CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="th" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ทิเบต - วิกิพีเดีย</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )thwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"thai", "wgMonthNames":["","มกราคม","กุมภาพันธ์","มีนาคม","เมษายน","พฤษภาคม","มิถุนายน","กรกฎาคม","สิงหาคม","กันยายน","ตุลาคม","พฤศจิกายน","ธันวาคม"],"wgRequestId":"6c24d974-c929-4c18-876c-1f886e89baab","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ทิเบต","wgTitle":"ทิเบต","wgCurRevisionId":12023993,"wgRevisionId":12023993,"wgArticleId":422523,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["หน้าที่ใช้โฟนอส","CS1 แหล่งที่มาภาษาอังกฤษแบบอเมริกัน (en-us)","CS1 แหล่งที่มาภาษาอังกฤษแบบบริติช (en-gb)", "CS1 แหล่งที่มาภาษาอังกฤษ (en)","บทความที่มีคำอธิบายย่อ","หน้าที่มีคำอธิบายย่อแตกต่างกับในวิกิสนเทศ","Coordinates on Wikidata","บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาจีน","บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาอังกฤษ","Pages including recorded pronunciations","บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาทิเบต","บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาจีนตัวย่อ","หน้าที่ใช้กล่องโครงการพี่น้องด้วยการค้นหาเริ่มต้น", "บทความวิกิพีเดียรวมการอ้างอิงจากสารานุกรมบริตานิกา ค.ศ. 1911 โดยมีการอ้างอิงวิกิซอร์ซ","บทความที่มีตัวระบุ ISNI","บทความที่มีตัวระบุ VIAF","บทความที่มีตัวระบุ GND","บทความที่มีตัวระบุ LCCN","บทความที่มีตัวระบุ NKC","บทความที่มีตัวระบุ NSK","บทความทั้งหมดที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์","Pages with login required references or sources","ทิเบต","เอเชียกลาง","เอเชียตะวันออก","อดีตประเทศในเอเชียตะวันออก","ภูมิภาคของประเทศจีน", "จีนตะวันตก","รัฐพุทธ","อดีตประเทศที่เป็นกลาง","บทความเกี่ยวกับ ภูมิศาสตร์ ที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"th","wgPageContentLanguage":"th","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ทิเบต","wgRelevantArticleId":422523,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"th","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"th"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":31,"lon":89},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish" :true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q17252","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript": "ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.phonos.init","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=th&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=th&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=th&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=th&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Tibet-claims.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="847"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Tibet-claims.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="565"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="452"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ทิเบต - วิกิพีเดีย"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//th.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="แก้ไข" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="วิกิพีเดีย (th)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//th.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.th"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ฟีดอะตอม วิกิพีเดีย" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ทิเบต rootpage-ทิเบต skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">ข้ามไปเนื้อหา</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="เมนูหลัก" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เมนูหลัก" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เมนูหลัก</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เมนูหลัก</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การนำทาง </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="เยี่ยมชมหน้าหลัก [z]" accesskey="z"><span>หน้าหลัก</span></a></li><li id="n-ask" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1"><span>ถามคำถาม</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ค้นหาข้อมูลเบื้องหลังในเหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน"><span>เหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1" title="โหลดหน้าแบบสุ่ม [x]" accesskey="x"><span>สุ่มบทความ</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ทำความรู้จักวิกิพีเดีย"><span>เกี่ยวกับวิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="วิธีการติดต่อวิกิพีเดีย"><span>ติดต่อเรา</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> มีส่วนร่วม </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D" title="ข้อแนะนำการใช้และแก้ไขวิกิพีเดีย"><span>คำอธิบาย</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99"><span>เริ่มต้นเขียน</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="เกี่ยวกับโครงการ สิ่งที่คุณทำได้ และวิธีการค้นหา"><span>ศาลาประชาคม</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในวิกินี้ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ปรับปรุงล่าสุด</span></a></li><li id="n-discord" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94"><span>ดิสคอร์ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="วิกิพีเดีย" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-th.svg" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 1.6875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="สารานุกรมเสรี" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-th.svg" width="100" height="18" style="width: 6.25em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ค้นหา</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle อ้างอิง subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ข้อมูล" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ข้อมูล"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>ข้อมูล</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ข้อมูล-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ่านเพิ่ม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ่านเพิ่ม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>อ่านเพิ่ม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ่านเพิ่ม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="สารบัญ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ทิเบต</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 143 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-143" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">143 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – เยอรมันสวิส" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมันสวิส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B2%E1%89%A4%E1%89%B5" title="ቲቤት – อัมฮารา" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቲቤት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="อัมฮารา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – อารากอน" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="อารากอน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – อังกฤษโบราณ" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษโบราณ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="التبت – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التبت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="تيبيت – อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تيبيت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADbet" title="Tíbet – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tíbet" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4" title="तिब्बत – อวธี" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तिब्बत" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="อวธี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tib%C3%A9t" title="Tibét – บาหลี" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tibét" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="บาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%97bets" title="Tėbets – ซาโมจิเตียน" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tėbets" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="ซาโมจิเตียน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тыбет – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тыбет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Тыбэт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тыбэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тибет – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тибет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4" title="तिब्बत – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तिब्बत" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4" title="তিব্বত – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তিব্বত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="བོད་ཡུལ། – ทิเบต" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བོད་ཡུལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ทิเบต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%B4" title="Түбэд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Түбэд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2ung-k%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Câung-kṳ̆ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Câung-kṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тибет – เชเชน" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Тибет" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="เชเชน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="تبت – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تبت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тибет – ชูวัช" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тибет" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ชูวัช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคุณภาพ"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91" title="བོད – ซองคา" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བོད" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="ซองคา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%84" title="Θιβέτ – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θιβέτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeto_(regiono)" title="Tibeto (regiono) – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tibeto (regiono)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADbet" title="Tíbet – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tíbet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiibet" title="Tiibet – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tiibet" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="تبت – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تبت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความแนะนำ"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiibet" title="Tiibet – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tiibet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiibet" title="Tiibet – โวโร" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tiibet" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="โวโร" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – แฟโร" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="แฟโร" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiibet" title="Tiibet – ฟริเซียนเหนือ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tiibet" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ฟริเซียนเหนือ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tib%C3%A9id" title="An Tibéid – ไอริช" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tibéid" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ไอริช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – เกลิกสกอต" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="เกลิกสกอต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADbet" title="Tíbet – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tíbet" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – กอรอนทาโล" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="กอรอนทาโล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F" title="તિબેટ – คุชราต" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તિબેટ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="คุชราต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipeka" title="Kipeka – ฮาวาย" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kipeka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="ฮาวาย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%98" title="טיבט – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיבט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4" title="तिब्बत – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तिब्बत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – ฮินดีฟิจิ" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="ฮินดีฟิจิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – เฮติครีโอล" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="เฮติครีโอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%A9" title="Տիբեթ – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տիբեթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – อินเตอร์ลิงกิว" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="อินเตอร์ลิงกิว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – อีโลโก" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="อีโลโก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – อีโด" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="อีโด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="チベット – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チベット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tibet" title="tibet – โลชบัน" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tibet" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="โลชบัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – ชวา" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ტიბეტი – จอร์เจีย" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტიბეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="จอร์เจีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – การา-กาลพาก" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="การา-กาลพาก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tib%C9%9Btii" title="Tibɛtii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tibɛtii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тибет – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тибет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81" title="ទីបេ – เขมร" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទីបេ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="เขมร" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಟಿಬೆಟ್ – กันนาดา" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟಿಬೆಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="กันนาดา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8" title="티베트 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티베트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%90%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="تِبت – แคชเมียร์" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تِبت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="แคชเมียร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AEbet" title="Tîbet – เคิร์ด" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tîbet" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тибет – คีร์กีซ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тибет" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="คีร์กีซ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetum" title="Tibetum – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tibetum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – ลิงกัวฟรังกาโนวา" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="ลิงกัวฟรังกาโนวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – ลิกูเรีย" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ลิกูเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetas" title="Tibetas – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tibetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeta" title="Tibeta – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tibeta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4" title="तिब्बत – ไมถิลี" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="तिब्बत" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="ไมถิลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – มาลากาซี" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="มาลากาซี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тибет – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тибет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="തിബെത്ത് – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തിബെത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2%D3%A9%D0%B4" title="Төвөд – มองโกเลีย" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төвөд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="มองโกเลีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="तिबेट – มราฐี" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तिबेट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="มราฐี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="တိဗက် – พม่า" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တိဗက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="พม่า" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="تبت – มาซันดารานี" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تبت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="มาซันดารานี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4" title="तिब्बत – เนปาล" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तिब्बत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="เนปาล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_(gebied)" title="Tibet (gebied) – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tibet (gebied)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – อ็อกซิตัน" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="อ็อกซิตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тибет – ออสเซเตีย" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тибет" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ออสเซเตีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A4" title="ਤਿੱਬਤ – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਿੱਬਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – ปัมปังกา" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="ปัมปังกา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tybet_(region)" title="Tybet (region) – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tybet (region)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ACbet" title="Tìbet – พีดมอนต์" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tìbet" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="พีดมอนต์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="تبت – พัชโต" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تبت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="พัชโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibete" title="Tibete – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tibete" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – เคชวา" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="เคชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – โรแมนซ์" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="โรแมนซ์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тибет – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тибет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тібет – รูซิน" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Тібет" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="รูซิน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeti" title="Tibeti – รวันดา" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Tibeti" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="รวันดา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Тибиэт – ซาคา" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тибиэт" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ซาคา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B" title="ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ – สันตาลี" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="สันตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – ซาร์เดญา" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ซาร์เดญา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – ซิซิลี" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ซิซิลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="تبت – สินธิ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تبت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="สินธิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – ซามิเหนือ" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ซามิเหนือ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A" title="ටිබෙට් – สิงหล" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ටිබෙට්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="สิงหล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_(historick%C3%A9_%C3%BAzemie)" title="Tibet (historické územie) – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tibet (historické územie)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – โซมาลี" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="โซมาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Тибет (регион) – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тибет (регион)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – สวาฮีลี" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="สวาฮีลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="திபெத்து – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திபெத்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="టిబెట్ – เตลูกู" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టిబెట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="เตลูกู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – ตากาล็อก" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ตากาล็อก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – ทาลิช" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="ทาลิช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тибет – ตาตาร์" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тибет" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ตาตาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2%D2%AF%D1%82" title="Төвүт – ตูวา" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Төвүт" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="ตูวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тибет – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тибет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="تبت – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تبت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2y_T%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Tây Tạng – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tây Tạng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – วาเรย์" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="วาเรย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="藏区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%B4" title="Төвд – คัลมืยค์" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Төвд" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="คัลมืยค์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ტიბეტი – เมเกรเลีย" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტიბეტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="เมเกรเลีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet – โยรูบา" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tibet" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="โยรูบา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="藏区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" title="西藏 – จีนคลาสสิก" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="西藏" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="จีนคลาสสิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-ch%C5%8Dng" title="Se-chōng – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Se-chōng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%80" title="藏區 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="藏區" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17252#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" rel="discussion" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=history" title="แก้ไขเก่าของหน้านี้ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//th.wikipedia.org/wiki/วิกิพีเดีย:อัปโหลด" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&oldid=12023993" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&id=12023993&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%2595"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%2595"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17252" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="พิกัดภูมิศาสตร์">พิกัด</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11440494">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&params=31_N_89_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="แผนที่ ภาพถ่ายทางอากาศ และข้อมูลอื่นเกี่ยวกับสถานที่นี้"><span class="latitude">31°N</span> <span class="longitude">89°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="แผนที่ ภาพถ่ายทางอากาศ และข้อมูลอื่นเกี่ยวกับสถานที่นี้">31°N 89°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31; 89</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">ภูมิภาคที่ราบสูงในทวีปเอเชีย</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9751016">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">บทความนี้เกี่ยวกับแนวคิดทางชาติพันธุ์-วัฒนธรรมของทิเบต สำหรับเขตบริหารในปัจจุบัน ดูที่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="เขตปกครองตนเองทิเบต">เขตปกครองตนเองทิเบต</a> สำหรับการใช้งานแบบอื่น ดูที่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95_(%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1)" class="mw-disambig" title="ทิเบต (แก้ความกำกวม)">ทิเบต (แก้ความกำกวม)</a></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11440494">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&params=31_N_89_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="แผนที่ ภาพถ่ายทางอากาศ และข้อมูลอื่นเกี่ยวกับสถานที่นี้"><span class="latitude">31°N</span> <span class="longitude">89°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="แผนที่ ภาพถ่ายทางอากาศ และข้อมูลอื่นเกี่ยวกับสถานที่นี้">31°N 89°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31; 89</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="clear:right; width:360px; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:85%; background:#eee;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="height:3px;" colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Tibet-claims.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ดินแดนอ้างสิทธิทางวัฒนธรรม/ประวัติศาสตร์ (ตัวเน้น) หลายแบบ"><img alt="ดินแดนอ้างสิทธิทางวัฒนธรรม/ประวัติศาสตร์ (ตัวเน้น) หลายแบบ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tibet-claims.jpg/360px-Tibet-claims.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Tibet-claims.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="305" /></a></span><br /> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="height:3px;" colspan="22"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left;"> <td style="width:3px;;" rowspan="6"> </td> <td style="height:15px; width:10px; background:#ff4040;">  </td> <td style="width:10px; background:#ff9f40;">  </td> <td style="width:10px; background:#ffff40;">  </td> <td style="width:10px;">  </td> <td style="width:10px;">  </td> <td style="width:10px;">  </td> <td style="width:10px;">  </td> <td>เกรตเตอร์ทิเบตของกลุ่มพลัดถิ่นทิเบต </td> <td style="width:3px;;" rowspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:10px; height:15px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px; background:#ff9f40;"> </td> <td style="width:10px; background:#ffff40;"> </td> <td style="width:10px; background:lightgreen;"> </td> <td style="width:10px; background:#40ffff;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;">  </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เขตปกครองตนเองของประเทศจีน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">พื้นที่ปกครองตนเองทิเบต</a>ที่กำหนดโดยประเทศจีน</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:10px; height:15px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px; background:#ffff40;"> </td> <td style="width:10px; background:lightgreen;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;">  </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="เขตปกครองตนเองทิเบต">เขตปกครองตนเองทิเบต</a>ในประเทศจีน </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:10px; height:15px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px; background:lightgreen;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td><small>ควบคุมโดยจีน <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศอินเดีย">ประเทศอินเดีย</a>อ้างสิทธิในฐานะส่วนหนึ่งของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="ลาดัก">ลาดัก</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:10px; height:15px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px; background:#40ffff;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td><small>ควบคุมโดยอินเดีย จีนอ้างสิทธิบางส่วนเป็น<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ทิเบตใต้ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ทิเบตใต้</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:10px; height:15px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td style="width:10px; background:#4040ff;"> </td> <td style="width:10px;"> </td> <td><small>พื้นที่อื่นทางประวัติศาสตร์ที่อยู่ในเขตวัฒนธรรมทิเบต</small> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de;">ทิเบต</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Tibet-bo-zh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tibet-bo-zh.svg/90px-Tibet-bo-zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tibet-bo-zh.svg/135px-Tibet-bo-zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tibet-bo-zh.svg/180px-Tibet-bo-zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="784" /></a></span><div>"ทิเบต" ในอักษรทิเบต (บน) และอักษรจีน (ล่าง)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;">ชื่อภาษาจีน</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาจีน">ภาษาจีน</a></th><td><span style="font-size: 1rem"><span title="ข้อความภาษาจีน"><span lang="zh-Hani">西藏</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;">ความหมายตามตัวอักษร</th><td>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9C-Tsang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ü-Tsang (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">จ้าง</a>"ตะวันตก</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc;">การถอดเสียง</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาจีนมาตรฐาน">ภาษาจีนกลางมาตรฐาน</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%BA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ฮั่นยฺหวี่พินอิน">ฮั่นยฺหวี่พินอิน</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Xīzàng</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="จู้อิน">จู้อิน</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">ㄒㄧㄘㄤˊ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94-%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เวด-ไจลส์">เวด-ไจลส์</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Hsi<sup>1</sup>-tsang<sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="สัทอักษรสากล">IPA</a></th><td style="text-align: left;"><span class="IPA" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="สัทอักษรสากล">[ɕí.tsâŋ]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ภาษาฮากกา">ภาษาฮากกา</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99#ภาษาฮากกา" title="กว่างตงพินอินฟางอ้าน">อักษรโรมัน</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Sî-tshông</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษากวางตุ้งมาตรฐาน">ภาษากวางตุ้งมาตรฐาน</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" class="extiw" title="en:Yale