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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Turks" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Turks" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Turks" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Classificatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Classificatie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turks_alfabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turks_alfabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Turks alfabet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Turks_alfabet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Turks alfabet-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Turks_alfabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uitspraak_letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uitspraak_letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Uitspraak letters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uitspraak_letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Woordstructuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Woordstructuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Woordstructuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Woordstructuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Woordvolgorde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Woordvolgorde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Woordvolgorde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Woordvolgorde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zuivering_en_hervorming_in_de_20ste_eeuw" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zuivering_en_hervorming_in_de_20ste_eeuw"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zuivering en hervorming in de 20ste eeuw</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zuivering_en_hervorming_in_de_20ste_eeuw-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enkele_Turkse_uitdrukkingen_met_Nederlandse_vertaling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enkele_Turkse_uitdrukkingen_met_Nederlandse_vertaling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Enkele Turkse uitdrukkingen met Nederlandse vertaling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enkele_Turkse_uitdrukkingen_met_Nederlandse_vertaling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turks</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 198 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-198" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">198 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%AD%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аҭырқәа бызшәа – Abchazisch" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҭырқәа бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abchazisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Turuki" title="Bahsa Turuki – Atjehs" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Turuki" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atjehs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Тыркубзэ – Adygees" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тыркубзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks" title="Turks – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turks" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkische_Sprache" title="Türkische Sprache – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Türkische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%BD" title="ቱሪክሽ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቱሪክሽ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_turco" title="Idioma turco – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma turco" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तुर्की भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तुर्की भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة التركية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة التركية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تركية – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تركية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89" title="توركى – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توركى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcu" title="Turcu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turcu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Турк мацӀ – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Турк мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkava" title="Turkava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Turkava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_dili" title="Türk dili – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türk dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AC%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="تورکیه تورکجه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تورکیه تورکجه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Төрөк теле – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төрөк теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Turki" title="Basa Turki – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Turki" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiakische_Sproch" title="Tiakische Sproch – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tiakische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torku_kalba" title="Torku kalba – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Torku kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Турэцкая мова – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турэцкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Турэцкая мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Турэцкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Турски език – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Турски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="তুর্কি ভাষা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুর্কি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeg" title="Turkeg – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Turkeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turski_jezik" title="Turski jezik – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Turki" title="Saro Turki – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Turki" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Түрэг хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Түрэг хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turc" title="Turc – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turco" title="Turco – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Turco" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%AB-%C4%AB-g%C3%AC-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Tū-ī-gì-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tū-ī-gì-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Хункархойн мотт – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хункархойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Turko" title="Pinulongang Turko – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Turko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AC%E1%8E%BE_%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᏂᎬᎾ ᎧᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᎬᎾ ᎧᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="زمانی تورکی – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی تورکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_tili" title="Türk tili – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Türk tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ture%C4%8Dtina" title="Turečtina – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turečtina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ABrecczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Tërecczi jãzëk – Kasjoebisch" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Tërecczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kasjoebisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BA%C4%83_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Турккă чĕлхи – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Турккă чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrceg" title="Tyrceg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tyrceg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkisk_(sprog)" title="Tyrkisk (sprog) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyrkisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkische_Sprache" title="Türkische Sprache – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Türkische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1rki" title="Tırki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tırki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkoj%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Turkojšćina – Nedersorbisch" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turkojšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Turki" title="Boros Turki – Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Turki" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Τουρκική γλώσσα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turc" title="Turc – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Turc" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turkish language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turka_lingvo" title="Turka lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turka lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_turco" title="Idioma turco – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma turco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrgi_keel" title="Türgi keel – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türgi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiera" title="Turkiera – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="زبان ترکی استانبولی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان ترکی استانبولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkin_kieli" title="Turkin kieli – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Turkiskt mál – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Turkiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turc" title="Turc – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Turc" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkisk_spriak" title="Türkisk spriak – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Türkisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turksk" title="Turksk – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turksk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuircis" title="An Tuircis – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tuircis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_dili" title="Türk dili – Gagaoezisch" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Türk dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagaoezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcais" title="Turcais – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Turcais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_turca" title="Lingua turca – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua turca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ايستامبۊلي زوان – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايستامبۊلي زوان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuykia%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Tuykiañe'ẽ – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tuykiañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="तुर्की भास – Goa Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तुर्की भास" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goa Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B6_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="તુર્કિશ ભાષા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તુર્કિશ ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish" title="Turkish – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Turkish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkanci" title="Turkanci – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turkanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BA-ng%C3%AD-kh%C3%AC-ng%C3%AE" title="Thú-ngí-khì-ngî – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thú-ngí-khì-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%AA" title="טורקית – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורקית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तुर्कीयाई भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्कीयाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_bhasa" title="Turkish bhasa – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Turkish bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turski_jezik" title="Turski jezik – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkow%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Turkowšćina – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Turkowšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6r%C3%B6k_nyelv" title="Török nyelv – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Török nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Թուրքերեն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Թրքերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թրքերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Turki" title="Jaku Turki – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Turki" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Turki" title="Bahasa Turki – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Turko" title="Pagsasao a Turko – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Turko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Туркий мотт – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Туркий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turka_linguo" title="Turka linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turka linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkneska" title="Tyrkneska – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tyrkneska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_turca" title="Lingua turca – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua turca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="トルコ語 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルコ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Turki" title="Basa Turki – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Turki" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="თურქული ენა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArk_tili" title="Túrk tili – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Túrk tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Тыркубзэ – Kabardisch" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тыркубзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukya_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Turukya (a̱lyem) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Turukya (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Turki" title="Bahasa Turki – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Turki" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Түрік тілі – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түрік тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%96%B4" title="튀르키예어 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튀르키예어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Тюрк кыв – Komi-Permjaaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Тюрк кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permjaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%90%DA%86_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکِچ زبان – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ترکِچ زبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_tirk%C3%AE" title="Zimanê tirkî – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê tirkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Турок кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Турок кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkek" title="Turkek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Turkek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%87%D3%A9%D1%81%D2%AF" title="Анадолу Түркчөсү – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Анадолу Түркчөсү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Turcica" title="Lingua Turcica – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Turcica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_turkana" title="Lingua turkana – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua turkana" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierkesch" title="Tierkesch – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tierkesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Туркнал маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Туркнал маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Туьрк чӀал – Lezgisch" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Туьрк чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turces_(lingua)" title="Turces (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Turces (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rks" title="Törks – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Törks" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_t%C3%BCrca" title="Lengua türca – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua türca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88" title="ພາສາທືກເຈ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາທືກເຈ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C5%B3_kalba" title="Turkų kalba – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turkų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku_valoda" title="Turku valoda – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turku valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Туркань кяль – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Туркань кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_tiorka" title="Fiteny tiorka – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny tiorka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Турко йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Турко йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_T%C4%81kei" title="Reo Tākei – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Tākei" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Turki" title="Bahaso Turki – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Turki" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Турски јазик – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Турски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="തുർക്കിഷ് ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്കിഷ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Турк хэл – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Турк хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯇꯔꯀꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ – Meitei" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯔꯀꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Meitei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तुर्की भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर्की भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Турок йӹлмӹ – West-Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Турок йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="West-Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Turki" title="Bahasa Turki – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="တူရကီဘာသာစကား – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တူရကီဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Турконь кель – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Турконь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ایستامبولی ترکی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایستامبولی ترکی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rksche_Spraak" title="Törksche Spraak – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Törksche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks" title="Turks – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Turks" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तुर्केली भाषा – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तुर्केली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तर्किश भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तर्किश भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkisk" title="Tyrkisk – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyrkisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkisk" title="Tyrkisk – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrkisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seturkish" title="Seturkish – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Seturkish" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turc" title="Turc – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Turc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Туркаг æвзаг – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Туркаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turko" title="Turko – Papiaments" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Turko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiaments" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turc" title="Turc – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Turc" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_turecki" title="Język turecki – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język turecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_turca" title="Lenga turca – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga turca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ترک بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترک بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="تورکي ژبه – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تورکي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_turca" title="Língua turca – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua turca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku_simi" title="Turku simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Turku simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tirca" title="Lingua tirca – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua tirca" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkikani_chib" title="Turkikani chib – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Turkikani chib" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_turc%C4%83" title="Limba turcă – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba turcă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Турецкий язык – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Турецкий язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Турецькый язык – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Турецькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igiturukiya" title="Igiturukiya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igiturukiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Туурак тыла – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Туурак тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_turca" title="Limba turca – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba turca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_turca" title="Lingua turca – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua turca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkis_leid" title="Turkis leid – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turkis leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="ترڪي ٻولي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ترڪي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durkkagiella" title="Durkkagiella – Noord-Samisch" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Durkkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Samisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turski_jezik" title="Turski jezik – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="තුර්කි භාෂාව – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තුර්කි භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turkish language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ture%C4%8Dtina" title="Turečtina – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turečtina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Turščina – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chituruki" title="Chituruki – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chituruki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Turki" title="Af-Turki – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Turki" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_turke" title="Gjuha turke – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha turke" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Турски језик – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Турски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Turki" title="Basa Turki – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Turki" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiska" title="Turkiska – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituruki" title="Kituruki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kituruki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turecko_godka" title="Turecko godka – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Turecko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="துருக்கிய மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்கிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%A3" title="Забони туркӣ – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони туркӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาตุรกี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาตุรกี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_dili" title="Türk dili – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Türk dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Turko" title="Wikang