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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Portrayal in Art and Literature</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Portrayal_in_Art_and_Literature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Portrayal in Art and Literature subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Portrayal_in_Art_and_Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stelas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stelas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Stelas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stelas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hymns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hymns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Hymns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hymns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divine_Birth_Scenes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divine_Birth_Scenes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Divine Birth Scenes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divine_Birth_Scenes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chnoem" title="Chnoem – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chnoem" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="خنوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خنوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xnum" title="Xnum – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xnum" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хнум – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хнум" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хнум – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хнум" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁུ་ནུའུ་མུའུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁུ་ནུའུ་མུའུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%27hnoum" title="C'hnoum – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="C'hnoum" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnum" title="Cnum – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cnum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хнум – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хнум" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chnum" title="Chnum – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chnum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Khnum" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chnum" title="Chnum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chnum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnum" title="Hnum – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hnum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC" title="Κνουμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κνουμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jnum" title="Jnum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jnum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4num" title="Ĥnum – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥnum" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Khnum" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="خنوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خنوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnoum" title="Khnoum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khnoum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%88%94" title="크눔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크눔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnum" title="Hnum – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hnum" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Khnum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Khnum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%27%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ח'נום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ח'נום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ხნუმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხნუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chnumas" title="Chnumas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chnumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnum" title="Hnum – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hnum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хнум – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хнум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82" title="ഖ്നും – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖ്നും" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ხნუმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ხნუმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="خنوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خنوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Khnum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯈ꯭ꯅꯨꯝ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯈ꯭ꯅꯨꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Khnum" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chnoem" title="Chnoem – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chnoem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%8C%E3%83%A0" title="クヌム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クヌム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Khnum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnom" title="Khnom – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Khnom" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xnum" title="Xnum – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xnum" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chnum" title="Chnum – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chnum" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quen%C3%BAbis" title="Quenúbis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quenúbis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chnum" title="Chnum – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chnum" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хнум – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хнум" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Khnum" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Khnum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="خنوم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="خنوم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chnum" title="Chnum – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chnum" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnum" title="Hnum – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hnum" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хнум – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хнум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnum" title="Hnum – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hnum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Khnum" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Khnum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Khnum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хнум – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хнум" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="خنوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خنوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khnum" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E5%8A%AA%E7%89%A1" title="庫努牡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="庫努牡" 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searchaux" style="display:none">God of creation and the waters in Egyptian mythology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #DECD87;">Khnum</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Khnum.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Khnum.svg/250px-Khnum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="434" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Khnum.svg/330px-Khnum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Khnum.svg/440px-Khnum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="690" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Egyptian god Khnum was usually depicted with the head of a ram.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_W9.png?e7562" height="24" title="W9" alt="W9" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_E10.png?515fc" height="27" title="E10" alt="E10" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major cult center</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elephantine" title="Elephantine">Elephantine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esna" title="Esna">Esna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">the <a href="/wiki/Potter%27s_wheel" title="Potter's wheel">potter's wheel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Heqet" title="Heqet">Heqet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nebtuwi" title="Nebtuwi">Nebtuwi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Offspring</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serket" title="Serket">Serket</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#decd87;;padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian religion">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#decd87;;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion"><span class="nowrap">Ancient Egyptian</span> religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eye of Horus"><img alt="Eye of Horus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/120px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/250px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Beliefs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_afterlife_beliefs" title="Ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths" title="Ancient Egyptian creation myths">Creation myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfet_(Egyptian_mythology)" title="Isfet (Egyptian mythology)">Isfet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maa_Kheru" title="Maa Kheru">Maa Kheru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Egyptian_mythology" title="Numbers in Egyptian mythology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris_myth" title="Osiris myth">Osiris myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy" title="Ancient Egyptian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_conception_of_the_soul" title="Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul">Soul</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canopic_jar" title="Canopic jar">Canopic jars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ritual_of_Embalming_Papyrus" title="The Ritual of Embalming Papyrus">Embalming ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary practices">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_temple" title="Mortuary temple">Mortuary temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_offering_formula" title="Ancient Egyptian offering formula">Offering formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony" title="Opening of the mouth ceremony">Opening of the mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids" title="Egyptian pyramids">Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Veneration of the dead</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pantheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian pantheon">Deities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_deities" title="List of Egyptian deities">list</a>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ogdoad_(Egyptian)" title="Ogdoad (Egyptian)">Ogdoad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amunet" title="Amunet">Amunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heh_(god)" title="Heh (god)">Heh and Hauhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kek_(mythology)" title="Kek (mythology)">Kek and Kauket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_(mythology)" title="Nu (mythology)">Nu and Naunet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ennead" title="Ennead">Ennead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(goddess)" title="Nut (goddess)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Shu (Egyptian god)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnut" title="Tefnut">Tefnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Triad_(religion)" title="Triad (religion)">Triads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theban_Triad" title="Theban Triad">Theban Triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephantine#Elephantine_triad" title="Elephantine">Elephantine Triad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>A</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aani" title="Aani">Aani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aati" title="Aati">Aati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaset" title="Abaset">Abaset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abtu" title="Abtu">Abtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Nefertari#Death_and_deification" title="Ahmose-Nefertari">Ahmose-Nefertari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(deity)" title="Aker (deity)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhty_(deity)" title="Akhty (deity)">Akhty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep,_son_of_Hapu#Legacy" title="Amenhotep, son of Hapu">Amenhotep, son of Hapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesemi" title="Amesemi">Amesemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am-heh" title="Am-heh">Am-heh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu-Aa" title="Amu-Aa">Amu-Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anat" title="Anat">Anat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andjety" title="Andjety">Andjety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anput" title="Anput">Anput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apedemak" title="Apedemak">Apedemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apep" title="Apep">Apep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apesh" title="Apesh">Apesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apis_(deity)" title="Apis (deity)">Apis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqen" title="Aqen">Aqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arensnuphis" title="Arensnuphis">Arensnuphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_(deity)" title="Ash (deity)">Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessors_of_Maat" title="Assessors of Maat">Assessors of Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li></ul> <p><b>B</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalat_Gebal" title="Baalat Gebal">Baalat Gebal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babi_(mythology)" title="Babi (mythology)">Babi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba-Pef" title="Ba-Pef">Ba-Pef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_(goddess)" title="Bat (goddess)">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_(god)" title="Bata (god)">Bata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennu" title="Bennu">Bennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beset" class="mw-redirect" title="Beset">Beset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchis" title="Buchis">Buchis</a></li></ul> <p><b>C</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Cavern deities of the underworld">Cavern deities of the underworld</a></li></ul> <p><b>D</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dedun" title="Dedun">Dedun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus-Osiris" title="Dionysus-Osiris">Dionysus-Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefhor" title="Djedefhor">Djedefhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duamutef" class="mw-redirect" title="Duamutef">Duamutef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duau_(god)" title="Duau (god)">Duau</a></li></ul> <p><b>G</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gate_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Gate deities of the underworld">Gate deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengen-Wer" title="Gengen-Wer">Gengen-Wer</a></li></ul> <p><b>H</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ha_(mythology)" title="Ha (mythology)">Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapi_(Nile_god)" title="Hapi (Nile god)">Hapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sons_of_Horus" title="Four sons of Horus">Hapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmachis" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmachis">Harmachis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsomtus" title="Harsomtus">Harsomtus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmehit" title="Hatmehit">Hatmehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauron" title="Hauron">Hauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedetet" title="Hedetet">Hedetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjhotep" title="Hedjhotep">Hedjhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemen" title="Hemen">Hemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemsut" title="Hemsut">Hemsut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henet" title="Henet">Henet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqaib#Legacy" title="Heqaib">Heqaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqet" title="Heqet">Heqet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heru-ur" class="mw-redirect" title="Heru-ur">Heru-ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heryshaf" title="Heryshaf">Heryshaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesat" title="Hesat">Hesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_(mythology)" title="Hu (mythology)">Hu</a></li></ul> <p><b>I</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iabet" title="Iabet">Iabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iah" title="Iah">Iah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iat" title="Iat">Iat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igai_(deity)" title="Igai (deity)">Igai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihy" title="Ihy">Ihy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhemu-sek" title="Ikhemu-sek">Ikhemu-sek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imentet" title="Imentet">Imentet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imhotep#Deification" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imsety" class="mw-redirect" title="Imsety">Imsety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipy_(goddess)" title="Ipy (goddess)">Ipy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irer" title="Irer">Irer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iunit" title="Iunit">Iunit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iusaaset" title="Iusaaset">Iusaaset</a></li></ul> <p><b>J</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Ammon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Ammon">Jupiter Ammon</a></li></ul> <p><b>K</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kagemni_I" title="Kagemni I">Kagemni I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebechet" title="Kebechet">Kebechet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khensit" title="Khensit">Khensit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-Amentiu" title="Khenti-Amentiu">Khenti-Amentiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-kheti" title="Khenti-kheti">Khenti-kheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepri" title="Khepri">Khepri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khereduankh" title="Khereduankh">Khereduankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherty" title="Kherty">Kherty</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolanthes" title="Kolanthes">Kolanthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothar-wa-Khasis" title="Kothar-wa-Khasis">Kothar-wa-Khasis</a></li></ul> <p><b>M</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maahes" title="Maahes">Maahes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafdet" title="Mafdet">Mafdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandulis" title="Mandulis">Mandulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed" title="Medjed">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehen" title="Mehen">Mehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehet-Weret" title="Mehet-Weret">Mehet-Weret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehit" title="Mehit">Mehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meret" title="Meret">Meret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretseger" title="Meretseger">Meretseger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhenet" title="Meskhenet">Meskhenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnevis" title="Mnevis">Mnevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montu" title="Montu">Montu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a></li></ul> <p><b>N</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nebethetepet" title="Nebethetepet">Nebethetepet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebtuwi" title="Nebtuwi">Nebtuwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertem" title="Nefertem">Nefertem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehebkau" title="Nehebkau">Nehebkau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehmetawy" title="Nehmetawy">Nehmetawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemty" title="Nemty">Nemty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Neper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Nepit</a></li></ul> <p><b>P</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakhet" title="Pakhet">Pakhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perit_(goddess)" title="Perit (goddess)">Perit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petbe" title="Petbe">Petbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep">Ptahhotep</a></li></ul> <p><b>Q</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qebehsenuef" class="mw-redirect" title="Qebehsenuef">Qebehsenuef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebui" title="Qebui">Qebui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qed-her" title="Qed-her">Qed-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qetesh" title="Qetesh">Qetesh</a></li></ul> <p><b>R</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raet-Tawy" title="Raet-Tawy">Raet-Tawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhyt#Deity" title="Rekhyt">Rekhyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rem_(mythology)" title="Rem (mythology)">Rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renenutet" title="Renenutet">Renenutet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpet" title="Renpet">Renpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpetneferet" title="Renpetneferet">Renpetneferet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repyt" title="Repyt">Repyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resheph" title="Resheph">Resheph</a></li></ul> <p><b>S</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sah_(god)" title="Sah (god)">Sah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiumeker" title="Sebiumeker">Sebiumeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjem" title="Sedjem">Sedjem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seker" title="Seker">Seker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serket" title="Serket">Serket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshat" title="Seshat">Seshat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shai" title="Shai">Shai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(deity)" title="Shed (deity)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesmetet" title="Shesmetet">Shesmetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shezmu" title="Shezmu">Shezmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sia_(god)" title="Sia (god)">Sia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdet" title="Sopdet">Sopdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdu" title="Sopdu">Sopdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen" title="Souls of Pe and Nekhen">Souls of Pe and Nekhen</a></li></ul> <p><b>T</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ta-Bitjet" title="Ta-Bitjet">Ta-Bitjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatenen" title="Tatenen">Tatenen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret">Taweret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayt" title="Tayt">Tayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teka-her" title="Teka-her">Teka-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjenenyet" title="Tjenenyet">Tjenenyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Tutu (Egyptian god)">Tutu</a></li></ul> <p><b>U</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unut" title="Unut">Unut</a></li></ul> <p><b>W</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadj-wer" title="Wadj-wer">Wadj-wer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(Egyptian_deity)" title="Weneg (Egyptian deity)">Weneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepset" title="Wepset">Wepset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepwawet" title="Wepwawet">Wepwawet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werethekau" title="Werethekau">Werethekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wosret" title="Wosret">Wosret</a></li></ul> <p><b>Y</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(god)" title="Yam (god)">Yam</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Egyptian legendary creatures">Creatures</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhekh" title="Akhekh">Akhekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx#Egypt" title="Sphinx">Criosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieracosphinx" title="Hieracosphinx">Hieracosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed_(fish)" title="Medjed (fish)">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpopard" title="Serpopard">Serpopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_animal" title="Set animal">Set animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Characters</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djedi" title="Djedi">Djedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djadjaemankh" title="Djadjaemankh">Djadjaemankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rededjet" title="Rededjet">Rededjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaoner" title="Ubaoner">Ubaoner</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Locations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaru" title="Aaru">Aaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhet_(hieroglyph)" title="Akhet (hieroglyph)">Akhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benben" title="Benben">Benben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Manu" title="Land of Manu">Land of Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Indestructibles" title="The Indestructibles">The Indestructibles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_symbols" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian symbols">Symbols and objects</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anra_scarab" title="Anra scarab">Anra scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">Cartouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowroid" title="Cowroid">Cowroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_mummy" title="Corn mummy">Corn mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">Crook and flail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_justification" title="Crown of justification">Crown of justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Deshret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djed" title="Djed">Djed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_obelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian obelisk">Egyptian obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pool" title="Egyptian pool">Egyptian pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus">Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemhem_crown" title="Hemhem crown">Hemhem crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennu" title="Hennu">Hennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus_on_the_Crocodiles" title="Horus on the Crocodiles">Horus on the Crocodiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocephalus" title="Hypocephalus">Hypocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">Imiut fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menat" title="Menat">Menat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modius_(headdress)" title="Modius (headdress)">Modius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebu" title="Nebu">Nebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">Nemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshmet" title="Neshmet">Neshmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seqtet_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Seqtet boat">Seqtet boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">Serekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_ring" title="Shen ring">Shen ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_barque" title="Solar barque">Solar barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyet" title="Tyet">Tyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">Ushabti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_crown" title="Vulture crown">Vulture crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was-sceptre" title="Was-sceptre">Was-sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_sun#Ancient_Egypt" title="Winged sun">Winged sun</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_texts" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian texts">Writings</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amduat" title="Amduat">Amduat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Breathing" title="Books of Breathing">Books of Breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Caverns" title="Book of Caverns">Book of Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Earth" title="Book of the Earth">Book of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Gates" title="Book