="Limba urdu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Limba urdu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="উৰ্দু ভাষা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উৰ্দু ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_urd%C3%BA" title="Idioma urdú – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma urdú" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82" title="उर्दू – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="उर्दू" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Urdu ñe'ẽ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Urdu ñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_aru" title="Urdu aru – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Urdu aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_dili" title="Urdu dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Urdu dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="اوردو دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوردو دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="উর্দু ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উর্দু ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu-g%C3%AD" title="Urdu-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Urdu-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Урду теле – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Урду теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Урду – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Урду" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Урду – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Урду" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82" title="उर्दू – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="उर्दू" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Урду – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Урду" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ourdoueg" title="Ourdoueg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ourdoueg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Урду хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Урду хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urd%C3%BA" title="Urdú – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Urdú" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Урду – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Урду" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Urdu" title="Pinulongang Urdu – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Urdu" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urd%C5%A1tina" title="Urdština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Urdština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrdw" title="Wrdw – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wrdw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="ؤردو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ؤردو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdugiella" title="Urdugiella – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Urdugiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%8B%DE%AB" title="އުރުދޫ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އުރުދޫ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Urdušćina – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Urdušćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_keel" title="Urdu keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Urdu keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9F%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Γλώσσα Ούρντου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα Ούρντου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduo" title="Urduo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Urduo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_urdu" title="Idioma urdu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Idioma urdu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="زبان اردو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان اردو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ourdou" title="Ourdou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ourdou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oerd%C3%BB" title="Oerdû – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oerdû" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Urd%C3%BAis" title="An Urdúis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Urdúis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oordooish" title="Oordooish – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Oordooish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_dili" title="Urdu dili – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Urdu dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_urd%C3%BA" title="Lingua urdú – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua urdú" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Урду – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Урду" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="乌尔都语 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="乌尔都语" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%82_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="ઉર્દૂ ભાષા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઉર્દૂ ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="उर्दू भाशा – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="उर्दू भाशा" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu-ng%C3%AE" title="Urdu-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Urdu-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%A5%B4%EB%91%90%EC%96%B4" title="우르두어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우르두어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Urdu" title="ʻŌlelo Urdu – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Urdu" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Ուրդու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուրդու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उर्दू भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उर्दू भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Urdušćina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Urdušćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdski_jezik" title="Urdski jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Urdski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu-linguo" title="Urdu-linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Urdu-linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="উর্দু ঠার – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="উর্দু ঠার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Urdu" title="Bahasa Urdu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Urdu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Урду – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Урду" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi-Urdu" title="Isi-Urdu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isi-Urdu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ard%C3%BA" title="Úrdú – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Úrdú" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_urdu" title="Lingua