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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الآدمية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الآدمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="আদমীয় ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আদমীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%C5%AFv_jazyk" title="Adamův jazyk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Adamův jazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamitische_Sprache" title="Adamitische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adamitische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ad%C3%A1nica" title="Lengua adánica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lengua adánica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_adamique" title="Langue adamique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue adamique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teanga_%C3%81dhaimh" title="Teanga Ádhaimh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teanga Ádhaimh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Adam" title="Bahasa Adam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Adam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Adamica" title="Lingua Adamica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Adamica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Adamica" title="Lingua Adamica – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lingua Adamica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="アダムの言語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アダムの言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_Adamowy" title="Język Adamowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język Adamowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_de_Ad%C3%A3o" title="Língua de Adão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua de Adão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_adamic%C4%83" title="Limba adamică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba adamică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamov_jazyk" title="Adamov jazyk – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Adamov jazyk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Адамівська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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navigation-not-searchable">"Adamic" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Adamic_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Adamic (disambiguation)">Adamic (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adam_naming_the_animals._Etching._Wellcome_V0034186.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Adam_naming_the_animals._Etching._Wellcome_V0034186.jpg/220px-Adam_naming_the_animals._Etching._Wellcome_V0034186.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Adam_naming_the_animals._Etching._Wellcome_V0034186.jpg/330px-Adam_naming_the_animals._Etching._Wellcome_V0034186.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Adam_naming_the_animals._Etching._Wellcome_V0034186.jpg/440px-Adam_naming_the_animals._Etching._Wellcome_V0034186.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3244" data-file-height="2348" /></a><figcaption>Adam naming the animals as described in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a>. In some interpretations, he uses the “Adamic language” to do so.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Adamic language</b>, according to <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> tradition (as recorded in the <i><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">midrashim</a></i>) and some <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, is the language spoken by <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> (and possibly <a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a>. It is variously interpreted as either the language used by <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> to address Adam (the <a href="/wiki/Divine_language" title="Divine language">divine language</a>), or the language invented by Adam with which he named all things (including Eve), as in the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">second Genesis creation narrative</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#2:19" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 2:19</a>). </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, various Jewish commentators held that Adam spoke <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, a view also addressed in various ways by the late medieval Italian poet <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a>, some authors continued to discuss the possibility of an Adamic language, some continuing to hold to the idea that it was Hebrew, while others such as <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> were more skeptical. According to <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Eritrean</a> traditions, the ancient <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic language</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez">Ge'ez</a> is the language of Adam, the first and original language.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, a variety of <a href="/wiki/Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon">Mormon</a> authors have expressed various opinions about the nature of the Adamic language. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patristic_Period">Patristic Period</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a> addresses the issue in <i><a href="/wiki/The_City_of_God" title="The City of God">The City of God</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While not explicit, the implication of there being but one human language prior to the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Babel" title="Tower of Babel">Tower of Babel</a>'s collapse is that the language, which was preserved by <a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Heber</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Peleg" title="Peleg">Peleg</a>, and which is recognized as the language passed down to <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> and his descendants, is the language that would have been used by Adam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Confusion_of_tongues" class="mw-redirect" title="Confusion of tongues">Confusion of tongues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lingua_ignota" title="Lingua ignota">Lingua ignota</a></div> <p>Traditional Jewish exegesis such as <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> says that Adam