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Most monarchies with a railway system employ a set of royal carriages. If the monarch is an [[emperor]] the proper term is '''imperial train.''' ==Australia== {{Main|Victorian Railways Royal Train}} The various government railway operators of [[Australia]] have operated a number of royal trains for members of the [[British royal family|royal family]] on their numerous [[royal visits to Australia|tours of the country]]. ==Austria-Hungary== [[File:Hofzug in Pula 1899.jpg|thumb|right|''k.u.k. Hofsalonzug'' at [[Pula]] train station, 1899]] The imperial and royal court used the ''k.u.k. Hofsalonzug'' (Imperial and Royal Court Saloon Train). Various versions existed under the rule of Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]]. Many of the cars were built by [[Ringhoffer]] in Bohemia. The cars were operated and maintained by the [[Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways]]. Two cars have survived, one is the dining car kept at the Technical Museum in Prague, and the other is the car of [[Empress Elisabeth of Austria]], which is kept at the Technical Museum in Vienna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.technischesmuseum.at/object/hofsalonwagen|title = Technisches Museum Wien -Startseite}}</ref> {{Clear}} ==Belgium== ===Historic use=== Some of the historic royal coaches are still preserved, two of which are on display at the [[Train World]] museum at [[Schaerbeek]]. From the royal coaches that served for [[King Leopold II]] and [[King Albert I]] are preserved the three most important royal coaches. From the royal coaches that served for King [[Leopold III of Belgium|Leopold III]] and [[King Baudouin]] the following are preserved: the drawing room coach (with private rest compartment for the king), the dining coach (with big and private dining compartment and kitchen) and the sleeping coach for the king and queen (with small drawing room, sleeping compartments, bathing compartments with bathtub and compartments for the staff). ===Modern use (from 2000)=== For rail transport during visits of heads of state to Belgium, there is a possibility of using a first-class [[SNCB I11 coach]] with seats partially removed and a set of armchairs put in the middle of the coach. This arrangement was used for the first time on 30 May 2002 during the state visit of [[Queen Margrethe II|Queen Margrethe II of Denmark]], for a trip from [[Brugge railway station|Bruges]] to [[Brussels-South railway station|Brussels-South]], and a second time during the state visit of [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands]] on 22 June 2006 for a trip from [[Schaarbeek railway station|Schaerbeek]] to [[Liège-Guillemins railway station|Liège-Guillemins]]. In October 2019 the royal family used a converted 1st class train to visit [[Luxembourg]]. They departed from the [[Brussels-Luxembourg railway station]], to not hinder the busy train network around Brussels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brussels-express.eu/king-and-queen-of-belgium-arrive-by-train-in-luxembourg-for-a-three-day-state-visit/|title=King and Queen of Belgium arrive by train in Luxembourg for a three-day state visit|date=17 October 2019}}</ref> ==Canada== {{Main|Canadian Pacific Railway#Royal trains|l1=Canadian Pacific Railway: Royal trains}} Royal trains have been employed to [[Royal and viceroyal transport in Canada|transport members of the Canadian royal family]] on numerous tours prior to the 1960s, after which the [[Royal Canadian Air Force VIP aircraft#437 Transport Squadron|Canadian Royal Flight]] was predominantly used. *1860 – [[Grand Trunk Railway]]: [[Prince of Wales]] (later as [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VII]]) *1901 – [[Canadian Pacific Railway]]: [[Duke of York]] (later as [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]]) *1906 – Canadian Pacific Railway: [[Duke of Connaught and Strathearn|Duke of Connaught]] ([[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]]) *1939 – Canadian Pacific Railway and [[Canadian National Railway]]: [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]] and [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon|Queen Mother Elizabeth]] ==Denmark== [[Denmark]]’s oldest royal coach dates back to 1854 and known as JFJ S (I) (Jysk-Fynske Jernbaner) the S stands for Salonvogn which is the Danish classification for all the royal cars up to the modern day. It was gifted to [[Frederick VII of Denmark|King Frederik VII]] by Peto, Brassey & Betts to the inauguration of the railway between Flensborg-Tønning. (Now in German [[Southern Schleswig]]) and