CINXE.COM

Reach 100 million+ people in tech with Stack Overflow Advertising

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="html__responsive html__unpinned-leftnav"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://stackoverflow.com/advertising","20220201150023","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1643727623"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <title>Reach 100 million+ people in tech with Stack Overflow Advertising</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/Img/favicon.ico?v=ec617d715196"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/Img/apple-touch-icon.png?v=c78bd457575a"> <link rel="image_src" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/Img/apple-touch-icon.png?v=c78bd457575a"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Stack Overflow" href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/opensearch.xml"> <meta name="description" content="Get the word out to the world’s largest audience of developers. Advertise on Stack Overflow."/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, height=device-height, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/advertising"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Stack Overflow"/> <meta property="og:image" itemprop="image primaryImageOfPage" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Img/product/og/og-advertising.png?v=589139c660ad"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:domain" content="stackoverflow.com"/> <meta name="twitter:title" property="og:title" itemprop="name" content="Reach 100 million+ people in tech with Stack Overflow Advertising"/> <meta name="twitter:description" property="og:description" itemprop="description" content="Get the word out to the world’s largest audience of developers. Advertise on Stack Overflow."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Img/product/og/og-advertising.png?v=589139c660ad"/> <script id="webpack-public-path" type="text/uri-list">https://cdn.sstatic.net/</script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023js_/https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023js_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Js/third-party/stacks/stacks.min.js?v=b0f9a80d741d"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023js_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Js/stub.en.js?v=3c17e2ed94ca"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023cs_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Shared/stacks.css?v=db1ad041b106"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023cs_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/primary.css?v=40a34422e08d"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023cs_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/secondary.css?v=e2b7923f90eb"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023cs_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Shared/Product/product.css?v=5d2cb7680e21"> <script> var userId = 'edca11227c49c1be39e'; var domain = '.stackoverflow.com'; $.cookie('optimizelyEndUserId', userId, { domain: domain, path: '/' }); window["optimizely"] = window["optimizely"] || []; window["optimizely"].push({ type: "cookieDomain", cookieDomain: domain }); window["optimizely"].push({ type: "extendCookieLifetime", isEnabled: false }); window["optimizely"].push({ type: "addListener", filter: { type: "lifecycle", name: "activated" }, handler: function () { $.cookie('optimizelyEndUserId', null, { domain: domain, path: '/', expires: -1 }); } }); </script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023js_/https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/18723850345.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023cs_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Shared/Channels/channels.css?v=47a5e0f03c81"> <script type="application/json" data-role="module-args" data-module-name="Shared/options.mod">{"options":{"locale":"en","serverTime":1643727623,"routeName":"Product/Advertising","stackAuthUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackauth.com","networkMetaHostname":"meta.stackexchange.com","site":{"name":"Stack Overflow","description":"Q\u0026A for professional and enthusiast programmers","isNoticesTabEnabled":true,"enableNewTagCreationWarning":true,"insertSpaceAfterNameTabCompletion":false,"id":1,"cookieDomain":".stackoverflow.com","childUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://meta.stackoverflow.com","negativeVoteScoreFloor":null,"enableSocialMediaInSharePopup":true,"protocol":"https"},"user":{"fkey":"f5602452492235917a1040ba950ed3ec67bcfeaa8d5cd87d9462cf457a9e3170","tid":"48644143-5c3a-ee6d-e9a1-208aa056e201","rep":0,"isAnonymous":true,"isAnonymousNetworkWide":true},"events":{"postType":{"question":1},"postEditionSection":{"title":1,"body":2,"tags":3}},"story":{"minCompleteBodyLength":75,"likedTagsMaxLength":300,"dislikedTagsMaxLength":300},"jobPreferences":{"maxNumDeveloperRoles":2,"maxNumIndustries":4},"svgIconPath":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Img/stacks-icons","svgIconHash":"cc5b3e0efea0"}}</script> <script type="application/json" data-role="module-args" data-module-name="Shared/settings.mod">{"settings":{"userProfile":{"openGraphAPIKey":"4a307e43-b625-49bb-af15-ffadf2bda017"},"userMessaging":{"showNewFeatureNotice":true},"tags":{},"subscriptions":{"defaultBasicMaxTrueUpSeats":250,"defaultFreemiumMaxTrueUpSeats":50,"defaultMaxTrueUpSeats":1000},"snippets":{"renderDomain":"stacksnippets.net","snippetsEnabled":true},"site":{"allowImageUploads":true,"enableImgurHttps":true,"enableUserHovercards":true,"forceHttpsImages":true,"styleCode":true},"questions":{"enableQuestionTitleLengthLiveWarning":true,"maxTitleSize":150,"questionTitleLengthStartLiveWarningChars":50},"intercom":{"appId":"inf0secd","hostBaseUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stacksnippets.net"},"paths":{},"monitoring":{"clientTimingsAbsoluteTimeout":30000,"clientTimingsDebounceTimeout":1000},"mentions":{"maxNumUsersInDropdown":50},"markdown":{"enableTables":true},"legal":{"oneTrustConfigId":"c3d9f1e3-55f3-4eba-b268-46cee4c6789c"},"flags":{"allowRetractingCommentFlags":true,"allowRetractingFlags":true},"elections":{"opaVoteResultsBaseUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://www.opavote.com/results/"},"comments":{},"accounts":{"currentPasswordRequiredForChangingStackIdPassword":true}}}</script> <script>StackExchange.init();</script> </partial> <script> StackExchange.using.setCacheBreakers({"js/adops.en.js":"6da43f5e0a84","js/ask.en.js":"7ff9a9068fd6","js/begin-edit-event.en.js":"dd955babf04d","js/copy-transpiled.en.js":"661aa148edd8","js/events.en.js":"716b95b6374c","js/explore-qlist.en.js":"2b1f34938b8b","js/full-anon.en.js":"fc4f32f92cef","js/full.en.js":"ad93233aac45","js/highlightjs-loader.en.js":"0026055c3561","js/inline-tag-editing.en.js":"c0cbc31e5702","js/keyboard-shortcuts.en.js":"7de4e127b6af","js/markdown-it-loader.en.js":"dfad6619ffdd","js/mobile.en.js":"320aa423a438","js/moderator.en.js":"e1458eaf3eeb","js/postCollections-transpiled.en.js":"7a6f4bf9c716","js/post-validation.en.js":"c1c93bd57a54","js/question-editor.en.js":"","js/review-v2-transpiled.en.js":"da1cbde2c295","js/revisions.en.js":"839f528889ff","js/stacks-editor.en.js":"1624732bc7cf","js/tageditor.en.js":"825c9597ce2d","js/tageditornew.en.js":"5215bc97928a","js/tagsuggestions.en.js":"1bcff7d98f97","js/unlimited-transpiled.en.js":"7ed67670b600","js/wmd.en.js":"dec2bef2ad7c","js/snippet-javascript-codemirror.en.js":"209508902bf4"}); StackExchange.using("gps", function() { StackExchange.gps.init(false); }); </script> <noscript id="noscript-css"><style>body,.top-bar{margin-top:1.9em}</style></noscript> </head> <body class="unified-theme