spoke the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew language</a> because the names he gives Eve – <i>Isha</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Chava</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – only make sense in Hebrew. By contrast, <a href="/wiki/Kabbalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabbalism">Kabbalism</a> assumed an "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eternal_Torah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eternal Torah (page does not exist)">eternal Torah</a>" which was not identical to the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> written in Hebrew. Thus, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Abulafia" title="Abraham Abulafia">Abraham Abulafia</a> in the 13th century assumed that the language spoken in <a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Paradise</a> had been different from Hebrew, and rejected the claim then-current also among Christian authors, that <a href="/wiki/Language_deprivation_experiments" title="Language deprivation experiments">a child left unexposed to linguistic stimulus</a> would automatically begin to speak in Hebrew.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Muslim and Christian Arabs, such as <a href="/wiki/Sulayman_al-Ghazzi" title="Sulayman al-Ghazzi">Sulayman al-Ghazzi</a>, considered <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> the language spoken by Adam and Eve.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a> (1993) notes that <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a> is ambiguous on whether the language of Adam was preserved by Adam's descendants until the <a href="/wiki/Confusion_of_tongues" class="mw-redirect" title="Confusion of tongues">confusion of tongues</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or if it began to evolve naturally even before Babel.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> addresses the topic in his <i><a href="/wiki/De_vulgari_eloquentia" title="De vulgari eloquentia">De vulgari eloquentia</a></i> (1302–1305). He argues that the Adamic language is of divine origin and therefore unchangeable.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also notes that according to Genesis, the first speech act is due to Eve, addressing <a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">the serpent</a>, and not to Adam.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a></i> (c. 1308–1320), however, Dante changes his view to another that treats the Adamic language as the product of Adam.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This had the consequence that it could no longer be regarded as immutable, and hence Hebrew could not be regarded as identical with the language of Paradise. Dante concludes (<i>Paradiso</i> XXVI) that Hebrew is a derivative of the language of Adam. In particular, the chief Hebrew name for God in scholastic tradition, <i><a href="/wiki/El_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="El (god)">El</a></i>, must be derived of a different Adamic name for God, which Dante gives as <i><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">I</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_modern_period">Early modern period</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proponents">Proponents</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Adamic_language" title="Special:EditPage/Adamic language">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Elizabethan scholar <a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">John Dee</a> makes references to a language he called "<a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Angelical</a>", which he recorded in his private journals and those of <a href="/wiki/Scryer" class="mw-redirect" title="Scryer">scryer</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kelley" title="Edward Kelley">Edward Kelley</a>. Dee's journals did not describe the language as "<a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a>", instead preferring "Angelical", the "Celestial Speech", the "Language of Angels", the "First Language of God-Christ", the "Holy Language", or "Adamical" because, according to Dee's Angels, it was used by Adam in Paradise to name all things. The language was later dubbed Enochian, due to Dee's assertion that the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Patriarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Patriarch">Biblical Patriarch</a> <a href="/wiki/Enoch_(ancestor_of_Noah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enoch (ancestor of Noah)">Enoch</a> had been the last human (before Dee and Kelley) to know the language. </p><p>Dutch physician, linguist, and humanist <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Goropius_Becanus" title="Johannes Goropius Becanus">Johannes Goropius Becanus</a> (1519–1572) theorized in <i>Origines Antwerpianae</i> (1569) that <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerpian</a> <a href="/wiki/Brabantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Brabantic">Brabantic</a>, spoken in the region between the <a href="/wiki/Scheldt" title="Scheldt">Scheldt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a> Rivers, was the original language spoken in Paradise. Goropius believed that the most ancient language on Earth would be the simplest language, and that the simplest language would contain mostly short words. Since Brabantic has a higher number of short words than do Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, Goropius reasoned that it was the older language.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work influenced that of <a href="/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin">Simon Stevin</a> (1548–1620), who espoused similar ideas in "Uytspraeck van de weerdicheyt der Duytse tael", a chapter in <i><a href="/wiki/De_Beghinselen_Der_Weeghconst" title="De Beghinselen Der Weeghconst">De Beghinselen Der Weeghconst</a></i> (1586). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opponents">Opponents</h3></div> <p>By the 17th century, the existence and nature of the alleged Adamic language was commonly discussed amongst European Jewish and Christian mystics and primitive linguists.<sup id="cite_ref-Noordegraaf_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noordegraaf-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a> (1627–1691) was skeptical that Hebrew was the language best capable of describing the nature of things, stating: </p> <blockquote><p>I could never find, that the Hebrew names of animals, mentioned in the beginning of Genesis, argued a (much) clearer insight into their natures, than did the names of the same or some other animals in Greek, or other languages (1665:45).