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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Helston</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Helston" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Helston" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the former parliamentary constituency, see <a href="/wiki/Helston_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Helston (UK Parliament constituency)">Helston (UK Parliament constituency)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style>Helston (<a href="/wiki/Standard_Written_Form" title="Standard Written Form">Standard Written Form</a>: Hellys)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> is a town and <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, England, United Kingdom. It is situated at the northern end of the <a href="/wiki/The_Lizard" title="The Lizard">Lizard Peninsula</a> approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of <a href="/wiki/Penzance" title="Penzance">Penzance</a> and 9 miles (14 km) south-west of <a href="/wiki/Falmouth,_Cornwall" title="Falmouth, Cornwall">Falmouth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2">[2]</a> Helston is the most southerly town on the island of Great Britain and is around 1.5 miles (2.4 km) farther south than <a href="/wiki/Penzance" title="Penzance">Penzance</a>. The population in 2011 was 11,700.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Helston<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist ib-uk-place-other-names"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a>: Hellys</li></ul></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Helston_main_street,_Cornwall,_England_arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Helston_main_street%2C_Cornwall%2C_England_arp.jpg/240px-Helston_main_street%2C_Cornwall%2C_England_arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Helston_main_street%2C_Cornwall%2C_England_arp.jpg/360px-Helston_main_street%2C_Cornwall%2C_England_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Helston_main_street%2C_Cornwall%2C_England_arp.jpg/480px-Helston_main_street%2C_Cornwall%2C_England_arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3661" data-file-height="2746"></a><div>Coinagehall Street is the main street of Helston. The Guildhall flies a flag</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornwall_UK_mainland_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Helston is located in Cornwall"><img alt="Helston is located in Cornwall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cornwall_UK_mainland_location_map.svg/240px-Cornwall_UK_mainland_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cornwall_UK_mainland_location_map.svg/360px-Cornwall_UK_mainland_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cornwall_UK_mainland_location_map.svg/480px-Cornwall_UK_mainland_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1187"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:81.818%;left:31.176%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Helston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Helston</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">11,546 (2011)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=50.099660~-5.267840&lvl=13&sp=Point.50.099660_-5.267840_Helston&sty=s&style=s">SW664273</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Helston</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Unitary authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council" title="Cornwall Council">Cornwall</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">HELSTON</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/TR_postcode_area" title="TR postcode area">TR12, TR13</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01326</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devon_and_Cornwall_Police" title="Devon and Cornwall Police">Devon and Cornwall</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service">Cornwall</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Ambulance_Service" title="South Western Ambulance Service">South Western</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Ives_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="St Ives (UK Parliament constituency)">St Ives</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>List of places</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Cornwall" title="List of places in Cornwall">Cornwall</a></dd></dl></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Helston&params=50.1_N_5.27_W_region:GB_type:city(11546)">50°06′N 5°16′W / 50.10°N 5.27°W / 50.10; -5.27</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The former <a href="/wiki/Stannary" title="Stannary">stannary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">cattle market town</a> is best known for the annual <a href="/wiki/Furry_Dance" title="Furry Dance">Furry Dance</a> (known locally as the Flora Dance), said to originate from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval period</a>. However, the <a href="/wiki/Furry_Dance#Pageant" title="Furry Dance">Hal-an-Tow</a> is reputed to be of <a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic origin</a>. The associated song and music, <a href="/wiki/The_Floral_Dance" title="The Floral Dance">The Floral Dance</a>, is known to have been written in 1911.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> In 2001, the town celebrated the 800th anniversary of the granting of its Charter. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Government">2 Government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Geography">3 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Transport">3.1 Transport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Climate">3.2 Climate</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Culture_and_community">4 Culture and community</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Flora_Day:_the_Furry_Dance_and_Hal-an-Tow_ceremonies">4.1 Flora Day: the Furry Dance and Hal-an-Tow ceremonies</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Hellys_International_Guitar_Festival">4.2 Hellys International Guitar Festival</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Helston_Town_Band">4.3 Helston Town Band</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Churches_and_places_of_interest">5 Churches and places of interest</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Schools">6 Schools</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Media">7 Media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Sport_and_recreation">8 Sport and recreation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Cornish_wrestling">8.1 Cornish wrestling</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Twinning">9 Twinning</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Local_newspapers">10 Local newspapers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Notes">11 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#References">12 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Further_reading">13 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#External_links">14 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helston_boundary_stone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Helston_boundary_stone.jpg/220px-Helston_boundary_stone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1078" data-file-height="1413"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 288px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Helston_boundary_stone.jpg/220px-Helston_boundary_stone.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="288" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Helston_boundary_stone.jpg/330px-Helston_boundary_stone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Helston_boundary_stone.jpg/440px-Helston_boundary_stone.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The borough boundary stone at Nansloe</figcaption></figure> The name comes from the Cornish 'hen lis' or 'old court' and 'ton' added later to denote a <a href="/wiki/Saxons#Saxons_in_Britain" title="Saxons">Saxon manor</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> refers to Henliston (which survives as the name of a road in the town). Only one edition refers to 'Henlistona'.<a href="#cite_note-Genuki-5">[5]</a> It was granted its charter by <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">King John</a> on 15 April 1201,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> for the price of forty marks of silver. It was here that tin ingots were weighed to determine the <a href="/wiki/Tin_coinage" title="Tin coinage">tin coinage</a> duty due to the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Cornwall" title="Duke of Cornwall">Duke of Cornwall</a> when a number of <a href="/wiki/Stannary" title="Stannary">stannary</a> towns were authorised by royal decree. A document of 1396 examined by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Henderson_(historian)" title="Charles Henderson (historian)">Charles Henderson</a> shows that the old form "Hellys" was still in use<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The manor of Helston in Kerrier was one of the seventeen <a href="/wiki/Antiqua_maneria" title="Antiqua maneria">Antiqua maneria</a> of the Duchy of Cornwall.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The seal of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_borough" title="Ancient borough">borough</a> of Helston was <a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">St Michael</a> his wings expanded and standing on a gateway. The two towers domed upon the up-turned dragon, impaling it with his spear and bearing upon his left arm an <a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">escutcheon</a> of the arms of England, viz Gu three lions passant guardant in pale Or, with the legend "Sigillum comunitatis helleston burg".