as a result of the [[Second Schleswig War]] better known as the war of 1864, it was stranded on the Prussian side but returned to Denmark in 1865 in a barge. It was rebuilt several times first in 1883 where it was fitted with a vacuum brake, gaslighting and Mays heating system. It was rebuilt again in 1898 from a 3-axle to 2-axle car and classified [[Danish State Railways]] DSB SB 2, and 1903 reclassified for the last time as DSB S 2 and used as an inspection car until 1934 when it was withdrawn from service. In 1935 its wooden coach body was sold to [[greengrocer]] Møller and used as a summer house in [[Hurup Thy]] until 1983 when it donated to the DJK (Dansk Jernbane-Kub) Danish railway club. In 1985 it was given to the Aalholm collection at [[Aalholm]] Castle, and in 2011 it came to the Danish Railway Museum in Odense where it sits on display as an unrestored coach body to show what several other coaches looked like before restoration. For her 60th birthday in 2000, Queen [[Margrethe II of Denmark]] received a new royal coach with a drawing room, sleeping compartments and kitchen. She used this coach for her state visit to Belgium, travelling the night of 27–28 May 2002 from Denmark to Brussels-South and returning from there to Denmark on the evening of 30 May 2002. The coach and the accompanying sleeping car for the staff were hooked to normal trains, except for the part from Aachen to Brussels, where it ran as a special train to allow for the arrival on a reserved platform where the press were waiting. ==Ethiopia== [[Menelik II|Emperor Menelik II]] was known to use a special first class saloon when travelling on the [[Franco-Ethiopian Railroad]]. In 1935 Emperor [[Haile Selassie]] of [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]] received two carriages from the [[Société Franco-Belge]] in [[Raismes]]. Another two from the [[Decauville]] works were commissioned in 1954. As of its last use in 1973, prior to the Emperor's overthrow in a [[1974 Ethiopian coup d'état|coup d'etat the following year]], the imperial train consisted of two locomotives, a baggage car with a diesel generator, four imperial carriages for the emperor and his family (lounge, sleeping compartments, offices, kitchen and restaurant), two 1st class salon-sleeper cars for guests of the royal family and government officials, and two 2nd passenger cars.<ref name="ETH">{{cite web |last1=Crozet |first1=Jean-Pierre |title=The Imperial Cars |url=https://www.train-franco-ethiopien.com/voit_imp_en.php |website=The Franco-Ethiopian and Djibouto-Ethiopian Railways |access-date=20 August 2019}}</ref> Today the cars are held in storage in the obscure Railway Museum the yards of [[Legehar train station]], but as of the early 2000s were kept in good condition and are occasionally open for public viewing. == Germany == ===Before 1918=== [[File:Salonwagen Kaiser Wilhelm II ZfB.jpg|thumb|left|Saloon No. 1 of Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1890s]] Germany consisted of more than 30 states – most of them monarchies – when railways came into existence. In the beginning, royalty used first class coaches or first class compartments within public coaches and trains. So [[Frederick III, German Emperor|Prince Frederick of Prussia]] (later German Emperor) travelled in a first class compartment in 1851 when the train derailed in the vicinity of [[Gütersloh]].<ref>German language Wikipedia: [[:de:Eisenbahnunfall von Avenwedde|Eisenbahnunfall von Avenwedde.]]</ref> But soon most of these kings, great dukes and princes possessed their own private coaches or trains. In other cases the railway companies provided such coaches and rented them to royalty. Complementary to those private coaches and trains were private reception rooms in the station buildings and in some cases even [[private railway station]]s for the exclusive use of these privileged few. A well-preserved example is [[Potsdam Park Sanssouci railway station]], a railway station for the use of [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Emperor Wilhelm II]] near his summer palace, the [[New Palace (Potsdam)|New Palace]] in [[Potsdam]]. ====Prussia==== [[Frederick William IV of Prussia|King Frederick William IV of Prussia]] purchased a set of royal coaches in 1857.<ref>Peter Bock, Alfred Gottwaldt: ''Regierungszüge. Salonwagen, Kaiserbahnhöfe und Staatsfahrten in Deutschland''. München 2006, {{ISBN|3-7654-7070-8}}, p. 14.</ref> They ran on two and three axles and were painted in a chestnut brown. None of these have survived. After 30 years of use they became technically outdated, so in 1889 the new emperor, [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]], who was always very interested in engineering and technological developments started to order new coaches. Until the end of his reign in 1918 there were about 30 coaches.