urdu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua urdu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95" title="אורדו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורדו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Urdu" title="Basa Urdu – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Urdu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduu_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Urduu kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Urduu kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%82" title="ಉರ್ದೂ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉರ್ದೂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ურდუ ენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ურდუ ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%97_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اُردوٗ زَبان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اُردوٗ زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Урду – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Урду" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyeyurudu" title="Inyeyurudu – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Inyeyurudu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiurdu" title="Kiurdu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiurdu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Урду – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Урду" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_urd%C3%BB" title="Zimanê urdû – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê urdû" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Урдуча – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Урдуча" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9" title="ພາສາອູດູ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາອູດູ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Urdu" title="Lingua Urdu – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Urdu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_urdu" title="Lengua urdu – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua urdu" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduos" title="Urduos – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="Urduos" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_urdu" title="Lengua urdu – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua urdu" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_nyelv" title="Urdu nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Urdu nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उर्दु भाषा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="उर्दु भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Урду – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Урду" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_ord%C3%B2" title="Fiteny ordò – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny ordò" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81" title="ഉർദു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉർദു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Urdu" title="Lingwa Urdu – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Urdu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_%C5%AAru" title="Reo Ūru – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Ūru" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उर्दू भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उर्दू भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ურდუ ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ურდუ ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="اوردو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوردو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="اردو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اردو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Urdu" title="Bahasa Urdu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Urdu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8E%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A8_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯎꯔꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯎꯔꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Urdu" title="Bahaso Urdu – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Urdu" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Urdu-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Urdu-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D2%AF_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Урдү хэл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Урдү хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उर्दु भाषा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उर्दु भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उर्दू भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="उर्दू भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="ウルドゥー語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウルドゥー語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Урду – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Урду" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo" title="Ordo – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ordo" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ଉର୍ଦ୍ଦୁ ଭାଷା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉର୍ଦ୍ଦୁ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82" title="ਉਰਦੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਰਦੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उर्दू भाषा – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="उर्दू भाषा" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="اردو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اردو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اردو ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اردو ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%BC" title="ភាសាអ៊ូរឌូ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអ៊ូរឌូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_urdu" title="Lenga urdu – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga urdu" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_urdu" title="Język urdu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język urdu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_urdu" title="Língua urdu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua urdu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_tili" title="Urdu tili – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Urdu tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_tili" title="Urdu tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Urdu tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_urdu" title="Limba urdu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba urdu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urthu_simi" title="Urthu simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Urthu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Урду – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Урду" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagana_Urdu" title="Gagana Urdu – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Gagana