<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> It is a matter of debate as to whether Helston was once a port, albeit no actual records exist.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> A common belief is that in the 13th century <a href="/wiki/Loe_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Loe Bar">Loe Bar</a> formed a barrier across the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/River_Cober" title="River Cober">River Cober</a> cutting the town off from the sea. <a href="/wiki/Geomorphology" title="Geomorphology">Geomorphologists</a> believe the bar was most likely formed by <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">rising sea levels</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last ice age</a>, blocking the river and creating a <a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">barrier beach</a>. The beach is formed mostly of flint and the nearest source is found offshore under the drowned terraces of the former river that flowed between England and France, and now under the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a> describes Helston (1725) in <a href="/wiki/A_tour_thro%27_the_whole_island_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="A tour thro' the whole island of Great Britain">his tour around Great Britain</a> thus, ″This town is large and populous, and has four spacious streets, a handsome church, and a good trade: this town also sends members to Parliament.' He also mentions that the River Cober makes a tolerable good harbour and several ships are loaded with tin, although over one hundred years before Defoe, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Carew_(antiquary)" title="Richard Carew (antiquary)">Richard Carew</a> (1602) described Loe Bar as "The shingle was relatively porous and fresh water could leave and seawater enter depending, on the relative heights of the pool and sea".<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Defoe's description seems to be the first and possibly the origin of other sources claiming Helston to be a port in the historic period.<a href="#cite_note-russell-14">[14]</a> Loe Pool is referred to in a document of 1302, implying the existence of Loe Bar at this date, if not much earlier, and thus precluding the passage of shipping up the Cober. At the same time it was recorded that the burgesses of Helston exercised jurisdiction over the ships anchored at Gweek, but no mention was made of ships at Helston, and no customs records or other documentation of port traffic relating to Helston survives;<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> thus confirming the fact that Gweek has for centuries been the recognized port of Helston.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-16">[16]</a> There is no known archaeological evidence for the existence of a port at Helston* and there is no primary evidence to support Defoe's account.<a href="#cite_note-russell-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Leland_(antiquary)" title="John Leland (antiquary)">Leland's</a> description of the Loe Pool is thus:<blockquote>"Lo Poole is a 2 miles in lenght, and betwixt it and the mayn se, is but a barre of sand: and ons in 3 or 4 yeres, what by the wait of the fresch water and rage of the se, it brekith out, and then the fresch and salt water metyng makith a wonderful noise. But sone after, the mouth is barrid again with sande. At other tymes the superfluite of the water of Lo Poole drenith out through the sandy barre into the se. If this barre might be alway kept open, it wold be a goodly haven up to Hailestoun."<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></blockquote>However, contributing to the belief of a port at Helston was the discovery of what some people believe to be slipways and mooring rings, during excavations around 1968.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> There was no known shipping from the sea after 1260, but before 1200, in 'the 1182 record of Godric of Helleston paying a fine of ten marks for exporting his corn out of England from Helston without a licence.' This could be considered the most significant piece of documentary evidence signifying Helston's former port days, though it does not prove the case.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> At the time of Domesday Book, Gweek had no inhabitants whilst Helston was the largest settlement in the west of Cornwall, with 113 households.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In 1837 a plan was drawn up to open Loe Pool to shipping using a pier to counteract siltation, but it was never carried out.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The site of <a href="/wiki/Helston_Castle" title="Helston Castle">Helston Castle</a> is now a bowling green near the Grylls Monument, which has been there since 1760. The castle was built in 1280 as a simple stone structure for <a href="/wiki/Edmund,_2nd_Earl_of_Cornwall" title="Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall">Edmund, Earl of Cornwall</a>. By 1478 it had fallen into disuse and ruin.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> A free chapel of ease perhaps also built for Edmund, Earl of Cornwall before 1283 was dissolved by the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Colleges_Act_1547" title="Dissolution of Colleges Act 1547">chantries act 1547</a> and turned into <a href="/wiki/Helston_coinage_hall" title="Helston coinage hall">Helston's coinage hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> This was later demolished by public subscription raised by Helston's sitting <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">M.P.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Abbot,_1st_Baron_Colchester" title="Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester">Charles Abbot</a>, following his return in the <a href="/wiki/1796_British_general_election" title="1796 British general election">1796 general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helston_Guildhall,_Cornwall,_England_arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Helston_Guildhall%2C_Cornwall%2C_England_arp.jpg/220px-Helston_Guildhall%2C_Cornwall%2C_England_arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3805" data-file-height="2854"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Helston_Guildhall%2C_Cornwall%2C_England_arp.jpg/220px-Helston_Guildhall%2C_Cornwall%2C_England_arp.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Helston_Guildhall%2C_Cornwall%2C_England_arp.jpg/330px-Helston_Guildhall%2C_Cornwall%2C_England_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Helston_Guildhall%2C_Cornwall%2C_England_arp.jpg/440px-Helston_Guildhall%2C_Cornwall%2C_England_arp.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Guildhall, built in 1839. It contains the council chamber, mayor's offices, and a function room, and is the starting point for the dances on Flora Day.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Helston_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Helston (UK Parliament constituency)">Helston parliamentary constituency</a> was created in 1298 and elected two members to the <a href="/wiki/Unreformed_House_of_Commons" title="Unreformed House of Commons">Unreformed House of Commons</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Act_1832" title="Reform Act 1832">Reform Act 1832</a> reduced the number elected to one. Helston is now part of the <a href="/wiki/St_Ives_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="St Ives (UK Parliament constituency)">St Ives constituency</a>, which covers the western part of Cornwall and the <a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a>. The current member is the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Lib Dem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_George_(politician)" title="Andrew George (politician)">Andrew George</a>. Prior to <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> in 2020, Helston was within the <a href="/wiki/South_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West England (European Parliament constituency)">South West England European Parliamentary Constituency</a>. At local government level, the town is administered by <a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council" title="Cornwall Council">Cornwall Council</a> and Helston Town Council. Helston is split into three Cornwall Council wards: <a href="/wiki/Helston_South_(electoral_division)" title="Helston South (electoral division)">Helston South</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helston_North_(electoral_division)" title="Helston North (electoral division)">Helston North</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Porthleven_and_Helston_West_(electoral_division)" title="Porthleven and Helston West (electoral division)">Porthleven and Helston West</a>. Helston Town Council is based at the <a href="/wiki/Helston_Guildhall" title="Helston Guildhall">Helston Guildhall</a> which was completed in 1839.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Helston is situated along the banks of the <a href="/wiki/River_Cober" title="River Cober">River Cober</a> in Cornwall. Downstream is Cornwall's largest natural lake <a href="/wiki/Loe_Pool" class="mw-redirect" title="Loe Pool">Loe Pool</a>, formed when a shingle bar blocked the mouth of the river by rising sea levels forming a barrier beach. To the south is the <a href="/wiki/Lizard_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Lizard Peninsula">Lizard Peninsula</a>, an area important for its complex geology and wildlife habitats.