romanization of Cantonese">อักษรโรมันแบบเยล</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Sāi-johng</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="สัทอักษรสากล">IPA</a></th><td style="text-align: left;"><span class="IPA" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="สัทอักษรสากล">[sɐ́i.tsɔ̀ːŋ]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%BA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="ยฺหวิดเพ็ง">ยฺหวิดเพ็ง</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Sai<sup>1</sup>-zong<sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="ภาษาหมิ่นใต้">ภาษาหมิ่นใต้</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เป่อ่วยยี (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เป่อ่วยยี</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ภาษาฮกเกี้ยน">ภาษาฮกเกี้ยน</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Se-chōng</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="เพ็งอิม">เพ็งอิม</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7" title="ภาษาแต้จิ๋ว">ภาษาแต้จิ๋ว</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Sai-tsăng</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษาหมิ่นตะวันออก">ภาษาหมิ่นตะวันออก</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="ปั่งงั่วเจ๋ย์">ปั่งงั่วเจ๋ย์</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ภาษาฮกจิว (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ภาษาฮกจิว</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Să̤-câung</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Chinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Chinese (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ภาษาจีนยุคกลาง</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Chinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Chinese (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ภาษาจีนยุคกลาง</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Sei-dzang</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;">ชื่อภาษาทิเบต</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="อักษรทิเบต">อักษรทิเบต</a></th><td><span lang="bo" style="font-family: 'Qomolangma-Dunhuang', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Suring', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung', 'Qomolangma-Title', 'Qomolangma-Subtitle', 'Qomolangma-Woodblock', 'DDC Uchen', 'DDC Rinzin', Kailash, Jomolhari, 'TCRC Youtso Unicode', 'Tibetan Machine Uni', Wangdi29, 'Noto Sans Tibetan', 'Microsoft Himalaya'; font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:top; word-wrap: break-word;"> <span style="font-family: 'Qomolangma-Dunhuang', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Suring', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung', 'Qomolangma-Title', 'Qomolangma-Subtitle', 'Qomolangma-Woodblock', 'DDC Uchen', 'DDC Rinzin', Kailash, Jomolhari, 'TCRC Youtso Unicode', 'Tibetan Machine Uni', Wangdi29, 'Noto Sans Tibetan', 'Microsoft Himalaya'; font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:top; word-wrap: break-word;">བོད་</span> </span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc;">การถอดเสียง</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" class="mw-redirect" title="Wylie transliteration">ระบบไวลี</a></th><td style="text-align:left;">Bod</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan pinyin">พินอินทิเบต</a></th><td style="text-align:left;">Poi</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10827797">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right noprint selfref" style="width: 22em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12102239">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Standard_Tibetan_name.svg/40px-Standard_Tibetan_name.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Standard_Tibetan_name.svg/60px-Standard_Tibetan_name.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Standard_Tibetan_name.svg/80px-Standard_Tibetan_name.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="49" data-file-height="31" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist" style="vertical-align:middle; font-size:95%;"><b>บทความนี้มี<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="อักษรทิเบต">อักษรทิเบต</a></b> หากไม่มีการสนับสนุนเรนเดอร์ที่เหมาะสม คุณอาจเห็นเครื่องหมายคำถาม กล่องหรือสัญลักษณ์อื่น</div></div> </div> <p><b>ทิเบต</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">Tibet</span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="สัทอักษรสากล">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' ใน 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' ใน 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: มีพยางค์เน้นหนักสุดตามหลัง">ˈ</span><span title="'b' ใน 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' ใน 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'t' ใน 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint" style="text-indent: 0;"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d2\/En-us-Tibet.ogg\/En-us-Tibet.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"th","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Tibet.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/En-us-Tibet.ogg/En-us-Tibet.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:En-us-Tibet.ogg" title="ไฟล์:En-us-Tibet.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="อักษรทิเบต">ทิเบต</a>: <span lang="bo" style="font-family: 'Qomolangma-Dunhuang', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Suring', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung', 'Qomolangma-Title', 'Qomolangma-Subtitle', 'Qomolangma-Woodblock', 'DDC Uchen', 'DDC Rinzin', Kailash, Jomolhari, 'TCRC Youtso Unicode', 'Tibetan Machine Uni', Wangdi29, 'Noto Sans Tibetan', 'Microsoft Himalaya'; font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:top; word-wrap: break-word;">བོད་</span>, <a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" class="mw-redirect" title="Wylie transliteration">ไวลี</a>: <i>Bod</i>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="พินอินทิเบต">พินอินทิเบต</a>: <i>pö</i>, <a href="/wiki/IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA">IPA</a>: /pʰøː˨˧˩/, เพอ; <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="อักษรจีนตัวย่อ">จีน</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">西藏</span>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="พินอิน">พินอิน</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">Xīzàng</span></i>, ซีจ้าง) เป็นภูมิภาคใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="เอเชียตะวันออก">เอเชียตะวันออก</a>ที่ครอบคลุมพื้นที่ส่วนมากของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="ที่ราบสูงทิเบต">ที่ราบสูงทิเบต</a> ซึ่งกินพื้นที่ประมาณ 2,500,000 ตารางกิโลเมตร (970,000 ตารางไมล์) บริเวณนี้เป็นบ้านเกิดของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="ชาวทิเบต">ชาวทิเบต</a>และกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์อื่น ๆ เช่น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="เหมินปา">ชาวเหมินปา</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ถ่าหมาง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชาวถ่าหมาง</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="เชียง">ชาวเชียง</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2" title="ชาวเศรปา">ชาวเศรปา</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ลั่วปา">ชาวลั่วปา</a> ในปัจจุบันมี<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ชาวฮั่น">ชาวฮั่น</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="ชาวหุย">ชาวหุย</a>อาศัยอยู่ในบริเวณจำนวนมากเช่นกัน ทิเบตเป็นภูมิภาคที่สูงที่สุดในโลก โดยมีระดับความสูงเฉลี่ย 4,380 เมตร (14,000 ฟุต)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="ยอดเขาเอเวอเรสต์">ยอดเขาเอเวอเรสต์</a> ซึ่งเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2" title="เทือกเขาหิมาลัย">เทือกเขาหิมาลัย</a> เป็นภูเขาที่สูงที่สุดในโลก โดยอยู่เหนือระดับน้ำทะเล 8,848.86 เมตร (29,032 ฟุต)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="จักรวรรดิทิเบต">จักรวรรดิทิเบต</a>ถูกก่อตั้งขึ้นในคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 7 โดยอยู่ในช่วงสูงสุดในคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 9 ซึ่งกินพื้นที่ไปไกลกว่าที่ราบสูงทิเบต ตั้งแต่<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แอ่งตาริม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แอ่งตาริม</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เทือกเขาปามีร์">เทือกเขาปามีร์</a>ทางตะวันตกจนถึง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="มณฑลยูนนาน">มณฑลยูนนาน</a>และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เบงกอล (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เบงกอล</a>ทางตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ แต่เมื่อถึงระยะเริ่มต้นของการแตกสลาย จักรวรรดินี้ถูกแบ่งออกเป็นหลายดินแดน โดยทิเบตฝั่งตะวันตกและกลางเรียกว่า<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="อวีจัง">อวีจัง</a> ถูกรวมอยู่ภายใต้รัฐบาลทิเบตใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="ลาซ่า">ลาซ่า</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88" title="ซีกาเจ">ซีกาเจ</a> และพื้นที่ใกล้เคียง ส่วนภูมิภาค<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="คัม">คัม</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95" title="อัมโต">อัมโต</a>อยู่ทางฝั่งตะวันออกมีการกระจายอำนาจทางการเมืองของชนเผ่ามากขึ้น โดยแบ่งออกเป็นอาณาเขตเล็ก ๆ และกลุ่มชนเผ่าจำนวนหนึ่ง ซึ่งอยู่ภายใต้อำนาจของจีน พื้นที่ส่วนใหญ่ในบริเวณนี้ถูกผนวกเข้ากับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99" title="มณฑลเสฉวน">มณฑลเสฉวน</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88" title="มณฑลชิงไห่">มณฑลชิงไห่</a>ของจีน ชายแดนปัจจุบันของทิเบตถูกกำหนดขึ้นในคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 18<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>หลัง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%88" title="การปฏิวัติซินไฮ่">การปฏิวัติซินไฮ่</a>ต่อ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="ราชวงศ์ชิง">ราชวงศ์ชิง</a>ใน ค.ศ. 1912 กองทัพราชวงศ์ชิงถูกสั่งให้ปลดอาวุธและคุ้มกันไม่ให้เข้าไปใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="เขตปกครองตนเองทิเบต">พื้นที่ทิเบต</a> ต่อมาภูมิภาคนี้ได้ประกาศเอกราชใน ค.ศ. 1913 แต่รัฐบาลสาธารณรัฐจีนไม่ได้ให้การยอมรับ<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ภายหลังลาซ่าควบคุมส่วนตะวันตกของ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ซีคาง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซีคาง</a>ไว้ ภูมิภาคนี้ยังคงสถานะปกครองตนเองจนถึง ค.ศ. 1951 หลังยุทธการที่ชัมโต ทิเบตถูกยึดครองและ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การผนวกทิเบตของประเทศจีน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ผนวกเข้ากับประเทศจีน</a> และรัฐบาลทิเบตก่อนหน้าถูกยุบเลิกใน ค.