<ref>Alfred Gottwaldt: ''Der Hofzug sr. Majestät des Deutschen Kaisers, Königs von Preußen''. Modelleisenbahner Verlag. [o.J., ca. 1992]; Helmut Schroeter: ''Der Hofzug des letzten deutschen Kaisers.'' In: ''Lok-Magazin'' 9 (1964), S. 37.</ref> These ran on bogies with either two or three axles and were painted in bright blue and [[ecru]] which contrasted significantly with ordinary coaches of the day which usually were painted green, grey or brown; only during [[World War I]] the imperial coaches were painted green. The private car of the emperor is on display in the [[German Museum of Technology]], [[Berlin]], the private car of the empress in the museum of former [[Linke-Hofmann]]-Busch GmbH (today: Alstom Transport Deutschland GmbH) who built the coach. {{Clear}} ====Other states==== [[File:Bayerischer Hofzug DB Museum Nürnberg 001.JPG|thumb|right|Saloon of King [[Ludwig II of Bavaria]] (foreground) and terrace-car (background), second half of the 1860s; preserved in [[Nuremberg Transport Museum]]]] The kings of [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]],<ref>Magistrat der Stadt Potsdam (Hrsg.): ''Katalog. Europäische Salonwagenausstellung vom 22. – 23. Mai 1993 auf dem Gelände des Raw Potsdam''. Potsdam 1993, p. 64, No. 33.</ref> [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Wurttemberg]]<ref>Paul Sauer: ''Regent mit mildem Zepter. König Karl von Württemberg''. Stuttgart 1999, {{ISBN|3-421-05181-X}}, p. 241.</ref> and [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]] possessed their own trains. Two royal coaches of a most splendid design used by [[Ludwig II of Bavaria|King Ludwig II of Bavaria]] are preserved in the [[Nuremberg Transport Museum]], the king's personal coach as well as a terrace-coach, by half open-air.<ref>Ralf Romann Rossberg: ''König Ludwig II. auf Achse.'' In: Peter Bock, Alfred Gottwaldt: ''Regierungszüge. Salonwagen, Kaiserbahnhöfe und Staatsfahrten in Deutschland''. München 2006, {{ISBN|3-7654-7070-8}}, p. 52.</ref> The [[Weimar Republic]] inherited about 100 of these royal cars, a number far larger than useful for the president and government. So no new cars were built but some of the old ones used. Others were used in luxury trains or in ordinary services, especially dining cars, or as sleepers. Many of them were also converted to [[departmental vehicle]]s.<ref>Walter Haberling: ''Reichsbahn - Salonwagen. Bauarten und Einsätze zur Reichsbahn- und Bundesbahnzeit.'' Freiburg 2010.</ref> {{Clear}} ==Japan== [[File:JR East E655 imperial train 20190929 4.jpg|thumb|left|Emperor [[Naruhito]] and Empress [[Empress Masako|Masako]] riding (2019)]] In [[Japan]], trains for the [[Emperor of Japan|emperor]], the [[Japanese empresses|empress]], or the empress dowager are called {{Nihongo|''Omeshi Ressha'' |お召し列車}}, literally meaning "trains that they use", albeit using an extremely polite word for "use". Trains for the other members of the [[Imperial House of Japan|imperial family]] are called {{Nihongo|''Gojōyō Ressha''|御乗用列車}}, meaning "trains to ride" in slightly more common language. However, both ''Omeshi Ressha'' and ''Gojōyō Ressha'' refer to a non-scheduled service solely operated for the imperial family. Dedicated imperial carriages were owned by [[Japanese National Railways]] (JNR), and these came under the control of the [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) following privatization. The dedicated locomotive-hauled set was retired in the 2000s and replaced by the specially built [[E655 series]] EMU, which can also be used as a VIP charter trainset. When the emperor must travel on the [[Shinkansen]] or private railways, other trainsets may be used for ''Omeshi Ressha'' service, such as the [[Kintetsu 50000 series]] EMU for visits to [[Ise Grand Shrine]]. These trainsets are otherwise operated regularly for passenger service, but as is the case with the Kintetsu 50000 or the [[N700 Series Shinkansen]], may have carriages retrofitted with bulletproof windows to accommodate the emperor. Additionally, when travelling to Ise, an additional carriage is reserved solely for the transport of the [[Three Sacred Treasures]] as they must accompany the emperor. Under Emperor [[Akihito]], imperial trains were used less and less: the emperor generally travelled by air, or regular scheduled trains with a reserved carriage. In this case, bulletproof carriages were still be operated where available. Imperial trains were still operated occasionally, but they mainly functioned as a cordial reception for state guests, rather than transportation of the imperial family. {{Clear}} ==Morocco== The Moroccan royal train was composed of [[Budd SPV-2000|SPV-2000 railcars]] produced by [[Budd Company]] in the US and delivered in the early 1980s.