of Gates">Book of Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Heavenly_Cow" title="Book of the Heavenly Cow">Book of the Heavenly Cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Traversing_Eternity" title="Book of Traversing Eternity">Book of Traversing Eternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_Texts" title="Coffin Texts">Coffin Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Contendings_of_Horus_and_Seth" title="The Contendings of Horus and Seth">The Contendings of Horus and Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enigmatic_Book_of_the_Netherworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld">Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Songs_of_Isis_and_Nephthys" title="Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys">Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hymn_to_the_Aten" title="Great Hymn to the Aten">Great Hymn to the Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Eye_of_Horus" title="Litany of the Eye of Horus">Litany of the Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_Re" title="Litany of Re">Litany of Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spell_of_the_Twelve_Caves" title="Spell of the Twelve Caves">Spell of the Twelve Caves</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Category:Festivals in ancient Egypt">Festivals</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Festival_of_the_Valley" title="Beautiful Festival of the Valley">Beautiful Festival of the Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_count" title="Cattle count">Cattle count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_pharaoh" title="Coronation of the pharaoh">Coronation of the pharaoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_festival" title="Min festival">Min festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Osiris" title="Mysteries of Osiris">Mysteries of Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opet_Festival" title="Opet Festival">Opet Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed_festival" title="Sed festival">Sed festival</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Most_High_Goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Most High Goddess">Church of the Most High Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetic_Orthodoxy" title="Kemetic Orthodoxy">Kemetic Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushite_religion" title="Kushite religion">Kushite religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Set" title="Temple of Set">Temple of Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:transparent;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/20px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Template:Ancient Egyptian religion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Template talk:Ancient Egyptian religion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Egyptian religion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Khnum</b>, also romanised <b>Khnemu</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian language">Ancient Egyptian</a>: <span lang="egy">𓎸𓅱𓀭 <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BA%96nmw" class="extiw" title="wikt:ẖnmw">ẖnmw</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Koin%C4%93_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinē Greek language">Koinē Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Χνοῦβις</span>), was one of the earliest-known <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian deities</a> in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a>, originally associated with the <a href="/wiki/Nile_cataracts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile cataracts">Nile cataract</a>. He held the responsibility of regulating the annual inundation of the river, emanating from the caverns of <a href="/wiki/Hapi_(Nile_god)" title="Hapi (Nile god)">Hapi</a>, the deity embodying the flood. Since the annual flooding of the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> brought with it silt and clay, and its water brought life to its surroundings, he eventually became known as the creator of <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a> bodies and the life force <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_concept_of_the_soul#kꜣ_"double"" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul">kꜣ</a> ("<i>ka").</i> Using a <a href="/wiki/Potter%27s_wheel" title="Potter's wheel">potter's wheel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>, he fashioned these entities and placed them within their mothers' <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">wombs</a>. Often, his creative endeavors were overseen by another god. He was later described as having moulded the other deities, and was revered as the creator of the animal kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hart-2005_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pinch-2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinch-2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a> was the equivalent god in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pinch_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinch-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Worship of Khnum spanned from the <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">First Dynasty</a> and persisted even into the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Roman period">Greco-Roman period</a> when rule by native dynasties had ended. Initially, his primary cult center was at <a href="/wiki/Herwer" title="Herwer">Herwer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Egypt" title="Middle Egypt">Middle Egypt</a>. While his presence on the island of <a href="/wiki/Elephantine" title="Elephantine">Elephantine</a> dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic Period</a>, it wasn't until the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> that he ascended to become the principal deity of the island, acquiring the title as the overseer of the <a href="/wiki/First_Cataract" class="mw-redirect" title="First Cataract">First Cataract</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> River. At Elephantine, Khnum formed a divine triad alongside the goddesses <a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a>. His religious significance also extended to <a href="/wiki/Esna" title="Esna">Esna</a>, located south of <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart-2005_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Redford-2001_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redford-2001-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hallof-2011_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hallof-2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khnum's primary function in the inception of human beings was typically portrayed with the horns of a <a href="/wiki/Ram_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram (sheep)">ram</a>, one of the sacred animals worshiped in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, representing aspects such as <a href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">fertility</a>, rebirth, regeneration, and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection" title="Resurrection">resurrection</a>. He was originally illustrated with horizontally spiraled horns (based on the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_corkscrew-horned_sheep" title="Ancient Egyptian corkscrew-horned sheep">Ancient Egyptian corkscrew-horned sheep</a>, an extinct subspecies of the <a href="/wiki/Barbary_sheep" title="Barbary sheep">barbary sheep</a>), but his representation later evolved to feature the down-turned horns of <a href="/wiki/Horns_of_Ammon" title="Horns of Ammon">Ammon</a> in the New Kingdom (based on the extinct sheep subspecies <i>Ovis platyra palaeoaegyptiacus</i>). Khnum's imagery also includes the <a href="/wiki/Crocodile" title="Crocodile">crocodile</a> head, denoting his dominion over the Nile. He can additionally be found wearing the <a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">atef</a> crown adorned with two feathers, or the white crown of Upper Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart-2005_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Treasure-2021_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treasure-2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khnum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hieroglyphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglyphic">hieroglyphic</a> symbol <i>hnm (𓎸</i> ) often appearing in Khnum's name is derived from the word <i>hnmt</i>, signifying "well", or "spring". His name can also be connected to a <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a> root meaning "sheep". Alternatively, the formation of the name can be interpreted as "the beloved divine being". Khnum is also often described with the term <i>iw m hapy</i>, meaning "the coming of the Nile". Additionally, he is called Khnum-Ra, representing his role in the Nile cataract as the soul of the sun-god, <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a>. Khnum's positions and powers are described through various titles such as the "Creator god", "Potter god", "Lord of Life", "Lord of the Field", "Lord of Esna", "the good protector", and "Lord of the crocodiles".<sup id="cite_ref-Hart-2005_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Redford-2001_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redford-2001-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hallof-2011_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hallof-2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Treasure-2021_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treasure-2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hornblower-1932_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hornblower-1932-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over time, the Egyptian word <i>khn.m</i> was later created to mean "shape" or "build", akin to Khnum's divine powers in creation.<sup id="cite_ref-Hornblower-1932_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hornblower-1932-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His significance also led to early <a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">theophoric names</a> of him, for children, such as Khnum-Khufwy "Khnum is my Protector", the full name of <a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu</a>, builder of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza" title="Great Pyramid of Giza">Great Pyramid of Giza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Worship">Worship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khnum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Worship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The worship of Khnum centered on two principal riverside sites, Elephantine and Esna, which were regarded as sacred sites. At Elephantine, he was worshipped alongside Satis and Anuket, while at Esna, he was worshipped alongside <a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebtuwi" title="Nebtuwi">Nebtu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a>. <a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a> was the equivalent god in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a>. Khnum has also been related to the deity <a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinch-2004_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinch-2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shaw_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the Temple at Elephantine and the Temple at Esna, ancient <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">rituals</a> and festivals would take place. Among these was a <a href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">fertility</a> rite, exclusively participated in by women seeking to conceive, with male priests disallowed. Held late in the evening at the Temple of Esna, this ceremony featured women presenting a potter’s wheel and offering chants before a concealed statue in honor of Khnum.<sup id="cite_ref-Hallof-2011_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hallof-2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Installation of the Potter's Wheel" culminated in a celebrated with a feast, occurring on the first day of the month of <a href="/wiki/Paremhat" title="Paremhat">Paremhat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lichtheim-2006b_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lichtheim-2006b-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temple_at_Elephantine">Temple at Elephantine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khnum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Temple at Elephantine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_Mummy_Coffin_of_a_Ram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Egyptian_Mummy_Coffin_of_a_Ram.jpg/220px-Egyptian_Mummy_Coffin_of_a_Ram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Egyptian_Mummy_Coffin_of_a_Ram.jpg/330px-Egyptian_Mummy_Coffin_of_a_Ram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Egyptian_Mummy_Coffin_of_a_Ram.jpg/440px-Egyptian_Mummy_Coffin_of_a_Ram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4496" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Coffin of a Ram associated with Khnum in the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Museum" title="Egyptian Museum">Egyptian Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The original cult center of Khnum was situated in the town of Elephantine, with the <a href="/wiki/Temple" title="Temple">temple</a> dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> era. Khnum, along with his consort Satis and daughter Anuket, were all documented at Elephantine by the <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">Eleventh Dynasty</a>. During the New Kingdom period, leaders expanded existing temples and erected additional structures on the island of Elephantine. Notable additions included the Temples of Khnum and Satet, overseen by Hatshepsut and Thutmose III, along with a <a href="/wiki/Barque#Barques_and_barque_shrines_in_Ancient_Egypt" title="Barque">way-station for the festival barque</a> dedicated to Khnum. Subsequent <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> rulers also imposed their own embellishments later on.<sup id="cite_ref-Raue_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raue-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RW2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lichtheim-2006a_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lichtheim-2006a-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assuan_Elephantine_Chnumtempel_09.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Assuan_Elephantine_Chnumtempel_09.JPG/220px-Assuan_Elephantine_Chnumtempel_09.