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Helston is on the <a href="/wiki/A394_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A394 road">A394 road</a>. To the west, the A394 leads to Penzance; to the north-east it leads to <a href="/wiki/Penryn,_Cornwall" title="Penryn, Cornwall">Penryn</a> where it joins the <a href="/wiki/A39_road" title="A39 road">A39</a>, which leads south to Falmouth and north-east to <a href="/wiki/Truro" title="Truro">Truro</a>. The B3297 runs north from Helston to <a href="/wiki/Redruth" title="Redruth">Redruth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The nearest railway station is <a href="/wiki/Redruth_railway_station" title="Redruth railway station">Redruth</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Cornish_Main_Line" title="Cornish Main Line">Cornish main line</a>, although the <a href="/wiki/Helston_Railway" title="Helston Railway">Helston branch line railway</a> served the town until closure in the early 1960s. The branch left the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">ex-GWR</a> main line at <a href="/wiki/Gwinear_Road_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwinear Road railway station">Gwinear Road station</a> near <a href="/wiki/Hayle" title="Hayle">Hayle</a>, and ran 8.5 miles (13.7 km) south to terminate at <a href="/wiki/Helston_railway_station" title="Helston railway station">Helston railway station</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Helston_Railway_Preservation_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Helston Railway Preservation Company">Helston Railway Preservation Company</a> is undertaking the restoration of part of the line. Bus services now link Helston to the rail network; <a href="/wiki/First_Kernow" class="mw-redirect" title="First Kernow">First Kernow</a> provides the (U4) bus service from Penzance station to Falmouth via Helston. The (34) bus service links Redruth station with Lizard via Helston and is operated by <a href="/wiki/Go_Cornwall_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Go Cornwall Bus">Go Cornwall Bus</a>. The nearest <a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">airport</a> is <a href="/wiki/Newquay_Cornwall_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Newquay Cornwall Airport">Newquay Cornwall Airport</a> which is approximately 35 miles (56 km) north-east of Helston. This is the main commercial airport for Cornwall with regular scheduled services to many parts of the UK. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Helston has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Cfb), similar to the rest of the British Isles. It is one of the mildest places in the country and frosts are rarely severe. The nearest <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a> <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">weather station</a> is <a href="/wiki/RNAS_Culdrose_(HMS_Seahawk)" title="RNAS Culdrose (HMS Seahawk)">RNAS Culdrose</a>, approximately 1 mile south-east of the town centre. Temperature extremes in the area since 1980 have ranged from −10.9 °C (12.4 °F) during January 1987,<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> and up to 29.6 °C (85.3 °F) in August 1990.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The coldest temperature in recent years was −6.2 °C (20.8 °F) in December 2009.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Snow occurs in median every second year, almost in 2 – 3 days in line or one alone, most often in January or February.<a href="#cite_note-Wunderground-32">[32]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/RNAS_Culdrose" class="mw-redirect" title="RNAS Culdrose">RNAS Culdrose</a>,<a href="#cite_note-33">[a]</a> elevation: 78 m (256 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2 (59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4 (66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9 (71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5 (77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6 (87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7 (83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8 (85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5 (76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6 (65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9 (60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.6 (87.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 (48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 (48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 (50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 (54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0 (66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 (58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 (44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 (44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 (45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 (48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 (53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2 (57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0 (60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6 (58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 (53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 (48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 (45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.0 (51.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 (39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 (39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 (40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 (42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 (47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0 (55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2 (55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 (52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 (49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 (44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 (41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.2 (46.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.9 (12.4) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.4 (16.9) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.1 (21.0) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.7 (25.3) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2 (29.8) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 (37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 (41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 (42.8) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 (36.0) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8 (30.6) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.7 (19.9) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3 (20.7) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−10.9 (12.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #5FFF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.7 (4.20) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.0 (3.27) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.4 (2.85) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.0 (2.56) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.3 (2.14) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.2 (2.37) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.5 (2.50) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.0 (2.91) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.3 (2.73) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.0 (3.82) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.0 (4.72) </td> <td style="background: #52FF52; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.6 (4.55) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">981.2 (38.63) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.4 </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.6 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.8 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.0 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">151.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #6C6C6C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59.5 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.1 </td> <td style="background: #B3B372; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.2 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177.7 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.9 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.3 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.9 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.1 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150.4 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108.5 </td> <td style="background: #8B8B8B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.1 </td> <td style="background: #616161; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.3 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD32; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,610.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Culture_and_community">Culture and community</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Culture and community" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_Day:_the_Furry_Dance_and_Hal-an-Tow_ceremonies">Flora Day: the Furry Dance and Hal-an-Tow ceremonies</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Flora Day: the Furry Dance and Hal-an-Tow ceremonies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Flora Day occurs annually, on 8 May (except when the date falls on a Sunday or Monday — Monday being Market Day — when it is the preceding Saturday) Helston hosts the <a href="/wiki/Furry_Dance" title="Furry Dance">Furry Dance</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coinagehall_Street_Helston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1300488.