Turko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Turko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkij%C9%99_zyvon" title="Tyrkijə zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Tyrkijə zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e" title="Türkçe – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türkçe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Төрек теле – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төрек теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Турк дыл – Toevaans" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Турк дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Toevaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Турок кыл – Oedmoerts" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Турок кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Oedmoerts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="تۈرك تىلى – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۈرك تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Турецька мова – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Турецька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترکی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk_tili" title="Turk tili – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turk tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_turca" title="Łéngua turca – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua turca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkan_kel%27" title="Turkan kel' – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Turkan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Th%E1%BB%95_Nh%C4%A9_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Türkänapük – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Türkänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trouk_(lingaedje)" title="Trouk (lingaedje) – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Trouk (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinurkiya" title="Tinurkiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tinurkiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="土耳其语 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土耳其语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Түргдин келн – Kalmuks" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Түргдин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="თურქული ნინა – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თურქული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A9" title="טערקיש – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טערקיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_T%C3%BArk%C3%AC" title="Èdè Túrkì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Túrkì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="土耳其语 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土耳其语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3%CD%98-n%C3%AD-k%C3%AE-g%C3%AD" title="Thó͘-ní-kî-gí – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thó͘-ní-kî-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E6%96%87" title="土耳其文 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土耳其文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q256#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turks" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Turks" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" 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title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turks"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Turks" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Turks" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&oldid=67792312" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Turks&id=67792312&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurks"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurks"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Turks"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Turks&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkish_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Turks" hreflang="nl"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Taalgids_Turks" hreflang="nl"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q256" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-woordenboek" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="tpl_Woordenboek"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Turks" title="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek"><img alt="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Turks<br />Türkçe </th></tr> <tr> <th>Gesproken in </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije">Turkije</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus (hoofdbetekenis)">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Griekenland" title="Griekenland">Griekenland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije">Bulgarije</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië">Syrië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noord-Macedoni%C3%AB" title="Noord-Macedonië">Noord-Macedonië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosni%C3%AB_en_Herzegovina" title="Bosnië en Herzegovina">Bosnië en Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldavi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Moldavië (land)">Moldavië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbeidzjan" title="Azerbeidzjan">Azerbeidzjan</a> en immigrantengemeenschappen in <a href="/wiki/Duitsland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duitsland (hoofdbetekenis)">Duitsland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankrijk (hoofdbetekenis)">Frankrijk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nederland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederland (hoofdbetekenis)">Nederland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oostenrijk" title="Oostenrijk">Oostenrijk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oezbekistan" title="Oezbekistan">Oezbekistan</a> <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde Staten (hoofdbetekenis)">Verenigde Staten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="België (hoofdbetekenis)">België</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zwitserland" title="Zwitserland">Zwitserland</a> en andere Turkse diaspora </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sprekers </th> <td colspan="2">81 miljoen (moedertaal) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rang </th> <td colspan="2">15-16 (afhankelijk van rekenwijze) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Taalfamilie" title="Taalfamilie">Taalfamilie</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alta%C3%AFsche_talen" title="Altaïsche talen">Altaïsch</a><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkse_talen" title="Turkse talen">Turkse talen</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogoezische_talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogoezische talen (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ogoezisch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westelijk_Ogoezische_talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westelijk Ogoezische talen (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ogoezisch-Westelijk</a> <ul><li><b>Turks</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Creoolse_talen" title="Creoolse talen">Creoolse talen</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkse_creoolse_talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkse creoolse talen (de pagina bestaat niet)">Turkse creoolse talen</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet (hoofdbetekenis)">Alfabet</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Latijns_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Latijns alfabet">Latijns</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Officiële status </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Offici%C3%ABle_taal" title="Officiële taal">Officieel in</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Turkije"><img alt="Vlag van Turkije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije">Turkije</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Noord-Cyprus"><img alt="Vlag van Noord-Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Noord-Cyprus" title="Noord-Cyprus">Noord-Cyprus</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Cyprus"><img alt="Vlag van Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Erkende minderheidstaal<br />in </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Kosovo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Kosovo"><img alt="Vlag van Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Roemenië"><img alt="Vlag van Roemenië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a><sup id="cite_ref-Council_of_Europe_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Council_of_Europe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Noord-Macedonië"><img alt="Vlag van Noord-Macedonië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Noord-Macedoni%C3%AB" title="Noord-Macedonië">Noord-Macedonië</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bosnië en Herzegovina"><img alt="Vlag van Bosnië en Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bosni%C3%AB_en_Herzegovina" title="Bosnië en Herzegovina">Bosnië en Herzegovina</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Taalunie" title="Taalunie">Taalorganisatie</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCrk_Dil_Kurumu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Türk Dil Kurumu (de pagina bestaat niet)">Türk Dil Kurumu</a> en <a href="/wiki/Turksoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Turksoy">Turksoy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Taalcodes </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1 </th> <td colspan="2">tr </td></tr> <tr> <th>ISO 639-2 </th> <td colspan="2">tur </td></tr> <tr> <th>ISO 639-3 </th> <td colspan="2">tur </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Taal" title="Portaal:Taal">Taal</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Map_of_Turkish_Language.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_Turkish_Language.svg/350px-Map_of_Turkish_Language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_Turkish_Language.svg/525px-Map_of_Turkish_Language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_Turkish_Language.svg/700px-Map_of_Turkish_Language.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>Landen waar Turks officieel is</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Turkic_language_map-present_range.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Turkic_language_map-present_range.png/350px-Turkic_language_map-present_range.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Turkic_language_map-present_range.png/525px-Turkic_language_map-present_range.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Turkic_language_map-present_range.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption>De Turkse talen zijn zeer wijdverspreid, maar toch zo nauw verwant dat het volgens taalwetenschappers meer dialecten zijn dan talen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Het <b>Turks</b> (<i>Türkçe</i>) of <b>Anatolisch Turks</b> is een van de <a href="/wiki/Turkse_talen" title="Turkse talen">Turkse talen</a> en de officiële <a href="/wiki/Taal_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taal (hoofdbetekenis)">taal</a> van <a href="/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije">Turkije</a>. Het Turks is ook een van de officiële talen van <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus (hoofdbetekenis)">Cyprus</a> en enkele gemeenten van <a href="/wiki/Noord-Macedoni%C3%AB" title="Noord-Macedonië">Noord-Macedonië</a>. Buiten Turkije wordt de taal gesproken door Turkse minderheden in landen in de <a href="/wiki/Balkan_(schiereiland)" title="Balkan (schiereiland)">Balkan</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Kaukasus_(gebied)" title="Kaukasus (gebied)">Kaukasus</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Arabische_wereld" title="Arabische wereld">Arabische wereld</a> zoals <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Griekenland" title="Griekenland">Griekenland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije">Bulgarije</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosni%C3%AB_en_Herzegovina" title="Bosnië en Herzegovina">Bosnië en Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië">Syrië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldavi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Moldavië (land)">Moldavië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Azerbeidzjan" title="Azerbeidzjan">Azerbeidzjan</a>. Door afstammelingen van Turkse emigranten (van het Ottomaanse Rijk) in de Arabische wereld, de <a href="/wiki/Turkmenen" title="Turkmenen">Turkmenen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> en <a href="/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië">Syrië</a>, worden Turkse dialecten gesproken. Turks wordt tevens gesproken door miljoenen Turkse emigranten en hun nakomelingen in andere landen, zoals Duitsland, Nederland en België. </p><p>Het Turks is een <a href="/wiki/Agglutinatie_(taalkunde)" title="Agglutinatie (taalkunde)">agglutinerende taal</a> met <a href="/wiki/Klinkerharmonie" title="Klinkerharmonie">klinkerharmonie</a>. Zeer vaak wordt het Turks als voorbeeld genoemd als men het heeft over agglutinerende talen. </p><p>De oudste geschreven bronnen in een Turkse taal zijn <a href="/wiki/Runen" title="Runen">runeninscripties</a> uit de 8ste eeuw.<sup id="cite_ref-crystal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crystal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoewel het eigenlijk dezelfde taal betreft, gaan de verschillen tussen het hedendaagse Turks en het <a href="/wiki/Osmaans_(taal)" title="Osmaans (taal)">Osmaans</a> verder dan alleen het schrift. Het <a href="/wiki/Osmaans_(taal)" title="Osmaans (taal)">Osmaans</a> is namelijk doorspekt met zeer veel <a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabische</a> en <a href="/wiki/Perzisch" title="Perzisch">Perzische</a> <a href="/wiki/Leenwoord" title="Leenwoord">leenwoorden</a> en door taalzuivering heeft men die invloed in het hedendaagse Turks drastisch gereduceerd. Hierdoor is er een groot verschil in <a href="/wiki/Woordenschat" title="Woordenschat">woordenschat</a> ontstaan. Terwijl het Osmaans als elitetaal van de edelen, de geestelijkheid en de rijken voor het volk onverstaanbaar was, werd het puristische <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Öztürkçe (de pagina bestaat niet)">Öztürkçe</a></i>, dat als reactie in opdracht van <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Kemal Atatürk</a> werd ontworpen, ook door maar weinigen begrepen. Na een aantal zeer controversiële taalhervormingen, die niet zelden gepaard gingen met een (gewelddadige) regimewisseling, is de huidige Turkse schrijftaal ontstaan, die heel redelijk bij de spreektaal aansluit. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificatie">Classificatie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Classificatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Classificatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het Turks maakt deel uit van de familie van <a href="/wiki/Turkse_talen" title="Turkse talen">Turkse talen</a>, die ook gesproken worden in een groot deel van <a href="/wiki/Centraal-Azi%C3%AB" title="Centraal-Azië">Centraal-Azië</a>, en die een zo grote onderlinge verwantschap hebben, dat ze grotendeels onderling verstaanbaar zijn. </p><p>De Turkse talen worden door enkele academici gerekend tot de <a href="/wiki/Alta%C3%AFsche_talen" title="Altaïsche talen">Altaïsche talen</a>, maar deze theorie is zeer omstreden en wordt vandaag de dag door de meeste taalkundigen verworpen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turks_alfabet">Turks alfabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Turks alfabet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Turks alfabet"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Turks_alfabet" title="Turks alfabet">Turks alfabet</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Het Turks wordt geschreven met het - enigszins aangepaste - <a href="/wiki/Latijns_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Latijns alfabet">Latijnse alfabet</a>. Zo zijn onder andere de letters x, q en w niet opgenomen in het alfabet, terwijl er wel andere, extra letters zijn toegevoegd, zoals ç, ğ, ı, ö, ş en ü. Met zijn aanpassingen noemt men dit het <i>Türk alfabesi</i> (Turks alfabet). Dit werd in <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> in het kader van de <a href="/wiki/Kemalisme" title="Kemalisme">Kemalistische</a> hervormingen in Turkije ingevoerd. Tot dan werd het, eveneens enigszins aangepaste, <a href="/wiki/Perzisch_alfabet" title="Perzisch alfabet">Perzisch-Arabische alfabet</a> gebruikt. In dat alfabet geschreven noemt men de taal meestal <a href="/wiki/Osmaans_(taal)" title="Osmaans (taal)">Osmaans</a> (Turks: <i>Osmanlıca</i>). </p><p>Het Turks alfabet bevat 29 letters. De letters <b>Ç</b>, <b>Ğ</b>, <b>İ</b>, <b>Ö</b>, <b>Ş</b> en <b>Ü</b> komen niet voor in het <a href="/wiki/Nederlands_alfabet" title="Nederlands alfabet">Nederlands