pt0"> <div id="notify-container"></div> <div id="custom-header"></div> <div class="container wmx100 w100 p-ff-source"> <div id="left-sidebar" data-is-here-when="" class="left-sidebar js-pinned-left-sidebar ps-relative"> <div class="left-sidebar--sticky-container js-sticky-leftnav"> <nav role="navigation"> <ol class="nav-links"> <li class="ps-relative"> <a href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/" class="pl8 js-gps-track nav-links--link" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:0, destination:8})" aria-controls="" data-controller="" data-s-popover-placement="right" data-s-popover-auto-show="true" data-s-popover-hide-on-outside-click="never"> <div class="d-flex ai-center"> <div class="flex--item truncate"> Home </div> </div> </a> </li> <li> <ol class="nav-links"> <li class="fs-fine tt-uppercase ml8 mt16 mb4 fc-light">Public</li> <li class="ps-relative"> <a id="nav-questions" href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/questions" class="pl8 js-gps-track nav-links--link -link__with-icon" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:0, destination:1})" aria-controls="" data-controller="" data-s-popover-placement="right" data-s-popover-auto-show="true" data-s-popover-hide-on-outside-click="never"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconGlobe" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M9 1C4.64 1 1 4.64 1 9c0 4.36 3.64 8 8 8 4.36 0 8-3.64 8-8 0-4.36-3.64-8-8-8ZM8 15.32a6.46 6.46 0 0 1-4.3-2.74 6.46 6.46 0 0 1-.93-5.01L7 11.68v.8c0 .88.12 1.32 1 1.32v1.52Zm5.72-2c-.2-.66-1-1.32-1.72-1.32h-1v-2c0-.44-.56-1-1-1H6V7h1c.44 0 1-.56 1-1V5h2c.88 0 1.4-.72 1.4-1.6v-.33a6.45 6.45 0 0 1 3.83 4.51 6.45 6.45 0 0 1-1.51 5.73v.01Z"/></svg> <span class="-link--channel-name">Questions</span> </a> </li> <li class="ps-relative"> <a id="nav-tags" href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/tags" class=" js-gps-track nav-links--link" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:0, destination:2})" aria-controls="" data-controller="" data-s-popover-placement="right" data-s-popover-auto-show="true" data-s-popover-hide-on-outside-click="never"> <div class="d-flex ai-center"> <div class="flex--item truncate"> Tags </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="ps-relative"> <a id="nav-users" href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/users" class=" js-gps-track nav-links--link" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:0, destination:3})" aria-controls="" data-controller="" data-s-popover-placement="right" data-s-popover-auto-show="true" data-s-popover-hide-on-outside-click="never"> <div class="d-flex ai-center"> <div class="flex--item truncate"> Users </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="d-flex ml8 mt16 mb4 jc-space-between"> <div class="flex--item tt-uppercase tt-uppercase fs-fine fc-light">Collectives</div> <div class="flex--item fs-fine fc-light"> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="s-link s-link__inherit mr8 js-gps-track" role="button" aria-controls="popover-discover-collectives" data-controller="s-popover" data-action="s-popover#toggle" data-s-popover-placement="top" data-s-popover-toggle-class="is-selected" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:0, destination:17})"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconInfoSm" width="14" height="14" viewbox="0 0 14 14"><path d="M7 1a6 6 0 1 1 0 12A6 6 0 0 1 7 1Zm1 10V6H6v5h2Zm0-6V3H6v2h2Z"/></svg> </a> </div> </li> <li class="ps-relative"> <a id="nav-collective-discover" href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/collectives" class="pl8 ai-center js-gps-track nav-links--link -link__with-icon" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:0, destination:18})" aria-controls="" data-controller="" data-s-popover-placement="right" data-s-popover-auto-show="true" data-s-popover-hide-on-outside-click="never"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="mt-auto fc-orange-400 svg-icon iconStarVerified" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M9.86.89a1.14 1.14 0 0 0-1.72 0l-.5.58c-.3.35-.79.48-1.23.33l-.72-.25a1.14 1.14 0 0 0-1.49.85l-.14.76c-.1.45-.45.8-.9.9l-.76.14c-.67.14-1.08.83-.85 1.49l.25.72c.15.44.02.92-.33 1.23l-.58.5a1.14 1.14 0 0 0 0 1.72l.58.5c.35.3.48.79.33 1.23l-.25.72c-.23.66.18 1.35.85 1.49l.76.14c.45.1.8.45.9.9l.14.76c.14.67.83 1.08 1.49.85l.72-.25c.44-.15.92-.02 1.23.33l.5.58c.46.52 1.26.52 1.72 0l.5-.58c.3-.35.79-.48 1.23-.33l.72.25c.66.23 1.35-.18 1.49-.85l.14-.76c.1-.45.45-.8.9-.9l.76-.14c.67-.14 1.08-.83.85-1.49l-.25-.72c-.15-.44-.02-.92.33-1.23l.58-.5c.52-.46.52-1.26 0-1.72l-.58-.5c-.35-.3-.48-.79-.33-1.23l.25-.72a1.14 1.14 0 0 0-.85-1.49l-.76-.14c-.45-.1-.8-.45-.9-.9l-.14-.76a1.14 1.14 0 0 0-1.49-.85l-.72.25c-.44.15-.92.02-1.23-.33l-.5-.58Zm-.49 2.67L10.6 6.6c.05.15.19.24.34.25l3.26.22c.36.03.5.48.23.71l-2.5 2.1a.4.4 0 0 0-.14.4l.8 3.16a.4.4 0 0 1-.6.44L9.2 12.13a.4.4 0 0 0-.42 0l-2.77 1.74a.4.4 0 0 1-.6-.44l.8-3.16a.4.4 0 0 0-.13-.4l-2.5-2.1a.4.4 0 0 1 .22-.7l3.26-.23a.4.4 0 0 0 .34-.25l1.22-3.03a.4.4 0 0 1 .74 0Z"/></svg> <span class="-link--channel-name">Explore Collectives</span> </a> </li> <li class="fs-fine tt-uppercase ml8 mt16 mb4 fc-light">Find a Job</li> <li class="ps-relative"> <a id="nav-jobs" href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/jobs?so_medium=StackOverflow&amp;so_source=SiteNav" class=" js-gps-track nav-links--link" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:0, destination:6})" aria-controls="" data-controller="" data-s-popover-placement="right" data-s-popover-auto-show="true" data-s-popover-hide-on-outside-click="never"> <div class="d-flex ai-center"> <div class="flex--item truncate"> Jobs </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="ps-relative"> <a id="nav-companies" href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/jobs/companies?so_medium=StackOverflow&amp;so_source=SiteNav" class=" js-gps-track nav-links--link" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:0, destination:12})" aria-controls="" data-controller="" data-s-popover-placement="right" data-s-popover-auto-show="true" data-s-popover-hide-on-outside-click="never"> <div class="d-flex ai-center"> <div class="flex--item truncate"> Companies </div> </div> </a> </li> </ol> </li> <li> <ol class="nav-links"> <div class="js-freemium-cta ps-relative"> <div class="fs-fine tt-uppercase ml8 mt16 mb8 fc-light">Teams</div> <div class="px32 pt16 pb0 fc-black-600 blr-sm overflow-hidden"> <strong class="fc-black-750 mb6">Stack Overflow for Teams</strong> – Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. <img class="wmx100 mx-auto my8 h-auto d-block" width="139" height="114" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Img/teams/teams-illo-free-sidebar-promo.svg?v=47faa659a05e" alt=""> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/teams/create/free?utm_source=so-owned&amp;utm_medium=side-bar&amp;utm_campaign=campaign-38&amp;utm_content=cta" class="w100 s-btn s-btn__primary s-btn__xs js-gps-track" data-gps-track="teams.create.left-sidenav.click({ Action: 6 })" data-ga="[&quot;teams left navigation - anonymous&quot;,&quot;left nav free cta&quot;,&quot;stackoverflow.com/teams/create/free&quot;,null,null]">Create a free Team</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/teams" class="w100 s-btn s-btn__muted s-btn__xs js-gps-track" data-gps-track="teams.create.left-sidenav.click({ Action: 5 })" data-ga="[&quot;teams left navigation - anonymous&quot;,&quot;left nav free cta&quot;,&quot;stackoverflow.com/teams&quot;,null,null]">What is Teams?