Urdu" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82" title="उर्दू – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="उर्दू" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A9_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="اردو – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="اردو" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-Urdu" title="Se-Urdu – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Se-Urdu" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_urdu" title="Gjuha urdu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha urdu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94" title="උර්දු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උර්දු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="اردو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اردو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_ulimi" title="Urdu ulimi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Urdu ulimi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urd%C4%8Dina" title="Urdčina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Urdčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduj%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Urdujščina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Urdujščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%8Fdka_Urdu" title="Gŏdka Urdu – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gŏdka Urdu" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88" title="زمانی ئوردوو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئوردوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Урду (језик) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Урду (језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdski_jezik" title="Urdski jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Urdski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Urdu" title="Wikang Urdu – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Urdu" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="உருது – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருது" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_turdut" title="Tutlayt turdut – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt turdut" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Урду – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Урду" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%82_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="ఉర్దూ భాష – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉర్దూ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9" title="ภาษาอูรดู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอูรดู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Забони урду – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони урду" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಉರ್ದು ಬಾಸೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಉರ್ದು ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduca" title="Urduca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Urduca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_dili" title="Urdu dili – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Urdu dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Урду – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Урду" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_urdu" title="Lingua urdu – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Lingua urdu" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Урду – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Урду" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="اردو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اردو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئوردو تىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئوردو تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Urdu" title="Vah Urdu – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Urdu" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Urdu" title="Tiếng Urdu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Urdu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurduv" title="Lurduv – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lurduv" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Urdu" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="乌尔都语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乌尔都语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95" title="אורדו – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אורדו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Urdu" title="Èdè Urdu – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Urdu" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%96%87" title="烏都文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="烏都文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduki" title="Urduki – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Urduki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urd%C5%AB" title="Urdū – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Urdū" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="乌尔都语 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乌尔都语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Urdu" title="Saro Urdu – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Urdu" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Urdu" title="Basa Urdu – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Urdu" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_zyvon" title="Urdu zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Urdu zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴷⵓ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴷⵓ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:130%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Urdu</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><b>Lashkari</b> (<b>لِشٍّکری</b>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-size: 125%; font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">اُرْدُو</span>‎</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Urdu_example.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Urdu_example.svg/120px-Urdu_example.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Urdu_example.svg/180px-Urdu_example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Urdu_example.svg/240px-Urdu_example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="857" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;"><i>Urdu</i> in <a href="/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq">Nastaliq</a> script</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><small></small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:IPA_for_Hindi_and_Urdu" class="extiw" title="en:WP:IPA for Hindi and Urdu">[ˈʊrduː]</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hi-Urdu.