alfabet</a>, maar de <b>Ö</b> en <b>Ü</b> worden wel gebruikt in het <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a>. De letters <b>Q</b>, <b>W</b> en <b>X</b> komen niet voor in het Turks, maar de <b>W</b> wordt wel gebruikt voor op het <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a>. </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <pre><b>a - A</b> </pre> </td> <td> <pre>b - B </pre> </td> <td> <pre><b>c - C</b> </pre> </td> <td> <pre>ç - Ç </pre> </td> <td> <pre><b>d - D</b> </pre> </td> <td> <pre>e - E </pre> </td> <td> <pre><b>f - F</b> </pre> </td> <td> <pre>g - G </pre> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <pre><b>ğ - Ğ</b> </pre> </td> <td> <pre>h - H </pre> </td> <td> <pre><b>ı - I</b> </pre> </td> <td> <pre>i - İ </pre> </td> <td> <pre><b>j - J</b> </pre> </td> <td> <pre>k - K </pre> </td> <td> <pre><b>l - L</b> </pre> </td> <td> <pre>m - M </pre> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <pre><b>n - N</b> </pre> </td> <td> <pre>o - O </pre> </td> <td> <pre><b>ö - Ö</b> </pre> </td> <td> <pre>p - P </pre> </td> <td> <pre><b>r - R</b> </pre> </td> <td> <pre>s - S </pre> </td> <td> <pre><b>ş - Ş</b> </pre> </td> <td> <pre>t - T </pre> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <pre><b>u - U</b> </pre> </td> <td> <pre>ü - Ü </pre> </td> <td> <pre><b>v - V</b> </pre> </td> <td> <pre>y - Y </pre> </td> <td> <pre><b>z - Z</b> </pre> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uitspraak_letters">Uitspraak letters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Uitspraak letters" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Uitspraak letters"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dit is de uitspraak van enkele letters uit het Turkse alfabet. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>c</td> <td>dzj (Engels <i>G</i>eneral) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ç</td> <td>tsj (<i>Tsj</i>echië) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ş</td> <td>sj (<i>sj</i>ouwen) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ı</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sjwa" title="Sjwa">ə</a> (d<i>e</i>), (Engels s<i>i</i>r) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ğ</td> <td>overgangsletter, doğa de o wordt oo </td></tr> <tr> <td>v</td> <td>w </td></tr> <tr> <td>y</td> <td>j </td></tr> <tr> <td>j</td> <td>zj (Frans <i>J</i>acques) </td></tr> <tr> <td>u</td> <td>oe </td></tr> <tr> <td>ü</td> <td>u (min<i>uu</i>t) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ö</td> <td>korte eu (d<i>eu</i>r) </td></tr> <tr> <td>g</td> <td>(Frans <i>g</i>arçon) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Woordstructuur">Woordstructuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Woordstructuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Woordstructuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naar zijn <a href="/wiki/Morfologie_(taalkunde)" title="Morfologie (taalkunde)">morfologie</a> is Turks een <a href="/wiki/Agglutinatie_(taalkunde)" title="Agglutinatie (taalkunde)">agglutinerende</a> taal met <a href="/wiki/Morfeem" title="Morfeem">morfemen</a> die aan een <a href="/wiki/Radix_(taalkunde)" title="Radix (taalkunde)">wortel</a> worden gehangen "zoals parels aan een snoer". Er zijn geen <a href="/wiki/Prefix_(taalkunde)" title="Prefix (taalkunde)">voorvoegsels</a> en er is geen productieve <a href="/wiki/Samenstelling_(taalkunde)" title="Samenstelling (taalkunde)">samenstelling</a> zoals in het Duits en het <a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_samenstelling" title="Nederlandse samenstelling">Nederlands</a>. Samenstellingen die tot de vaste <a href="/wiki/Woordenschat" title="Woordenschat">woordenschat</a> behoren, hebben een niet-samengestelde betekenis; zo is <i>acemborusu</i> (letterlijk "Perzische pijp") gewoon de naam van een bloem. Woorden ontstaan door een zeer productieve <a href="/wiki/Affix" title="Affix">affixatie</a> van meervoudige <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">achtervoegsels</a> aan een kernwoordenlijst van ongeveer 30.000 wortels, eigennamen uitgezonderd. De <a href="/wiki/Zelfstandig_naamwoord" title="Zelfstandig naamwoord">zelfstandige naamwoorden</a> hebben geen <a href="/wiki/Latijnse_klassen" title="Latijnse klassen">klasse</a> en geen morfologisch of grammaticaal <a href="/wiki/Geslacht_(taalkunde)" title="Geslacht (taalkunde)">geslacht</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oflazer_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oflazer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Klinkerharmonie" title="Klinkerharmonie">Klinkerharmonie</a> is de overeenkomst tussen opeenvolgende lettergrepen volgens de <a href="/wiki/Articulatie_(spraak)" title="Articulatie (spraak)">articulatie</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Klinker_(klank)" title="Klinker (klank)">klinkers</a>. Turks kent zowel een tweevoudige als een viervoudige klinkerharmonie. Bij de tweevoudige klinkerharmonie worden de klinkers ingedeeld in twee families: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voorklinker" title="Voorklinker">voorklinkers</a>: e i ö ü</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achterklinker" title="Achterklinker">achterklinkers</a>: a ı o u</li></ul> <p>Achtervoegsels bestaan uit een of twee lettergrepen, en de klinkers in de achtervoegsels worden aangepast aan de laatste klinker uit het stamwoord. Zo wordt het meervoud in het Turks gevormd door aan het zelfstandig naamwoord het achtervoegsel <i>-ler</i> of <i>-lar</i> toe te voegen naargelang van de familie van de laatste klinker van dat zelfstandig naamwoord. Het meervoud van <i>kitap</i> (boek) is <i>kitaplar,</i> terwijl het meervoud van <i>şişe</i> (fles) <i>şişeler</i> is.<sup id="cite_ref-schaaik_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schaaik-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bij viervoudige klinkerharmonie heeft een achtervoegsel 4 verschillende varianten. Het achtervoegsel dat de functie van het Nederlands bepaald <a href="/wiki/Lidwoord" title="Lidwoord">lidwoord</a> vervult, heeft de varianten <i>-ı, -i, -u</i> en <i>ü</i> met daarnaast nog de vormen <i>-yı, -yi, -yu</i> en <i>yü</i> voor zelfstandige naamwoorden die op een klinker eindigen.<sup id="cite_ref-schaaik_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schaaik-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Woordvolgorde">Woordvolgorde</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Woordvolgorde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Woordvolgorde"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De natuurlijke <a href="/wiki/Woordvolgorde" title="Woordvolgorde">woordvolgorde</a> van een taal is de volgorde van het onderwerp, werkwoord en lijdend voorwerp in een neutrale (d.w.z. zonder bijzondere klemtoon), actieve, mededelende zin. Turks is een <a href="/wiki/SOV-volgorde" title="SOV-volgorde">SOV-taal</a>, wat wil zeggen dat een typische mededelende zin begint met het onderwerp, gevolgd door het lijdend voorwerp, en eindigt met het werkwoord. </p><p>In principe leveren de 3 zinsdelen onderwerp (subject, S), voorwerp (object, O) en werkwoord (verbum, V) 6 mogelijke volgordes op, maar de talen van de wereld zijn ongelijk gegroepeerd. SOV-talen zoals het Turks vormen nipt de grootste groep met 45% van alle bekende levende talen, gevolgd door SVO-talen zoals het <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a> met 42%. </p><p>Het Turks taalgebruik laat echter zeer veel variatie toe, zelfs (in tegenstelling tot andere SOV-talen zoals <a href="/wiki/Koreaans" title="Koreaans">Koreaans</a> en <a href="/wiki/Japans" title="Japans">Japans</a>) door zinsdelen achter het werkwoord te plaatsen. De volgende 6 zinnen zijn allemaal correcte Turkse vertalingen van "De auteur beëindigde het artikel":<sup id="cite_ref-ozsoy_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ozsoy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Yazar makale-yi bitir-di. SOV</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Auteur artikel (<a href="/wiki/Accusatief" title="Accusatief">accusatief</a>) beëindig (<a href="/wiki/Verleden_tijd" title="Verleden tijd">verleden tijd</a>)</i></dd></dl> <ul><li>Makale-yi yazar bitir-di. OSV</li> <li>Kitab-ı bitir-di yazar. OVS</li> <li>Yazar bitir-di makale-yi. SVO</li> <li>Bitir-di yazar makale-yi. VSO</li> <li>Bitir-di makale-yi yazar. VOS</li></ul> <p>De onderlinge volgorde van lijdend voorwerp en werkwoord is, om taalevolutionaire redenen, nauw verbonden met de volgorde van andere zinsdelen en woordgroepen. Zo komt het dat de volgende lange Turkse zin bijna exact de omgekeerde woordvolgorde heeft van zijn Engelse vertaling:<sup id="cite_ref-deutscher_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deutscher-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>şehirli leştir eme dik ler imiz den siniz</dd> <dd>you are (<i>siniz</i>) one of (<i>den</i>) those (<i>ler</i>) whom (<i>dik</i>) we (<i>imiz</i>) can't (<i>eme</i>) turn (<i>leştir</i>) into a town-dweller (<i>şehirli</i>)</dd> <dd>(<i>U bent een van hen van wie we geen stedeling kunnen maken</i>)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zuivering_en_hervorming_in_de_20ste_eeuw">Zuivering en hervorming in de 20ste eeuw</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zuivering en hervorming in de 20ste eeuw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zuivering en hervorming in de 20ste eeuw"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:TurkishVocabulary.