</a> </div> </div> <li class="d-flex ai-center jc-space-between ml8 mt24 mb4 js-create-team-cta d-none"> <div class="flex--item tt-uppercase fs-fine fc-light">Teams</div> <div class="flex--item"> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="s-link p12 fc-black-500 h:fc-black-800 js-gps-track" role="button" aria-controls="popover-teams-create-cta" data-controller="s-popover" data-action="s-popover#toggle" data-s-popover-placement="bottom-start" data-s-popover-toggle-class="is-selected" data-gps-track="teams.create.left-sidenav.click({ Action: ShowInfo })" data-ga="[&quot;teams left navigation - anonymous&quot;,&quot;left nav show teams info&quot;,null,null,null]"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconInfoSm" width="14" height="14" viewbox="0 0 14 14"><path d="M7 1a6 6 0 1 1 0 12A6 6 0 0 1 7 1Zm1 10V6H6v5h2Zm0-6V3H6v2h2Z"/></svg> </a> </div> </li> <li class="ps-relative js-create-team-cta d-none"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/teams/create/free?utm_source=so-owned&amp;utm_medium=side-bar&amp;utm_campaign=campaign-38&amp;utm_content=cta" class="pl8 js-gps-track nav-links--link" title="Stack Overflow for Teams is a private, secure spot for your organization's questions and answers." data-gps-track="teams.create.left-sidenav.click({ Action: FreemiumTeamsCreateClick })" data-ga="[&quot;teams left navigation - anonymous&quot;,&quot;left nav team click&quot;,&quot;stackoverflow.com/teams/create/free&quot;,null,null]"> <div class="d-flex ai-center"> <div class="flex--item s-avatar va-middle bg-orange-400"> <div class="s-avatar--letter mtn1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconBriefcaseSm" width="14" height="14" viewbox="0 0 14 14"><path d="M4 3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h4a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h.5c.83 0 1.5.67 1.5 1.5v5c0 .83-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5h-7A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 2 10.5v-5C2 4.67 2.67 4 3.5 4H4V3Zm5 1V3H5v1h4Z"/></svg> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="native s-avatar--badge svg-icon iconShieldXSm" width="9" height="10" viewbox="0 0 9 10"><path d="M0 1.84 4.5 0 9 1.84v3.17C9 7.53 6.3 10 4.5 10 2.7 10 0 7.53 0 5.01V1.84Z" fill="var(--white)"/><path d="M1 2.5 4.5 1 8 2.5v2.51C8 7.34 5.34 9 4.5 9 3.65 9 1 7.34 1 5.01V2.5Zm2.98 3.02L3.2 7h2.6l-.78-1.48a.4.4 0 0 1 .15-.38c.34-.24.73-.7.73-1.14 0-.71-.5-1.23-1.41-1.23-.92 0-1.39.52-1.39 1.23 0 .44.4.9.73 1.14.12.08.18.23.15.38Z" fill="var(--black-500)"/></svg> </div> <div class="flex--item pl6"> Create free Team </div> </div> </a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> <div class="s-popover ws2" id="popover-discover-collectives" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="s-popover--arrow"></div> <div> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fc-orange-500 float-right ml24 svg-spot spotCollective" width="48" height="48" viewbox="0 0 48 48"><path d="M25.5 7a2.5 2.5 0 1 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5ZM14 18.25c0-.69.56-1.25 1.25-1.25h22.5c.69 0 1.25.56 1.25 1.25V37.5a1 1 0 0 1-1.6.8l-4.07-3.05a1.25 1.25 0 0 0-.75-.25H15.25c-.69 0-1.25-.56-1.25-1.25v-15.5ZM7 24.5a2.5 2.5 0 1 1-5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 5 0ZM25.5 48a2.5 2.5 0 1 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5ZM48 24.5a2.5 2.5 0 1 1-5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 5 0Z" opacity=".2"/><path d="M21 3.5a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 7 0 3.5 3.5 0 0 1-7 0ZM24.5 2a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0 3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0-3ZM0 23.5a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 7 0 3.5 3.5 0 0 1-7 0ZM3.5 22a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0 3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0-3ZM21 44.5a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 7 0 3.5 3.5 0 0 1-7 0Zm3.5-1.5a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0 3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0-3Zm20-23a3.5 3.5 0 1 0 0 7 3.5 3.5 0 0 0 0-7ZM43 23.5a1.5 1.5 0 1 1 3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1-3 0Zm-23.23-3.14a1 1 0 0 1-.13 1.4l-2.08 1.74 2.08 1.73a1 1 0 1 1-1.28 1.54l-2.42-2.02a1.63 1.63 0 0 1 0-2.5l2.42-2.02a1 1 0 0 1 1.4.13Zm7.59 1.41a1 1 0 1 1 1.28-1.54l2.42 2.02c.78.65.78 1.85 0 2.5l-2.42 2.02a1 1 0 1 1-1.28-1.54l2.08-1.73-2.08-1.73ZM24.12 18a1 1 0 0 1 .87 1.12l-1 8a1 1 0 1 1-1.98-.24l1-8a1 1 0 0 1 1.11-.87Zm-11.87-5C11.01 13 10 14 10 15.25v15.5c0 1.24 1 2.25 2.25 2.25h17.33c.06 0 .11.02.15.05l4.07 3.05a2 2 0 0 0 3.2-1.6V15.25c0-1.24-1-2.25-2.25-2.25h-22.5ZM12 15.25c0-.14.11-.25.25-.25h22.5c.14 0 .25.11.25.25V34.5l-4.07-3.05a2.2 2.2 0 0 0-1.35-.45H12.25a.25.25 0 0 1-.25-.25v-15.5Zm7.24-10.68a1 1 0 1 0-.48-1.94A22.04 22.04 0 0 0 2.91 17.7a1 1 0 1 0 1.92.58 20.04 20.04 0 0 1 14.4-13.72Zm11.05-1.66a1 1 0 0 0-.58 1.92c6.45 1.92 11.54 7 13.46 13.46a1 1 0 1 0 1.92-.58 22.05 22.05 0 0 0-14.8-14.8ZM4.57 28.76a1 1 0 0 0-1.94.48 22.03 22.03 0 0 0 16.13 16.13 1 1 0 1 0 .48-1.94A20.03 20.03 0 0 1 4.57 28.76Zm40.8.48a1 1 0 1 0-1.94-.48 20.04 20.04 0 0 1-13.72 14.41 1 1 0 0 0 .58 1.92 22.04 22.04 0 0 0 15.08-15.85Z"/></svg> <div class="pt4 fw-bold">Collectives on Stack Overflow</div> <p class="my16 fs-caption fc-medium">Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most.</p> <a href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/collectives" class="js-gps-track s-btn s-btn__primary s-btn__xs" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:0, destination:18})"> Learn more </a> </div> </div> <div class="s-popover" id="popover-teams-create-cta" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="s-popover--arrow"></div> <div class="ps-relative overflow-hidden"> <p class="mb2"><strong>Teams</strong></p> <p class="mb12 fs-caption fc-black-400">Q&amp;A for work</p> <p class="mb12 fs-caption fc-medium">Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.</p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/teams" class="js-gps-track s-btn s-btn__primary s-btn__xs" data-gps-track="teams.create.left-sidenav.click({ Action: CtaClick })" data-ga="[&quot;teams left navigation - anonymous&quot;,&quot;left nav cta&quot;,&quot;stackoverflow.com/teams&quot;,null,null]"> Learn more </a> </div> <div class="ps-absolute t8 r8"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="fc-orange-500 svg-spot spotPeople" width="48" height="48" viewbox="0 0 48 48"><path d="M13.5 28a4.5 4.5 0 1 0 0-9 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 0 9ZM7 30a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v5h11v-5a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h12a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v10a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H33v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H20a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-5H8a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V30Zm25-6.5a4.5 4.5 0 1 0 9 0 4.5 4.5 0 0 0-9 0ZM24.5 34a4.5 4.5 0 1 0 0-9 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 0 9Z" opacity=".2"/><path d="M16.4 26.08A6 6 0 1 0 7.53 26C5.64 26.06 4 27.52 4 29.45V40a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h9a1 1 0 1 0 0-2h-4v-7a1 1 0 1 0-2 0v7H6v-9.55c0-.73.67-1.45 1.64-1.45H16a1 1 0 0 0 .4-1.92ZM12 18a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Zm16.47 14a6 6 0 1 0-8.94 0A3.6 3.6 0 0 0 16 35.5V46a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h14a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V35.5c0-1.94-1.64-3.42-3.53-3.5ZM20 28a4 4 0 1 1 8 0 4 4 0 0 1-8 0Zm-.3 6h8.6c1 0 1.7.75 1.7 1.5V45h-2v-7a1 1 0 1 0-2 0v7h-4v-7a1 1 0 1 0-2 0v7h-2v-9.5c0-.75.7-1.5 1.7-1.5ZM42 22c0 1.54-.58 2.94-1.53 4A3.5 3.5 0 0 1 44 29.45V40a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-9a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h4v-7a1 