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Coinagehall_Street_Helston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1300488.jpg/220px-Coinagehall_Street_Helston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1300488.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Coinagehall_Street_Helston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1300488.jpg/220px-Coinagehall_Street_Helston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1300488.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Coinagehall_Street_Helston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1300488.jpg/330px-Coinagehall_Street_Helston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1300488.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Coinagehall_Street_Helston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1300488.jpg/440px-Coinagehall_Street_Helston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1300488.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Hal an Tow celebration</figcaption></figure> There are four dances throughout the day, the first starting at 7 a.m. (historically for domestic servants), the ladies in summer frocks and the gentlemen in white shirts and dark grey trousers with neckties bearing the town crest, loaned for the day. The second dance at 9.50 is when children from the town's schools dance dressed all in white, the individual schools denoted by the head dresses that the girls wear. The premier dance follows at Midday when the "gentry of the County" dance, the ladies in long ball-type gowns topped off with picture hats and the gentlemen wearing full <a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">morning dress</a>. The final dance of the day begins at 5 p.m., a dance historically for the tradespeople of the town. Participants in this dance are the only dancers to dance around the town twice, having already danced in the 7 a.m. dance. Only Helston-born people can dance in the lead set in each dance and the first male and female will only lead that dance once in their lifetime. Flora Day is administered by Stewards who elect stewards therefore continuing this wonderful occasion without outside interference. <a href="/wiki/Helston_Town_Band" title="Helston Town Band">Helston Town Band</a> play the famous tune and accompany all four dances on a long route around the town. The dwellings and shops of the town are festooned with <a href="/wiki/Common_Bluebell" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Bluebell">bluebells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silene_dioica" title="Silene dioica">campions</a> and whatever green foliage is available. Specific dances (not including the children's dance) go into and out of various private buildings, shops and grounds. The origins of the dance are not known but appear to represent a pre-Christian celebration of the passing of winter. On the same day the "<a href="/wiki/Hal_an_Tow" class="mw-redirect" title="Hal an Tow">Hal an Tow</a>", another celebration of the coming of spring, is performed upon the streets of the town.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> This is a morning ritual that is traditionally more boisterous than the dance. It is a moving street theatre that appears to have its origins in the Middle Ages, and the themes tend to be more English than uniquely Cornish. The theatre consists of the Hal-an-tow song accompanied by dancing and acting out the content of the verses. The costumes and the song itself represent many different historical and mythical themes. It has evolved over time, the most recent verse (about <a href="/wiki/St_Piran" class="mw-redirect" title="St Piran">St Piran</a>) only appeared within the 21st century.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hellys_International_Guitar_Festival">Hellys International Guitar Festival</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hellys International Guitar Festival" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 2017, a new festival was established by the lutenist <a href="/wiki/Ben_Salfield" title="Ben Salfield">Ben Salfield</a> and his promoters, Kernow Concerts,<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> bringing international concert artists from the world of guitar music from as far away as <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> to perform concerts and give free lessons in Helston each August. The festival is initially based in The Old Cattle Market, next to Coronation Park and Boating Lake, and features some of the best artists in their field.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Helston_Town_Band">Helston Town Band</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Helston Town Band" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Helston_Town_Band" title="Helston Town Band">Helston Town Band</a></div> Helston Town Band has a rich history, which can be traced back to the turn of the 20th century. Indeed, there are members of the current band whose family connections extend back four generations. Inevitably, during the War the band reformed with new members and in 1946 numbers were consolidated when most of its pre-war members returned from active service. The band enjoyed steady progress at this time, which culminated in 1951 when it reached the National Third Section Finals at Belle Vue, Manchester. In 1967, the band came under the direction of Edward Ashton, with whom the band gained much success and a reputation for consistently playing music to a high standard. Edward led the band to numerous successes in both local and regional contests, until his retirement in November 2002 after an incredible 35 years. Following his retirement, the band appointed John Hitchens as their new Musical Director . The band has continued to flourish under John's direction: in 2003, they were crowned Cornish First Section Champions, and in 2004 they gained promotion to the National First Section. In 2006, the band were crowned West of England First Section Champions, and received an invitation to compete in the National First Section Finals in Harrogate, where they achieved a commendable seventh place. The band went on to achieve third place at the West of England First Section Championships in 2007, and were delighted to become West of England First Section Champions once again in 2008. These excellent results meant that Helston Town Band earned promotion and competed in the <a href="/wiki/Brass_Band_Sections_in_Britain#Championship_section" class="mw-redirect" title="Brass Band Sections in Britain">Championship Section</a> in 2009 for the first time in its history. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Churches_and_places_of_interest">Churches and places of interest</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Churches and places of interest" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graveyard,_St._Michaels_Church,_Helston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Graveyard%2C_St._Michaels_Church%2C_Helston.jpg/220px-Graveyard%2C_St._Michaels_Church%2C_Helston.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Graveyard%2C_St._Michaels_Church%2C_Helston.jpg/220px-Graveyard%2C_St._Michaels_Church%2C_Helston.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Graveyard%2C_St._Michaels_Church%2C_Helston.jpg/330px-Graveyard%2C_St._Michaels_Church%2C_Helston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Graveyard%2C_St._Michaels_Church%2C_Helston.jpg/440px-Graveyard%2C_St._Michaels_Church%2C_Helston.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>St Michael's churchyard</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fitzsimons_helston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Fitzsimons_helston.jpg/220px-Fitzsimons_helston.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Fitzsimons_helston.jpg/220px-Fitzsimons_helston.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Fitzsimons_helston.jpg/330px-Fitzsimons_helston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Fitzsimons_helston.jpg/440px-Fitzsimons_helston.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Fitzsimmons" title="Bob Fitzsimmons">Bob Fitzsimmons</a></figcaption></figure> There are several churches including St Michael's Church, a humble church with stained-glass windows and a tall bell tower which can be heard throughout the town. In the surrounding graveyard there is a monument to <a href="/wiki/Henry_Trengrouse" title="Henry Trengrouse">Henry Trengrouse</a>, the inventor of the rocket fired safety line — a device for aiding in the saving of lives in a shipwreck. Helston is also the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Fitzsimmons" title="Bob Fitzsimmons">Bob "Ruby Robert" Fitzsimmons</a>, the first triple world <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> champion. The house where he was born and lived in Helston is still standing and is indicated by a plaque above the door. The <a href="/wiki/Helston_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Helston Museum">Helston Museum</a>, founded in 1949, occupies the building originally designed as the town's Market House in 1837, with two separate buildings—one for butter and eggs, the other the meat market. The exhibits are mostly concerned with Helston's agricultural and market town history. The museum also hosts art exhibitions and has a shop selling all things Cornish. There are three Cornish crosses in Helston: one in Cross Street and two in Mr. Baddeley's garden (Cross Street). One of the latter crosses was removed from Tresprison, Wendron, and other from near Trelill Holy Well, Wendron. The cross from Trelill has ornament on the front and back of the shaft.