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="audio speaker icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Hi-Urdu.ogg" class="internal" title="Hi-Urdu.ogg">listen</a></span></span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">68.62 million (2021)<br />Total: 230 million (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a><sup id="cite_ref-ELL2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELL2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Urdu</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Rekhta" title="Rekhta">Rekhta</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deccani_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccani Language">Deccani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhakaiya_Urdu" title="Dhakaiya Urdu">Dhakaiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhta" title="Rekhta">Rekhta</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perso-Arabic_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perso-Arabic script (not yet started)">Perso-Arabic</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urdu alphabet (not yet started)">Urdu alphabet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Urdu" title="Roman Urdu">Roman Urdu</a> (unofficial)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu_Braille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urdu Braille (not yet started)">Urdu Braille</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Manually_coded_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manually coded language">Signed forms</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Signing_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Signing System (not yet started)">Indian Signing System</a> (ISS)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Signed Urdu<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><br />(national) <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a><br />(state-official) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Territory_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="National Capital Territory of Delhi">National Capital Territory of Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Recognised minority<br />language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(protected language)</span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Language_Promotion_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Language Promotion Department (not yet started)">National Language Promotion Department</a> (Pakistan)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_for_Promotion_of_Urdu_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language (not yet started)">National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language</a> (India)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=ur">ur</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=475">urd</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/urd" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:urd">urd</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/urdu1245">urdu1245</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>59-AAF-q</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Urdu_official-language_areas.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Urdu_official-language_areas.png/220px-Urdu_official-language_areas.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Urdu_official-language_areas.png/330px-Urdu_official-language_areas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Urdu_official-language_areas.png/440px-Urdu_official-language_areas.png 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="495" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7263850">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc90e; color:black;"> </span> Areas in India and Pakistan where Urdu is either official or co-official</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7263850" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#fff200; color:black;"> </span> Areas where Urdu is neither official nor co-official</div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Urdu</b>, also known as <b>Lashkari</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Ahmad2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahmad2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <b>Lashkari language</b> (لِشْکری زَبَانِ)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">national language</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and a recognized <a href="/wiki/Regional_language" title="Regional language">regional dialect</a> in India. Urdu is an <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan language</a>, which means that it came from Proto-Indo-Aryan, a language that was spoken northeast of the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> in the second millennium BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most people in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> speak it as a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>. There are parts of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> that speak it, such as <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, for example. Despite a few differences, the words in Hindi are very similar to Urdu. The way it is written, is different from how <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> is written. People who speak Hindi and Urdu may be able to able to understand or express the meaning of one of these two scripts in any order. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 11th century AD, the <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavid_Empire" title="Ghaznavid Empire">Ghaznavid Empire</a> ruled over <a href="/wiki/Punjab" class="mw-disambig" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>, the region characterized by five rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-Dogra,_Ramesh_Chander_1973_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dogra,_Ramesh_Chander_1973-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also known as <i>Hind</i>, the Punjab was a land east on the Indus River.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary language spoken by Ghaznavids, who were of <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic ethnicity</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>. The Ghaznavids met the people who spoke an Indo-Aryan dialect after acquiring <a href="/wiki/Punjab" class="mw-disambig" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> or <i>Hind</i>, which had <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> as its capital. The contemporary <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi language</a> also derives from this language indigenous to the region.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A distinctive dialect, dubbed 'Lashkari Zaban,' was created when Persian began to influence the language of the natives of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-Dogra,_Ramesh_Chander_1973_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dogra,_Ramesh_Chander_1973-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ghaznavids and inhabitants of the area adopted this new language. In the 12th century AD, the Ghaznavids moved to the west of present-day India and brought this language to <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>. The language was influenced by the Khariboli dialect that was spoken in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From Delhi it spread to the northern regions, where it became a standard way of interacting. Khariboli's influence on the language spread to cities like <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" class="mw-disambig" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>. Over the course of time, the language has been referred to in numerous ways.