<ref name="boudarham">{{cite journal | last=Boudarham | first=Mohammed | title=Nostalgie. La fabuleuse histoire du train royal | date=10 April 2009 | journal=[[TelQuel]] | url=http://www.telquel-online.com/archives/367/couverture_367.shtml | language=fr | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723224751/http://www.telquel-online.com/archives/367/couverture_367.shtml | archive-date=23 July 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The royal train consists of two self-propelled cars. After [[King Hassan II]] died, his successor, [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|King Mohammed VI]], stopped using the royal train.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phantasrail.com/royal_train.htm |title=Royal Train |access-date=3 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302112308/http://phantasrail.com/royal_train.htm |archive-date=2 March 2009 }}</ref> ==The Netherlands== [[File:Royal train to Tilburg - Netherlands (51166629299).jpg|thumb|right|Dutch royal train south of [[Dordrecht]] in 2017]] The [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen|Dutch State Railways]] (NS) uses a single royal carriage to transport the king and his family. It was ordered by the [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|Dutch royal family]] in 1991, and construction was finished in 1993. It replaced a previous two-carriage royal train built in 1930, which is currently on display in the [[Nederlands Spoorwegmuseum|Dutch Railway Museum]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/content.jsp?objectid=4520|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070214073824/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/content.jsp?objectid=4520|url-status=dead|title=Page at the official site of the Dutch Royal Family about the royal train|archivedate=14 February 2007}}</ref> In 2012 two more carriages were added to the royal train. These former first class passenger carriages were slightly modified and painted blue for use in the royal train. However, they are not available for international use, unlike the royal carriage itself, which is an [[International Coach Regulations]] carriage allowed in 16 different countries. When the king travels by train, a single (diesel) locomotive travels ahead to explore the tracks. The train itself is composed of two ordinary locomotives of the Dutch State Railways (head and tail of the train), the royal carriage itself, and, since 2012, the two slightly modified first class passenger carriages for staff, press and other guests. Before 2012, instead of the two extra carriages, two ordinary first class passenger carriages were added. Usually those carriages were the most luxurious type NS had available. {{Clear}} ==New Zealand== {{Main|Royal Train (New Zealand)}} The Royal Trains were special train carriages used by the [[New Zealand Railways Department|New Zealand Railways]] during royal visits to New Zealand between 1901 and 1954.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Atkinson |first1=Neill |title=Railways - Passenger travel |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/railways/page-7 |publisher=Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand |access-date=28 October 2018 |date=11 March 2016}}</ref> ==Norway== [[File:NSB A1K 24001.jpg|thumb|left|The former royal carriage A1 24001 outside the [[Norwegian Railway Museum]]]] The [[Norwegian Royal Train]] is a train carriage used by the [[Norwegian royal family]] and maintained by the [[Norwegian Railway Museum]]. The current carriage was introduced in 1994 in connection with the [[1994 Winter Olympics|Lillehammer Olympics]] and replaced a carriage from 1962. The current carriage contains a main sleeping compartment with dressing room and adjoining bathroom, two guest compartments, guest bathroom, kitchen, guard compartments and a combined dining and conference room.