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Grylls_Monument" title="Grylls Monument">Grylls Monument</a>, at the end of <a href="/wiki/Helston_coinage_hall" title="Helston coinage hall">Coinagehall Street</a> was built by public subscription in 1834 to thank Humphry Millet Grylls, a local banker, who stopped the closure of <a href="/wiki/Wheal_Vor" title="Wheal Vor">Wheal Vor</a>, a local mine that at the time employed over a thousand people. Helston also hosts <a href="/wiki/The_Flambards_Experience" class="mw-redirect" title="The Flambards Experience">The Flambards Experience</a>, formerly the Helston Aero Park, which is a theme park with a selection of rides together with a few remaining aviation exhibits. Nearby Wendron is home to the <a href="/wiki/Poldark_Mine" title="Poldark Mine">Poldark Mine</a> theme park, where visitors can go underground into the old workings. The <a href="/wiki/Helston_Railway" title="Helston Railway">Helston Railway</a>, which aims to restore the Helston Branch, is also nearby. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Schools">Schools</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Schools" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <a href="/wiki/Helston_Community_College" title="Helston Community College">Helston Community College</a> has the most pupils in Cornwall. Its South Site building was formerly (1939–1972) Helston Grammar School. Formerly located at Penrose Road (which became the secondary modern school), the grammar school had a long history dating back to the 16th century. <a href="/wiki/Derwent_Coleridge" title="Derwent Coleridge">Derwent Coleridge</a> was a headmaster there, and his pupils included <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Charles Kingsley</a>,<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Coleridge,_1st_Baron_Coleridge" title="John Coleridge, 1st Baron Coleridge">John Duke Coleridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edmonds_(scientist)" title="Richard Edmonds (scientist)">Richard Edmonds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rowe_Edmonds" title="Thomas Rowe Edmonds">Thomas Rowe Edmonds</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Rogers_(divine)" title="John Rogers (divine)">John Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Trengrouse" title="Henry Trengrouse">Henry Trengrouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Trevenen" title="James Trevenen">James Trevenen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> Another former headmaster was the botanist and author <a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexander_Johns" title="Charles Alexander Johns">Charles Alexander Johns</a> (1843–47), who was also a former pupil.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> The School Houses in grammar school days were Coleridge, Kingsley and Tennyson. <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Tennyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Tennyson">Alfred Tennyson</a>'s local connection was through his writing. Helston has three primary schools. These are Parc Eglos, St. Michael's and Nansloe. The catchment area of Helston Community College includes these and many other schools from the surrounding villages. There is also a primary school at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trannack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trannack (page does not exist)">Trannack</a>. All three primary schools dance on Flora Day, as does Helston Community College. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> Local TV coverage is provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_South_West" title="BBC South West">BBC South West</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_West_Country" title="ITV West Country">ITV West Country</a>. Television signals are received from the <a href="/wiki/Redruth_transmitting_station" title="Redruth transmitting station">Redruth</a> and local relay transmitters.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Local radio stations are <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cornwall" title="BBC Radio Cornwall">BBC Radio Cornwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart_West" title="Heart West">Heart West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_South_West" title="Greatest Hits Radio South West">Greatest Hits Radio South West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pirate_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate FM">Pirate FM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coast_FM_(West_Cornwall)" title="Coast FM (West Cornwall)">Coast FM</a>, a community based station.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> The town is served by the local newspapers, <a href="/wiki/The_West_Briton" title="The West Briton">The West Briton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Packet_Newspapers" title="Packet Newspapers">Falmouth Packet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Sport_and_recreation">Sport and recreation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sport and recreation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowlingclub_helston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bowlingclub_helston.jpg/220px-Bowlingclub_helston.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bowlingclub_helston.jpg/220px-Bowlingclub_helston.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bowlingclub_helston.jpg/330px-Bowlingclub_helston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bowlingclub_helston.jpg/440px-Bowlingclub_helston.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Bowling club and the Grylls Monument</figcaption></figure> In 1885 the annual custom of the beating the Helston Borough Bounds was undertaken, followed by a scrimmage for 15 dozen buns and the throwing of the <a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">hurling ball</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> In the same year Helston Cycling Club had their headquarters at the Globe Hotel and had a weekly evening cycle to places such as Redruth and the Lizard.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> The town has an active sporting scene, with <a href="/wiki/Helston_RFC" title="Helston RFC">Helston RFC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helston_Athletic_F.C." title="Helston Athletic F.C.">Helston Athletic FC</a> and Helston Cricket Club all having prominent roles within the community. The current rugby club was formed in 1965 but rugby was played on Helston Downs as early as 1883 when Helston beat Lanner by 6 tries and 3 touch-downs in self-defence to nil.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> The Swallows <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">Gymnastics</a> Club is also extremely popular within the area. Helston holds an annual road race An Resek Helys (The Race for Helston)<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> and an annual triathlon.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> The town has a <a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_Fields" title="King George's Fields">King George V Playing Field</a>, the home ground for the rugby club and finish line of An Resek Helys. Below the town is Coronation Park which has a man-made lake as its centrepiece where rowing boats can be hired in summer. A skate park is nearby in the same complex. The <a href="/wiki/Penrose,_Cornwall" title="Penrose, Cornwall">Penrose Amenity Area</a> lies across the road from Coronation Park. <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Places_of_Historic_Interest_or_Natural_Beauty" class="mw-redirect" title="National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty">National Trust</a>-owned, this area, once part of the Penrose Estate, offers walks alongside the River Cober which leads down to Loe Pool and the sea beyond Loe Bar. Just off the main path is a bird-watching hide offering views over Loe Pool. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cornish_wrestling">Cornish wrestling</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cornish wrestling" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Helston has been a centre for <a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestling</a> for centuries.<a href="#cite_note-RCG28081802-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-C02051889-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-WBCA16092015-57">[56]</a> Over this time there were a large number of sites where tournaments were held. These include: the Helston Downs,<a href="#cite_note-RCG05071806-58">[57]</a> Gweal Folds farm,<a href="#cite_note-RCG14071810-59">[58]</a> the Lower Green<a href="#cite_note-Barton-60">[59]</a> which became Coronation Park<a href="#cite_note-WBCA16091926-61">[60]</a> where tournaments continued to be held, Field near While Hill, Meneage Street,<a href="#cite_note-C10071884-62">[61]</a> Bullock Lane,<a href="#cite_note-C02051889-56">[55]</a> Coronation Park,<a href="#cite_note-WBCA16091926-61">[60]</a> Monument Road,<a href="#cite_note-CG15091949-63">[62]</a> Field at the rear of the Angel Hotel<a href="#cite_note-CG02091954-64">[63]</a> which became the Sunken Gardens<a href="#cite_note-WBCA090982010-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-WBCA15091996-66">[65]</a> where tournaments continued to be held, Grange Road<a href="#cite_note-WBCA15091960-67">[66]</a> and Penrose Amenity Area.