<sup id="cite_ref-Noordegraaf_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noordegraaf-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> (1632–1704) expressed similar skepticism in his <i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human_Understanding" title="An Essay Concerning Human Understanding">An Essay Concerning Human Understanding</a></i> (1690).<sup id="cite_ref-Noordegraaf_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noordegraaf-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_period">Modern period</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latter_Day_Saint_movement">Latter Day Saint movement</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a>, in his <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith_Translation_of_the_Bible" title="Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible">revision of the Bible</a>, declared the Adamic language to have been "pure and undefiled".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a> believe it to be the language of <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Glossolalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossolalia">Glossolalia</a>, or speaking in tongues, was commonplace in the early years of the movement, and it was commonly believed that the incomprehensible language spoken during these incidents was the language of Adam. However, this belief seems to have never been formally or officially adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some other early Latter Day Saint leaders, including <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">Brigham Young</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Orson_Pratt" title="Orson Pratt">Orson Pratt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pratt_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pratt-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Whitney" title="Elizabeth Ann Whitney">Elizabeth Ann Whitney</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> claimed to have received several words in the Adamic language by <a href="/wiki/Revelation_(Latter_Day_Saints)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation (Latter Day Saints)">revelation</a>. Some Latter Day Saints believe that the Adamic language is the "pure language" spoken of by <a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that it will be restored as the <a href="/wiki/Universal_language" title="Universal language">universal language</a> of humankind at the end of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Apostle_(LDS_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle (LDS Church)">Apostle</a> <a href="/wiki/Orson_Pratt" title="Orson Pratt">Orson Pratt</a> declared that "Ahman", part of the name of the settlement "<a href="/wiki/Adam-ondi-Ahman" title="Adam-ondi-Ahman">Adam-ondi-Ahman</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Daviess_County,_Missouri" title="Daviess County, Missouri">Daviess County, Missouri</a>, was the name of God in the Adamic language.<sup id="cite_ref-Pratt_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pratt-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An 1832 handwritten page from the <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith_Papers" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Smith Papers">Joseph Smith Papers</a>, titled "A Sample of the Pure Language", and reportedly dictated by Smith to "Br. Johnson", asserts that the name of God is <i>Awman</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Latter Day Saint <a href="/wiki/Endowment_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Endowment (Latter Day Saints)">endowment</a> <a href="/wiki/Prayer_circle" title="Prayer circle">prayer circle</a> once included use of the words "Pay Lay Ale".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These untranslated words are no longer used in <a href="/wiki/Temple_(LDS_Church)" title="Temple (LDS Church)">temple</a> <a href="/wiki/Ordinance_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Ordinance (Latter Day Saints)">ordinances</a> and have been replaced by an English version, "O God, hear the words of my mouth".<sup id="cite_ref-SLCM_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLCM-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some believe that the "Pay Lay Ale" sentence is derived from the Hebrew phrase "pe le-El" (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">פה לאל</span></span>), "mouth to God".<sup id="cite_ref-SLCM_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLCM-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Pay Lay Ale" was identified in the temple ceremony as words from the "pure Adamic language".<sup id="cite_ref-Mirage_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirage-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other words thought by some Latter Day Saints to derive from the Adamic language include <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_(Book_of_Mormon)" title="Deseret (Book of Mormon)">deseret</a></i> ("honey bee")<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Ahman</i> ("God").<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Moses" title="Book of Moses">Book of Moses</a> refers to "a book of remembrance" written in the language of Adam.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goidelic_languages">Goidelic languages</h3></div> <p>Nicholas Wolf writes that 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a> speakers and publications claim that Irish (or some <a href="/wiki/Goidelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Goidelic language">Goidelic language</a>) is a language of Biblical primacy comparable to Hebrew, with some claiming it was the language of Adam.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_linguistics" title="History of linguistics">History of linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythical_origins_of_language" title="Mythical origins of language">Mythical origins of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Human_language" title="Proto-Human language">Proto-Human language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_language" title="Universal language">Universal language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Sacred language</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethiopiathekingdomofgod.org/content/%E2%80%98geez%E2%80%99-original-language-humanity">"Is 'Ge'ez' the original language of humanity? | Ethiopia The Kingdom of God"</a>. <i>ethiopiathekingdomofgod.