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Native poets from these cities and the surrounding areas helped improve it by adding many Persian and <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai</a> words to it. They added <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> words in the language that already existed from Persian. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a>, the language continued to change. </p><p>The '<a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>' was a distinct Muslim empire of <a href="/wiki/Turkic" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkic">Turkic</a> origin, with primary language Chagatai and secondary language Persian. But they did not have any signs that they were from Iran or the Persian region. </p><p>At that time, the royal camps' dialect was known as <i>Zaban-i-Ordu</i>. </p><p>It is said that the late eighteenth-century AD poet Ghulam Mashafi bestowed upon it the designation “Urdu”, which was shortened from “Zaban-i-Urdu.”<sup id="cite_ref-Garcia,_Maria_Isabel_Maldonado_2011_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garcia,_Maria_Isabel_Maldonado_2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name "urdu" originated from Chagatai. Chagatai was related to the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turks</a> because they were all part of the same Turkic family, unlike <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a> languages. </p><p>In its own indigenous translation, it was a <i>Lashkari Zaban</i> and <i>Lashkari</i> for short. </p><p>The language commonly referred to as Urdu was used as a court language in numerous South Asian cities, including Delhi and Amritsar.<sup id="cite_ref-Dogra,_Ramesh_Chander_1973_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dogra,_Ramesh_Chander_1973-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the time of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, it gained the designation of "<a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>." Hindustan, a name associated with the <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus River</a>. The court proceedings were continuing in the language. </p><p>It eventually became the first language of many people in <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a>. </p><p>By the end of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule</a> and the independence of Pakistan, it was selected as the national language for the people of the country because they spoke different languages and dialects. </p><p>In India, it became the national language but went by the name Hindi and was written in the Devanagari script. It also used a lesser amount of Arabic, Persian, and Chagatai words and instead, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> words were adopted in their place. </p><p>Today, it is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan in terms of total speakers and a registered language in 22 Indian states. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_to_Persian">Relations to Persian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Relations to Persian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Relations to Persian"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Differences">Differences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Differences" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Differences"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The letters in Urdu are derived from the Persian/Farsi alphabet, which is derived from the Arabic alphabet. The additional letters that are found in Urdu include ٹ ,ڈ ,ڑ (ṫ, ḋ, ṙ). To make the alphabet more enriched, two letters were created for the sounds ه (h) and ی (y). By adding these letters to the existing Persian letters, the Urdu alphabet became more suitable for the people of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and for some people of North India, who primarily use nastaliq script. Both are also Indo-Iranic languages descending from Proto-Indo-Iranic, but deriving from separate subbranches, Iranic and Indo-Aryan respectively.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Similarities">Similarities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Similarities" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Similarities"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Urdu is written right to left like Farsi (Persian) script. Urdu is also written in the Nasta’ liq style of Persian Calligraphy. Nastaliq style is a cursive script invented by Mīr ʿAlī of Tabrīz, a very famous calligrapher during the Timurid period (1402–1502). Both belong to the Indo-Iranic language subfamily.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Levels_of_formality">Levels of formality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Levels of formality" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Levels of formality"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lashkari_Zaban_calligraphy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lashkari_Zaban_calligraphy.png/275px-Lashkari_Zaban_calligraphy.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lashkari_Zaban_calligraphy.png/413px-Lashkari_Zaban_calligraphy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lashkari_Zaban_calligraphy.png/550px-Lashkari_Zaban_calligraphy.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption><i>Lashkari Zabān</i> ("Battalionese language") title in Nashk script</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Informal">Informal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Informal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Informal"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Urdu in its less formalized register has been called a <i>rekhta</i> (ریخِتْہ,), meaning "rough mixture". The more formal register of Urdu is sometimes called <i>zabān-e-Urdu-e-mo'alla</i> (زَبَّانُ ارْدُو مُعْلٍہ <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[zəbaːn eː ʊrd̪uː eː moəllaː]</span>), the "Language of Camp." </p><p>In local translation, it is called <i>Lashkari Zabān</i> (<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-size: 125%; font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">لِشْکری زَبَانِ</span>‎ [<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">lʌʃkɜ:i: zɑ:bɑ:n</span>])<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning "language of <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalions</a>" or "battalion language." This can be shortened to <i>Lashkari</i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> of the word used in the Urdu language, for the most part, <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/decides" class="extiw" title="wikt:decides">decides</a> how nice or well done your speech is. For example, Urdu speakers would distinguish between پانی <i>pānī</i> and آب <i>āb</i>, both meaning "water" for example, or between آدمی <i>ādmi</i> and مرد <i>mard</i>, meaning "man." The first word is ad derivative from Adam (آدم) Arabic means from Adam, and it can be used for both man and woman in place of human being. The second word مرد <i>mard</i> refers to a gender or can be used for manly hood as well. </p><p>If a word is of <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> origin, the level of speech is thought to be more formal. If <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> grammar <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/constructs" class="extiw" title="wikt:constructs">constructs</a>, such as the izafat, are used in Urdu, the level of speech is also thought more formal and correct. If a word is inherited from <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai</a>, the level of speech is thought more colloquial and personal.