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/TurkishVocabulary.png/350px-TurkishVocabulary.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/TurkishVocabulary.png/525px-TurkishVocabulary.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/TurkishVocabulary.png/700px-TurkishVocabulary.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Diagram van de oorsprong van Turkse woorden.</figcaption></figure> <p>Door contacten met <a href="/wiki/Perzen" title="Perzen">Perzen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Arabieren" title="Arabieren">Arabieren</a>, door de <a href="/wiki/Islam_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam (hoofdbetekenis)">islam</a> als staatsgodsdienst en door zijn positie als officiële taal van het <a href="/wiki/Ottomaanse_Rijk" title="Ottomaanse Rijk">Ottomaanse Rijk</a>, onderging het Turks een buitengewoon sterke invloed van het Perzisch en het Arabisch, niet alleen door <a href="/wiki/Leenwoord" title="Leenwoord">leen</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Bastaardwoord" title="Bastaardwoord">bastaardwoorden</a> maar ook door grammaticale constructies. Het alfabet was ontleend aan de Perzische versie van het Arabische alfabet. Het ambtelijke en militaire taalgebruik week op den duur zo sterk af van de volkstaal in het Turkse kerngebied <a href="/wiki/Anatoli%C3%AB" title="Anatolië">Anatolië</a>, dat het een afzonderlijke naam kreeg: <a href="/wiki/Osmaans_(taal)" title="Osmaans (taal)">Osmaans</a>. Vanaf de negentiende eeuw gingen <a href="/wiki/Nationalisme" title="Nationalisme">nationalistische</a> stemmen op om de taal de zuiveren van vreemde invloeden. Na de <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Wereldoorlog" title="Eerste Wereldoorlog">Eerste Wereldoorlog</a> werd <a href="/wiki/Taalpurisme" title="Taalpurisme">taalpurisme</a> een politiek programmapunt van Atatürk.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Op 1 november 1928 besliste het parlement, onder invloed van Atatürk, tot een snelle overschakeling op een nieuw Turks alfabet, gebaseerd op het Latijnse. Vanaf 1929 mochten geen nieuwe boeken in het oude alfabet verschijnen en na 1 juni 1929 moest alle briefwisseling tussen privépersonen en overheidsdiensten de nieuwe letters gebruiken. Een eerdere poging van <a href="/wiki/Enver_Pasja" title="Enver Pasja">Enver Pasja</a> om in 1913 het alfabet te hervormen door een aanpassing van de Arabische letters, was mislukt.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Op 12 juli 1932 richtte de regering van Atatürk de <i>Türk Dili Tetkik Cemiyeti</i> (Turkse Maatschappij voor Taalstudie) op, 4 jaar later hernoemd tot <i>Türk Dil Kurumu</i> (TDK), met als doel de creatie van Turkse vervangers voor vreemde woorden in het Ottomaans. Het instituut bleef tot in 1983 lijsten met nieuwe woorden maken waarvan vele ook daadwerkelijk ingang vonden in het dagelijks taalgebruik. De leden van de TDK waren meestal geen taalkundigen en de vorming van de nieuwe woorden had vaak een discutabele wetenschappelijke onderbouwing. Hoogtepunt van de pseudowetenschappelijke achtergrond van de taalhervorming was de 'Theorie van de zonnetaal,' een hypothese die Atatürk zelf in 1935 ontwikkelde na het lezen van een verhandeling van Hermann Kvergić.<sup id="cite_ref-kvergic_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kvergic-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volgens deze theorie hadden alle talen van de wereld, ook de Europese, het Turks als gemeenschappelijke voorouder (zie ook <a href="/wiki/Panturkisme" title="Panturkisme">panturkisme</a>). Sommigen hebben hierin een maneuver gezien om de overijverige TDK tot pragmatisme aan te zetten en ingeburgerde Arabische en Perzische woorden met rust te laten. Het is voor Turken niet gemakkelijk teksten te lezen van voor de grote taalzuivering. De belangrijke zesdaagse toespraak <i>Nutuk</i> die Atatürk in 1927 hield om het einde van het Ottomaanse Rijk en de opkomst van de <a href="/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije">Republiek Turkije</a> aan te kondigen, moest in 1963 'vertaald worden in hedendaags taalgebruik', en minder dan twintig jaar later was een nieuwe hertaling nodig. De TDK ging zich later vooral bezig houden met voorstellen voor alternatieven voor Engelse woorden.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enkele_Turkse_uitdrukkingen_met_Nederlandse_vertaling">Enkele Turkse uitdrukkingen met Nederlandse vertaling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Enkele Turkse uitdrukkingen met Nederlandse vertaling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Enkele Turkse uitdrukkingen met Nederlandse vertaling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a> </th> <th>Turks </th></tr> <tr> <td>hallo</td> <td>merhaba </td></tr> <tr> <td>goedemorgen</td> <td>günaydın </td></tr> <tr> <td>doei</td> <td>güle güle </td></tr> <tr> <td>alstublieft (in vraagvorm)</td> <td>lütfen </td></tr> <tr> <td>dank u</td> <td>teşekkür ederim </td></tr> <tr> <td>ja</td> <td>evet </td></tr> <tr> <td>nee</td> <td>hayır </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turks</td> <td>Türkçe </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nederlands (Hollands)</td> <td>Hollandaca </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nederlander (Hollander)</td> <td>Hollandalı </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kunt u Nederlands spreken?</td> <td>Hollandaca konuşabiliyor musunuz? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ik weet het niet.</td> <td>Bilmiyorum </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kunt u Engels spreken?</td> <td>İngilizce konuşabiliyor musunuz? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ik heet .....</td> <td>Benim adım ...... </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hoe heet jij?</td> <td>Senin adın ne? </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Council_of_Europe-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Council_of_Europe_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070623234606/http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&CM=&DF=&CL=ENG&VL=1">[1]</a> List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 (Council of Europe, Status as of: 27/9/2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list">Full list</a>. <i>Treaty Office</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-02-24">24 februari 2021</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crystal-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-crystal_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Languages of the World: Altaic,</i> hoofdstuk 52 in <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Crystal, David</span>, "The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language," 2de uitgave, Cambridge University Press 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oflazer-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-oflazer_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Oflazer, Kemal</span> en <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Saraçlar, Murat</span>, <i>Turkish and Its Challenges for Language and Speech Processing,</i> hoofdstuk 1 in <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Oflazer, Kemal</span> en <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Saraçlar, Murat</span> (reds.), "Turkish Natural Language Processing," Springer Theory and Applications of Natural Language Processing 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schaaik-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-schaaik_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schaaik_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Morphological variation,</i> hoofdstuk 5 in <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Van Schaaik, Gerjan</span>, "The Oxford Turkish Grammar," Oxford University Press 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ozsoy-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ozsoy_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Özsoy, A. Sumru</span> (red.), "Word Order in Turkish," Springer Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory <b>97</b>, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-deutscher-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-deutscher_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Deutscher, Guy</span>, "The Unfolding of Language," William Heinemann 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lewis, Geoffrey</span>, "The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success," Oxford University Press 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kvergic-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-kvergic_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kvergić, Hermann F.