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ethiopiathekingdomofgod.org&rft.atitle=Is+%27Ge%27ez%27+the+original+language+of+humanity%3F+%7C+Ethiopia+The+Kingdom+of+God&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethiopiathekingdomofgod.org%2Fcontent%2F%25E2%2580%2598geez%25E2%2580%2599-original-language-humanity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdamic+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book XVI, chs. 10 – 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rabbah" title="Genesis Rabbah">Genesis Rabbah</a> 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a> 2:23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 3:20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Umberto Eco, <i>The Search for the Perfect Language</i> (1993), p. 32 f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNobleTreiger2014" class="citation book cs1">Noble, Samuel; Treiger, Alexander (15 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q6rMDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Orthodox Church in the Arab World, 700–1700: An Anthology of Sources</i></a>. Cornell University Press. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-5130-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-5130-1"><bdi>978-1-5017-5130-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Church+in+the+Arab+World%2C+700%E2%80%931700%3A+An+Anthology+of+Sources&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2014-03-15&rft.isbn=978-1-5017-5130-1&rft.aulast=Noble&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.au=Treiger%2C+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq6rMDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdamic+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 11:1–9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 10:5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Umberto Eco, <i>The Search for the Perfect Language</i> (1993), 7–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazzocco, p. 159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>mulierem invenitur ante omnes fuisse locutam</i>. Umberto Eco, <i>The Search for the Perfect Language</i> (1993), p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazzocco, p. 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pria ch’i’ scendessi a l’infernale ambascia,<br /> <i>I</i> s’appellava in terra il sommo bene<br /> onde vien la letizia che mi fascia<br /> <br /> Before I was sent down to Hell’s torments,<br /> on earth, the Highest Good—from which derives<br /> the joy that now enfolds me—was called <i>I</i>.<br /> <i>Paradiso</i> 26.133f.; Mazzocco, p. 178f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorporius_Becanus2014" class="citation book cs1">Gorporius Becanus, Johannes (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bgWyCAAAQBAJ&pg=265"><i>Van Adam tot Antwerpen: Een bloemlezing uit de Origines Antwerpianae en de Opera van Johannes Goropius Becanus</i></a>. Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren. pp. 265–77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789087044312" title="Special:BookSources/9789087044312"><bdi>9789087044312</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Van+Adam+tot+Antwerpen%3A+Een+bloemlezing+uit+de+Origines+Antwerpianae+en+de+Opera+van+Johannes+Goropius+Becanus&rft.place=Hilversum&rft.pages=265-77&rft.pub=Uitgeverij+Verloren&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9789087044312&rft.aulast=Gorporius+Becanus&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbgWyCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3D265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdamic+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Noordegraaf-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Noordegraaf_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Noordegraaf_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Noordegraaf_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoordegraaf1983" class="citation journal cs1">Noordegraaf, Jan (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_voo004198301_01/_voo004198301_01_0009.php">"Nog eens Hedendaagsch fetischisme"</a>. <i>Voortgang</i>. <b>4</b> (10). Stichting Neerlandistiek VU: 193–230<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voortgang&rft.atitle=Nog+eens+Hedendaagsch+fetischisme&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=193-230&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Noordegraaf&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbnl.org%2Ftekst%2F_voo004198301_01%2F_voo004198301_01_0009.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdamic+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Moses" title="Book of Moses">Book of Moses</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/pgp/moses/6.6?lang=eng">6:6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson1992" class="citation cs2">Robertson, John S. (1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/EoM/id/5449">"Adamic Language"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Ludlow" title="Daniel H. Ludlow">Ludlow, Daniel H</a> (ed.), <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Mormonism" title="Encyclopedia of Mormonism">Encyclopedia of Mormonism</a></i>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan Publishing">Macmillan Publishing</a>, pp. 18–19, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-879602-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-879602-0"><bdi>0-02-879602-0</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/24502140">24502140</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adamic+Language&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Mormonism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=18-19&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F24502140&rft.isbn=0-02-879602-0&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontentdm.lib.byu.edu%2Fcdm%2Fref%2Fcollection%2FEoM%2Fid%2F5449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdamic+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Copeland, Lee. "Speaking in Tongues in the Restoration Churches", <i>Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought</i>, Vol 24, No. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brigham Young, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=/MStar&CISOPTR=7661&filename=7662.pdf">"History of Brigham Young"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612023524/http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=%2FMStar&CISOPTR=7661&filename=7662.pdf">Archived</a> 12 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Star" title="Millennial Star">Millennial Star</a></i>, vol. 25, no. 28, p. 439 (1863-07-11), cited in <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Church_(Joseph_Smith)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Church (Joseph Smith)">History of the Church</a></i> <b>1</b>:297, footnote (Young prays in the Adamic tongue).