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/kongevogna-klar-for-brudeparet/65738845|title=Kongevogna klar for brudeparet|date=14 August 2001|website=dagbladet.no}}</ref> The carriage is pulled by ordinary railway locomotives and most often ordinary passenger carriages for press and other guests are added. {{Clear}} ==Romania== The Romanian Royal Train was ordered by King [[Ferdinand I of Romania]] in 1926 to [[Società Italiana Ernesto Breda|Ernesto Breda/Construzioni Meccaniche]] plants in [[Milan]]. It was delivered in 1928, one year after King Ferdinand's death. It was subsequently used by [[Queen Marie of Romania]], [[King Michael I of Romania]], [[Helen of Greece and Denmark|Queen-Mother Elena of Romania]] and [[King Carol II of Romania]]. The train is composed of one steam-engine locomotive (under restoration, for the moment) and five railway cars: the Dining Car, the King's Car, the Queen's Car, the Guests Car and the Royal House Personnel's Car. On 3 January 1948 King Michael I and his mother, Queen Elena, were forced into exile by the newly installed [[Communist]] authorities. After a thorough luggage search for values, the King left [[Romania]] (from [[Sinaia]]) for [[Austria]], in the Royal Train, with tightly closed windows and under strict supervision. The royal family was in exile until 1997, when the [[Romanian Revolution|post-1989]] government of [[Victor Ciorbea]] revoked their loss of citizenship. During the communist era, the train was used occasionally by the communist rulers of Romania, especially by [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]]. In recent years, the Royal Train was gradually renovated by [http://turismferoviar.ro/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=50 an NGO] (the old [[steam locomotive]] is still under renovation and cannot be used). On 15 October 2012, ownership of the train line reverted from the state to the ownership of [[Michael I of Romania|King Michael I]]. Starting in 2012, the Royal Train is annually used by the Romanian royal family ([[Princess Margareta of Romania|Crown Princess Margareta]], the eldest daughter and heir of King Michael) for public events, mainly trips with political and symbolic significance as well as travelling between the Balkan countries. For example, since 2013, the train has made regular trips. The first one was on 1 December (celebration of National Union of Romania) one the route [[Sinaia]], [[Bușteni]], [[Predeal]], [[Brașov]], [[Codlea]], [[Făgăraş]], [[Avrig]] and [[Sibiu]] and it was met with huge public appreciation and participation at stops; another trip was in remembrance of the royal family, Parliament and Government retreat from [[Bucharest]] to [[Iași]] in [[World War I]], during the [[Romania during World War I#The counteroffensive of the Central Powers|German occupation]] of Bucharest. The trips are met with great political and public enthusiasm as well as anticipation. [[Michael I of Romania|King Michael I of Romania]] was given a state funeral on 16 December 2017. At the conclusion of the ceremonies in Bucharest, the coffin was taken from [[Băneasa railway station|Băneasa Railway Station]] to [[Curtea de Argeș|Curtea de Argeş Railway Station]] on board the Royal Train for burial in Curtea de Argeş.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.romaniaregala.ro/jurn%20al/ziua-funeraliilor-regelui-mihai-i-al-romaniei/|title=Ziua funeraliilor Regelui Mihai I al României {{!}} Familia Regală a României / Royal Family of Romania|website=www.romaniaregala.ro|language=en|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.romaniaregala.ro/jurnal/program-of-the-funeral-of-king-michael-i-of-romania/|title=Program of the funeral of King Michael I of Romania {{!}} Familia Regală a României / Royal Family of Romania|website=www.romaniaregala.ro|language=en|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref> ==Russian Empire== [[File:Borki train disaster 1.jpg|thumb|right|Alexander III's train derailed at [[Birky, Chuhuiv Raion|Borki]], 1888]] The late [[House of Romanov|Romanov Tsars]] traveled by rail extensively over the expanse of [[Russian Empire|their empire]]. The [[Borki train disaster|catastrophic derailment]] of the Russian Royal Train on 17 October 1888 killed 21 people, however [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]], along with his wife and children, survived. After this accident, a so-called Temporary Imperial Train was composed of several surviving cars of the wrecked train, with the addition of several converted passenger cars of the [[Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway|Nikolayevskaya Railway]].<ref name="Malevinsky 1900 1">{{harvnb|Malevinsky|1900|p=1}}</ref> The emperor also had at his disposal a [[standard gauge]] Imperial Train, used for traveling to Europe; this train set was purchased by the Russian [[Ministry of the Means of Communication (Soviet Union)|Railway Ministry]] from [[Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée]] in the 1870s, and was deemed to be technologically [[obsolescence|obsolescent]].