<sup id="cite_ref-University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formal">Formal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Formal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Formal"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Urdu is supposed to be a well-formed language; many of words are used in it to show respect and politeness. This <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/emphasis" class="extiw" title="wikt:emphasis">emphasis</a> on politeness, which comes from the vocabulary, is known as <b>Aadab (Courteous)</b> and to sometimes as <b>takalluf (Formal)</b> in Urdu. These words are mostly used when addressing elders, or people with whom one is not met yet. Just like <i>French <b>Vous</b> and <b>Tu</b>. Upon studying French and other forms of Language, similar formal language constructs are present. The whole grammatical layout appears to be almost identical to French language structure. The rules for forming sentences and structuring them are identical</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poetics">Poetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Poetics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Poetics"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mushafi-ghulam-hamdani.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Mushafi-ghulam-hamdani.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Ghulam Hamdani Mushafi, the poet first believed to have coined the name "<i>Urdu</i>" for the language around 1780 AD. Before that, this language went by different names.<sup id="cite_ref-Garcia,_Maria_Isabel_Maldonado_2011_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garcia,_Maria_Isabel_Maldonado_2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Two well-respected poets who are not only celebrated in the South Asian subcontinent, but are famous in many other communities worldwide are Mirza Ghalib and Sir Dr. Muhammed Iqbal.  </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mirza_Ghalib">Mirza Ghalib</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Mirza Ghalib" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Mirza Ghalib"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghalib" title="Mirza Ghalib">Mirza Ghalib</a></div> <p>Ghalib (1797-1869) is well-known for his classic satire and sarcasm, as seen in the following verse; </p><p>(Latin/Roma alphabet): </p><p><i>Umer bhar hum yun hee ghalati kartey rahen Ghalib</i> </p><p><i>Dhool ch-herey pei thee aur hum aaina saaf karte rahe</i> </p><p>(translation): </p><p><i>O Ghalib (himself) all my life I kept making the same mistakes over and over,</i> </p><p><i>I was busy cleaning the mirror while the dirt was on my face.</i>  </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sir_Dr_Muhammed_Iqbal">Sir Dr Muhammed Iqbal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Sir Dr Muhammed Iqbal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Sir Dr Muhammed Iqbal"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammed_Iqbal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammed Iqbal (not yet started)">Muhammed Iqbal</a></div> <p>Iqbal (1877-1938) was a poet, and an active politician. He focused his poetry on bringing out the plight of the suffering Muslim community of <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>. In his poetry, he very boldly highlighted the missing virtues and values in the morally corrupt Indian society. Despite much opposition in the beginning, he ended up leaving a considerable impact. He is also called the “Poet of the East” and the “Poet of Islam”. His work is displayed in the following verse; </p><p>(Latin/Roma Alphabet):      </p><p><i>Aapne bhe khafa mujh sei beganey bhe na khush</i> </p><p><i>Mein zeher-e-halahal ku kabhi keh na saka qand</i> </p><p>(translation): </p><p><i>I could not keep happy either my loved ones or the strangers,</i> </p><p><i>as I could never call a piece of poison a piece of candy.</i>   </p><p>Iqbal is considered by many an inspirational poet. He played a large role in the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a>, with many claiming that he was the one to imagine and initiate it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_Words/Phrases_in_Urdu"><span id="Common_Words.2FPhrases_in_Urdu"></span>Common Words/Phrases in Urdu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Common Words/Phrases in Urdu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Common Words/Phrases in Urdu"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="122" data-mwtitle="Zar_Wali_Khan's_Voice.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Zar_Wali_Khan%27s_Voice.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Zar_Wali_Khan%27s_Voice.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Zar_Wali_Khan%27s_Voice.ogg/Zar_Wali_Khan%27s_Voice.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Spoken form</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm/220px--WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="118" data-mwtitle="WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Scarlett_speaking_Urdu.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>WIKITONGUES-Scarlett speaking Urdu/Lashkari</figcaption></figure> <p>Formal Urdu: </p><p>Aap tashreef rakhein = Please have a seat </p><p>Main mu'azzarat chahta/chahti hun = Please excuse me/I apologize </p><p>Informal Urdu: Aap bethein (You sit) or Tum betho (Sit, more informal) </p><p>Main maafi chahta/chahti hun= I ask for forgiveness </p><p>************* </p><p>Aap kaisay hein? = How are you? </p><p>Main sahein hun = I am fine </p><p>Assalam O Alaikum = Peace be upon you (It basically means hello, and it is a common greeting used in Islamic countries or among Muslims in general) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urdu_vs._Hindi--What's_the_difference?"><span id="Urdu_vs._Hindi--What.27s_the_difference.3F"></span>Urdu vs. Hindi--What's the difference?</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Urdu vs. Hindi--What's the difference?" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Urdu vs. Hindi--What's the difference?"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although often misunderstood as two separate languages, Urdu and Hindi are two registers of the same Hindustani language, often called Hindi-Urdu.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Urdu is the official language of Pakistan and spoken by 71 million people in India.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Urdu's vocabulary borrows primarily from <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, also historically known as <i><b>Hindui</b></i> (<b>हिंदुई</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the most spoken language of India, which replaces much of Urdu's Farsi, Chagatai and Arabic terminology with <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> derived vocabulary. They are grammatically the same. Everyday words are often shared between the two registers, while formal vocabulary can differ significantly. Urdu and Hindi speakers can understand each other with little to no difficulty, largely from using shared, or English vocabulary, rather than using highly Arabized or Sanskritized vocabulary. Hindi speakers are more likely to use words of Arabic/Persian origin (Kitaab, Dil, Mahobbat), than Urdu speakers are to use words of Sanskrit origin (Pustak, Man, Prem), as Urdu-speaking Pakistani's have less exposure to Hindi, than Hindi-speaking Indians do to Urdu. This can be seen in Bollywoods extensive use of the Urdu register,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and India being a nation where both registers are natively spoken.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><u>Example</u> </p><p>English: I want to know how your mind is feeling. </p><p>Literary Urdu: Mujhe aap ke dimaagh ki jazbaat maatloob hai. </p><p>Literary Hindi: Mujhe aap ke mastishk ka bhaav vaanchit hai. </p><p>Casual Hindustani: Main tere man* ka haal* jaanna chaata hun. </p><p>*man is of Sanskrit origin, while haal is of Arabic origin<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/guides/ethnologue200">"What are the top 200 most spoken languages?"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>. 3 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=What+are+the+top+200+most+spoken+languages%3F&rft.date=2018-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fguides%2Fethnologue200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ELL2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ELL2_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite id="CITEREFHindustani2005" class="citation book cs1">Hindustani (2005). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_Brown_(linguist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith Brown (linguist) (not yet started)">Keith Brown</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_of_Language_and_Linguistics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (not yet started)">Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics</a></i> (2nd ed.). Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-08-044299-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-08-044299-4"><bdi>0-08-044299-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Language+and+Linguistics&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-08-044299-4&rft.au=Hindustani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite id="CITEREFGaurav_Takkar" class="citation web cs1">Gaurav Takkar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161115071424/http://punarbhava.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1056&Itemid=614">"Short Term Programmes"</a>. <i>punarbhava.in</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://punarbhava.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1056&Itemid=614">the original</a> on 15 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=punarbhava.in&rft.atitle=Short+Term+Programmes&rft.au=Gaurav+Takkar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpunarbhava.in%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D1056%26Itemid%3D614&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Indo-Pakistani Sign Language", <i>Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/urdu-is-telanganas-second-official-language-4940595/">"Urdu is Telangana's second official language"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. 16 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Urdu+is+Telangana%27s+second+official+language&rft.date=2017-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Furdu-is-telanganas-second-official-language-4940595%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/urdu-second-official-language-telangana-state-passes-bill-71742">"Urdu is second official language in Telangana as state passes Bill"</a>. <i>The News Minute</i>. 17 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+Minute&rft.atitle=Urdu+is+second+official+language+in+Telangana+as+state+passes+Bill&rft.date=2017-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewsminute.com%2Farticle%2Furdu-second-official-language-telangana-state-passes-bill-71742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-1-founding-provisions">"Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 1: Founding Provisions"</a>. <i>www.gov.za</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.za&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+South+Africa%2C+1996+-+Chapter+1%3A+Founding+Provisions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.za%2Fdocuments%2Fconstitution%2Fchapter-1-founding-provisions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahmad2009-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ahmad2009_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite id="CITEREFAijazuddin_Ahmad2009" class="citation book cs1">Aijazuddin Ahmad (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I2QmPHeIowoC&pg=PA120"><i>Geography of the South Asian Subcontinent: a critical approach</i></a>. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 120–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-568-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-568-1"><bdi>978-81-8069-568-1</bdi></a>. <q>The very word Urdu came into being as the original <i><b>Lashkari</b></i> dialect, in other words, the language of the army.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geography+of+the+South+Asian+Subcontinent%3A+a+critical+approach&rft.pages=120-&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-8069-568-1&rft.au=Aijazuddin+Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI2QmPHeIowoC%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf">"Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Kanwal Khalid, PhD Associate Professor, College of Art and Design <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of the Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kanwal+Khalid%2C+PhD+Associate+Professor%2C+College+of+Art+and+Design+University+of+the+Punjab%2C+Lahore&rft.atitle=Lahore+During+the+Ghaznavid+Period&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpu.edu.pk%2Fimages%2Fjournal%2Fuoc%2FPDF-FILES%2F%2813%29%2520Kanwal%2520Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Trautmann, Thomas, and Yoda Press. "Indo-European topics."