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Assuan_Elephantine_Chnumtempel_09.JPG/330px-Assuan_Elephantine_Chnumtempel_09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Assuan_Elephantine_Chnumtempel_09.JPG/440px-Assuan_Elephantine_Chnumtempel_09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4309" data-file-height="3232" /></a><figcaption>Remains of the temple house of the Khnum Temple on Elephantine Island in Aswan, Egypt</figcaption></figure> <p>Rams revered by Khnum have been unearthed on the Elephantine Island, mummified, embellished with golden headgear, and placed in stone coffins.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart-2005_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also evidence discovered of tensions between the staff at the Temple of Elephantine and a nearby <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> temple, arising from a desire of the Elephantine staff to enlarge the temple, causing detriment to the Jewish community.<sup id="cite_ref-Kemp-2006_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kemp-2006-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Remnants from the <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Thirteenth Dynasty</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> fragments, provide evidence of architectural features including an entrance, an ornamented room featuring ceremonial depictions, and a sacred boat shrine. Portions of the Greco-Roman Temple of Khnum are believed to have originated from the Middle Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Satet" title="Temple of Satet">Temple of Satet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raue_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raue-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opposite Elephantine, on the east bank at <a href="/wiki/Aswan" title="Aswan">Aswan</a>, Khnum, Satis and Anuket are shown on a chapel wall dating to the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RW2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Presently, one of the few remaining sections of the Temple of Khnum is a grand monumental entrance.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temple_at_Esna">Temple at Esna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khnum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Temple at Esna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SFEC_EGYPT_ESNA_2006-013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/SFEC_EGYPT_ESNA_2006-013.JPG/220px-SFEC_EGYPT_ESNA_2006-013.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/SFEC_EGYPT_ESNA_2006-013.JPG/330px-SFEC_EGYPT_ESNA_2006-013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/SFEC_EGYPT_ESNA_2006-013.JPG/440px-SFEC_EGYPT_ESNA_2006-013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="2496" /></a><figcaption>Khnum on the right with <a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a> on the left, shown on the outside wall of the temple at <a href="/wiki/Esna" title="Esna">Esna</a></figcaption></figure><p> In <a href="/wiki/Esna" title="Esna">Esna</a>, a temple was dedicated to Khnum, <a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a>, among other deities. Although construction of this temple commenced during the Ptolemaic era, the majority of its surviving sections were erected during Roman times. The temple rested in a field, which Khnum is regarded as the lord of, and was responsible for maintaining the land's fertility, ensuring the continuation of life. The Temple of Esna emphasizes his role as a divine potter through numerous hymns that attribute the creation of deities, mankind, plants, and animals to him. The north temple's wall features depictions of the favor shown by Roman rulers, showcasing offerings made by emperors and their encounters with deities.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart-2005_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hallof-2011_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hallof-2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RW2_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lichtheim-2006a_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lichtheim-2006a-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EsnaTemplePM04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/EsnaTemplePM04.jpg/220px-EsnaTemplePM04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/EsnaTemplePM04.jpg/330px-EsnaTemplePM04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/EsnaTemplePM04.jpg/440px-EsnaTemplePM04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>At the Temple of Esna, Emperor Tiberius is depicted led by the deities Buto and Nekhbet to Khnum.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:26949-_Khnum_makes_man_on_the_potters_wheel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/26949-_Khnum_makes_man_on_the_potters_wheel.jpg/220px-26949-_Khnum_makes_man_on_the_potters_wheel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/26949-_Khnum_makes_man_on_the_potters_wheel.jpg/330px-26949-_Khnum_makes_man_on_the_potters_wheel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/26949-_Khnum_makes_man_on_the_potters_wheel.jpg/440px-26949-_Khnum_makes_man_on_the_potters_wheel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6551" data-file-height="4200" /></a><figcaption>Khnum (left) fashions the god Ihy (middle) on a potter's wheel, with the help of the goddess Heqet, Dendera Temple.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EsnaTemplePM27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/EsnaTemplePM27.jpg/220px-EsnaTemplePM27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/EsnaTemplePM27.jpg/330px-EsnaTemplePM27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/EsnaTemplePM27.jpg/440px-EsnaTemplePM27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Horus, emperor <a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a> and Khnum drawing a net with birds of the marshs and fishes, inner north wall, Temple of Khnum, Esna, Egypt.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EsnaTempleExample2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/EsnaTempleExample2.jpg/250px-EsnaTempleExample2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/EsnaTempleExample2.jpg/330px-EsnaTempleExample2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/EsnaTempleExample2.jpg/500px-EsnaTempleExample2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Scene at the south wall, king offers feathers to Khnum and Nepthys, Temple of Khnum, Esna, Egypt</figcaption></figure> <p>Within the temple, Khnum is occasionally depicted with the head of a crocodile. His primary consorts are Nebt-uu and <a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a>, while Heka is recognized as his eldest son and successor. Khnum is sometimes referred to as the "father of the fathers" and Neith as the "mother of the mothers". They later become the parents of <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a>, who is also referred to as Khnum-Re.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The completion of hieroglyphic embellishments in Egyptian temples culminated with the Temple of Esna.<sup id="cite_ref-Hallof-2011_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hallof-2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Esna-A, built in the Ptolemaic era, later gained modern renown as the first ancient Egyptian structure to formally record a connection between the <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">zodiac</a> and the two <a href="/wiki/Decan" title="Decan">decan</a> lists.<sup id="cite_ref-El_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-El-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Presently, much of the site lies in ruins, as many blocks had been repurposed to build a canal.<sup id="cite_ref-El_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-El-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remnants of the temple lie largely obscured beneath modern residential areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portrayal_in_Art_and_Literature">Portrayal in Art and Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khnum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Portrayal in Art and Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khnum is commonly depicted seated beside a potter's wheel, with a formed entity standing upon it, symbolizing his act of creation.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart-2005_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khnum is often portrayed alongside the frog-headed fertility goddess <a href="/wiki/Heqet" title="Heqet">Heqet</a>, who can be seen assisting him at the pottery wheel, as seen in the wall relief of the <a href="/wiki/Mammisi" title="Mammisi">mammisi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a>. Khnum and Heqet can also be found together molding the god <a href="/wiki/Ihy" title="Ihy">Ihy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Dendera_Temple_complex" title="Dendera Temple complex">Dendera Temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Statues of Khnum, Satis, and Anuket, along with <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a>, adorned the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Beit_el-Wali" title="Temple of Beit el-Wali">Temple of Beit el-Wali</a> of Ramesses II.<sup id="cite_ref-RW2_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Karnak's Great <a href="/wiki/Hypostyle" title="Hypostyle">Hypostyle</a> Wall, Khnum stands beside Pharaoh Ramses II and Horus, employing a net to ensnare water fowl. This is also similarly depicted on the inner north wall of the Temple at Esna with Khnum alongside the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hallof-2011_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hallof-2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kemp-2006_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kemp-2006-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout ancient texts, Khnum is depicted as a creator. In the <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a> of the later <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a>, he crafts ferryboats and a ladder ascending to heaven.<sup id="cite_ref-Redford-2001_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redford-2001-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifth Dynasty</a> portrays him specifically as the creator of the vessels used by the <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">sun god Ra</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Solar_barque" title="Solar barque">solar barque</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a>, Khnum is credited as the creator of humans in spell 214 of the <a href="/wiki/Coffin_Texts" title="Coffin Texts">Coffin Texts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treasure-2021_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treasure-2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khnum is mentioned as an inactive god during a <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ipuwer_Papyrus" title="Ipuwer Papyrus">Ipuwer Papyrus</a> of the 12th dynasty, where it is said he "does not fashion because of the state of the land."<sup id="cite_ref-Lichtheim-2006a_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lichtheim-2006a-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Tale_of_Two_Brothers" title="Tale of Two Brothers">Papyrus d'Obriney</a> of Seti II of the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a>, or <i>Tale of Two Brothers</i>, Khnum is responsible for creating <a href="/wiki/Bata_(god)" title="Bata (god)">Bata's</a> wife.<sup id="cite_ref-Simpson-2003_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simpson-2003-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khnum's role extends to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a>, as part of the formula spell to prevent the heart of the deceased from opposing them in the Necropolis.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stelas">Stelas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khnum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Stelas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Khnum features prominently in an inscription and relief of the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Famine_Stela" title="Famine Stela">Famine Stela</a>, located on the island of <a href="/wiki/Sehel_Island" title="Sehel Island">Sehel</a>, south of Elephantine. The <a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">stela</a> recounts a seven-year period of drought and famine during the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">Third Dynasty</a>. According to the inscription, Djoser receives a vision of Khnum, who promises to end the famine. In response, the king issues a decree of one-tenth of all revenue to be allocated to the Temple of Khnum as an offering of gratitude. Above the stela, King Djoser is depicted offering tributes to Khnum, as well as the goddesses <a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Simpson-2003_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simpson-2003-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sehel-steleFamine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Sehel-steleFamine.jpg/220px-Sehel-steleFamine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Sehel-steleFamine.jpg/330px-Sehel-steleFamine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Sehel-steleFamine.jpg/440px-Sehel-steleFamine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The Famine Stela, on the island of Sehel.</figcaption></figure><p>Khnum is also portrayed in the Stela of <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a>. The king is depicted presenting an offering to Khnum, bowing while holding two <i>nw</i>-pots. Khnum holds a <a href="/wiki/Was-sceptre" title="Was-sceptre"><i>was</i>-scepter</a> in his left hand and an ankh in his right, adorned in a kilt and an atef crown topped with a solar disk. Both figures stand on a <i>mA</i>-sickle and are equally sculpted. Above Khnum, it states, "Beloved of Khnum, lord of the West."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Stela of <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a> from Sinn el-Kabid, Tutankhamun is depicted incensing the god Khnum. Khnum is seated on a throne, dressed in a kilt, chest piece, and wide collar, holding an ankh and a <i>was</i>-scepter. Khnum, revered at Kumma, holds an epithet indicative of his protective role over riverine and desert passes, symbolized by opposing bows at the entrances. The text above Khnum designates him as the "Lord of the Cataract."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hymns">Hymns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khnum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hymns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khnum is a recurring figure in numerous of the hymns within the temples at Elephantine and Esna, showcasing his significance. Distinctively, <i>The Morning Hymn to Khnum</i> aligns him with the gods <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Shu (Egyptian god)">Shu</a>, venerating him as the "Lord of life" and attributing him the ability to shape the bodies of humans. Another revered hymn, <i>The Great Hymn to Khnum</i>, celebrates him as the creator of all men, gods, and animals, as well as the provider of minerals and nurturer of plant life. This hymn delves into Khnum's intricate craftsmanship in forming body parts and assigning their functions. Additionally, Khnum is also acknowledged for creating a diversity of languages across regions, contrasting with Egyptian speech. In this hymn, Khnum is further depicted as the "Ba-of" many different deities scattered throughout Egypt, merging with the gods and representing the embodiment of their souls.