<ref name="Malevinsky 1900 1"/> Accordingly, new standard-gauge and broad-gauge trains for the use of the Imperial Court were constructed. The new broad-gauge Imperial Train for domestic travel became ready in time for the [[Khodynka Tragedy|coronation]] of [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] in 1896. Initially the train consisted of 7 cars, purpose-built at the Aleksandrovsky Railway Factory in St Petersburg. Later, the size of the train was increased to 10 cars. When the Royal family moved from one palace to another, as much as twenty cars were required just for their luggage. One of the best known aspects of the refurbished train was the Tsar's personal bathroom which boasted a bathtub that would not spill water no matter which direction the train was turning. The old "temporary" train in the meantime was transferred for use of Empress Dowager [[Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)|Maria Feodorovna]].<ref>{{harvnb|Malevinsky|1900|pp=2–4}}</ref> The Russian Empire itself came to an end with [[Nicholas II]]'s abdication in 1917 while aboard his Imperial Train at [[Dno]].<ref>{{citation |first=Edvard |last=Radzinsky |publisher=Random House LLC |year=2011 |isbn=978-0307754622 |title=The Last Tsar: The Life and Death of Nicholas II Edition unabridged, reprint |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=L3VS4Kqa_nAC&pg=PA187 |pages=187–188}}</ref> The train itself was later moved to Alexandria Park in the 1930s and used as a museum exhibition. It was later captured by the Nazis, who stripped it of much of its piping, plumbing and wiring and looted any items of value during the Second World War. In 1954, the Politburo ordered all remnants of the Imperial Train to be dismantled.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tsarnicholas.org/2021/01/12/the-fate-of-nicholas-iis-imperial-train/ | title=The fate of Nicholas II's Imperial Train | date=12 January 2021 }}</ref> {{Clear}} ==South Africa== From 5 February to 10 April 1934, [[Prince George, Duke of Kent]], toured [[South Africa]] in a special train known as The White Train.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldlive.co.za/herald/2008/11/10/news/n18_10112008.htm|title=HeraldLIVE|website=HeraldLIVE}}</ref> The three-month-long [[British royal family]] tour of South Africa in 1947 saw the ordering of eight ivory-painted air-conditioned saloons from [[United Kingdom|Britain]], three of which were built to [[Blue Train (South Africa)|Blue Train]] sleeping car standards, while the remaining five were special saloons for use by the royal family and Field Marshal [[Jan Smuts]], the South African prime minister.<ref name="Blue Train">{{Cite web|url=https://africanadrenalin.co.za/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622131839/http://africanadrenalin.co.za/BlueTrain/hist2.htm|url-status=dead|title=African Adrenalin - สร้างรายได้กับ SLOT|date=3 February 2023|archivedate=22 June 2009}}</ref> After the tour the Blue Train type saloons were painted in matching livery to serve on the Blue Train, while the remaining special saloons became part of the White Train used exclusively by the governor-general and later the president of South Africa. Part of the Royal Train is preserved in the Outeniqua Transport Museum, George, South Africa, with a SAR Class "GL" 2351 "Princess Alice" Garrett steam locomotive that actually was used to haul the White Train in 1947.<ref name="Blue Train"/> ==Sweden== [[Sweden]]'s first royal train was put into service in 1874 for the use of [[King Oscar II]]. It consisted of five cars: an audience (meeting) car, a dining car, a saloon car, a sleeping car for the King and another sleeping car for [[Queen consort]] [[Sophia of Nassau|Sophia]]. In 1891 the cars were converted to bogie-cars and put together two and two: The King's sleeping car was joined with the saloon car; the Queen's sleeping car was joined with the dining car. The audience car was not converted. The different cars were rebuilt, refurbished and replaced continuously over the years, and some of them are now on display at the [[Swedish Railway Museum]] in [[Gävle]]. The last royal train car to be built was in 1931 for [[King Gustav V]]. It was used on the King's many trips from Sweden to [[Nice]] in southern [[France]] as a through coach connected to regular trains. The King's royal car remained in use for several of his successors and was also used by the present [[King Carl XVI Gustaf]] and his family on their trips to the mountains in northern Sweden, as a through coach connected to regular trains. In the year 2001 the last royal car was taken out of regular service and