<a href="#cite_note-WBCA08092011-68">[67]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Twinning">Twinning</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Twinning" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> Helston is <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">twinned</a> with the following towns:<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sasso_Marconi" title="Sasso Marconi">Sasso Marconi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plougasnou" title="Plougasnou">Plougasnou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>, France</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Local_newspapers">Local newspapers</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Local newspapers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> Helston is served by two local paid-for newspapers, <a href="/wiki/The_West_Briton" title="The West Briton">The West Briton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Packet_Newspapers" title="Packet Newspapers">The Packet</a>: both offer a selection of news and local pictures. The area is also covered by a free delivered newspaper, the Helston Advertiser established in April 2000.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Weather station is located 9.0 miles (14.5 km) from the Nottingham city centre. </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140729194902/http://www.magakernow.org.uk/pdf/placename_masterlist.pdf">"List of Place-names agreed by the MAGA Signage Panel"</a> (PDF). Cornish Language Partnership. May 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magakernow.org.uk/pdf/placename_masterlist.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Place-names+agreed+by+the+MAGA+Signage+Panel&rft.pub=Cornish+Language+Partnership&rft.date=2014-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.magakernow.org.uk%2Fpdf%2Fplacename_masterlist.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-1">b</a> Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 203 Land's End <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-319-23148-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-319-23148-7">978-0-319-23148-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205171836/http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/council-and-democracy/data-and-research/data-by-topic/population/town-populations">"2011 population for Helston"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/council-and-democracy/data-and-research/data-by-topic/population/town-populations">the original</a> on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2011+population+for+Helston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornwall.gov.uk%2Fcouncil-and-democracy%2Fdata-and-research%2Fdata-by-topic%2Fpopulation%2Ftown-populations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> The music and lyric were written in 1911 by Kate Emily Barkley ("Katie") Moss (1881-1947) who was a professional violinist, pianist and concert singer. </li> <li id="cite_note-Genuki-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Genuki_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/Cornwall/Helston">"Genuki: Helston, Cornwall"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160401010100/http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/Cornwall/Helston">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Genuki%3A+Helston%2C+Cornwall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genuki.org.uk%2Fbig%2Feng%2FCornwall%2FHelston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helstonhistory.co.uk/history-of-helston-3/helstons-royal-charters/">"Helston's Royal Charters | HELSTON HISTORY"</a>. 28 March 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Helston%27s+Royal+Charters+%7C+HELSTON+HISTORY&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helstonhistory.co.uk%2Fhistory-of-helston-3%2Fhelstons-royal-charters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Henderson, C. (1933) "Helston", in his: Essays in Cornish History. Oxford; Clarendon Press; pp. 67-74 </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Hatcher, John (1970) Rural Economy and Society in the Duchy of Cornwall 1300-1500. Cambridge University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-08550-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-08550-0">0-521-08550-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPascoe1979" class="citation book cs1">Pascoe, W. H. (1979). A Cornish Armory. Padstow, Cornwall: Lodenek Press. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902899-76-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-902899-76-7"><bdi>0-902899-76-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cornish+Armory&rft.place=Padstow%2C+Cornwall&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Lodenek+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-902899-76-7&rft.aulast=Pascoe&rft.aufirst=W.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornwall-calling.co.uk/gazetter-cornwall/helston.htm">"Helston, Cornwall"</a>. cornwall-calling.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210556/http://www.cornwall-calling.co.uk/gazetter-cornwall/helston.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cornwall-calling.co.uk&rft.atitle=Helston%2C+Cornwall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornwall-calling.co.uk%2Fgazetter-cornwall%2Fhelston.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> May, V. J. "Loe Bar". In May, V. J. and Hansom, J. D. (2003) Coastal Geomorphology of Great Britain, (Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 28), 754 pp. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDefoe1991" class="citation book cs1">Defoe, Daniel (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natureofpolitics0000mast">A Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain</a>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-04980-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-04980-3"><bdi>0-300-04980-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Tour+Through+the+Whole+Island+of+Great+Britain&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-300-04980-3&rft.aulast=Defoe&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnatureofpolitics0000mast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinc._1770" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Martin_(lexicographer)" title="Benjamin Martin (lexicographer)">Martin, Benjamin</a> (c. 1770). The Natural History of Cornwall and Devonshire.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Natural+History+of+Cornwall+and+Devonshire&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> (part of the author's The Natural History of England, or, A description of each particular county) </li> <li id="cite_note-russell-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-russell_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-russell_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell" class="citation web cs1">Russell, Stephanie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historic-cornwall.org.uk/csus/towns/helston/csus_helston_report_2002R071.pdf">"Historic characterisation for regeneration – Helston"</a> (PDF). Cornwall & Scilly Urban Survey. Cornwall Archaeological Unit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030454/http://www.historic-cornwall.org.uk/csus/towns/helston/csus_helston_report_2002R071.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cornwall+%26+Scilly+Urban+Survey&rft.atitle=Historic+characterisation+for+regeneration+%E2%80%93+Helston&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historic-cornwall.org.uk%2Fcsus%2Ftowns%2Fhelston%2Fcsus_helston_report_2002R071.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> The History of Helston, p. 392. </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll" class="citation web cs1">Carroll, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patrickcarroll.co.uk/helstonia-the-blue-anchordemythologizing-my-local/">"HELSTONIA – The Blue Anchor Demythologising my local"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408232033/http://www.patrickcarroll.co.uk/helstonia-the-blue-anchordemythologizing-my-local/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HELSTONIA+%E2%80%93+The+Blue+Anchor+Demythologising+my+local&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrickcarroll.co.uk%2Fhelstonia-the-blue-anchordemythologizing-my-local%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolsue1872" class="citation book cs1">Polsue, Joseph (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DRwiAQAAIAAJ">A Complete Parochial History of the County of Cornwall: Compiled from the Best Authorities & Corrected and Improved from Actual Survey ; Illustrated</a>. Boscawen Street, Truro: William Lake. pp. Supplementary Papers: 75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Complete+Parochial+History+of+the+County+of+Cornwall%3A+Compiled+from+the+Best+Authorities+%26+Corrected+and+Improved+from+Actual+Survey+%3B+Illustrated&rft.place=Boscawen+Street%2C+Truro&rft.pages=Supplementary+Papers%3A+75&rft.pub=William+Lake&rft.date=1872&rft.aulast=Polsue&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDRwiAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Kittridge, Alan, 1989 Cornwall's Maritime Heritage. Twelveheads Press </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholls" class="citation web cs1">Nicholls, P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loepoolforum.files.wordpress.com/2015/12/could-helston-have-historically-been-a-port-settlement-neatest-dissertation.pdf">"Could Helston have historically been a port settlement? An analysis of available evidence and LiDAR remote sensing data cross referenced with a survey of the lower Cober/Loe valley"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170821174633/https://loepoolforum.files.wordpress.com/2015/12/could-helston-have-historically-been-a-port-settlement-neatest-dissertation.