1 0 1 1 2 0v7h2v-9.55A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 40.48 28H32a1 1 0 0 1-.4-1.92A6 6 0 1 1 42 22Zm-2 0a4 4 0 1 0-8 0 4 4 0 0 0 8 0Z"/><g opacity=".35"><path d="M17 10a1 1 0 011-1h12a1 1 0 110 2H18a1 1 0 01-1-1Zm1-5a1 1 0 100 2h12a1 1 0 100-2H18ZM14 1a1 1 0 00-1 1v12a1 1 0 001 1h5.09l4.2 4.2a1 1 0 001.46-.04l3.7-4.16H34a1 1 0 001-1V2a1 1 0 00-1-1H14Zm1 12V3h18v10h-5a1 1 0 00-.75.34l-3.3 3.7-3.74-3.75a1 1 0 00-.71-.29H15Z"/></g></svg> </div> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="wmx100 w100 p0 bg-black-025 snippet-hidden"> <div class="p-wrapper bar0 py12 d-flex ai-start mx-auto fs-body2 overflow-x-auto" id="product-main-nav"> <a href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/" data-ga="[&quot;top navigation&quot;,&quot;products menu click&quot;,&quot;homepage&quot;,null,null]" class="flex--item mr16"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="native va-middle svg-icon iconLogoGlyph" width="25" height="30" viewbox="0 0 25 30"><path d="M21 27v-8h3v11H0V19h3v8h18Z" fill="#BCBBBB"/><path d="M17.1.2 15 1.8l7.9 10.6 2.1-1.6L17.1.2Zm3.7 14.7L10.6 6.4l1.7-2 10.2 8.5-1.7 2ZM7.2 12.3l12 5.6 1.1-2.4-12-5.6-1.1 2.4Zm-1.8 6.8 13.56 1.96.17-2.38-13.26-2.55-.47 2.97ZM19 25H5v-3h14v3Z" fill="#F48024"/></svg> </a> <nav class="flex--item as-center ws-nowrap fl1"> <a class="d-inline-block fc-black-600 h:fc-black-900 px8" href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/teams"><span class=" " data-ga="[&quot;top navigation&quot;,&quot;products menu click&quot;,&quot;teams&quot;,null,null]">Teams</span></a> <a class="d-inline-block fc-black-600 h:fc-black-900 px8" href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/talent"><span class="" data-ga="[&quot;top navigation&quot;,&quot;products menu click&quot;,&quot;talent&quot;,null,null]">Talent</span></a> <a class="d-inline-block fc-black-600 h:fc-black-900 px8" href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/advertising"><span class="bb pb2 bc-black-075 h:fc-black-900" data-ga="[&quot;top navigation&quot;,&quot;products menu click&quot;,&quot;advertising&quot;,null,null]">Advertising</span></a> <a class="d-inline-block fc-black-600 h:fc-black-900 px8" href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/collectives-on-stack-overflow"><span class="" data-ga="[&quot;top navigation&quot;,&quot;products menu click&quot;,&quot;collectives-on-stack-overflow&quot;,null,null]">Collectives</span></a> </nav> <nav class="as-center md:d-none"> <a href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/company" class="d-inline-block fc-black-600 h:fc-black-900 px8" data-ga="[&quot;top navigation&quot;,&quot;products menu click&quot;,&quot;company&quot;,null,null]">About</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.blog/" class="d-inline-block lg:d-none fc-black-600 h:fc-black-900 px8" data-ga="[&quot;top navigation&quot;,&quot;products menu click&quot;,&quot;blog&quot;,null,null]">Blog</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.blog/newsletter" class="d-inline-block lg:d-none fc-black-600 h:fc-black-900 px8" data-ga="[&quot;top navigation&quot;,&quot;products menu click&quot;,&quot;newsletter&quot;,null,null]">Newsletter</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.blog/podcast" class="d-inline-block lg:d-none fc-black-600 h:fc-black-900 px8" data-ga="[&quot;top navigation&quot;,&quot;products menu click&quot;,&quot;podcast&quot;,null,null]">Podcast</a> <a href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/questions" class="d-inline-block fc-black-600 h:fc-black-900 pl16 ml8 bl bc-black-075 " data-ga="[&quot;top navigation&quot;,&quot;products menu click&quot;,&quot;questions&quot;,null,null]"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="va-middle mr4 svg-icon iconQuestion" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18"><path d="m4 14-3 3V3c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h12c1.09 0 2 .91 2 2v9c0 1.09-.91 2-2 2H4Zm7.75-3.97c.72-.83.98-1.86.98-2.94 0-1.65-.7-3.22-2.3-3.83a4.41 4.41 0 0 0-3.02 0 3.8 3.8 0 0 0-2.32 3.83c0 1.29.35 2.29 1.03 3a3.8 3.8 0 0 0 2.85 1.07c.62 0 1.2-.11 1.71-.34.65.44 1 .68 1.06.7.23.13.46.23.7.3l.59-1.13a5.2 5.2 0 0 1-1.28-.66Zm-1.27-.9a5.4 5.4 0 0 0-1.5-.8l-.45.9c.33.12.66.29.98.5-.2.07-.42.11-.65.11-.61 0-1.12-.23-1.52-.68-.86-1-.86-3.12 0-4.11.8-.9 2.35-.9 3.15 0 .9 1.01.86 3.03-.01 4.08Z"/></svg> Back to Stack Overflow </a> </nav> </div> <div class="ps-sticky sm:ps-static tn2 z-nav-fixed d-flex p-wrapper btr-lg py16 fl1 sm:fd-column flex__fl-grow1 bg-white fs-body2 mx-auto" id="product-lob-nav"> <nav class="s-navigation s-navigation__muted mln16 p-nav-audience w100 sm:w-auto"> <a class="s-navigation--item" href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/advertising" data-ga="[&quot;business launch traffic&quot;,&quot;submenu click&quot;,&quot;advertising | overview&quot;,null,null]">Overview</a> <a class="s-navigation--item " href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/advertising/audience" data-ga="[&quot;business launch traffic&quot;,&quot;submenu click&quot;,&quot;advertising | target audience&quot;,null,null]">Audience</a> <a class="s-navigation--item " href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/advertising/solutions" advertising solutions>Solutions</a> <a class="s-navigation--item" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflowsolutions.com/advertising" data-ga="[&quot;business launch traffic&quot;,&quot;submenu click&quot;,&quot;advertising | resources&quot;,null,null]">Resources</a> </nav> <div class="jc-end ai-center fl0 d-flex ml-auto sm:w100 as-center sm:bt bc-black-050 sm:mt16 sm:pt16 ws-nowrap"> Ready to get started? <a class="ml16 ta-center py6 px12 bar-md fc-black-900 p-ff-source-bold p-bg-yellow d:fc-white h:p-bg-yellow-tint ws-nowrap" href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/advertising/contact" data-ga="[&quot;business launch traffic&quot;,&quot;submenu click&quot;,&quot;advertising | contact&quot;,null,null]">Get in touch</a> </div> </div> <script> var nav = document.getElementById('product-lob-nav'); var mainNav = document.getElementById('product-main-nav'); var handler = function(entries) { if (!entries[0].isIntersecting) { nav.classList.add('js-is-sticky'); } else { nav.classList.remove('js-is-sticky'); } } var observer = new window.IntersectionObserver(handler); observer.observe(mainNav); </script> <div class="p-wrapper p-s-header p-s-header__audience mx-auto bg-white fs-body2"> <div class="d-flex md:fd-column ai-end md:ai-start sm:ai-stretch fw-wrap"> <div class="flex--item6"> <h1 class="bg-white bar-lg p-fc-blue fs-display1 lh-sm p-ff-roboto-slab-bold wmx4 mb24">Reach 100 million+ people in tech</h1> <p class="bg-white bar-lg fs-subheading fc-black-600 mb32 wmx5">Get the word out to the world’s largest audience of developers and technologists. Advertise with Stack Overflow.