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pratt-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pratt_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pratt_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Discourses" title="Journal of Discourses">Journal of Discourses</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=/JournalOfDiscourses3&CISOPTR=1953&filename=100504_170857_cp342_Va_M230_J82_v02.pdf"><b>2</b>:342</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071025133000/http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=%2FJournalOfDiscourses3&CISOPTR=1953&filename=100504_170857_cp342_Va_M230_J82_v02.pdf">Archived</a> 25 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (God = "Ahman"; Son of God = "Son Ahman"; Men = "Sons Ahman"; Angel = "Anglo-man").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Exponent" title="Woman's Exponent">Woman's Exponent</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=/WomansExp&CISOPTR=6638&filename=6639.pdf"><b>7</b>:83</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071025132953/http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=%2FWomansExp&CISOPTR=6638&filename=6639.pdf">Archived</a> 25 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1 November 1878) (Whitney sings a hymn in the Adamic tongue).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Zephaniah%203:9&version=nrsv">3:9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cowdery" title="Oliver Cowdery">Oliver Cowdery</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=/NCMP1820-1846&CISOPTR=10065&filename=5298.pdf">"The Prophecy of Zephaniah"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, <i><a href="/wiki/Evening_and_Morning_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening and Morning Star">Evening and Morning Star</a></i>, vol. 2, no. 18, p. 142 (March 1834).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_R._McConkie" title="Bruce R. McConkie">Bruce R. McConkie</a> (1966, 2d ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Mormon_Doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon Doctrine">Mormon Doctrine</a></i> (Salt Lake City, Utah: Bookcraft) p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Taft_Benson" title="Ezra Taft Benson">Ezra Taft Benson</a> (1988). <i>Teachings of Ezra Taft Benson</i> (Salt Lake City, Utah: Bookcraft) p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161122044333/http://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/sample-of-pure-language-between-circa-4-and-circa-20-march-1832/1">"Sample of the Pure Language" ca. March 1832</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith, <i>The Mormon Murders</i> (New York: St. Martins's Press, 1988) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-93410-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-93410-6">0-312-93410-6</a>, p. 69. "the sign of the Second Token [is] raising both hands and then lowering them while repeating the incantation "Pay Lay Ale" three times"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SLCM-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SLCM_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLCM_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utlm.org/newsletters/no76.htm">"Current Mormon Temple Ceremony Now Available"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City_Messenger" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake City Messenger">Salt Lake City Messenger</a></i>, no. 76, November 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mirage-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mirage_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2009" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Latayne (2009). <i>The Mormon Mirage: A Former Member Looks at the Mormon Church Today</i>. Zondervan. p. 332. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-29153-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-29153-4"><bdi>978-0-310-29153-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mormon+Mirage%3A+A+Former+Member+Looks+at+the+Mormon+Church+Today&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-310-29153-4&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Latayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdamic+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/ether/2.3?lang=eng"><i>Book of Mormon</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ether" title="Book of Ether">Ether</a> 2:3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+Mormon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fstudy%2Fscriptures%2Fbofm%2Fether%2F2.3%3Flang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdamic+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/scriptures/doctrineandcovenants/78.20?lang=eng"><i>Doctrine and Covenants</i></a>. Doctrine and Covenants 78:20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doctrine+and+Covenants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fscriptures%2Fdoctrineandcovenants%2F78.20%3Flang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdamic+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/pgp/moses/6.5,46?lang=eng">Moses 6:5, 46</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolf" class="citation news cs1">Wolf, Nicholas M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/when-irish-was-still-the-greatest-little-language-in-the-world-1.2082623">"When Irish was still the greatest little language in the world"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2019</span>,</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=When+Irish+was+still+the+greatest+little+language+in+the+world&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2Fwhen-irish-was-still-the-greatest-little-language-in-the-world-1.2082623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdamic+language" class="Z3988"></span> citing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolf2014" class="citation book cs1">Wolf, Nicholas M. (November 2014). <i>An Irish-Speaking Island: State, Religion, Community, and the Linguistic Landscape in Ireland, 1770–1870</i>. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 36-37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-30274-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-30274-0"><bdi>978-0-299-30274-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Irish-Speaking+Island%3A+State%2C+Religion%2C+Community%2C+and+the+Linguistic+Landscape+in+Ireland%2C+1770%E2%80%931870&rft.pages=36-37&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2014-11&rft.isbn=978-0-299-30274-0&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdamic+language" class="Z3988"></span> See also an overview at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcEwan2015" class="citation web cs1">McEwan, Emily (27 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gaelic.co/gaelic-laptop-decal/">"Gaelic design for the 21st century: A laptop decal"</a>. <i>Gaelic.co</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gaelic.co&rft.atitle=Gaelic+design+for+the+21st+century%3A+A+laptop+decal&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft.aulast=McEwan&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgaelic.co%2Fgaelic-laptop-decal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdamic+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li>Allison P. Coudert (ed.), <i>The Language of Adam = Die Sprache Adams</i>, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1999.</li> <li>Angelo Mazzocco, <i>Linguistic Theories in Dante and the Humanists</i>, (chapter 9: "Dante's Reappraisal of the Adamic language", 159–181).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Search_for_the_Perfect_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="The Search for the Perfect Language">The Search for the Perfect Language</a></i> (1993).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain" title="Cain">Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aclima" title="Aclima">Aclima</a> <ul><li>Luluwa</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_(religious_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Awan (religious figure)">Awan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azura_(religious_figure)" title="Azura (religious figure)">Azura</a></li> <li>Jumella</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_man" title="Fall of man">Fall of man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_the_knowledge_of_good_and_evil" title="Tree of the knowledge of good and evil">Tree of the knowledge of good and evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">Serpents in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_(symbolism)" title="Apple (symbolism)">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_leaf" title="Fig leaf">Fig leaf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figs_in_the_Bible" title="Figs in the Bible">Figs in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_ale" title="Adam's ale">Adam's ale</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adamic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camael" title="Camael">Camael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protevangelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protevangelium">Protevangelium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_of_the_woman" title="Seed of the woman">Seed of the woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsiel" title="Shamsiel">Shamsiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilith" title="Lilith">Lilith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(biblical)" title="Tree of life (biblical)">Tree of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretations_of_Genesis" title="Allegorical interpretations of Genesis">Allegorical interpretations of Genesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam%E2%80%93God_doctrine" title="Adam–God doctrine">Adam–God doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_in_Mormonism" title="Adam and Eve in Mormonism">Adam and Eve in Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Adam in rabbinic literature">Adam in rabbinic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-A%27raf" title="Al-A'raf">Al-A'raf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Moses" title="Book of Moses">Book of Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endowment_(Mormonism)" title="Endowment (Mormonism)">Endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manu_(Hinduism)" title="Manu (Hinduism)">Manu (Hinduism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashya_and_Mashyana" title="Mashya and Mashyana">Mashya and Mashyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_seed" title="Serpent seed">Serpent seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Jiva_and_Atman" title="Tree of Jiva and Atman">Tree of Jiva and Atman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(Quran)" title="Tree of life (Quran)">Tree of life (Quran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Endor_Coven" title="Our Lady of Endor Coven">Our Lady of Endor Coven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mama%27s_Affair_(1921_film)" title="Mama's Affair (1921 film)">Mama's Affair</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning,_Eve!" title="Good Morning, Eve!">Good Morning, Eve!</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Broken_Jug_(film)" title="The Broken Jug (film)">The Broken Jug</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Original_Sin_(film)" title="The Original Sin (film)">The Original Sin</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Private_Lives_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="The Private Lives of Adam and Eve">The Private Lives of Adam and Eve</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_pecado_de_Ad%C3%A1n_y_Eva" title="El pecado de Adán y Eva">El pecado de Adán y Eva</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Biblia_en_pasta" title="La Biblia en pasta">La Biblia en pasta</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Annunciation_(film)" title="The Annunciation (film)">The Annunciation</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Second_Time_Lucky" title="Second Time Lucky">Second Time Lucky</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adipapam" title="Adipapam">Adipapam</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_(1992_film)" title="Adam (1992 film)">Adam</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Babs_(2000_film)" title="Babs (2000 film)">Babs</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Eve" title="The Last Eve">The Last Eve</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Year_One_(film)" title="Year One (film)">Year One</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Man_(film)" title="The Tragedy of Man (film)">The Tragedy of Man</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Dog" title="Adam and Dog">Adam and