<sup id="cite_ref-Lichtheim-2006b_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lichtheim-2006b-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>The Great Second Hymn to Khnum</i>, the hymn depicts Khnum-Ra sailing across the sky to establish pillars with goddesses in the south, north, and east, and possibly the west.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further linking Khnum to the divine narrative, he is mentioned in <i>The Hymn to Hapy</i>, connecting him to the Nile-god.<sup id="cite_ref-Lichtheim-2006a_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lichtheim-2006a-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divine_Birth_Scenes">Divine Birth Scenes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khnum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Divine Birth Scenes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khnum,_Setos_I.,_Amun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Khnum%2C_Setos_I.%2C_Amun.jpg/250px-Khnum%2C_Setos_I.%2C_Amun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Khnum%2C_Setos_I.%2C_Amun.jpg/330px-Khnum%2C_Setos_I.%2C_Amun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Khnum%2C_Setos_I.%2C_Amun.jpg/500px-Khnum%2C_Setos_I.%2C_Amun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="971" /></a><figcaption>Khnum, Setos I and Amun in the mortuary temple of Seti I in Abydos</figcaption></figure> <p>The god Khnum plays a significant role in the birth narratives of Egyptian leaders, often serving to legitimize their rule. In the Old Kingdom, King <a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a> of the Fifth Dynasty can be seen suckling on the goddess <a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a> at his birth, with Khnum presiding beside them.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Middle Kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/Westcar_Papyrus" title="Westcar Papyrus">Westcar Papyrus</a>, recounts the birth of three triplet kings by the woman <a href="/wiki/Ruddedet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruddedet">Ruddedet</a>. Khnum and the other deities disguise themselves to assist with the birth, and Khnum infuses "health" into the life of the bodies of the future kings, receiving a sack of barley as payment.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart-2005_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lichtheim-2006a_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lichtheim-2006a-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Queen <a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a> of the New Kingdom was similarly illustrated being created on Khnum's potter's wheel in the <a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Hatshepsut%27s_birth_and_coronation" title="Depiction of Hatshepsut's birth and coronation">depiction of her Divine Birth</a>, at the Temple of <a href="/wiki/Deir_el-Bahari" title="Deir el-Bahari">Deir el-Bahari</a>, bestowing "life, health, and strength, and all gifts," upon her. It is also carved that Khnum made "her appearance above the gods". Additionally, reliefs in the <a href="/wiki/Luxor_Temple" title="Luxor Temple">Luxor Temple</a> illustrate Khnum crafting the body and <i>ka</i> of King <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a> in a comparable manner.<sup id="cite_ref-Treasure-2021_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treasure-2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khnum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Khnum is featured in <a href="/wiki/Hirohiko_Araki" title="Hirohiko Araki">Hirohiko Araki's</a> 1989 Manga and its subsequent <a href="/wiki/JoJo%27s_Bizarre_Adventure:_Stardust_Crusaders" title="JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Stardust Crusaders">TV adaptation</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/JoJo%27s_Bizarre_Adventure" title="JoJo's Bizarre Adventure">JoJo's Bizarre Adventure</a> <a href="/wiki/Stardust_Crusaders" title="Stardust Crusaders">Part 3: Stardust Crusaders</a></i> as the stand of Oingo, the first of the Oingo Boingo Brothers, giving him the ability to alter his appearance in reference to Khnum's feat of creating humans.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khnum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 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#d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Depictions of Khnum and the Temples at Esna and Elephantine</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statuette_of_the_god_Khnum,_steatite_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_513_p05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khnum with the curved horns of Ammon, of the Late Period of ancient Egypt, made of soapstone."><img alt="Khnum with the curved horns of Ammon, of the Late Period of ancient Egypt, made of soapstone." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Statuette_of_the_god_Khnum%2C_steatite_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_513_p05.jpg/135px-Statuette_of_the_god_Khnum%2C_steatite_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_513_p05.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Statuette_of_the_god_Khnum%2C_steatite_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_513_p05.jpg/202px-Statuette_of_the_god_Khnum%2C_steatite_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_513_p05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Statuette_of_the_god_Khnum%2C_steatite_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_513_p05.jpg/270px-Statuette_of_the_god_Khnum%2C_steatite_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_513_p05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4836" data-file-height="6092" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Khnum with the curved horns of Ammon, of the <a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late Period of ancient Egypt</a>, made of <a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">soapstone</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amulet_of_Khnum_MET_DP241018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amulet of Khnum, of the Ptolemaic Period, made of faience."><img alt="Amulet of Khnum, of the Ptolemaic Period, made of faience." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Amulet_of_Khnum_MET_DP241018.jpg/250px-Amulet_of_Khnum_MET_DP241018.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Amulet_of_Khnum_MET_DP241018.jpg/330px-Amulet_of_Khnum_MET_DP241018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3001" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amulet of Khnum, of the Ptolemaic Period, made of <a href="/wiki/Faience" title="Faience">faience</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RPM_%C3%84gypten_209.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Psamtik II offers a sacrifice to the god Khnum wearing a solar disk (right)."><img alt="Psamtik II offers a sacrifice to the god Khnum wearing a solar disk (right)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/RPM_%C3%84gypten_209.jpg/160px-RPM_%C3%84gypten_209.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/RPM_%C3%84gypten_209.jpg/240px-RPM_%C3%84gypten_209.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/RPM_%C3%84gypten_209.jpg/320px-RPM_%C3%84gypten_209.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1399" data-file-height="693" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_II" title="Psamtik II">Psamtik II</a> offers a sacrifice to the god Khnum wearing a <a href="/wiki/Solar_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar disk">solar disk</a> (right).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Esna_Tempel_Relief_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emperor Domitian slays the country's enemies in front of Khnum and Menhit, southeast side of the Temple of Esna from Roman times, Egypt."><img alt="Emperor Domitian slays the country's enemies in front of Khnum and Menhit, southeast side of the Temple of Esna from Roman times, Egypt." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Esna_Tempel_Relief_02.jpg/160px-Esna_Tempel_Relief_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Esna_Tempel_Relief_02.jpg/240px-Esna_Tempel_Relief_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Esna_Tempel_Relief_02.jpg/320px-Esna_Tempel_Relief_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3205" data-file-height="2410" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Emperor <a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a> slays the country's enemies in front of Khnum and Menhit, southeast side of the Temple of Esna from Roman times, Egypt.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_sculpture_IMG_0573.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Seated statue of Khnum, 18th Dynasty, Louvre Museum, Paris, France."><img alt="Seated statue of Khnum, 18th Dynasty, Louvre Museum, Paris, France." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Egyptian_sculpture_IMG_0573.JPG/127px-Egyptian_sculpture_IMG_0573.JPG" decoding="async" width="127" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Egyptian_sculpture_IMG_0573.JPG/191px-Egyptian_sculpture_IMG_0573.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Egyptian_sculpture_IMG_0573.JPG/255px-Egyptian_sculpture_IMG_0573.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Seated statue of Khnum, 18th Dynasty, <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Louvre Museum">Louvre Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliefs_at_Deir_el-Haggar_(V)_(8157855708).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Relief at Deir el-Haggar (V) depicting Titus Caesar (left) making an offering before Khnum (middle) and Satet (right)."><img alt="Relief at Deir el-Haggar (V) depicting Titus Caesar (left) making an offering before Khnum (middle) and Satet (right)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Reliefs_at_Deir_el-Haggar_%28V%29_%288157855708%29.jpg/160px-Reliefs_at_Deir_el-Haggar_%28V%29_%288157855708%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Reliefs_at_Deir_el-Haggar_%28V%29_%288157855708%29.jpg/240px-Reliefs_at_Deir_el-Haggar_%28V%29_%288157855708%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Reliefs_at_Deir_el-Haggar_%28V%29_%288157855708%29.jpg/320px-Reliefs_at_Deir_el-Haggar_%28V%29_%288157855708%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="2472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Relief at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_el-Haggar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deir el-Haggar (page does not exist)">Deir el-Haggar</a> (V) depicting <a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a> Caesar (left) making an offering before Khnum (middle) and Satet (right).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_schmuela_-_sweeeet_Khmoun.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Painted relief of Thutmose I and Khnum in Elephantine Island."><img alt="Painted relief of Thutmose I and Khnum in Elephantine Island." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flickr_-_schmuela_-_sweeeet_Khmoun.jpg/160px-Flickr_-_schmuela_-_sweeeet_Khmoun.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flickr_-_schmuela_-_sweeeet_Khmoun.jpg/240px-Flickr_-_schmuela_-_sweeeet_Khmoun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flickr_-_schmuela_-_sweeeet_Khmoun.jpg/320px-Flickr_-_schmuela_-_sweeeet_Khmoun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Painted relief of <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a> and Khnum in Elephantine Island.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Momie_du_Mus%C3%A9um_de_Perpignan_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khnum on the details of the sarcophagus of the mummy from the Perpignan Museum. The mummy is a priest-scribe of the temple of Amun-Re from the 21st dynasty named Iouef-en-Khonsou."><img alt="Khnum on the details of the sarcophagus of the mummy from the Perpignan Museum. The mummy is a priest-scribe of the temple of Amun-Re from the 21st dynasty named Iouef-en-Khonsou." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Momie_du_Mus%C3%A9um_de_Perpignan_09.jpg/113px-Momie_du_Mus%C3%A9um_de_Perpignan_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Momie_du_Mus%C3%A9um_de_Perpignan_09.jpg/170px-Momie_du_Mus%C3%A9um_de_Perpignan_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Momie_du_Mus%C3%A9um_de_Perpignan_09.jpg/226px-Momie_du_Mus%C3%A9um_de_Perpignan_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Khnum on the details of the sarcophagus of the mummy from the Perpignan Museum. The mummy is a priest-scribe of the temple of Amun-Re from the <a href="/wiki/21st_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="21st Dynasty">21st dynasty</a> named Iouef-en-Khonsou.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:27267-_Esna,_Temple_of_Khnum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Temple of Khnum at Esna."><img alt="The Temple of Khnum at Esna." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/27267-_Esna%2C_Temple_of_Khnum.jpg/250px-27267-_Esna%2C_Temple_of_Khnum.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/27267-_Esna%2C_Temple_of_Khnum.jpg/330px-27267-_Esna%2C_Temple_of_Khnum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8256" data-file-height="5504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Temple of Khnum at Esna.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khnum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khnum&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVelde1980" class="citation journal cs1">Velde, H. te (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3269982">"A Few Remarks upon the Religious Significance of Animals in Ancient Egypt"</a>. <i>Numen</i>. <b>27</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">76–</span>82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3269982">10.2307/3269982</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-5973">0029-5973</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3269982">3269982</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Numen&rft.atitle=A+Few+Remarks+upon+the+Religious+Significance+of+Animals+in+Ancient+Egypt&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E76-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.date=1980&rft.issn=0029-5973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3269982%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3269982&rft.aulast=Velde&rft.aufirst=H.