</p> <a href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/advertising/audience" class="s-btn fs-body2 px32 bar-md p-bg-blue h:bg-blue-800 fc-white p-ff-source-bold sm:mb8" data-ga="[&quot;ads landing&quot;,&quot;header cta&quot;,&quot;Audience | About our audience&quot;,null,null]">About our audience</a> </div> <div class="flex--item p-fc-blue mt32 ml-auto sm:ml0 wmx100"> <div data-controller="so-modal"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XtwS2Ju76Y" data-youtube="6XtwS2Ju76Y" class="js-youtube sm:w100 s-card p6 pl16 bar-md fs-body2 bs-sm ws-nowrap d-flex ai-center" style="color:inherit" data-ga="[&quot;business launch traffic&quot;,&quot;video cta&quot;,&quot;Product landing | 6XtwS2Ju76Y&quot;,null,null]"> <svg height="37" viewbox="0 0 37 37" width="37" class="va-middle mr12 ml4 flex--item"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m18.5 37c10.2173 0 18.5-8.2827 18.5-18.5 0-10.21727-8.2827-18.5-18.5-18.5-10.21727 0-18.5 8.28273-18.5 18.5 0 10.2173 8.28273 18.5 18.5 18.5zm-1.8334-25.3051c-1.2394-.8221-2.8953.0665-2.8953 1.5537v5.2214 5.2214c0 1.4873 1.6559 2.3759 2.8953 1.5537l7.8705-5.2214c1.1117-.7375 1.1117-2.3699 0-3.1074z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <div class="flex--item mr24 p-ff-source-bold">Play introduction video</div> <div class="flex--item va-middle overflow-hidden bar-md ml-auto"> <img class="d-block" height="65" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Img/product/videos/6XtwS2Ju76Y.jpg?v=7c651bfc54e6" alt="Introduction video thumbnail"> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-wrapper mx-auto bg-white fs-body2 pb48"> <div class="d-flex flex__center md:fd-column ai-center gs32 mx-auto p32 ta-center bg-black-050 bar-lg"> <img class="flex--item" width="130" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Img/product/teams/logos/twilio.svg?v=ab2a1256dbae" alt="Twilio"> <h3 class="flex--item fs-title p-ff-roboto-slab">See how Twilio is getting developers’ attention the right way.</h3> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflowsolutions.com/topic/client-stories/case-study-twilio" target="_blank" class="flex--item s-btn s-btn__outlined fs-body2 px32 bar-md p-ff-source-bold">Read case study</a> </div> </div> <div class="p-wrapper mx-auto bg-white fs-body2 "> <div class="d-flex flex__allitems4 lg:gs48 gs24 md:fd-column fs-subheading lh-md fc-black-600 py64"> <div class="flex--item d-flex d:bg-black-900 ba bc-black-050 bar-lg p32 ai-center"> <div class="flex--item mr24"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="p-fc-blue svg-spot spotBullhorn" width="48" height="48" viewbox="0 0 48 48"><path d="M33 42.84 7.17 31.28A2 2 0 0 1 6 29.46v-7.34l27.03-12a2.97 2.97 0 0 1 5.9.41v32.38a2.97 2.97 0 0 1-5.93 0v-.07Zm14.8-29.98c.4.65.18 1.5-.47 1.89l-5.32 3.2a1.38 1.38 0 0 1-1.42-2.35l5.32-3.2c.65-.4 1.5-.19 1.89.46Zm0 20.26c.4-.65.18-1.5-.47-1.88l-5.32-3.2a1.38 1.38 0 1 0-1.42 2.35l5.32 3.2c.65.4 1.5.18 1.89-.47ZM39.92 23c0 .76.62 1.38 1.38 1.38h5.3a1.37 1.37 0 1 0 0-2.75h-5.3c-.76 0-1.38.61-1.38 1.37Z" opacity=".2"/><path d="M25.29 14.65a1 1 0 0 1-.5 1.32l-5.29 2.34a1 1 0 0 1-.83-1.82l5.3-2.34a1 1 0 0 1 1.32.5Zm4.28-.83a1 1 0 0 0-.82-1.83l-.9.41a1 1 0 0 0 .8 1.82l.92-.4ZM32 6.35A3.4 3.4 0 0 1 35.5 3 3.4 3.4 0 0 1 39 6.38v33.24A3.4 3.4 0 0 1 35.5 43a3.4 3.4 0 0 1-3.5-3.35L15.45 32.3l1.9 6.34a3.88 3.88 0 0 1-3.71 5.04 3.5 3.5 0 0 1-2.5-.99 3.76 3.76 0 0 1-1.25-2.36L8.07 29.01 7 28.54V29a1 1 0 0 1-1.4.92l-4-1.72a1 1 0 0 1-.6-.91V18.7a1 1 0 0 1 .6-.91l4-1.72A1 1 0 0 1 7 17v.46L32 6.35Zm2 .03v33.24c0 .75.59 1.38 1.5 1.38s1.5-.63 1.5-1.38V6.38C37 5.63 36.41 5 35.5 5S34 5.63 34 6.38Zm-2 2.16L7 19.65v6.7l25 11.11V8.54ZM5 18.52l-2 .85v7.26l2 .85v-8.96Zm5.25 11.46 1.62 10.06v.05a1.76 1.76 0 0 0 .67 1.17c.26.26.62.42 1.1.42 1.27 0 2.16-1.17 1.8-2.48l-2.4-7.97-2.79-1.25Z"/></svg> </div> <h3 class="fs-title flex--item fc-black-700 d:fc-white p-ff-source-bold mb0 d-inline-block">Promote your product</h3> </div> <div class="flex--item d-flex d:bg-black-900 ba bc-black-050 bar-lg p32 ai-center"> <div class="flex--item mr24"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="p-fc-blue svg-spot spotGauge" width="48" height="48" viewbox="0 0 48 48"><path opacity=".2" d="M26.5 45a18.5 18.5 0 1 0 0-37 18.5 18.5 0 0 0 0 37Z"/><path d="M24 9c.52 0 .95.42.95.94v1.3a.95.95 0 0 1-1.9 0v-1.3c0-.52.43-.95.95-.95Zm13.06 14.15a.95.95 0 1 0 0 1.9h1.28a.95.95 0 0 0 0-1.9h-1.28Zm-28.03.95c0-.52.42-.95.95-.95h1.29a.95.95 0 0 1 0 1.9h-1.3a.95.95 0 0 1-.94-.95Zm26.34-9.33a.95.95 0 0 0-1.32-1.37l-1.04 1a.95.95 0 1 0 1.32 1.38l1.04-1Zm-21.71-1.35a.95.95 0 0 1 1.34 0l1 1a.95.95 0 1 1-1.34 1.34l-1-1a.95.95 0 0 1 0-1.34Zm17.15-1.76a.95.95 0 0 0-1.7-.85l-.64 1.28a.95.95 0 0 0 1.7.85l.64-1.28Zm4.43 17.17a.95.95 0 0 1 1.27-.43l1.29.64a.95.95 0 0 1-.85 1.7l-1.29-.64a.95.95 0 0 1-.42-1.27ZM11.56 18.07a.95.95 0 0 0-.85 1.7l1.3.65a.95.95 0 0 0 .84-1.7l-1.29-.65Zm26.18.46a.95.95 0 0 1-.42 1.27l-1.3.65a.95.95 0 0 1-.84-1.7l1.29-.65a.95.95 0 0 1 1.27.43ZM13.14 30.1a.95.95 0 0 0-.85-1.7l-1.29.64a.95.95 0 1 0 .85 1.7l1.29-.64Zm4.87-19.76a.95.95 0 0 1 1.28.42l.64 1.29a.95.95 0 1 1-1.7.85l-.64-1.29a.95.95 0 0 1 .42-1.27Zm14.71 10.47a1 1 0 0 0-1.16-1.62l-6.66 4.76a2.2 2.2 0 0 0-2.93 2.27l-.52.35a1 1 0 0 0 1.1 1.66l.47-.31a2.2 2.2 0 0 0 3.27-2.51l6.43-4.6Zm-8.75 5.23a.2.2 0 1 1 .41 0 .2.2 0 0 1-.41 0ZM15 31a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h17a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v4a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H16a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-4Zm2 1v2h15v-2H17Zm3 7a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2Zm5-1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Zm3 1a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2Zm-3.34-23.28a8.05 8.05 0 0 0-7.94 8.1c0 1.06.18 2.01.53 2.92a.72.72 0 0 1-1.33.52 9.26 9.26 0 0 1-.64-3.43c0-5.25 4.2-9.55 9.38-9.55 1.74 0 3.43.49 4.81 1.35a.72.72 0 1 1-.76 1.22 7.68 7.68 0 0 0-4.05-1.13Zm-2.42 4.35a7.04 7.04 0 0 1 2.3-.35c.93 0 1.86.18 2.65.49a.72.72 0 0 0 .53-1.33 8.71 8.71 0 0 0-3.19-.6c-.93 0-1.9.13-2.77.43a.72.72 0 1 0 .48 1.36ZM24 5a19 19 0 1 0 0 38 19 19 0 0 0 0-38ZM7 24a17 17 0 1 1 34 0 17 17 0 0 1-34 0ZM24 1a23 23 0 1 0 0 46 23 23 0 0 0 0-46ZM3 24a21 21 0 1 1 42 0 21 21 0 0 1-42 0Z"/></svg> </div> <h3 class="fs-title flex--item fc-black-700 d:fc-white p-ff-source-bold mb0 d-inline-block">Boost brand awareness</h3> </div> <div class="flex--item d-flex d:bg-black-900 ba bc-black-050 bar-lg p32 ai-center"> <div class="flex--item mr24"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="p-fc-blue svg-spot spotAward" width="48" height="48" viewbox="0 0 48 48"><path d="M32.87 7a8.85 8.85 0 0 0-2.49-2.79 10.5 10.5 0 0 0-1.41-.92.98.98 0 0 0-.74-.1c-.46.14-.6.62-.71 1.04-.09.31-.2.75-.26 1.27-.12 1-.1 2.4.68 3.58v.01c.83 1.24 1.83 2 2.62 2.46.43.25.88.45 1.3.7a16.38 16.38 0 0 1 8.4 14.34c0 8-5.72 14.66-13.34 16.15a.85.85 0 0 0 .33 1.67c.99-.2 1.95-.47 2.88-.82.23.18.7.55 1.32.94a8.46 8.46 0 0 0 3.38 1.29 5.96 5.96 0 0 0 3.26-.61c.5-.24 1.22-.6 1.43-1.15a.86.86 0 0 0-.04-.72c-.29-.53-.92-1-1.38-1.37a6.88 6.88 0 0 0-2.76-1.39c.49-.4.95-.82 1.39-1.26.56.14 1.12.24 1.7.31 1.03.13 2.43.19 3.67-.2a5.68 5.68 0 0 0 3.32-2.78c.12-.24.22-.53.18-.8a.86.86 0 0 0-.47-.63 9.14 9.14 0 0 0-1.64-.62 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-3.36-.08 18 18 0 0 0 .85-2.04c.4 0 .81-.03 1.21-.1a5.89 5.89 0 0 0 3.14-1.46 7.74 7.74 0 0 0 1.85-3.06c.17-.47.27-.9.33-1.2.07-.32.13-.68-.05-.99-.25-.44-.77-.44-1.22-.42a9.1 9.1 0 0 0-1.24.12c-.9.16-2.06.5-3.04 1.27v-.05c0-.73-.04-1.45-.13-2.15.25-.12.6-.31 1-.59a6.15 6.15 0 0 0 2.11-2.52 8.3 8.3 0 0 0 .57-3.58 9.7 9.7 0 0 0-.14-1.28c-.06-.33-.13-.69-.4-.92a.86.86 0 0 0-.5-.2c-.3-.02-.6.15-.85.28a9.3 9.3 0 0 0-1.08.63 6.63 6.63 0 0 0-2.3 2.58 18 18 0 0 0-1.26-2.24 5.46 5.46 0 0 0 1.82-3.63 8.85 8.85 0 0 0-.65-3.65c-.19-.5-.38-.9-.53-1.2-.21-.4-.47-.85-1-.85a.98.98 0 0 0-.64.3c-.2.18-.65.6-1.11 1.19a6.34 6.34 0 0 0-1.4 3.91c-.72-.6-1.47-1.13-2.27-1.62A5.47 5.47 0 0 0 32.88 7h-.01Zm-3.86-1.7a7.29 7.29 0 0 1 2.35 2.46 4 4 0 0 1 .29 2.44 5.96 5.96 0 0 1-2.29-2.06c-.54-.83-.53-1.9-.35-2.84Zm12.55 25.44c.17-.96.56-1.94 1.28-2.63A5.1 5.1 0 0 1 45.68 27a6.1 6.1 0 0 1-1.53 2.7c-.7.66-1.65.97-2.6 1.06Zm-3.37 7.13a4.55 4.55 0 0 1 2.18-1.66 5 5 0 0 1 3.2.19 4.02 4.02 0 0 1-1.97 1.4 7.6 7.6 0 0 1-3.4.07ZM32 42.86a4.57 4.57 0 0 1 2.66-.67c.89.1 1.73.58 2.38 1.1l.4.34a4.54 4.54 0 0 1-2.42.5A6.93 6.93 0 0 1 32 42.86Zm6.41-33.3a7.2 7.2 0 0 1 .7 3.29 3.68 3.68 0 0 1-1.07 2.3 4.88 4.88 0 0 1-.87-2.93c.07-1 .6-1.91 