Dog</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tropico_(2013_film)" title="Tropico (2013 film)">Tropico</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Jeu_d%27Adam" title="Le Jeu d'Adam">Le Jeu d'Adam</a></i> (12th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Broken_Jug" title="The Broken Jug">The Broken Jug</a></i> (1808)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Man" title="The Tragedy of Man">The Tragedy of Man</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_the_World_and_Other_Business" title="The Creation of the World and Other Business">The Creation of the World and Other Business</a></i> (1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apple_Tree" title="The Apple Tree">The Apple Tree</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dude_(musical)" title="Dude (musical)">Dude</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Up_from_Paradise" title="Up from Paradise">Up from Paradise</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Eden" title="Children of Eden">Children of Eden</a></i> (1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compositions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_(Haydn)" title="The Creation (Haydn)">The Creation</a></i> (1798) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_structure" title="The Creation structure">structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_mort_d%27Adam" title="La mort d'Adam">La mort d'Adam</a></i> (1809)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%88ve_(Massenet)" title="Ève (Massenet)">Ève</a></i> (1875)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Suite" title="Genesis Suite">Genesis Suite</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lilith_(opera)" title="Lilith (opera)">Lilith</a></i> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Adam" title="Apocalypse of Adam">Apocalypse of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Moses" title="Book of Moses">Book of Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Abraham" title="Book of Abraham">Book of Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Adam" title="Books of Adam">Books of Adam</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Penitence_of_Adam" title="Book of the Penitence of Adam">Book of the Penitence of Adam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Treasures" title="Cave of Treasures">Cave of Treasures</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/El_amigo_de_%C3%89l_y_Ella" title="El amigo de Él y Ella">El amigo de Él y Ella</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_A" title="Genesis A">Genesis A</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_B" title="Genesis B">Genesis B</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell_(drama)" title="Harrowing of Hell (drama)">Harrowing of Hell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="Life of Adam and Eve">Life of Adam and Eve</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Adam" title="Testament of Adam">Testament of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_Truth" title="Testimony of Truth">Testimony of Truth</a> (3rd century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_Adam_and_Eve_with_Satan" title="Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan">Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan</a></i> (6th century)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Old_Saxon_Genesis" title="Old Saxon Genesis">Old Saxon Genesis</a>" (9th century)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Adam_lay_ybounden" title="Adam lay ybounden">Adam lay ybounden</a>" (15th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i> (1667)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Dernier_Homme" title="Le Dernier Homme">Le Dernier Homme</a></i> (1805)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Extracts_from_Adam%27s_Diary" title="Extracts from Adam's Diary">Extracts from Adam's Diary</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eve%27s_Diary" title="Eve's Diary">Eve's Diary</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Genesis_(comic)" title="The Book of Genesis (comic)">The Book of Genesis</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="The Rise and Fall of Adam and Eve">The Rise and Fall of Adam and Eve</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernward_Doors" title="Bernward Doors">Bernward Doors</a> (1015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapestry_of_Creation" title="Tapestry of Creation">Tapestry of Creation</a> (11th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_Garden_of_Eden" title="Expulsion from the Garden of Eden">Expulsion from the Garden of Eden</a></i> (1425)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Diptych" title="Vienna Diptych">Vienna Diptych</a></i> (15th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Bosch_triptych)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Last Judgment (Bosch triptych)">The Last Judgment</a></i> (1482)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights" title="The Garden of Earthly Delights">The Garden of Earthly Delights</a></i> (1504)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(D%C3%BCrer)" title="Adam and Eve (Dürer)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1507)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_Adam" title="The Creation of Adam">The Creation of Adam</a></i> (1512)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Haywain_Triptych" title="The Haywain Triptych">The Haywain Triptych</a></i> (1516)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eve,_the_Serpent_and_Death" title="Eve, the Serpent and Death">Eve, the Serpent and Death</a></i> (1510s or 1520s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Cranach)" title="Adam and Eve (Cranach)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1528)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve/Gideon_and_the_Fleece" title="Adam and Eve/Gideon and the Fleece">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1550)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Man_(Titian)" title="The Fall of Man (Titian)">The Fall of Man</a></i> (1550)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Tintoretto)" title="Adam and Eve (Tintoretto)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (c. 1550)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Eden_with_the_Fall_of_Man" title="The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man">The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man</a></i> (1617)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Man_(Rubens)" title="The Fall of Man (Rubens)">The Fall of