ศ. 1959 หลัง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2502" title="การก่อการกำเริบในทิเบต พ.ศ. 2502">การก่อกำเริบล้มเหลว</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ปัจจุบัน ประเทศจีนบริหารทิเบตตอนกลางและตะวันตกในฐานะ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="เขตปกครองตนเองทิเบต">เขตปกครองตนเองทิเบต</a> ส่วนฝั่งตะวันออกส่วนใหญ่เป็น<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เขตปกครองตนเองของชนกลุ่มน้อยของจีน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เขตปกครองตนเองของชนกลุ่มน้อย</a>ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99" title="มณฑลเสฉวน">มณฑลเสฉวน</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88" title="มณฑลชิงไห่">มณฑลชิงไห่</a> และมณฑลใกล้เคียง พื้นที่นี้มี<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ขบวนการทิเบตเอกราชนานาชาติ">ความตึงเครียดเกี่ยวกับสถานะทางการเมืองของทิเบต</a><sup id="cite_ref-lee_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lee-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> และกลุ่มผู้คัดค้านที่ยังคงพลัดถิ่น<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> มีรายงานว่าผู้ประท้วงชาวทิเบตในทิเบตถูกจับกุมหรือทรมาน<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>เศรษฐกิจหลักในทิเบตคือ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เกษตรแบบยังชีพ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เกษตรแบบยังชีพ</a> ถึงแม้ว่า<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="การท่องเที่ยว">การท่องเที่ยว</a>เริ่มกลายเป็นอุตสาหกรรมที่เติบโตขึ้นในช่วงทศวรรษที่ผ่านมา ศาสนาหลักในทิเบตคือ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="ศาสนาพุทธแบบทิเบต">ศาสนาพุทธแบบทิเบต</a> ส่วนศาสนาอื่น ๆ ได้แก่<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ศาสนาบอน">ศาสนาบอน</a> ศาสนาพื้นเมืองที่คล้ายกับศาสนาพุทธแบบทิเบต<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ชนกลุ่มน้อยที่นับถือ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="มุสลิมชาวทิเบต (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ศาสนาอิสลาม</a> และคริสต์ ศาสนาพุทธแบบทิเบตสร้างอิทธิพลหลักใน<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ศิลปะทิเบต (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ศิลปะ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ดนตรีทิเบต (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ดนตรี</a> และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เทศกาลทิเบต (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เทศกาล</a>ในภูมิภาค สถาปัตยกรรมทิเบตสะท้อนให้เห็นอิทธิพลของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="สถาปัตยกรรมจีน">จีน</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="สถาปัตยกรรมอินเดีย">อินเดีย</a> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12126193">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.princeton.edu/news/2013/07/01/altitude-sickness-may-hinder-ethnic-integration-worlds-highest-places#">"Altitude sickness may hinder ethnic integration in the world's highest places"</a>. Princeton University. 1 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Altitude+sickness+may+hinder+ethnic+integration+in+the+world%27s+highest+places&rft.pub=Princeton+University&rft.date=2013-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2Fnews%2F2013%2F07%2F01%2Faltitude-sickness-may-hinder-ethnic-integration-worlds-highest-places%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWittke2010" class="citation web cs1">Wittke, J.H. (24 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oak.ucc.nau.edu/wittke/Tibet/Plateau.html">"Geology of the Tibetan Plateau"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523070800/http://oak.ucc.nau.edu/wittke/Tibet/Plateau.html">เก็บ</a>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ May 23, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geology+of+the+Tibetan+Plateau&rft.date=2010-02-24&rft.aulast=Wittke&rft.aufirst=J.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foak.ucc.nau.edu%2Fwittke%2FTibet%2FPlateau.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFUS_Department_of_Commerce" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/highestpoint.html#:~:text=Mount%20Everest,%20located%20in%20Nepal,But%20the%20summit%20of%20Mt.">"What is the highest point on Earth as measured from Earth's center?"</a>. <i>oceanservice.noaa.gov</i> (ภาษาอังกฤษแบบอเมริกัน)<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2021-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oceanservice.noaa.gov&rft.atitle=What+is+the+highest+point+on+Earth+as+measured+from+Earth%27s+center%3F&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Commerce&rft.aufirst=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foceanservice.noaa.gov%2Ffacts%2Fhighestpoint.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DMount%2520Everest%2C%2520located%2520in%2520Nepal%2CBut%2520the%2520summit%2520of%2520Mt.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldstein, Melvyn, C.,<i> Change, Conflict and Continuity among a Community of Nomadic Pastoralist: A Case Study from Western Tibet, 1950–1990</i>, 1994: "What is Tibet? – Fact and Fancy", pp. 76–87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clark, Gregory, "<i>In fear of China</i>", 1969, saying: ' <i>Tibet, although enjoying independence at certain periods of its history, had never been recognized by any single foreign power as an independent state. The closest it has ever come to such recognition was the British formula of 1943: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzerainty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzerainty (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">suzerainty</a>, combined with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autonomy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">autonomy</a> and the right to enter into diplomatic relations.</i> '</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-14533879">"Q&A: China and the Tibetans"</a>. <i>BBC News</i> (ภาษาอังกฤษแบบบริติช). สิงหาคม 15, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180716034707/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-14533879">เก็บ</a>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ กรกฎาคม 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ พฤษภาคม 17, 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+China+and+the+Tibetans&rft.date=2011-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-pacific-14533879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lee-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-lee_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFLee2011" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Peter (พฤษภาคม 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/tibetanpoliticalreview/articles/tibetsonlyhopelieswithin">"Tibet's only hope lies within"</a>. The Asia Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111228180221/http://sites.google.com/site/tibetanpoliticalreview/articles/tibetsonlyhopelieswithin">เก็บ</a>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ ธันวาคม 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ พฤษภาคม 10, 2011</span>. <q>Robin [alias of a young Tibetan in Qinghai] described the region as a cauldron of tension. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibetan people (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Tibetans</a> still were infuriated by numerous arrests in the wake of the 2008 protests. But local Tibetans had not organized themselves. 'They are very angry at the Chinese government and the Chinese people,' Robin said. 'But they have no idea what to do. There is no leader. When a leader appears and somebody helps out they will all join.' We ... heard tale after tale of civil disobedience in outlying <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamlet_(place)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamlet (place) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">hamlets</a>. In one village, Tibetans burned their Chinese flags and hoisted the banned Tibetan Snow Lion flag instead. Authorities ... detained nine villagers ... One nomad ... said 'After I die ... my sons and grandsons will remember. They will hate the government.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tibet%27s+only+hope+lies+within&rft.pub=The+Asia+Times&rft.date=2011-05-07&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Ftibetanpoliticalreview%2Farticles%2Ftibetsonlyhopelieswithin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/4152353.stm">"Regions and territories: Tibet"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. ธันวาคม 11, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110422064415/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/4152353.stm">เก็บ</a>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ เมษายน 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ เมษายน 22, 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Regions+and+territories%3A+Tibet&rft.date=2010-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2Fcountry_profiles%2F4152353.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWong2009" class="citation news cs1">Wong, Edward (กุมภาพันธ์ 18, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/19/world/asia/19tibet.html">"China Adds to Security Forces in Tibet Amid Calls for a Boycott"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170616034115/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/19/world/asia/19tibet.html">เก็บ</a>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ มิถุนายน 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ พฤษภาคม 17, 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=China+Adds+to+Security+Forces+in+Tibet+Amid+Calls+for+a+Boycott&rft.date=2009-02-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F02%2F19%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F19tibet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170509140454/http://www.religionfacts.com/bon">"Bon"</a>. <i>ReligionFacts</i> (ภาษาอังกฤษ). คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religionfacts.com/bon">แหล่งเดิม</a>เมื่อ พฤษภาคม 9, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ พฤษภาคม 17, 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ReligionFacts&rft.atitle=Bon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religionfacts.com%2Fbon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ข้อมูล"><span id=".E0.B8.82.