1.24-2.67Zm5.38 7.92a6.57 6.57 0 0 1-.4 3.16 4.55 4.55 0 0 1-1.73 1.95 4.4 4.4 0 0 1 .06-2.91c.4-.95 1.2-1.67 2.07-2.2Zm-19.95.55L22 23.38a1 1 0 0 1-.94.67h-5.71v.02l4.6 3.48a1 1 0 0 1 .34 1.1l-1.66 5.2 4.7-3.25a1 1 0 0 1 1.13 0l4.6 3.17-1.65-5.2a1 1 0 0 1 .35-1.1l4.52-3.42h-5.64a1 1 0 0 1-.94-.67l-1.85-5.35Zm-.03-2.1a2 2 0 0 1 1.88 1.32l1.66 4.8h5.04c1.81 0 2.62 2.28 1.26 3.46l-.06.05-4.07 3.07 1.5 4.72v.01c.56 1.83-1.48 3.13-2.96 2.15l-.02-.01-4.15-2.86-4.25 2.94-.01.01c-1.49.99-3.53-.31-2.97-2.14v-.02l1.5-4.71-4.07-3.08a1.98 1.98 0 0 1-.67-2.18c.22-.71.87-1.41 1.87-1.41h5.05l1.65-4.78a1.88 1.88 0 0 1 1.82-1.33Zm-9.58 20.71a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-1.53-1.9a.83.83 0 1 1-1.64 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-1.2-2.11a.83.83 0 1 1-1.66 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-.83-2.36a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-.42-2.44a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm0-2.41a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm.41-2.44a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm.83-2.25a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm1.15-2.23a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm1.59-1.88a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0ZM16.02 15a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65.01.83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm2.08-1.28a.83.83 0 1 1-1.64 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm2.3-.94a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm2.38-.51a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm2.42-.11a.83.83 0 1 1-1.64 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm2.48.29a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm2.33.71a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm2.22 1.14a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm1.92 1.41a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm1.75 1.75a.83.83 0 1 1-1.66 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm1.37 2a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm1.03 2.26a.83.83 0 1 1-1.64 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm.6 2.34a.83.83 0 1 1-1.66 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm.22 2.48a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-.18 2.51a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-.62 2.35a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-1.04 2.2a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-1.35 2.09a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-1.73 1.78a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-1.98 1.43a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-2.19 1.09a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-2.28.75a.82.82 0 1 1-1.65 0 .82.82 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-2.43.31a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-2.48-.12a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-2.43-.44a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-2.25-.99a.83.83 0 1 1-1.65 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0Zm-2.26-1.16a.83.83 0 1 1-1.64 0 .83.83 0 0 1 1.65 0ZM14.94 7a8.85 8.85 0 0 1 2.49-2.79 10.5 10.5 0 0 1 1.41-.92c.23-.12.5-.18.74-.1.46.14.6.62.71 1.04.1.31.2.75.26 1.27.12 1 .1 2.4-.68 3.58v.01a7.82 7.82 0 0 1-2.62 2.46c-.43.25-.88.45-1.3.7a16.38 16.38 0 0 0-8.4 14.34c0 8 5.73 14.66 13.34 16.15a.85.85 0 0 1-.33 1.67c-.99-.2-1.95-.47-2.88-.82-.23.18-.7.55-1.32.94a8.46 8.46 0 0 1-3.38 1.29 5.96 5.96 0 0 1-3.26-.61c-.5-.24-1.22-.6-1.43-1.15a.86.86 0 0 1 .04-.72c.29-.53.92-1 1.38-1.37a6.88 6.88 0 0 1 2.76-1.39c-.49-.4-.95-.82-1.39-1.26-.56.14-1.12.24-1.7.31a9.12 9.12 0 0 1-3.67-.2 5.68 5.68 0 0 1-3.32-2.78 1.35 1.35 0 0 1-.18-.8c.02-.1.1-.45.47-.63a9.13 9.13 0 0 1 1.64-.62 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3.36-.08c-.32-.66-.6-1.34-.85-2.04-.4 0-.81-.03-1.21-.1a5.89 5.89 0 0 1-3.13-1.46 7.74 7.74 0 0 1-1.86-3.06 9.2 9.2 0 0 1-.33-1.2c-.07-.32-.13-.68.05-.99.25-.44.77-.44 1.22-.42.31 0 .75.04 1.24.12.9.16 2.06.5 3.04 1.27v-.05c0-.73.04-1.45.13-2.15-.25-.12-.6-.31-1-.59a6.15 6.15 0 0 1-2.11-2.52 8.22 8.22 0 0 1-.57-3.58c.03-.5.08-.95.14-1.28.06-.33.13-.69.4-.92a.86.86 0 0 1 .5-.2c.3-.02.6.15.85.28.28.14.67.35 1.08.63a6.63 6.63 0 0 1 2.3 2.58 18 18 0 0 1 1.26-2.24 5.46 5.46 0 0 1-1.82-3.63c-.1-1.34.28-2.69.65-3.65.19-.5.38-.9.53-1.2.21-.4.47-.85 1-.85.25 0 .45.13.64.3.2.18.65.6 1.11 1.19a6.34 6.34 0 0 1 1.4 3.91c.72-.6 1.47-1.13 2.27-1.62A5.47 5.47 0 0 1 14.93 7h.01Zm3.86-1.7a7.29 7.29 0 0 0-2.35 2.46 4.04 4.04 0 0 0-.29 2.44 5.96 5.96 0 0 0 2.29-2.06c.54-.83.53-1.9.35-2.84ZM6.25 30.75a4.77 4.77 0 0 0-1.28-2.63A5.1 5.1 0 0 0 2.13 27c.3.99.77 1.98 1.53 2.7.7.66 1.65.97 2.6 1.06Zm3.37 7.13a4.55 4.55 0 0 0-2.18-1.66 5 5 0 0 0-3.2.19 4.1 4.1 0 0 0 1.97 1.4c1.09.34 2.3.25 3.4.07Zm6.19 4.98a4.57 4.57 0 0 0-2.66-.67c-.89.1-1.73.58-2.38 1.1l-.4.34a4.54 4.54 0 0 0 2.42.5 6.93 6.93 0 0 0 3.02-1.27ZM9.4 9.56a7.26 7.26 0 0 0-.7 3.29 3.68 3.68 0 0 0 1.07 2.3c.55-.87.94-1.89.87-2.93A4.8 4.8 0 0 0 9.4 9.55Zm-5.38 7.92a6.57 6.57 0 0 0 .4 3.16 4.55 4.55 0 0 0 1.73 1.95c.26-.94.34-2-.06-2.91a4.99 4.99 0 0 0-2.07-2.2Z"/></svg> </div> <h3 class="fs-title flex--item fc-black-700 d:fc-white p-ff-source-bold mb0 d-inline-block">See long-term results</h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-wrapper mx-auto d:p-bg-dark-tint bg-white fs-body2 pt64"> <div class="p-bg-blue-pastel d:p-bg-dark-tint mxn48 sm:ml0 sm:mr0 p48 sm:pl16 sm:pr16 sm:bg-white py64"> <div class="d-flex flex__allitems6 sm:fd-column ai-center"> <div class="flex--item"> <h2 class="fs-headline2 p-ff-roboto-slab p-fc-blue mb16 p-section-header p-section-header--audience">Developers love Stack Overflow</h2> <p class="fs-subheading fc-black-600 mb24 sm:mb0 wmx5 mb64">When developers have a coding problem, they head to Stack Overflow. Because they know they’ll find a solution.</p> <div class="d-flex py12 ai-center bb bc-black-075"> <span class="fs-display3 p-ff-roboto-slab-bold va-middle mr24">55%</span> <span class="fc-black-600 fs-body3">of developers visit Stack Overflow every day</span> </div> <div class="d-flex py12 ai-center"> <span class="fs-display3 p-ff-roboto-slab-bold va-middle mr24">80%</span> <span class="fc-black-600 fs-body3">of developers visit Stack Overflow at least once a week</span> </div> <div class="fs-caption pt6 fc-black-300 ta-left pt24"> Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2021">Developer Survey 2021</a> </div> </div> <div class="flex--item"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Img/product/audience/illo-1-m1.png?v=2ecf8600abaa" class="w100" alt="A developer using Stack Overflow"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-wrapper mx-auto bg-white fs-body2 py64"> <div class="d-flex flex__allitems6 ai-center sm:fd-column pt128 pb64"> <div class="flex--item"> <h2 class="fs-headline2 p-ff-roboto-slab p-fc-blue mb16 p-section-header p-section-header--audience">Trusted for over 10 years</h2> <p class="fs-subheading fc-black-600 mb24 sm:mb32 wmx4 mb64">We’ve been a home for the tech community since 2008. Developers and tech workers trust us. So when they see an ad on Stack Overflow, they pay attention. </p> <p class="fs-body2 fc-black-400 bt bc-black-050 pt32 wmx5">Seeing an ad on Stack Overflow influences developers to search out more information on their own. On average, 83% of conversions from advertising on Stack Overflow happen without a click.