+te&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3269982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhnum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hart-2005-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hart-2005_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hart-2005_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hart-2005_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hart-2005_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hart-2005_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a 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Wiley. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781444320053">10.1002/9781444320053</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-5598-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-5598-4"><bdi>978-1-4051-5598-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2010-04-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781444320053&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-5598-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%2F9781444320053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhnum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kemp-2006-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kemp-2006_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kemp-2006_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKemp2006" class="citation book cs1">Kemp, Barry J. (2006-01-13). <i>Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization</i> (2 ed.). Taylor & Francis Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415235501" title="Special:BookSources/9780415235501"><bdi>9780415235501</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egypt%3A+Anatomy+of+a+Civilization&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2006-01-13&rft.isbn=9780415235501&rft.aulast=Kemp&rft.aufirst=Barry+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhnum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bard" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathryn Bard">Kathryn Bard</a>, ed. (1999). <i>Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt</i>. Psychology Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-El-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-El_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-El_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">El-Shaieb, Mona Z. and Hemeda, Sayed. (2014). "Reconstruction of the first zodiac: Esna A". <i>Cairo University.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIbrahim2019" class="citation book cs1">Ibrahim, Venice (June 7, 2019). Tatomir, Renata (ed.). <i>East-West Dialogue: Individual and Society through Ages</i> (2 ed.). Hyperion University of Bucharest: Editura Universul Academic. pp. <span class="nowrap">43–</span>70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East-West+Dialogue%3A+Individual+and+Society+through+Ages&rft.place=Hyperion+University+of+Bucharest&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E43-%3C%2Fspan%3E70&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Editura+Universul+Academic&rft.date=2019-06-07&rft.aulast=Ibrahim&rft.aufirst=Venice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhnum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simpson-2003-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Simpson-2003_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simpson-2003_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2003" class="citation book cs1">Simpson, William Kelly (2003). <i>The Literature of Ancient Egypt : An Anthology of Stories, Instructions, and Poetry</i>. Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Literature+of+Ancient+Egypt+%3A+An+Anthology+of+Stories%2C+Instructions%2C+and+Poetry&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=William+Kelly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhnum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLichtheim2006" class="citation book cs1">Lichtheim, Miriam (2006). <i>Ancient Egyptian Literature, Volume II : The New Kingdom</i>. University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptian+Literature%2C+Volume+II+%3A+The+New+Kingdom&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Lichtheim&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhnum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDarnell2011" class="citation book cs1">Darnell, John Coleman (2011). "A Stela of Sety I from the Region of Kurkur Oasis". In S. Snape; M. Collier (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/19067683"><i>Ramesside Studies in Honour of K.A. Kitchen</i></a>. Liverpool: Rutherford Press Limited. pp. <span class="nowrap">127–</span>144.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Stela+of+Sety+I+from+the+Region+of+Kurkur+Oasis&rft.btitle=Ramesside+Studies+in+Honour+of+K.A.+Kitchen&rft.place=Liverpool&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E127-%3C%2Fspan%3E144&rft.pub=Rutherford+Press+Limited&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Darnell&rft.aufirst=John+Coleman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F19067683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhnum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDarnellHaddad2003" class="citation journal cs1">Darnell, John Coleman; Haddad, Abd el-Hakim (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152884">"A Stela of the Reign of Tutankhamun from the Region of Kurkur Oasis"</a>. <i>Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur</i>. <b>31</b>: <span class="nowrap">73–</span>91. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0340-2215">0340-2215</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152884">25152884</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studien+zur+Alt%C3%A4gyptischen+Kultur&rft.atitle=A+Stela+of+the+Reign+of+Tutankhamun+from+the+Region+of+Kurkur+Oasis&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E91&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25152884%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0340-2215&rft.aulast=Darnell&rft.aufirst=John+Coleman&rft.au=Haddad%2C+Abd+el-Hakim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25152884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhnum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHafez2024" class="citation journal cs1">Hafez, Sherin (2024-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ijthsx.2024.245028.1066">"The Mythological Significance of aHaj.t ; The Goddess of the South"</a>. <i>The International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Studies</i>. <b>6</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21608%2Fijthsx.2024.245028.1066">10.21608/ijthsx.2024.245028.1066</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2785-9851">2785-9851</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+Tourism+and+Hospitality+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Mythological+Significance+of+aHaj.t+%3B+The+Goddess+of+the+South&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E23&rft.date=2024-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21608%2Fijthsx.2024.245028.1066&rft.issn=2785-9851&rft.aulast=Hafez&rft.aufirst=Sherin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.21608%2Fijthsx.2024.245028.1066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhnum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEl-ShamyIbrahimHassanShaikh_Al_Arab2019" class="citation journal cs1">El-Shamy, Saraa; Ibrahim, Osama; Hassan, Taher; Shaikh Al Arab, Walid (2019-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21608%2Fijhth.2019.35114">"Goddess Nekhbet Scenes on Royal Monuments during the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties"</a>. <i>International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality</i>. <b>13</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">190–</span>201. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21608%2Fijhth.2019.35114">10.21608/ijhth.2019.35114</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2636-414X">2636-414X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Heritage%2C+Tourism+and+Hospitality&rft.atitle=Goddess+Nekhbet+Scenes+on+Royal+Monuments+during+the+Fifth+and+Sixth+Dynasties&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E190-%3C%2Fspan%3E201&rft.date=2019-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21608%2Fijhth.2019.35114&rft.issn=2636-414X&rft.aulast=El-Shamy&rft.aufirst=Saraa&rft.au=Ibrahim%2C+Osama&rft.au=Hassan%2C+Taher&rft.au=Shaikh+Al+Arab%2C+Walid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.21608%252Fijhth.2019.35114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhnum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDevilRedViper2022" class="citation audio-visual cs1">DevilRedViper (2022-12-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDHIgMDYZhY"><i>JJBA Stardust Crusaders - Khnum's Oingo and Thoth's Boingo - Animation Highlights</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-21</span></span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JJBA+Stardust+Crusaders+-+Khnum%27s+Oingo+and+Thoth%27s+Boingo+-+Animation+Highlights.&rft.date=2022-12-27&rft.au=DevilRedViper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DjDHIgMDYZhY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhnum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jojowiki.com/Chapter_189">"Chapter 189"</a>. <i>JoJo's Bizarre Encyclopedia - JoJo Wiki</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JoJo%27s+Bizarre+Encyclopedia+-+JoJo+Wiki&rft.atitle=Chapter+189&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjojowiki.com%2FChapter_189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhnum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khnum&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Khnum" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Khnum">Khnum</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Egyptian_religion506" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#decd87"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link 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style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Beliefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_afterlife_beliefs" title="Ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths" title="Ancient Egyptian creation myths">Creation myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfet_(Egyptian_mythology)" title="Isfet (Egyptian mythology)">Isfet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maa_Kheru" title="Maa Kheru">Maa Kheru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Egyptian_mythology" title="Numbers in Egyptian mythology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris_myth" title="Osiris myth">Osiris myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy" title="Ancient Egyptian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_conception_of_the_soul" title="Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul">Soul</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Djed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/175px-Djed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/263px-Djed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/350px-Djed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="390" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canopic_jar" title="Canopic jar">Canopic jars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ritual_of_Embalming_Papyrus" title="The Ritual of Embalming Papyrus">Embalming ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary practices">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_temple" title="Mortuary temple">Mortuary temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_offering_formula" title="Ancient Egyptian offering formula">Offering formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony" title="Opening of the mouth ceremony">Opening of the mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids" title="Egyptian pyramids">Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Veneration of the dead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities" title="Ancient Egyptian deities">Deities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_deities" title="List of Egyptian deities">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ogdoad_(Egyptian)" title="Ogdoad (Egyptian)">Ogdoad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amunet" title="Amunet">Amunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heh_(god)" title="Heh (god)">Heh and Hauhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kek_(mythology)" title="Kek (mythology)">Kek and Kauket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_(mythology)" title="Nu (mythology)">Nu and Naunet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ennead" title="Ennead">Ennead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(goddess)" title="Nut (goddess)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Shu (Egyptian god)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnut" title="Tefnut">Tefnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Triad_(religion)" title="Triad (religion)">Triads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephantine#Elephantine_triad" title="Elephantine">Elephantine Triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theban_Triad" title="Theban Triad">Theban Triad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>A</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aani" title="Aani">Aani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aati" title="Aati">Aati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaset" title="Abaset">Abaset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abtu" title="Abtu">Abtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Nefertari#Death_and_deification" title="Ahmose-Nefertari">Ahmose-Nefertari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(deity)" title="Aker (deity)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhty_(deity)" title="Akhty (deity)">Akhty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep,_son_of_Hapu#Legacy" title="Amenhotep, son of Hapu">Amenhotep, son of Hapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesemi" title="Amesemi">Amesemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am-heh" title="Am-heh">Am-heh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu-Aa" title="Amu-Aa">Amu-Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anat" title="Anat">Anat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andjety" title="Andjety">Andjety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anput" title="Anput">Anput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apedemak" title="Apedemak">Apedemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apep" title="Apep">Apep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apesh" title="Apesh">Apesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apis_(deity)" title="Apis (deity)">Apis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqen" title="Aqen">Aqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arensnuphis" title="Arensnuphis">Arensnuphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_(deity)" title="Ash (deity)">Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessors_of_Maat" title="Assessors of Maat">Assessors of Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li> <li><b>B</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalat_Gebal" title="Baalat Gebal">Baalat Gebal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babi_(mythology)" title="Babi (mythology)">Babi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba-Pef" title="Ba-Pef">Ba-Pef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_(goddess)" title="Bat (goddess)">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_(god)" title="Bata (god)">Bata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennu" title="Bennu">Bennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beset" class="mw-redirect" title="Beset">Beset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchis" title="Buchis">Buchis</a></li> <li><b>C</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Cavern deities of the underworld">Cavern deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><b>D</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedun" title="Dedun">Dedun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus-Osiris" title="Dionysus-Osiris">Dionysus-Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefhor" title="Djedefhor">Djedefhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duamutef" class="mw-redirect" title="Duamutef">Duamutef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duau_(god)" title="Duau (god)">Duau</a></li> <li><b>G</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Gate deities of the underworld">Gate deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengen-Wer" title="Gengen-Wer">Gengen-Wer</a></li> <li><b>H</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha_(mythology)" title="Ha (mythology)">Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapi_(Nile_god)" title="Hapi (Nile god)">Hapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sons_of_Horus" title="Four sons of Horus">Hapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmachis" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmachis">Harmachis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsomtus" title="Harsomtus">Harsomtus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmehit" title="Hatmehit">Hatmehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauron" title="Hauron">Hauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedetet" title="Hedetet">Hedetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjhotep" title="Hedjhotep">Hedjhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemen" title="Hemen">Hemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemsut" title="Hemsut">Hemsut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henet" title="Henet">Henet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqaib#Legacy" title="Heqaib">Heqaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqet" title="Heqet">Heqet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heru-ur" class="mw-redirect" title="Heru-ur">Heru-ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heryshaf" title="Heryshaf">Heryshaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesat" title="Hesat">Hesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_(mythology)" title="Hu (mythology)">Hu</a></li> <li><b>I</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iabet" title="Iabet">Iabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iah" title="Iah">Iah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iat" title="Iat">Iat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igai_(deity)" title="Igai (deity)">Igai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihy" title="Ihy">Ihy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhemu-sek" title="Ikhemu-sek">Ikhemu-sek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imentet" title="Imentet">Imentet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imhotep#Deification" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imsety" class="mw-redirect" title="Imsety">Imsety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipy_(goddess)" title="Ipy (goddess)">Ipy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irer" title="Irer">Irer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iunit" title="Iunit">Iunit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iusaaset" title="Iusaaset">Iusaaset</a></li> <li><b>J</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Ammon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Ammon">Jupiter Ammon</a></li> <li><b>K</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagemni_I" title="Kagemni I">Kagemni I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebechet" title="Kebechet">Kebechet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khensit" title="Khensit">Khensit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-Amentiu" title="Khenti-Amentiu">Khenti-Amentiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-kheti" title="Khenti-kheti">Khenti-kheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepri" title="Khepri">Khepri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khereduankh" title="Khereduankh">Khereduankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherty" title="Kherty">Kherty</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolanthes" title="Kolanthes">Kolanthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothar-wa-Khasis" title="Kothar-wa-Khasis">Kothar-wa-Khasis</a></li> <li><b>M</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maahes" title="Maahes">Maahes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafdet" title="Mafdet">Mafdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandulis" title="Mandulis">Mandulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed" title="Medjed">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehen" title="Mehen">Mehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehet-Weret" title="Mehet-Weret">Mehet-Weret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehit" title="Mehit">Mehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meret" title="Meret">Meret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretseger" title="Meretseger">Meretseger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhenet" title="Meskhenet">Meskhenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnevis" title="Mnevis">Mnevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montu" title="Montu">Montu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a></li> <li><b>N</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebethetepet" title="Nebethetepet">Nebethetepet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebtuwi" title="Nebtuwi">Nebtuwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertem" title="Nefertem">Nefertem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehebkau" title="Nehebkau">Nehebkau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehmetawy" title="Nehmetawy">Nehmetawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemty" title="Nemty">Nemty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Neper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Nepit</a></li> <li><b>P</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakhet" title="Pakhet">Pakhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perit_(goddess)" title="Perit (goddess)">Perit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petbe" title="Petbe">Petbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep">Ptahhotep</a></li> <li><b>Q</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebehsenuef" class="mw-redirect" title="Qebehsenuef">Qebehsenuef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebui" title="Qebui">Qebui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qed-her" title="Qed-her">Qed-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qetesh" title="Qetesh">Qetesh</a></li> <li><b>R</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raet-Tawy" title="Raet-Tawy">Raet-Tawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhyt#Deity" title="Rekhyt">Rekhyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rem_(mythology)" title="Rem (mythology)">Rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renenutet" title="Renenutet">Renenutet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpet" title="Renpet">Renpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpetneferet" title="Renpetneferet">Renpetneferet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repyt" title="Repyt">Repyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resheph" title="Resheph">Resheph</a></li> <li><b>S</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sah_(god)" title="Sah (god)">Sah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiumeker" title="Sebiumeker">Sebiumeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjem" title="Sedjem">Sedjem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seker" title="Seker">Seker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serket" title="Serket">Serket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshat" title="Seshat">Seshat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shai" title="Shai">Shai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(deity)" title="Shed (deity)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesmetet" title="Shesmetet">Shesmetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shezmu" title="Shezmu">Shezmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sia_(god)" title="Sia (god)">Sia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdet" title="Sopdet">Sopdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdu" title="Sopdu">Sopdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen" title="Souls of Pe and Nekhen">Souls of Pe and Nekhen</a></li> <li><b>T</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta-Bitjet" title="Ta-Bitjet">Ta-Bitjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatenen" title="Tatenen">Tatenen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret">Taweret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayt" title="Tayt">Tayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teka-her" title="Teka-her">Teka-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjenenyet" title="Tjenenyet">Tjenenyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Tutu (Egyptian god)">Tutu</a></li> <li><b>U</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unut" title="Unut">Unut</a></li> <li><b>W</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadj-wer" title="Wadj-wer">Wadj-wer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(Egyptian_deity)" title="Weneg (Egyptian deity)">Weneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepset" title="Wepset">Wepset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepwawet" title="Wepwawet">Wepwawet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werethekau" title="Werethekau">Werethekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wosret" title="Wosret">Wosret</a></li> <li><b>Y</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(god)" title="Yam (god)">Yam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Egyptian legendary creatures">Creatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhekh" title="Akhekh">Akhekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx#Egypt" title="Sphinx">Criosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieracosphinx" title="Hieracosphinx">Hieracosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed_(fish)" title="Medjed (fish)">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpopard" title="Serpopard">Serpopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_animal" title="Set animal">Sha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djadjaemankh" title="Djadjaemankh">Djadjaemankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedi" title="Djedi">Djedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rededjet" title="Rededjet">Rededjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaoner" title="Ubaoner">Ubaoner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaru" title="Aaru">Aaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhet_(hieroglyph)" title="Akhet (hieroglyph)">Akhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benben" title="Benben">Benben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Manu" title="Land of Manu">Land of Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Indestructibles" title="The Indestructibles">The Indestructibles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_symbols" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian symbols">Symbols<br />and objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anra_scarab" title="Anra scarab">Anra scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">Cartouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_mummy" title="Corn mummy">Corn mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowroid" title="Cowroid">Cowroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">Crook and flail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_justification" title="Crown of justification">Crown of justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Deshret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djed" title="Djed">Djed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_obelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian obelisk">Egyptian obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pool" title="Egyptian pool">Egyptian pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus">Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemhem_crown" title="Hemhem crown">Hemhem crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennu" title="Hennu">Hennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus_on_the_Crocodiles" title="Horus on the Crocodiles">Horus on the Crocodiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocephalus" title="Hypocephalus">Hypocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">Imiut fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menat" title="Menat">Menat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modius_(headdress)" title="Modius (headdress)">Modius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebu" title="Nebu">Nebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">Nemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshmet" title="Neshmet">Neshmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">Serekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_ring" title="Shen ring">Shen ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_barque" title="Solar barque">Solar barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyet" title="Tyet">Tyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">Ushabti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_crown" title="Vulture crown">Vulture crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was-sceptre" title="Was-sceptre">Was-sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_sun#Ancient_Egypt" title="Winged sun">Winged sun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_texts" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian texts">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amduat" title="Amduat">Amduat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Breathing" title="Books of Breathing">Books of Breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Caverns" title="Book of Caverns">Book of Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Earth" title="Book of the Earth">Book of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Gates" title="Book of Gates">Book of Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Heavenly_Cow" title="Book of the Heavenly Cow">Book of the Heavenly Cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Traversing_Eternity" title="Book of Traversing Eternity">Book of Traversing Eternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_Texts" title="Coffin Texts">Coffin Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enigmatic_Book_of_the_Netherworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld">Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Songs_of_Isis_and_Nephthys" title="Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys">Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hymn_to_the_Aten" title="Great Hymn to the Aten">Great Hymn to the Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Eye_of_Horus" title="Litany of the Eye of Horus">Litany of the Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_Re" title="Litany of Re">Litany of Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spell_of_the_Twelve_Caves" title="Spell of the Twelve Caves">Spell of the Twelve Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Contendings_of_Horus_and_Seth" title="The Contendings of Horus and Seth">The Contendings of Horus and Seth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Category:Festivals in ancient Egypt">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Festival_of_the_Valley" title="Beautiful Festival of the Valley">Beautiful Festival of the Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_count" title="Cattle count">Cattle count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_pharaoh" title="Coronation of the pharaoh">Coronation of the pharaoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_festival" title="Min festival">Min festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Osiris" title="Mysteries of Osiris">Mysteries of Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opet_Festival" title="Opet Festival">Opet Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed_festival" title="Sed festival">Sed festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Related religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Most_High_Goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Most High Goddess">Church of the Most High Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetic_Orthodoxy" title="Kemetic Orthodoxy">Kemetic Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushite_religion" title="Kushite religion">Kushite religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Set" title="Temple of Set">Temple of Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#decd87"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/20px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/40px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 1.5x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Egypt" title="Portal:Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kushite_religion326" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#F0E4AE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kushite_religion_footer" title="Template:Kushite religion footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Kushite_religion_footer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Kushite religion footer (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kushite_religion_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kushite religion footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kushite_religion326" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kushite_religion" title="Kushite religion">Kushite religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kushite_religion#History" title="Kushite religion">Beliefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_afterlife_beliefs" title="Ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubia#Christian_Nubia" title="Nubia">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths" title="Ancient Egyptian creation myths">Creation myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flooding_of_the_Nile" title="Flooding of the Nile">Flooding of the Nile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy" title="Ancient Egyptian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Neferti" title="Prophecy of Neferti">Prophecy of Neferti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_concept_of_the_soul" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul">Soul</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos-Bold-hieroglyph-S12.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Abydos-Bold-hieroglyph-S12.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="58" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="95" data-file-height="58" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medjay#Pan-graves" title="Medjay">Burials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execration_texts" title="Execration texts">Execration texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary practices">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_temple" title="Mortuary temple">Mortuary temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_pyramids" title="Nubian pyramids">Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_architecture" title="Nubian architecture">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Veneration of the dead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%">deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#f0e4ae;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elephantine#Elephantine_triad" title="Elephantine">Elephantine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anaka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khenmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#f0e4ae;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amesemi#The_Temples_of_Naqa" title="Amesemi">Naqa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesemi" title="Amesemi">Amesemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apedemak" title="Apedemak">Apedemak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>A</b></li> <li>Amanete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur</a></li> <li>Aqedise</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arensnuphis" title="Arensnuphis">Arensnuphis</a></li> <li>Ariten</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Atari</a></li> <li><b>B</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a></li> <li>Breith</li> <li><b>D</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedun" title="Dedun">Dedun</a></li> <li><b>H</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemen" title="Hemen">Hemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a></li> <li><b>M</b></li> <li>Makedeke</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandulis" title="Mandulis">Mandulis</a></li> <li>Mash</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehit" title="Mehit">Mehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a></li> <li>Miket</li> <li><b>N</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_(mythology)" title="Nu (mythology)">Nu</a></li> <li><b>R</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></li> <li><b>S</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiumeker" title="Sebiumeker">Sebiumeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a></li> <li><b>T</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a></li> <li><b>W</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Wusa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush#History" title="Kingdom of Kush">Cultures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-Group_culture" title="A-Group culture">A-Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alodia" title="Alodia">Alodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-Group_culture#Existence_of_the_B-Group" title="A-Group culture">B-Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blemmyes" title="Blemmyes">Blemmyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-Group_culture" title="C-Group culture">C-Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerma_culture" title="Kerma culture">Kerma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_al-Abwab" title="Kingdom of al-Abwab">Kingdom of al-Abwab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makuria" title="Makuria">Makuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjay" title="Medjay">Medja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mero%C3%AB" title="Meroë">Meroë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napata" title="Napata">Napata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobatia" title="Nobatia">Nobatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Group_culture" title="X-Group culture">X-Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Locations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aniba_(Nubia)" title="Aniba (Nubia)">Aniba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballana" title="Ballana">Ballana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigeh" title="Bigeh">Bigeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_el-Bahari" title="Deir el-Bahari">Deir el-Bahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triakontaschoinos" title="Triakontaschoinos">Dodekaschoinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dotawo" title="Dotawo">Dotawo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephantine" title="Elephantine">Elephantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Barkal" title="Jebel Barkal">Jebel Barkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawa,_Sudan" title="Kawa, Sudan">Kawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisht" title="Lisht">Lisht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musawwarat_es-Sufra" title="Musawwarat es-Sufra">Musawwarat es-Sufra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philae_temple_complex" title="Philae temple complex">Philae temple complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_Ibrim" title="Qasr Ibrim">Qasr Ibrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qustul" title="Qustul">Qustul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semna_(Nubia)" title="Semna (Nubia)">Semna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Amun,_Jebel_Barkal" title="Temple of Amun, Jebel Barkal">Temple of Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Dendur" title="Temple of Dendur">Temple of Dendur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Mut,_Jebel_Barkal" title="Temple of Mut, Jebel Barkal">Temple of Mut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throne_Hall_of_Dongola" title="Throne Hall of Dongola">Throne Hall of Dongola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombos_(Nubia)" title="Tombos (Nubia)">Tombos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%">Sacred animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abtu" title="Abtu">Abtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_lion" title="Barbary lion">Barbary lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_in_religion_and_mythology#Nubia" title="Cattle in religion and mythology">Cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon" title="Falcon">Falcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieracosphinx" title="Hieracosphinx">Hieracosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed_(fish)" title="Medjed (fish)">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_crocodile" title="Nile crocodile">Nile crocodile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_African_elephant#History" title="North African elephant">North African elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_ibex" title="Nubian ibex">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpopard" title="Serpopard">Serpopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret">Taweret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%">Symbols <br />& objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartouche_(hieroglyph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartouche (hieroglyph)">Cartouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">Christian cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">Crook and flail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_justification" title="Crown of justification">Crown of justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Deshret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djed" title="Djed">Djed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_obelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian obelisk">Egyptian obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pool" title="Egyptian pool">Egyptian pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus">Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold#History" title="Gold">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafir" title="Hafir">Hafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemhem_crown" title="Hemhem crown">Hemhem crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennu" title="Hennu">Hennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus_on_the_Crocodiles" title="Horus on the Crocodiles">Horus on the Crocodiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocephalus" title="Hypocephalus">Hypocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">Imiut fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menat" title="Menat">Menat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebu" title="Nebu">Nebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">Nemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">Serekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_ring" title="Shen ring">Shen ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_barque" title="Solar barque">Solar barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyet" title="Tyet">Tyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">Ushabti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_crown" title="Vulture crown">Vulture crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was-sceptre" title="Was-sceptre">Was-sceptre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nubian_languages" title="Nubian languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blemmyes#Language" title="Blemmyes">Blemmyes language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_language" title="Meroitic language">Meroitic language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meroitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Meroitic alphabet">Meroitic alphabet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Nubian" title="Old Nubian"> Nubian language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" 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