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Could+Helston+have+historically+been+a+port+settlement%3F+An+analysis+of+available+evidence+and+LiDAR+remote+sensing+data+cross+referenced+with+a+survey+of+the+lower+Cober%2FLoe+valley&rft.aulast=Nicholls&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Floepoolforum.files.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F12%2Fcould-helston-have-historically-been-a-port-settlement-neatest-dissertation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToy1936" class="citation book cs1">Toy, Spencer (1936). A History of Helston. London: Oxford University Press, Humphrey Milford. pp. 17, 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Helston&rft.place=London&rft.pages=17%2C+18&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+Humphrey+Milford&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Toy&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opendomesday.org/place/SW6527/helston/">"Place: Helston"</a>. Open Domesday. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412085753/http://opendomesday.org/place/SW6527/helston/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Place%3A+Helston&rft.pub=Open+Domesday&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopendomesday.org%2Fplace%2FSW6527%2Fhelston%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2013" class="citation web cs1">Matthews, G. G. (29 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helstonhistory.co.uk/loe-bar-pool/helston-harbour/">"Helston Harbour"</a>. Helston History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151003205304/http://www.helstonhistory.co.uk/loe-bar-pool/helston-harbour/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Helston+Harbour&rft.pub=Helston+History&rft.date=2013-03-29&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=G.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helstonhistory.co.uk%2Floe-bar-pool%2Fhelston-harbour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Bates, R and Scott, B: 1999, Helston Town Trail Leaflet </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1935" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, Charles Gordon (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_vjktgAACAAJ">Essays in Cornish History. By Ch. Henderson. Ed. by A.L. Rowse and M.I. Henderson</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+in+Cornish+History.+By+Ch.+Henderson.+Ed.+by+A.L.+Rowse+and+M.I.+Henderson&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Charles+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_vjktgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToy1936" class="citation book cs1">Toy, H. spencer (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YHjaYgEACAAJ">The History of Helston, by H. Spencer Toy</a>. O.u.p.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Helston%2C+by+H.+Spencer+Toy&rft.pub=O.u.p.&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Toy&rft.aufirst=H.+spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYHjaYgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1196492" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1196492?section=official-list-entry">"Guildhall (1196492)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a>. Retrieved 17 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Guildhall+%281196492%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1196492%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Jean Lawman (1994) A Natural History of the Lizard Peninsula. Pool: Institute of Cornish Studies. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 204 Truro & Falmouth <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-319-23149-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-319-23149-4">978-0-319-23149-4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/Culdrose/01-1987/38090.htm">"1987 temperature"</a>. TuTiempo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606210719/http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/Culdrose/01-1987/38090.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1987+temperature&rft.pub=TuTiempo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tutiempo.net%2Fen%2FClimate%2FCuldrose%2F01-1987%2F38090.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/Culdrose/08-1990/38090.htm">"1990 temperature"</a>. TuTiempo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606234404/http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/Culdrose/08-1990/38090.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1990+temperature&rft.pub=TuTiempo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tutiempo.net%2Fen%2FClimate%2FCuldrose%2F08-1990%2F38090.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/Culdrose/12-2009/38090.htm">"2009 temperature"</a>. TuTiempo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606224336/http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/Culdrose/12-2009/38090.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+temperature&rft.pub=TuTiempo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tutiempo.net%2Fen%2FClimate%2FCuldrose%2F12-2009%2F38090.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wunderground-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Wunderground_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/EGDR/2018/1/1/MonthlyCalendar.html?req_city=Culdrose&req_state=&req_statename=United%20Kingdom&reqdb.zip=00000&reqdb.magic=32&reqdb.wmo=03809">"Local Weather Forecast, News and Conditions | Weather Underground"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180505185741/https://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/EGDR/2018/1/1/MonthlyCalendar.html?req_city=Culdrose&req_state=&req_statename=United%20Kingdom&reqdb.zip=00000&reqdb.magic=32&reqdb.wmo=03809">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Weather+Forecast%2C+News+and+Conditions+%26%23124%3B+Weather+Underground&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wunderground.com%2Fhistory%2Fairport%2FEGDR%2F2018%2F1%2F1%2FMonthlyCalendar.html%3Freq_city%3DCuldrose%26req_state%3D%26req_statename%3DUnited%2520Kingdom%26reqdb.zip%3D00000%26reqdb.magic%3D32%26reqdb.wmo%3D03809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcrhe9cy8">"Sutton Bonington 1991–2020 averages"</a>. Station, District and regional averages 1981–2010. Met Office. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Station%2C+District+and+regional+averages+1981%E2%80%932010&rft.atitle=Sutton+Bonington+1991%E2%80%932020+averages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fresearch%2Fclimate%2Fmaps-and-data%2Fuk-climate-averages%2Fgcrhe9cy8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201173843/http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmax_map.php">"Monthly Extreme Maximum Temperature"</a>. Starlings Roost Weather. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmax_map.php">the original</a> on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+Extreme+Maximum+Temperature&rft.pub=Starlings+Roost+Weather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstarlingsroost.ddns.net%2Fweather%2Fukobs%2Ftemp_month_record_tmax_map.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201173844/http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmin_map.php">"Monthly Extreme Minimum Temperature"</a>. Starlings Roost Weather. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmin_map.php">the original</a> on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+Extreme+Minimum+Temperature&rft.pub=Starlings+Roost+Weather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstarlingsroost.ddns.net%2Fweather%2Fukobs%2Ftemp_month_record_tmin_map.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Green, Marian (1980) A Harvest of Festivals. Ch. 2: St Michael and a dancing serpent. London: Longman; pp. 14-30 </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hellysfestival.co.uk">"Hellys International Guitar Festival 2018 – Helston, Cornwall"</a>. Hellys International Guitar Festival 2018 – Helston, Cornwall. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180308231541/https://www.hellysfestival.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hellys+International+Guitar+Festival+2018+%E2%80%93+Helston%2C+Cornwall.&rft.atitle=Hellys+International+Guitar+Festival+2018+%E2%80%93+Helston%2C+Cornwall.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hellysfestival.co.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> BMG Magazine, Summer 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Packet Newspaper, 22 March 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Langdon, A. G. (1896) Old Cornish Crosses. Truro: Joseph Pollard; pp. 261, 104 & 331-32 </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRapple" class="citation web cs1">Rapple, Brendan A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080323035212/http://www2.bc.edu/~rappleb/kingsley/Kingsleylife.html">"Brief Biography of Charles Kingsley, 1819-1875"</a>. Boston College Libraries. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.bc.edu/~rappleb/kingsley/Kingsleylife.html">the original</a> on 23 March 2008. Retrieved 13 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brief+Biography+of+Charles+Kingsley%2C+1819-1875&rft.pub=Boston+College+Libraries&rft.aulast=Rapple&rft.aufirst=Brendan+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.bc.edu%2F~rappleb%2Fkingsley%2FKingsleylife.