Man</a></i> (1628)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_in_the_Garden_of_Eden" title="Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden">Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden</a></i> (c. 1650)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(Poussin)" title="The Four Seasons (Poussin)">The Four Seasons</a></i> (1660s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Koren_Picture-Bible_(1692%E2%80%931696)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Koren Picture-Bible (1692–1696)">The Koren Picture-Bible</a></i> (1692–1696)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Blake%27s_illustrations_of_Paradise_Lost" title="William Blake's illustrations of Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i> (19th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_Garden_of_Eden_(Cole)" title="Expulsion from the Garden of Eden (Cole)">Expulsion from the Garden of Eden</a></i> (1828)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Mourning" title="The First Mourning">The First Mourning</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Rodin)" title="Adam and Eve (Rodin)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Valadon)" title="Adam and Eve (Valadon)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eve_(Davidson)" title="Eve (Davidson)"> Eve</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Tamara_de_Lempicka)" title="Adam and Eve (Tamara de Lempicka)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Serpent_Chooses_Adam_and_Eve" title="The Serpent Chooses Adam and Eve">The Serpent Chooses Adam and Eve</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(Lebrun)" title="Genesis (Lebrun)">Genesis</a></i> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Dese_Bones_G%27wine_Rise_Again" title="Dese Bones G'wine Rise Again">Dese Bones G'wine Rise Again</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Adam-ondi-Ahman_(hymn)" title="Adam-ondi-Ahman (hymn)">Adam-ondi-Ahman</a>" (1835)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Fruit_(No%C3%ABl_Coward_song)" title="Forbidden Fruit (Noël Coward song)">Forbidden Fruit</a>" (1915)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Eden_(song)" title="The Garden of Eden (song)">The Garden of Eden</a>" (1956)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" title="In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida">In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida</a>" (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Give_Adam_and_Eve_Another_Chance" title="Let's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance">Let's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance</a>" (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Man_Gave_Names_to_All_the_Animals" title="Man Gave Names to All the Animals">Man Gave Names to All the Animals</a>" (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cainian_Chronicle" title="The Cainian Chronicle">The Cainian Chronicle</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visions_of_Eden" title="Visions of Eden">Visions of Eden</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snakes_for_the_Divine" title="Snakes for the Divine">Snakes for the Divine</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam-ondi-Ahman" title="Adam-ondi-Ahman">Adam-ondi-Ahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Eve" title="Tomb of Eve">Tomb of Eve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve" title="Mitochondrial Eve">Mitochondrial Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y-chromosomal_Adam" title="Y-chromosomal Adam">Y-chromosomal Adam</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Eve" title="The Real Eve">The Real Eve</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Story within a story</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Doraemon:_Nobita%27s_Diary_on_the_Creation_of_the_World" title="Doraemon: Nobita's Diary on the Creation of the World">Doraemon: Nobita's Diary on the Creation of the World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Island_of_Love_(1963_film)" title="Island of Love (1963 film)">Island of Love</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Visitors_(opera)" title="The Visitors (opera)">The Visitors</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Ki_Kahaniyan" title="Bible Ki Kahaniyan">"Adam & Eve"</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Probe_7,_Over_and_Out" title="Probe 7, Over and Out">Probe 7, Over and Out</a>" (1963)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Simpsons_Bible_Stories" title="Simpsons Bible Stories">Simpsons Bible Stories</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In-A-Gadda-Da-Leela" title="In-A-Gadda-Da-Leela">In-A-Gadda-Da-Leela</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Daesong_Heavy_Industries_II:_Return_to_Innocence" class="mw-redirect" title="Daesong Heavy Industries II: Return to Innocence">Daesong Heavy Industries II: Return to Innocence</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holly_Bibble" class="mw-redirect" title="Holly Bibble">Holly Bibble</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Demon:_The_Fallen" title="Demon: The Fallen">Demon: The Fallen</a></i> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Adamite" title="Pre-Adamite">Pre-Adamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Adam" title="Generations of Adam">Generations of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Cave of the Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_cylinder_seal" title="Adam and Eve cylinder seal">Adam and Eve cylinder seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogies_of_Genesis" title="Genealogies of Genesis">Genealogies of Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnal_knowledge" title="Carnal knowledge">Carnal knowledge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Rood" title="Legend of the Rood">Legend of the Rood</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ystorya_Adaf" title="Ystorya Adaf">Ystorya Adaf</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ransom_theory_of_atonement" title="Ransom theory of atonement">Ransom theory of atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adamic_language&oldid=1247836387">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adamic_language&oldid=1247836387</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dante_Alighieri" title="Category:Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hebrew_language" title="Category:Hebrew language">Hebrew language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kabbalah" 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