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.A5"></span>ข้อมูล</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ข้อมูล"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8938631">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_I._Beckwith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher I. Beckwith (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Beckwith, Christopher I</a>. <i>The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs, and Chinese during the Early Middle Ages'</i> (1987) Princeton University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-691-02469-3" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-691-02469-3">0-691-02469-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melvyn_Goldstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melvyn Goldstein (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Goldstein, Melvyn C</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernt00melv">A History of Modern Tibet, 1913–1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State</a></i> (1989) University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-520-06140-8" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-520-06140-8">978-0-520-06140-8</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555">(<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89#การเข้าถึงแหล่งข้อมูล" title="วิกิพีเดีย:การพิสูจน์ยืนยันได้">ต้องลงทะเบียน</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melvyn_Goldstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melvyn Goldstein (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Goldstein, Melvyn C</a>. <i>A History of Modern Tibet, 1913–1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State</i> (1989), first Indian edition (1993) Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/81-215-0582-8" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/81-215-0582-8">81-215-0582-8</a> Pagination is identical to University of California edition.</li> <li>Goldstein, Melvyn C. <i>The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tibet, and the Dalai Lama</i> (1997) University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-520-21951-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-520-21951-1">0-520-21951-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._Tom_Grunfeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. Tom Grunfeld (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Grunfeld, Tom</a> (1996). <i>The Making of Modern Tibet.</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/1-56324-713-5" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/1-56324-713-5">1-56324-713-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hopkirk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Hopkirk (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Hopkirk, Peter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trespassersonroo0000hopk"><i>Trespassers on the Roof of the World: The Secret Exploration of Tibet</i></a> (1983) J. P. Tarcher. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-87477-257-5" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-87477-257-5">0-87477-257-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Kapstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew Kapstein (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Kapstein, Matthew T</a>. <i>The Tibetans</i> (2006) Blackwell Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-631-22574-4" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-631-22574-4">978-0-631-22574-4</a></li> <li>Laird, Thomas. <i>The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama</i> (2006) Grove Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-8021-1827-5" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-8021-1827-5">0-8021-1827-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_H._Mullin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenn H. Mullin (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Mullin, Glenn H</a>.<i>The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnations</i> (2001) Clear Light Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/1-57416-092-3" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/1-57416-092-3">1-57416-092-3</a></li> <li>Powers, John. <i>History as Propaganda: Tibetan Exiles versus the People's Republic of China</i> (2004) Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-517426-7" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-517426-7">978-0-19-517426-7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Edward_Richardson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Edward Richardson (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Richardson, Hugh E</a>. <i>Tibet and its History</i> Second Edition, Revised and Updated (1984) Shambhala. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-87773-376-7" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-87773-376-7">0-87773-376-7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsering_Shakya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsering Shakya (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Shakya, Tsering</a>. <i>The Dragon In The Land Of Snows</i> (1999) Columbia University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-231-11814-7" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-231-11814-7">0-231-11814-7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolf_Stein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolf Stein (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Stein, R</a>. <i>Tibetan Civilization</i> (1972) Stanford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-8047-0901-7" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-8047-0901-7">0-8047-0901-7</a></li> <li>Teltscher, Kate. <i>The High Road to China: George Bogle, the Panchen Lama and the First British Expedition to Tibet</i> (2006) Bloomsbury UK. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-7475-8484-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-7475-8484-2">0-7475-8484-2</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ่านเพิ่ม"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.B4.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A1"></span>อ่านเพิ่ม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ่านเพิ่ม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8938631"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Allen_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Allen (writer) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Allen, Charles</a> (2004). <i>Duel in the Snows: The True Story of the Younghusband Mission to Lhasa.</i> London: John Murray. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-7195-5427-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-7195-5427-6">0-7195-5427-6</a>.</li> <li>Bell, Charles (1924). <i>Tibet: Past & Present.</i> Oxford: Clarendon Press.</li> <li>Dowman, Keith (1988). <i>The Power-Places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide.</i> Routledge & Kegan Paul. London, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-7102-1370-0" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-7102-1370-0">0-7102-1370-0</a>. New York, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-14-019118-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-14-019118-6">0-14-019118-6</a>.</li> <li>Feigon, Lee. (1998). <i>Demystifying Tibet: unlocking the secrets of the land of the snows.</i> Chicago: Ivan R. Dee. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/1-56663-196-3" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/1-56663-196-3">1-56663-196-3</a>. 1996 hardback, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/1-56663-089-4" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/1-56663-089-4">1-56663-089-4</a></li> <li>Gyatso, Palden (1997). <i>The Autobiography of a Tibetan Monk.</i> Grove Press. NY, NY. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-8021-3574-9" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-8021-3574-9">0-8021-3574-9</a></li> <li>Human Rights in China: <i>China, Minority Exclusion, Marginalization and Rising Tensions</i>, London, Minority Rights Group International, 2007</li> <li>Le Sueur, Alec (2013). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hotel_on_the_Roof_of_the_World&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Hotel on the Roof of the World (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">The Hotel on the Roof of the World</a> – Five Years in Tibet.</i> Chichester: Summersdale. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-84024-199-0" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-84024-199-0">978-1-84024-199-0</a>. Oakland: RDR Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-57143-101-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-57143-101-1">978-1-57143-101-1</a></li> <li>McKay, Alex (1997). <i>Tibet and the British Raj: The Frontier Cadre 1904–1947.</i> London: Curzon. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-7007-0627-5" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-7007-0627-5">0-7007-0627-5</a>.</li> <li>Norbu, Thubten Jigme; Turnbull, Colin (1968). <i>Tibet: Its History, Religion and People.</i> Reprint: Penguin Books (1987).</li> <li>Pachen, Ani; Donnely, Adelaide (2000). <i>Sorrow Mountain: The Journey of a Tibetan Warrior Nun.</i> Kodansha America, Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/1-56836-294-3" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/1-56836-294-3">1-56836-294-3</a>.</li> <li>Petech, Luciano (1997). <i>China and Tibet in the Early XVIIIth Century: History of the Establishment of Chinese Protectorate in Tibet.</i> T'oung Pao Monographies, Brill Academic Publishers, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/90-04-03442-0" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/90-04-03442-0">90-04-03442-0</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFRabgeySharlho2004" class="citation book cs1">Rabgey, Tashi; Sharlho, Tseten Wangchuk (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070716184654/http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/PS012.pdf"><i>Sino-Tibetan Dialogue in the Post-Mao Era: Lessons and Prospectsv</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington: East-West Center. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-932728-22-4" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-932728-22-4"><bdi>978-1-932728-22-4</bdi></a>. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/PS012.pdf">แหล่งเดิม</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>เมื่อ July 16, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sino-Tibetan+Dialogue+in+the+Post-Mao+Era%3A+Lessons+and+Prospectsv&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=East-West+Center&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-932728-22-4&rft.aulast=Rabgey&rft.aufirst=Tashi&rft.au=Sharlho%2C+Tseten+Wangchuk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastwestcenter.org%2Ffileadmin%2Fstored%2Fpdfs%2FPS012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Samuel, Geoffrey (1993). <i>Civilized Shamans: Buddhism in Tibetan Societies.</i> Smithsonian <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/1-56098-231-4" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/1-56098-231-4">1-56098-231-4</a>.</li> <li>Schell, Orville (2000). <i>Virtual Tibet: Searching for Shangri-La from the Himalayas to Hollywood.</i> Henry Holt. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-8050-4381-0" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-8050-4381-0">0-8050-4381-0</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1996" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Warren W. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tibetannationhis0000smit"><i>History of Tibet: Nationalism and Self-determination</i></a>. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-8133-3155-3" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-8133-3155-3"><bdi>978-0-8133-3155-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Tibet%3A+Nationalism+and+Self-determination&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-3155-3&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Warren+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftibetannationhis0000smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2004" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Warren W. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080819185425/http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/EWCWwp002.pdf"><i><span></span></i>China's Policy on Tibetan Autonomy<i> – EWC Working Papers No. 2</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington: East-West Center. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/EWCWwp002.pdf">แหล่งเดิม</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>เมื่อ August 19, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Policy+on+Tibetan+Autonomy+%E2%80%93+EWC+Working+Papers+No.+2&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=East-West+Center&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Warren+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastwestcenter.org%2Ffileadmin%2Fstored%2Fpdfs%2FEWCWwp002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Warren W. (2008). <i>bChina's Tibet?: Autonomy or Assimilation</i>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-7425-3989-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-7425-3989-1"><bdi>978-0-7425-3989-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=bChina%27s+Tibet%3F%3A+Autonomy+or+Assimilation&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-3989-1&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Warren+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSperling2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elliot_Sperling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elliot Sperling (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Sperling, Elliot</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080819185422/http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/PS007.pdf"><i>The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Policy Studies</i>. Washington: East-West Center. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-932728-13-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-932728-13-2"><bdi>978-1-932728-13-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1547-1330">1547-1330</a>. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/PS007.pdf">แหล่งเดิม</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>เมื่อ 2008-08-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2022-01-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tibet-China+Conflict%3A+History+and+Polemics&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=East-West+Center&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=1547-1330&rft.isbn=978-1-932728-13-2&rft.aulast=Sperling&rft.aufirst=Elliot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastwestcenter.org%2Ffileadmin%2Fstored%2Fpdfs%2FPS007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span> – (online version)</li> <li>Thurman, Robert (2002). <i>Robert Thurman on Tibet.</i> DVD. ASIN B00005Y722.</li> <li>Van Walt van Praag, Michael C. (1987). <i>The Status of Tibet: History, Rights, and Prospects in International Law.</i> Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.</li> <li>Wilby, Sorrel (1988). <i>Journey Across Tibet: A Young Woman's 1,900-ไมล์ (3,060-กิโลเมตร) Trek Across the Rooftop of the World.</i> Contemporary Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-8092-4608-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-8092-4608-2">0-8092-4608-2</a>.</li> <li>Wilson, Brandon (2004). <i>Yak Butter Blues: A Tibetan Trek of Faith.</i> Pilgrim's Tales. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-9770536-6-0" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-9770536-6-0">0-9770536-6-0</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-9770536-7-9" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-9770536-7-9">0-9770536-7-9</a>. (second edition 2005)</li> <li>Wang Jiawei (2000). <i>The Historical Status of China's Tibet.</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/7-80113-304-8" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/7-80113-304-8">7-80113-304-8</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1081523">Tibet wasn't always ours, says Chinese scholar</a> by Venkatesan Vembu, Daily News & Analysis, February 22, 2007</li> <li>Wylie, Turrell V. "The First Mongol Conquest of Tibet Reinterpreted", <i>Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies</i> (Volume 37, Number 1, June 1977)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFZenz2014" class="citation book cs1">Zenz, Adrian (2014). <i>Tibetanness under Threat? Neo-Integrationism, Minority Education and Career Strategies in Qinghai, P.R. China</i>. Global Oriental. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-90-04-25796-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-90-04-25796-2"><bdi>978-90-04-25796-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tibetanness+under+Threat%3F+Neo-Integrationism%2C+Minority+Education+and+Career+Strategies+in+Qinghai%2C+P.R.+China&rft.pub=Global+Oriental&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-90-04-25796-2&rft.aulast=Zenz&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span id=".E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.82.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B7.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.99"></span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=edit&section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10827797"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10827805">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r12102239"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>ทิเบต</b> ที่<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="วิกิพีเดีย:โครงการพี่น้อง"><span id="sister-projects">โครงการพี่น้อง</span></a>ของวิกิพีเดีย</div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/ทิเบต">หาความหมาย</a>จากวิกิพจนานุกรม</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B" class="extiw" title="c:བོད་">ภาพและสื่อ</a>จากคอมมอนส์</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://th.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/ทิเบต">เนื้อหาข่าว</a>จากวิกิข่าว</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://th.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/ทิเบต">คำคม</a>จากวิกิคำคม</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://th.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/ทิเบต">ข้อมูลต้นฉบับ</a>จากวิกิซอร์ซ</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://th.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/ทิเบต">หนังสือ</a>จากวิกิตำรา</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://th.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tibet" class="extiw" title="voy:Tibet">ข้อมูลการเดินทาง</a>จากวิกิท่องเที่ยว</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/eastasian/Tibetan/links.html">Tibetan Resources on the Web</a> from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia_University_Libraries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Columbia University Libraries (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Columbia University Libraries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101013201011/http://tibet.prm.ox.ac.uk/index.php">British photographs of Tibet 1920–1950</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dharma-haven.org/tibetan/language.htm">The Language of Tibet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.people.com.cn/features/tibetpaper/tibet.html">White Paper on Tibetan Culture</a> released by the Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China June 22</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624075605/http://www4.uwm.edu/libraries/digilib/tibet/">Historical maps and images of Tibet</a> presented by <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Wisconsin-Milwaukee_Libraries_Digital_Collections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries Digital Collections (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries Digital Collections</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thlib.org/">The Tibetan & Himalayan Library (THL)</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="Wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tibet"><a class="external text" href="https://th.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tibet">"Tibet" </a></span>. <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" class="extiw" title="en:Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">สารานุกรมบริตานิกา ค.ศ. 1911</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11 ed.). 1911. pp. 916–928.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tibet&rft.btitle=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2+%E0%B8%84.%E0%B8%A8.