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowse1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/A._L._Rowse" title="A. L. Rowse">Rowse, A. L.</a> (1976). "Chapter 2 "Oxford"". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/matthewarnoldpoe0000rows">Matthew Arnold: Poet and Prophet</a>. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/matthewarnoldpoe0000rows/page/25">25</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-01163-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-01163-X"><bdi>0-500-01163-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2+%22Oxford%22&rft.btitle=Matthew+Arnold%3A+Poet+and+Prophet&rft.place=London&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-500-01163-X&rft.aulast=Rowse&rft.aufirst=A.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmatthewarnoldpoe0000rows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> The further alumni are cited as Helston students in <a href="/wiki/ODNB" class="mw-redirect" title="ODNB">ODNB</a> articles on them. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Dare, Deirdre, and Melissa Hardie. A Passion for Nature: 19th-Century Naturalism in the Circle of Charles Alexander Johns. Penzance, Cornwall: Patten Press & Jamieson Library, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Redruth">"Full Freeview on the Redruth (Cornwall, England) transmitter"</a>. UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Free+TV&rft.atitle=Full+Freeview+on+the+Redruth+%28Cornwall%2C+England%29+transmitter&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukfree.tv%2Ftransmitters%2Ftv%2FRedruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Helston">"Freeview Light on the Helston (Cornwall, England) transmitter"</a>. UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Free+TV&rft.atitle=Freeview+Light+on+the+Helston+%28Cornwall%2C+England%29+transmitter&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukfree.tv%2Ftransmitters%2Ftv%2FHelston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coastfm.co.uk/">"Coast FM"</a>. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coast+FM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coastfm.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-sw/west-briton/">"West Briton"</a>. British Papers. 7 December 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Papers&rft.atitle=West+Briton&rft.date=2013-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishpapers.co.uk%2Fengland-sw%2Fwest-briton%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Helston borough bounds". The Cornishman. No. 357. 21 May 1885. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cornishman&rft.atitle=Helston+borough+bounds&rft.issue=357&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1885-05-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Cycling Club Fixtures". The Cornishman. No. 357. 21 May 1885. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cornishman&rft.atitle=Cycling+Club+Fixtures&rft.issue=357&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1885-05-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Football". The Cornishman. No. 241. 22 February 1883. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cornishman&rft.atitle=Football&rft.issue=241&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1883-02-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornwallroadrunning.co.uk/">"Cornwall Road Running"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327142054/http://www.cornwallroadrunning.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cornwall+Road+Running&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornwallroadrunning.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.falmouthpacket.co.uk/news/helstonandporthleven/8978052.Entry_open_to_Helston_Triathlon/">"Helston Triathlon"</a>. 17 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411231629/http://www.falmouthpacket.co.uk/news/helstonandporthleven/8978052.Entry_open_to_Helston_Triathlon/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Helston+Triathlon&rft.date=2011-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.falmouthpacket.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhelstonandporthleven%2F8978052.Entry_open_to_Helston_Triathlon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RCG28081802-55"><a href="#cite_ref-RCG28081802_55-0">^</a> Royal Cornwall Gazette, 28 August 1802. </li> <li id="cite_note-C02051889-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C02051889_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C02051889_56-1">b</a> The Cornishman, 2 May 1889, p5. </li> <li id="cite_note-WBCA16092015-57"><a href="#cite_ref-WBCA16092015_57-0">^</a> West Briton, 16 September 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-RCG05071806-58"><a href="#cite_ref-RCG05071806_58-0">^</a> Royal Cornwall Gazette, 5 July 1806. </li> <li id="cite_note-RCG14071810-59"><a href="#cite_ref-RCG14071810_59-0">^</a> Royal Cornwall Gazette, 14 July 1810. </li> <li id="cite_note-Barton-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Barton_60-0">^</a> Barton RM, Life in Cornwall in the mid 19th Century, D Bradford Barton Ltd (Truro) 1971, p200. </li> <li id="cite_note-WBCA16091926-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WBCA16091926_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBCA16091926_61-1">b</a> West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser, 16 September 1926. </li> <li id="cite_note-C10071884-62"><a href="#cite_ref-C10071884_62-0">^</a> Cornishman, 10 July 1884. </li> <li id="cite_note-CG15091949-63"><a href="#cite_ref-CG15091949_63-0">^</a> Cornish Guardian, 15 September 1949. </li> <li id="cite_note-CG02091954-64"><a href="#cite_ref-CG02091954_64-0">^</a> Cornish Guardian, 2 September 1954. </li> <li id="cite_note-WBCA090982010-65"><a href="#cite_ref-WBCA090982010_65-0">^</a> The West Briton, 9 September 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-WBCA15091996-66"><a href="#cite_ref-WBCA15091996_66-0">^</a> West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser, 12 September 1996. </li> <li id="cite_note-WBCA15091960-67"><a href="#cite_ref-WBCA15091960_67-0">^</a> West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser, 15 September 1960. </li> <li id="cite_note-WBCA08092011-68"><a href="#cite_ref-WBCA08092011_68-0">^</a> The West Briton, 8 Sep 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Information supplied by Helston Twinning Association </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helstonadvertiser.co.uk">"Helston Advertiser"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305045354/http://www.helstonadvertiser.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Helston+Advertiser&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helstonadvertiser.co.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1935" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, Charles G. (1935). "Helston [and] The rules of a cobblers' guild at Helston in 1517". Essays in Cornish History. Oxford University Press. pp. 67–79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Helston+%5Band%5D+The+rules+of+a+cobblers%27+guild+at+Helston+in+1517&rft.btitle=Essays+in+Cornish+History&rft.pages=67-79&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Charles+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkinCarter2012" class="citation book cs1">Jenkin, Reg; Carter, Derek (2012). The Book of Helston: ancient borough and market town'. Wellington: Halsgrove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Helston%3A+ancient+borough+and+market+town%27&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Halsgrove&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Jenkin&rft.aufirst=Reg&rft.au=Carter%2C+Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelston" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Toy, Spencer (1936). The History of Helston. London: Oxford University Press</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Helston" class="extiw" 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.portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/21px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/21px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 1.5x, 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<a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Helston&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 8 November 2024, at 08:53 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="هلستون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هلستون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellys" title="Hellys – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hellys" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston_(lungsod)" title="Helston (lungsod) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Helston (lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="هلستون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هلستون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellys" title="Hellys – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hellys" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellys" title="Hellys – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hellys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helston" title="Helston – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Helston" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF" title="赫尔斯顿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赫尔斯顿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 November 2024, at 08:53 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About 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