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dogra,_Ramesh_Chander_1973-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dogra,_Ramesh_Chander_1973_11-0">11.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dogra,_Ramesh_Chander_1973_11-1">11.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dogra,_Ramesh_Chander_1973_11-2">11.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Dogra, Ramesh Chander. "Cataloguing Urdu Names." International Library Review 5.3 (1973): 351-377.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brard, Gurnam Singh Sidhu. "East of Indus: My memories of old Punjab." (2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite id="CITEREFNazir_Ahmed_Chaudhry1998" class="citation book cs1">Nazir Ahmed Chaudhry (1998). <i>Lahore: Glimpses of a Glorious Heritage</i>. Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1998, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> (origin). p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9693509447" title="Special:BookSources/9693509447"><bdi>9693509447</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lahore%3A+Glimpses+of+a+Glorious+Heritage&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Sang-e-Meel+Publications%2C+1998%2C+University+of+Michigan+%28origin%29&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9693509447&rft.au=Nazir+Ahmed+Chaudhry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf">"Lahore During the Ghaznavid Period"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Khanwal, Kahlid Associate Professor, College of Art & Design, Punjab University</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Khanwal%2C+Kahlid+Associate+Professor%2C+College+of+Art+%26+Design%2C+Punjab+University&rft.atitle=Lahore+During+the+Ghaznavid+Period&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpu.edu.pk%2Fimages%2Fjournal%2Fuoc%2FPDF-FILES%2F%2813%29%2520Kanwal%2520Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bailey, T. Grahame. "Urdu: the Name and the Language." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 62.2 (1930): 391-400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaheen, Shagufta, and Sajjad Shahid. "The Unique Literary Traditions of Dakhnī." Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad (2017): 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garcia,_Maria_Isabel_Maldonado_2011-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Garcia,_Maria_Isabel_Maldonado_2011_17-0">17.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Garcia,_Maria_Isabel_Maldonado_2011_17-1">17.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado. "The Urdu language reforms." Studies 26 (2011): 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Khan, Sajjad, Waqas Anwar, Usama Bajwa, and Xuan Wang. "Template Based Affix Stemmer for a Morphologically Rich Language." International Arab Journal of Information Technology (IAJIT) 12, no. 2 (2015).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unc.edu/">"About Urdu"</a>. Afroz Taj (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Urdu&rft.pub=Afroz+Taj+%28University+of+North+Carolina+at+Chapel+Hill%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unc.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxirsoc.com/blog-articles/2017/2/22/yes-hindi-and-urdu-are-the-same-language">"Yes, Hindi and Urdu are the same language"</a>. <i>Oxford IRSoc</i>. 2017-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+IRSoc&rft.atitle=Yes%2C+Hindi+and+Urdu+are+the+same+language&rft.date=2017-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxirsoc.com%2Fblog-articles%2F2017%2F2%2F22%2Fyes-hindi-and-urdu-are-the-same-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worlddata.info/languages/urdu.php">"Urdu - Worldwide distribution"</a>. <i>Worlddata.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Worlddata.info&rft.atitle=Urdu+-+Worldwide+distribution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Flanguages%2Furdu.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dwyer, Rachel. "Hindi/Hindustani". Key Concepts in Modern Indian Studies, edited by Gita Dharampal-Frick, Monika Kirloskar-Steinbach and Jahnavi Phalkey, New York, USA: New York University Press, 2016, pp. 102-103. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.18574/9781479826834-041">https://doi.org/10.18574/9781479826834-041</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/in-perspective/is-urdu-losing-its-charm-in-bollywood-films-955816.html">"Is Urdu losing its charm in Bollywood films?"</a>. <i>Deccan Herald</i>. 2021-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=Is+Urdu+losing+its+charm+in+Bollywood+films%3F&rft.date=2021-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fopinion%2Fin-perspective%2Fis-urdu-losing-its-charm-in-bollywood-films-955816.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite id="CITEREFHashmi2019" class="citation web cs1">Hashmi, Rasia (2019-09-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siasat.com/urdu-2nd-most-spoken-language-5-states-1604362/">"Urdu is the 2nd most spoken language in 5 states"</a>. <i>The Siasat Daily</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Siasat+Daily&rft.atitle=Urdu+is+the+2nd+most+spoken+language+in+5+states&rft.date=2019-09-02&rft.aulast=Hashmi&rft.aufirst=Rasia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.siasat.com%2Furdu-2nd-most-spoken-language-5-states-1604362%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rekhtadictionary.com/meaning-of-man">"Meaning of man in English"</a>. <i>Rekhta Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rekhta+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Meaning+of+man+in+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rekhtadictionary.com%2Fmeaning-of-man&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rekhtadictionary.com/meaning-of-haal">"Meaning of haal in English"</a>. <i>Rekhta Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rekhta+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Meaning+of+haal+in+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rekhtadictionary.com%2Fmeaning-of-haal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AUrdu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: Further reading" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Further reading"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia803203.us.archive.org/20/items/7977-urdu-lashkari-zuban-bookspk/7977_urdu-lashkari-zuban-bookspk.pdf">ترتیب وڈیزائننگ ایم پی خاؿ اردولشکری زبان</a> (sample texts)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm">Omniglot page</a> the online encyclopedia of languages and writing systems</li></ul> <style 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Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-06-23T15:02:11Z","dateModified":"2025-02-24T12:33:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/01\/Urdu_example.svg","headline":"Indo-Aryan language spoken in South Asia"}</script> </body> </html>