is now on display at the Swedish Railway Museum, however it has been put back into service for special occasions since; the museum is connected by rail to the regular network and some of the cars on display can rather easily be brought back to service. ==United Kingdom== {{Main|British Royal Train}} [[Queen Victoria]] was the first British monarch to travel by train, on 13 June 1842, when she travelled on the [[Great Western Railway]] (GWR), which ran the line between [[Paddington railway station|London Paddington]] and [[Windsor & Eton Central railway station|Windsor]] (for [[Windsor Castle]]). She famously quoted, when the train was recording {{convert|30|mph|abbr=on}}, "This is too fast for a person to travel". Soon, other major British railway companies had their own carriage(s) dedicated for use by the royal family or other dignitaries. In 1948, upon the formation of [[British Rail]]ways, the individual regions continued to maintain their own royal train carriages. A single "Royal Train" was only formed in 1977 as a response to the demands of the [[Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II]]. This train has been maintained since the [[privatisation of British Rail]] by [[DB Cargo UK]] at [[Wolverton Works]], although the royal family has travelled on ordinary service trains more frequently in recent years to minimise costs.<ref>Royalty on the Rails ''[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]]'' issue 462 28 May 2003 pages 36-43</ref> ==Non-royal official trains== Rail transport, in the form of special [[Presidential train (disambiguation)|presidential train]]s, have been widely used by the leaders of countries that are/were not monarchies, while [[Private railroad car|private rail cars]], whether attached to regular passenger trains or not, were once used by the very rich in many countries. Presidents of the United States often traveled in [[Transportation of the President of the United States#Presidential railcars|presidential railcars]] and Soviet leaders had special trains. (One of [[Leonid Brezhnev]]'s rail cars is preserved at the Pokrovsk Station in [[Engels, Saratov Oblast|Engels City]] and [[Volodymyr Shcherbytsky]]'s car in [[Kyiv]].<ref>[http://djhooligantk.livejournal.com/518818.html Станция Покровск. Правительственный вагон-салон] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108193356/http://djhooligantk.livejournal.com/518818.html |date=8 January 2014 }} (Pokrovsk Station. Government Railcar) {{in lang|ru}}, with photos</ref>) Leaders of [[North Korea]], starting from [[Kim Il-Sung]], had their own [[North Korean leaders' trains|fleet of private trains]]. In [[Yugoslavia]], [[Josip Broz Tito]] had the [[Blue Train (Yugoslavia)|Blue Train]]. In the [[Philippines]], [[Ferdinand Marcos]] had the Presidential Carriage (PC) 286. This unit was decommissioned in 1986, but in 2020 this carriage was planned for refurbishment.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://prhsociety.files.wordpress.com/2020/03/pnr-rollingstock-v3-march-2020.pdf |title=Philippine National Railways Rolling Stock Status |publisher=Philippine Railway Historical Society|access-date=March 21, 2020}}</ref> ==See also== *[[Air transports of heads of state and government]] *[[Official state car]] *[[North Korean leaders' trains]] *[[Royal waiting room]] *[[Royal yacht]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Literature== *{{citation|title=Императорский ширококолейный поезд для путешествий по России постройки 1896 - 1897 гг. Составлено под руководством Временного Строительного Комитета по постройке Императорских поездов инженером П. Малевинским (Imperial broad-gauge train for travel in Russia, constructed in 1896-1897. Compiled by Engineer P. Malevinsky under the guidance of the Temporary Construction Committee for the Construction of Imperial Trains) |first=P (П.Малевинский)|last=Malevinsky |publisher=МПС России (Russia's Ministry of the Means of Transportation) |year=1900 |url=http://miit.ru/content/%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5.pdf?id_vf=2805|language=ru}} (Individual illustrations from this book can also be found at this page: [http://vita-life777.livejournal.com/7690.html Императорский ширококолейный поезд для путешествий по России]) ==External links== *Flickr Group : [https://www.flickr.com/search/groups/?w=2031425%40N22&m=pool&q=Royal+Train Clerestory Coaches (Railways)] with pictures of many historical royal and presidential trains, of Clerestory design. The collection includes coaches from over 20 countries, including many built during the 19th century. 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