</p> </div> <div class="flex--item"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Img/product/audience/illo-1-p01.png?v=ad0352f0f4b0" class="w100" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-wrapper mx-auto d:p-bg-dark-tint bg-white fs-body2 pb64"> <div class="p-bg-blue-pastel d:p-bg-dark-tint mxn48 sm:ml0 sm:mr0 py96 sm:pl16 sm:pr16 sm:bg-white ta-center mb64"> <h2 class="fs-headline2 p-ff-roboto-slab p-fc-blue mb16 p-section-header p-section-header--audience" style="background-position: 50% 0;">Find out if we’re a match</h2> <p class="fs-subheading fc-black-600 mb24 wmx5 mx-auto">Find out if your target audience spends time on Stack Overflow.</p> <a href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/advertising/audience" class="s-btn fs-body2 px32 bar-md p-bg-blue h:bg-blue-800 fc-white p-ff-source-bold sm:mb8" data-ga="[&quot;ads landing&quot;,&quot;footer callout cta&quot;,&quot;Audience | Should I advertise on Stack Overflow?&quot;,null,null]">Should I advertise on Stack Overflow?</a> </div> <div class="d-flex flex__allitems6 sm:fd-column ta-center"> <div class="flex--item ba bc-black-050 bar-lg py48 mr24 sm:mr0 sm:mb24"> <h2 class="fs-headline1 p-fc-blue p-ff-roboto-slab mb16 wmx4 mx-auto">Learn about our ads policy</h2> <p class="fs-subheading fc-black-600 mb24 wmx5 mx-auto">Read our advertising principles and policies.</p> <p class="mb0"><a href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/advertising/policies" class="s-btn fs-body2 px32 bar-md bg-black-050 h:bg-black-100 fc-powder-900 p-ff-source-bold js-gps-track" data-ga="[&quot;ads landing&quot;,&quot;footer callout cta&quot;,&quot;Audience | Policies&quot;,null,null]">Read more</a></p> </div> <div class="flex--item ba bc-black-050 bar-lg py48 ml24 sm:ml0"> <h2 class="fs-headline1 p-fc-blue p-ff-roboto-slab mb16">Give feedback about an ad</h2> <p class="fs-subheading fc-black-600 mb24 wmx5 mx-auto">Seen something that doesn’t look right? Let us know.</p> <p class="mb0"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/mailto:advertising@stackoverflow.com?subject=Ad%20feedback" class="s-btn fs-body2 px32 bar-md bg-black-050 h:bg-black-100 fc-powder-900 p-ff-source-bold js-gps-track" data-ga="[&quot;ads landing&quot;,&quot;footer callout cta&quot;,&quot;Audience | Email feedback&quot;,null,null]">Email feedback</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="s-modal js-modal-overlay js-modal-close" id="js-youtube-modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="modal-title" aria-describedby="modal-description" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="s-modal--dialog p0 wmx10 w90 overflow-visible bg-transparent" role="document"> <div class="p-player ps-relative w100 h0 bar-lg overflow-hidden" id="js-youtube-framer"></div> <a id="js-youtube-close" class="s-modal--close s-btn bg-orange-400 h:bg-orange-500 fc-white ps-absolute tn48 rn48 sm:mr48 bar-circle" href="#" aria-label="Close"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconClearSm" width="14" height="14" viewbox="0 0 14 14"><path d="M12 3.41 10.59 2 7 5.59 3.41 2 2 3.41 5.59 7 2 10.59 3.41 12 7 8.41 10.59 12 12 10.59 8.41 7 12 3.41Z"/></svg> </a> </div> </aside> <script defer src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023js_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Js/product/youtube-player.en.js?v=bd7de110458c"></script> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="site-footer js-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="site-footer--container"> <div class="site-footer--logo"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="native svg-icon iconLogoGlyphMd" width="32" height="37" viewbox="0 0 32 37"><path d="M26 33v-9h4v13H0V24h4v9h22Z" fill="#BCBBBB"/><path d="m21.5 0-2.7 2 9.9 13.3 2.7-2L21.5 0ZM26 18.4 13.3 7.8l2.1-2.5 12.7 10.6-2.1 2.5ZM9.1 15.2l15 7 1.4-3-15-7-1.4 3Zm14 10.79.68-2.95-16.1-3.35L7 23l16.1 2.99ZM23 30H7v-3h16v3Z" fill="#F48024"/></svg></a> </div> <nav class="site-footer--nav"> <div class="site-footer--col"> <h5 class="-title"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/" class="js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 15})">Stack Overflow</a></h5> <ul class="-list js-primary-footer-links"> <li><a href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/questions" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 16})">Questions</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/jobs" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 17})">Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/jobs/directory/developer-jobs" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 11})">Developer Jobs Directory</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/jobs/salary" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 28})">Salary Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/help" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 3 })">Help</a></li> <li><a onclick="StackExchange.switchMobile(&quot;on&quot;)" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 12 })">Mobile</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-footer--col"> <h5 class="-title"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflowbusiness.com/" class="js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 19 })">Products</a></h5> <ul class="-list"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/teams" class="js-gps-track -link" data-ga="[&quot;teams traffic&quot;,&quot;footer - site nav&quot;,&quot;stackoverflow.com/teams&quot;,null,{&quot;dimension4&quot;:&quot;teams&quot;}]" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 29 })">Teams</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/talent" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 20 })">Talent</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/advertising" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 21 })">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflowsolutions.com/explore-teams" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 22 })">Enterprise</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-footer--col"> <h5 class="-title"><a class="js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 1 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/company">Company</a></h5> <ul class="-list"> <li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 1 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/company">About</a></li> <li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 27 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/company/press">Press</a></li> <li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 9 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/company/work-here">Work Here</a></li> <li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 7 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 8 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/legal/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 37 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/legal/terms-of-service">Terms of Service</a></li> <li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 13 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/company/contact">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="" id="consent-footer-link"><a class="js-gps-track -link js-cookie-settings" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 38 })" href="#" data-consent-popup-loader="footer">Cookie Settings</a></li> <li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 39 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/legal/cookie-policy">Cookie Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-footer--col site-footer--categories-nav"> <div> <h5 class="-title"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackexchange.com/" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 30 })">Stack Exchange Network</a></h5> <ul class="-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackexchange.com/sites#technology" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 24 })"> Technology </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackexchange.com/sites#culturerecreation" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 24 })"> Culture &amp; recreation </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackexchange.com/sites#lifearts" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 24 })"> Life &amp; arts </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackexchange.com/sites#science" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 24 })"> Science </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackexchange.com/sites#professional" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 24 })"> Professional </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackexchange.com/sites#business" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 24 })"> Business </a> </li> <li class="mt16 md:mt0"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://api.