+1911&rft.pages=916-928&rft.edition=11&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12093835">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10791470">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="ฐานข้อมูลการควบคุมรายการหลักฐาน_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17252#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="ฐานข้อมูลการควบคุมรายการหลักฐาน_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17252#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="วิธีใช้:การควบคุมรายการหลักฐาน">ฐานข้อมูลการควบคุมรายการหลักฐาน</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17252#identifiers" title="แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ"><img alt="แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">นานาชาติ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000117816290">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/262467023">VIAF</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ประจำชาติ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4060036-1">เยอรมนี</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2011015804">สหรัฐ</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131050&CON_LNG=ENG">เช็กเกีย</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000192952&local_base=nsk10">โครเอเชีย</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9895811">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Emoji_u1f30e.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Emoji_u1f30e.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f30e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Emoji_u1f30e.svg/45px-Emoji_u1f30e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Emoji_u1f30e.svg/60px-Emoji_u1f30e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body"> บทความเกี่ยวกับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ภูมิศาสตร์">ภูมิศาสตร์</a>นี้ยังเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="วิกิพีเดีย:โครง">โครง</a> คุณสามารถช่วยวิกิพีเดียได้โดยการ<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&action=edit">เพิ่มเติมข้อมูล</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r12093835"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12093841">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ดู"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แม่แบบ:โครงภูมิศาสตร์"><abbr title="ดูแม่แบบนี้">ด</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-คุย"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="คุยเรื่องแม่แบบ:โครงภูมิศาสตร์"><abbr title="อภิปรายแม่แบบนี้">ค</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-แก้"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:EditPage/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="พิเศษ:EditPage/แม่แบบ:โครงภูมิศาสตร์"><abbr title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">เข้าถึงจาก "<a dir="ltr" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ทิเบต&oldid=12023993">https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ทิเบต&oldid=12023993</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88" title="พิเศษ:หมวดหมู่">หมวดหมู่</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:Pages_with_login_required_references_or_sources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="หมวดหมู่:Pages with login required references or sources (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Pages with login required references or sources</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="หมวดหมู่:ทิเบต">ทิเบต</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="หมวดหมู่:เอเชียกลาง">เอเชียกลาง</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="หมวดหมู่:เอเชียตะวันออก">เอเชียตะวันออก</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="หมวดหมู่:อดีตประเทศในเอเชียตะวันออก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อดีตประเทศในเอเชียตะวันออก</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="หมวดหมู่:ภูมิภาคของประเทศจีน">ภูมิภาคของประเทศจีน</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="หมวดหมู่:จีนตะวันตก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">จีนตะวันตก</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98" title="หมวดหมู่:รัฐพุทธ">รัฐพุทธ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="หมวดหมู่:อดีตประเทศที่เป็นกลาง">อดีตประเทศที่เป็นกลาง</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A_%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความเกี่ยวกับ ภูมิศาสตร์ ที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์">บทความเกี่ยวกับ ภูมิศาสตร์ ที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">หมวดหมู่ที่ซ่อนอยู่: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA" title="หมวดหมู่:หน้าที่ใช้โฟนอส">หน้าที่ใช้โฟนอส</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:CS1_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_(en-us)" title="หมวดหมู่:CS1 แหล่งที่มาภาษาอังกฤษแบบอเมริกัน (en-us)">CS1 แหล่งที่มาภาษาอังกฤษแบบอเมริกัน (en-us)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:CS1_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A_(en-gb)" title="หมวดหมู่:CS1 แหล่งที่มาภาษาอังกฤษแบบบริติช (en-gb)">CS1 แหล่งที่มาภาษาอังกฤษแบบบริติช (en-gb)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:CS1_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9_(en)" title="หมวดหมู่:CS1 แหล่งที่มาภาษาอังกฤษ (en)">CS1 แหล่งที่มาภาษาอังกฤษ (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีคำอธิบายย่อ">บทความที่มีคำอธิบายย่อ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="หมวดหมู่:หน้าที่มีคำอธิบายย่อแตกต่างกับในวิกิสนเทศ">หน้าที่มีคำอธิบายย่อแตกต่างกับในวิกิสนเทศ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="หมวดหมู่:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาจีน">บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาจีน</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาอังกฤษ">บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาอังกฤษ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="หมวดหมู่:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาทิเบต">บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาทิเบต</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาจีนตัวย่อ">บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาจีนตัวย่อ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="หมวดหมู่:หน้าที่ใช้กล่องโครงการพี่น้องด้วยการค้นหาเริ่มต้น">หน้าที่ใช้กล่องโครงการพี่น้องด้วยการค้นหาเริ่มต้น</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%84.%E0%B8%A8._1911_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความวิกิพีเดียรวมการอ้างอิงจากสารานุกรมบริตานิกา ค.ศ. 1911 โดยมีการอ้างอิงวิกิซอร์ซ">บทความวิกิพีเดียรวมการอ้างอิงจากสารานุกรมบริตานิกา ค.ศ. 1911 โดยมีการอ้างอิงวิกิซอร์ซ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8_ISNI" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีตัวระบุ ISNI">บทความที่มีตัวระบุ ISNI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8_VIAF" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีตัวระบุ VIAF">บทความที่มีตัวระบุ VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8_GND" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีตัวระบุ GND">บทความที่มีตัวระบุ GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8_LCCN" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีตัวระบุ LCCN">บทความที่มีตัวระบุ LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8_NKC" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีตัวระบุ NKC">บทความที่มีตัวระบุ NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8_NSK" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีตัวระบุ NSK">บทความที่มีตัวระบุ NSK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความทั้งหมดที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์">บทความทั้งหมดที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> หน้านี้แก้ไขล่าสุดเมื่อวันที่ 16 ธันวาคม 2567 เวลา 12:17 น.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><div>อนุญาตให้เผยแพร่ภายใต้<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">สัญญาอนุญาตครีเอทีฟคอมมอนส์ แบบแสดงที่มา-อนุญาตแบบเดียวกัน</a> และอาจมีเงื่อนไขเพิ่มเติม ดูรายละเอียดที่ <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/th">ข้อกำหนดการใช้งาน</a><br /> Wikipedia® เป็นเครื่องหมายการค้าจดทะเบียนของ<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">มูลนิธิวิกิมีเดีย</a> องค์กรไม่แสวงผลกำไร</div> <div class="noprint"><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="วิกิพีเดีย:ติดต่อ">ติดต่อเรา</a></div></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">นโยบายความเป็นส่วนตัว</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A">เกี่ยวกับวิกิพีเดีย</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A">ข้อปฏิเสธความรับผิดชอบ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">จรรยาบรรณ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ผู้พัฒนา</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/th.wikipedia.org">สถิติ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">นโยบายการใช้คุกกี้</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//th.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">มุมมองสำหรับอุปกรณ์เคลื่อนที่</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ค้นหา</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">ทิเบต</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>143 ภาษา</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>เพิ่มหัวข้อ</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-d6rvv","wgBackendResponseTime":134,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.714","walltime":"1.184","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11236,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":165225,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14154,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":110983,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1103.141 1 -total"," 39.83% 439.336 7 แม่แบบ:Infobox"," 23.64% 260.745 1 แม่แบบ:Short_description"," 21.15% 233.361 1 แม่แบบ:Pagetype"," 20.22% 223.025 1 แม่แบบ:Infobox_Chinese"," 15.18% 167.486 1 แม่แบบ:Infobox_Chinese/Chinese"," 11.44% 126.182 31 แม่แบบ:ISBN"," 11.28% 124.394 1 แม่แบบ:Lang"," 9.72% 107.272 1 แม่แบบ:Reflist"," 7.23% 79.797 1 แม่แบบ:Authority_control"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.437","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22511522,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-868759585b-8twqw","timestamp":"20250216165253","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0e17\u0e34\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e15","url":"https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17252","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17252","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e34\u0e01\u0e34\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2012-01-21T05:26:17Z","dateModified":"2024-12-16T05:17:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6b\/Tibet-claims.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>