</span>, "La psychologie de quelques éléments des langues Turques," Wenen 1935.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Turkse_talen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_Turkse_talen" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie Turkse talen"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_Turkse_talen&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Turkse_talen" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Turkse_talen" title="Turkse talen">Turkse talen</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Ogoers:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Tsjoevasjisch" title="Tsjoevasjisch">Tsjoevasjisch</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolgar_(taal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolgar (taal) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bolgar</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chazarisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chazarisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Chazarisch</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Oeigoers:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kturks" title="Gökturks">Gökturks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_(taal)" title="Chagatai (taal)">Chagatai</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oezbeeks" title="Oezbeeks">Oezbeeks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oeigoers" title="Oeigoers">Oeigoers</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84ynu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Äynu (de pagina bestaat niet)">Äynu</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lop (de pagina bestaat niet)">Lop</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ili_(dialect)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ili (dialect) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ili</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Kiptsjaaks:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Kazachs" title="Kazachs">Kazachs</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kirgizisch" title="Kirgizisch">Kirgizisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tataars" title="Tataars">Tataars</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altajs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altajs (de pagina bestaat niet)">Altajs</a> · <a href="/wiki/Basjkiers" title="Basjkiers">Basjkiers</a> · <a href="/wiki/Karatsjaj-Balkaars" title="Karatsjaj-Balkaars">Karatsjaj-Balkaars</a> · <a href="/wiki/Karakalpaks" title="Karakalpaks">Karakalpaks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koemuks" title="Koemuks">Koemuks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kara%C3%AFm" title="Karaïm">Karaïm</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koemaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koemaans (de pagina bestaat niet)">Koemaans</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krymtsjak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krymtsjak (de pagina bestaat niet)">Krymtsjak </a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baraba_(taal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baraba (taal) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Baraba</a> · <a href="/wiki/Krim-Tataars" title="Krim-Tataars">Krim-Tataars</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Ogoezisch:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Azerbeidzjaans" title="Azerbeidzjaans">Azerbeidzjaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Turkmeens" title="Turkmeens">Turkmeens</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gagaoezisch" title="Gagaoezisch">Gagaoezisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Osmaans_(taal)" title="Osmaans (taal)">Osmaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Balkan-Gagaoezisch_Turks" title="Balkan-Gagaoezisch Turks">Balkan-Turks</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horasan-Turks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horasan-Turks (de pagina bestaat niet)">Horasan-Turks</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petsjenegisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petsjenegisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Petsjenegisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Qashqai_(taal)" title="Qashqai (taal)">Qashqai</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salar_(taal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salar (taal) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Salar</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afsjarisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afsjarisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Afsjarisch</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraaks-Turkmeens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraaks-Turkmeens (de pagina bestaat niet)">Iraaks-Turkmeens</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Khalaj:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalaj (de pagina bestaat niet)">Khalaj </a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Siberisch:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Chakassisch" title="Chakassisch">Chakassisch</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolgaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolgaans (de pagina bestaat niet)">Dolgaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jakoets" title="Jakoets">Jakoets</a> · <a href="/wiki/Toevaans" title="Toevaans">Toevaans</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjoelyms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsjoelyms (de pagina bestaat niet)">Tsjoelyms</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuyu-Kirgizisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuyu-Kirgizisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Fuyu-Kirgizisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sjor" title="Sjor">Sjor</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tofa (de pagina bestaat niet)">Tofa</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugur (de pagina bestaat niet)">Yugur</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Mogelijk verwante talen en families:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Alta%C3%AFsche_talen" title="Altaïsche talen">Altaïsche talen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oeraalse_talen" title="Oeraalse talen">Oeraalse talen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mongools" title="Mongools">Mongools</a> · <a href="/wiki/Toengoezische_talen" title="Toengoezische talen">Toengoezisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koreaans" title="Koreaans">Koreaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Japanse_talen" title="Japanse talen">Japanse talen</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/25px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de <i><b><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="tr:">Turkstalige uitgave</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>.</div> </div> <div class="interProject wikibooks mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Turks" class="extiw" title="b:Turks">Wikibooks</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a> heeft meer over dit onderwerp: <i><b><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Turks" class="extiw" title="b:Turks">Cursus Turks (in opbouw)</a></b></i>.</div> </div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Turks" class="extiw" title="wikt:Turks">WikiWoordenboek</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/25px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/50px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div>Zoek <i><b><a 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