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 24 })"> API </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://data.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 24 })"> Data </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="site-footer--copyright fs-fine md:mt24"> <ul class="-list -social md:mb8"> <li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link:4 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.blog/?blb=1">Blog</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://www.facebook.com/officialstackoverflow/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 31 })">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://twitter.com/stackoverflow" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 32 })">Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://linkedin.com/company/stack-overflow" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 33 })">LinkedIn</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://www.instagram.com/thestackoverflow" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 0, link: 36 })">Instagram</a></li> </ul> <p class="md:mb0"> site design / logo &#169; 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/help/licensing">cc by-sa</a>. <span id="svnrev">rev&nbsp;2022.2.1.41322</span> </p> </div> </div> </footer> <script>StackExchange.ready(function () { StackExchange.responsiveness.addSwitcher(); })</script> <noscript> <div id="noscript-warning">Stack Overflow works best with JavaScript enabled <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023im_/https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&amp;c2=17440561&amp;cv=3.6.0&amp;cj=1" alt=""> </div> </noscript> <script> (function(i, s, o, g, r, a, m) { i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r; i[r] = i[r] || function() { (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments) }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date(); a = s.createElement(o), m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0]; a.async = 1; a.src = g; m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m); })(window, document, 'script', 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga'); StackExchange.ready(function () { StackExchange.ga.init({ autoLink: ["stackoverflow.blog","info.stackoverflowsolutions.com","stackoverflowsolutions.com"], sendTitles: true, tracker: window.ga, trackingCodes: [ 'UA-108242619-1' ], checkDimension: 'dimension42' }); StackExchange.ga.setDimension('dimension3', 'Product/Advertising'); StackExchange.ga.setDimension('dimension7', "1643727623.1970929981"); StackExchange.ga.trackPageView(); }); </script> <div class="ff-sans ps-fixed z-nav-fixed ws4 sm:w-auto p32 sm:p16 bg-black-750 fc-white bar-lg b16 l16 r16 js-consent-banner"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="mln4 mb24 sm:d-none svg-spot spotCookieLg" style="color: var(--theme-button-filled-background-color)" width="96" height="96" viewbox="0 0 96 96"> <path d="M35 45.5a7.5 7.5 0 11-15 0 7.5 7.5 0 0115 0zM63.5 63a7.5 7.5 0 100-15 7.5 7.5 0 000 15zm-19 19a7.5 7.5 0 100-15 7.5 7.5 0 000 15z" opacity=".2"/> <path d="M56.99 2.53a23.1 23.1 0 0114.66 6.15h.01l.01.02c.57.55.61 1.27.5 1.74v.07a10.95 10.95 0 01-3.07 4.77 9 9 0 01-6.9 2.5 10.34 10.34 0 01-9.72-10.44v-.08a10 10 0 011.03-3.74l.01-.03.02-.02c.28-.5.82-.92 1.52-.95.63-.02 1.27-.02 1.93.01zm12.04 7.83a20.1 20.1 0 00-12.2-4.83l-.92-.03c-.23.6-.38 1.25-.43 1.94a7.34 7.34 0 006.95 7.34 6 6 0 004.64-1.7c.94-.88 1.6-1.9 1.96-2.72zm15.3 8.76a6.84 6.84 0 00-5.09-.24 7.9 7.9 0 00-3.28 2.05 1.8 1.8 0 00-.3 1.95l.02.02v.02a15.16 15.16 0 008.74 7.47c.64.23 1.32.08 1.8-.33a6.63 6.63 0 001.63-1.97l.01-.03.01-.03c1.67-3.5-.12-7.32-3.54-8.91zm-5.5 3.28c.36-.25.82-.5 1.35-.67.92-.3 1.92-.35 2.89.1 2.14 1 2.92 3.14 2.11 4.88-.12.21-.26.41-.43.6l-.26-.1a12.29 12.29 0 01-5.66-4.81zM32 24a2 2 0 11-4 0 2 2 0 014 0zm12 21a2 2 0 11-4 0 2 2 0 014 0zm36 4a2 2 0 11-4 0 2 2 0 014 0zm-7 21a2 2 0 11-4 0 2 2 0 014 0zM59 81a2 2 0 11-4 0 2 2 0 014 0zM22 63a2 2 0 11-4 0 2 2 0 014 0zm27 7a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0zm-3 0a6 6 0 10-12 0 6 6 0 0012 0zM33 41a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0zm-15 0a6 6 0 1012 0 6 6 0 00-12 0zm50 11a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0zm-3 0a6 6 0 10-12 0 6 6 0 0012 0zM44.08 4.24c.31.48.33 1.09.05 1.58a17.46 17.46 0 00-2.36 8.8c0 9.55 7.58 17.24 16.85 17.24 2.97 0 5.75-.78 8.16-2.15a1.5 1.5 0 012.1.66 12.08 12.08 0 0011 6.74 12.4 12.4 0 007.85-2.75 1.5 1.5 0 012.38.74A45.76 45.76 0 0192 48.16c0 24.77-19.67 44.9-44 44.9S4 72.93 4 48.16C4 25.23 20.84 6.28 42.64 3.58a1.5 1.5 0 011.44.66zM40.22 7C21.32 10.71 7 27.7 7 48.16c0 23.17 18.39 41.9 41 41.9s41-18.73 41-41.9c0-3.52-.42-6.93-1.22-10.2a15.5 15.5 0 01-7.9 2.15c-5.5 0-10.36-2.83-12.97-7.1a19.46 19.46 0 01-8.28 1.85c-11 0-19.86-9.1-19.86-20.24 0-2.7.52-5.26 1.45-7.62zM92 91a2 2 0 100-4 2 2 0 000 4zM7 8.5a2.5 2.5 0 11-5 0 2.5 2.5 0 015 0zM82.5 90a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm9.5-7.5a1.5 1.5 0 11-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 013 0zM13.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM80 14.5a1.5 1.5 0 11-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 013 0zM53.5 20a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"/> </svg> <p class="fs-body2 fw-bold mb4"> Your privacy </p> <p class="mb16 s-anchors s-anchors__inherit s-anchors__underlined"> By clicking “Accept all cookies”, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201150023/https://stackoverflow.com/legal/cookie-policy">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> <div class="d-flex gs8 ai-stretch fd-column sm:fd-row"> <button class="flex--item s-btn s-btn__primary js-accept-cookies js-consent-banner-hide"> Accept all cookies </button> <button class="flex--item s-btn s-btn__filled js-cookie-settings" data-consent-popup-loader="banner"> Customize settings </button> </div> </div> <div id="onetrust-consent-sdk" class="d-none"></div> <div id="onetrust-banner-sdk" data-controller="s-modal"></div> <div id="ot-pc-content" class="d-none"></div> <div id="onetrust-style" class="d-none">&nbsp;</div> <div class="d-none js-consent-banner-version" data-consent-banner-version="baseline"></div> </body> </html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 15:00:23 Feb 01, 2022 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 02:45:42 Dec 02, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.618 exclusion.robots: 0.032 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.022 esindex: 0.009 cdx.remote: 7.37 LoadShardBlock: 438.514 (6) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 270.318 (7) PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 100.395 (2) load_resource: 123.552 -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10