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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pasant_Theatre_from_seats.JPG/310px-Pasant_Theatre_from_seats.JPG" decoding="async" width="310" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pasant_Theatre_from_seats.JPG/465px-Pasant_Theatre_from_seats.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pasant_Theatre_from_seats.JPG/620px-Pasant_Theatre_from_seats.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A thrust stage at the Pasant Theatre at <a href="/wiki/Wharton_Center_for_Performing_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wharton Center for Performing Arts">Wharton Center for Performing Arts</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a>, a <b>thrust stage</b> (a <b>platform stage</b> or <b>open stage</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one that extends into the audience on three sides and is connected to the backstage area by its <a href="/wiki/Stage_(theatre)#Stage_terminology" title="Stage (theatre)">upstage</a> end. A thrust has the benefit of greater intimacy between performers and the audience than a <a href="/wiki/Proscenium" title="Proscenium">proscenium</a>, while retaining the utility of a backstage area. This is in contrast to a <a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_the_round" title="Theatre in the round">theatre in the round</a>, which is exposed on all sides to the audience, is without a backstage, and relies entirely on entrances in the <a href="/wiki/Auditorium" title="Auditorium">auditorium</a> or from under the stage. Entrances onto a thrust are most readily made from backstage, although some theatres provide for performers to enter through the audience using <a href="/wiki/Vomitorium" title="Vomitorium">vomitory</a> entrances. As with an arena, the audience in a thrust stage theatre may view the stage from three or more sides. Because the audience can view the performance from a variety of perspectives, it is usual for the <a href="/wiki/Blocking_(stage)" title="Blocking (stage)">blocking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theatrical_properties" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatrical properties">props</a> and scenery to receive thorough consideration to ensure that no perspective is blocked from view. A high-backed chair, for instance, when placed <a href="/wiki/Stage_(theatre)#Stage_directions" title="Stage (theatre)">stage right</a>, could create a blind spot in the <a href="/wiki/Stage_(theatre)#Stage_directions" title="Stage (theatre)">stage left</a> action. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doctor_Faustus_stage_273-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Doctor_Faustus_stage_273-3.jpg/310px-Doctor_Faustus_stage_273-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Doctor_Faustus_stage_273-3.jpg/465px-Doctor_Faustus_stage_273-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Doctor_Faustus_stage_273-3.jpg/620px-Doctor_Faustus_stage_273-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3039" data-file-height="2310" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of the thrust stage used for the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Theatre_Project" title="Federal Theatre Project">Federal Theatre Project</a> production of <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Faustus_(play)" title="Doctor Faustus (play)">Doctor Faustus</a></i> (1937) at <a href="/wiki/Maxine_Elliott%27s_Theatre" title="Maxine Elliott's Theatre">Maxine Elliott's Theatre</a>, airbrushed in white to emphasize its contours</figcaption></figure> <p>The thrust stage is the earliest stage type in western theatre, first appearing in <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Ancient_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of Ancient Greece">Greek theatres</a>, and its arrangement was continued by the <a href="/wiki/Pageant_wagon" title="Pageant wagon">pageant wagon</a>. As pageant wagons evolved into Elizabethan theatre, many of that era's works, including those of <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, were performed on theatre with an open thrust stage, such as those of the <a href="/wiki/Globe_Theatre" title="Globe Theatre">Globe Theatre</a>. </p><p>The thrust stage was generally out of use for centuries, and was resurrected by <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> when he staged <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Faustus_(play)" title="Doctor Faustus (play)">Doctor Faustus</a></i> for the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Theatre_Project" title="Federal Theatre Project">Federal Theatre Project</a> in 1937. There, the thrust apron extended over three rows of seats at <a href="/wiki/Maxine_Elliott%27s_Theatre" title="Maxine Elliott's Theatre">Maxine Elliott's Theatre</a>, extending 20 feet. "It was constructed especially for the production and was probably one of the first to break out of the procenium arch in a Broadway playhouse", wrote critic <a href="/wiki/Richard_France_(writer)" title="Richard France (writer)">Richard France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later resurrected by director <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Guthrie" title="Tyrone Guthrie">Tyrone Guthrie</a> and designer <a href="/wiki/Tanya_Moiseiwitsch" title="Tanya Moiseiwitsch">Tanya Moiseiwitsch</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a thrust stage was used in 1953 by the <a href="/wiki/Stratford_Shakespeare_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratford Shakespeare Festival">Stratford Shakespeare Festival</a> of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their Festival Theatre was originally under a tent, until a permanent thrust stage theatre facility was constructed in 1957. Since that time dozens of other thrust stage venues have been built using the concept. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Theatre_Exchange" title="Prairie Theatre Exchange">Prairie Theatre Exchange</a> in Winnipeg, Manitoba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_Festival" title="Stratford Festival">Stratford Festival</a> in Stratford, Ontario</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Westminster Playhouse in Westminster California </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Ma%C3%B1ana" title="Casa Mañana">Casa Mañana</a> in Fort Worth, TX</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Noise_Within" title="A Noise Within">A Noise Within</a> in Pasadena, CA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANTA_Washington_Square_Theatre" title="ANTA Washington Square Theatre">ANTA Washington Square Theatre</a> in Greenwich Village, New York (now demolished)</li> <li>Octagon Stage at the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Shakespeare_Festival" title="Alabama Shakespeare Festival">Alabama Shakespeare Festival</a> in Montgomery, Alabama</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Taper_Forum" title="Mark Taper Forum">Mark Taper Forum</a> in Los Angeles, CA</li> <li>John W. Huntington Theatre at <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Stage" title="Hartford Stage">Hartford Stage</a> in Hartford, Connecticut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Nouba" title="La Nouba">La Nouba</a> stage in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Disney_(Walt_Disney_World)" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Disney (Walt Disney World)">Downtown Disney</a>, Florida</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Dinner_Theatre" title="Alhambra Dinner Theatre">Alhambra Dinner Theatre</a> in Jacksonville, Florida</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Theatre_(Chicago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateway Theatre (Chicago)">Gateway Theatre</a> in Chicago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Shakespeare_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Shakespeare Theatre">Chicago Shakespeare Theatre</a> in Chicago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_M._Barber_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethel M. Barber Theater">Ethel M. Barber Theater</a> at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guthrie_Theater" title="Guthrie Theater">Guthrie Theater</a> in Minneapolis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenbelt_Arts_Center" title="Greenbelt Arts Center">Greenbelt Arts Center</a> in Greenbelt, Maryland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Rose_Theatre_Company" title="Purple Rose Theatre Company">Purple Rose Theatre</a> in Chelsea, Michigan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whartoncenter.com/">Pasant Theatre</a> in East Lansing, Michigan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossroads_Theatre" title="Crossroads Theatre">Crossroads Theater</a> in New Brunswick, New Jersey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Street_Playhouse" title="George Street Playhouse">George Street Playhouse</a> in New Brunswick, New Jersey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_in_the_Square_Theatre" title="Circle in the Square Theatre">Circle in the Square Theatre</a>, New York City</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Beaumont_Theater" title="Vivian Beaumont Theater">Vivian Beaumont Theater</a> at Lincoln Center, New York</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myst%C3%A8re_(Cirque_du_Soleil)" title="Mystère (Cirque du Soleil)">Mystère</a> theater in the <a href="/wiki/Treasure_Island_Hotel_and_Casino" title="Treasure Island Hotel and Casino">Treasure Island</a> hotel in <a href="/wiki/Paradise,_Nevada" title="Paradise, Nevada">Paradise, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Actors_Studio_Theatre" title="Carolina Actors Studio Theatre">Carolina Actors Studio Theatre</a> in Charlotte, North Carolina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevation_Church" title="Elevation Church">Elevation Church</a> in Charlotte, North Carolina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Theater" title="O'Reilly Theater">O'Reilly Theater</a> in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</li> <li>Kleberg Stage at the <a href="/wiki/Zach_Theatre" title="Zach Theatre">Zach Theatre</a> in Austin, Texas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_Playhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackfriars Playhouse">Blackfriars Playhouse</a> at the <a href="/wiki/American_Shakespeare_Center" title="American Shakespeare Center">American Shakespeare Center</a> in Staunton, Virginia</li> <li>Playhouse at the <a href="/wiki/Overture_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Overture Center">Overture Center for the Arts</a> in Madison, Wisconsin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Players_Theatre" title="American Players Theatre">American Players Theatre</a> in Spring Green, Wisconsin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Theatre" title="Barksdale Theatre">Barksdale Theatre</a> at the Shops at Willow Lawn in Richmond, Virginia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Suburbia" title="Theatre Suburbia">Theatre Suburbia</a> in Houston, Texas</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P019137,_Berlin,_Reichssportfeld,_Dietrich_Eckart-Freilichtb%C3%BChne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P019137%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichssportfeld%2C_Dietrich_Eckart-Freilichtb%C3%BChne.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P019137%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichssportfeld%2C_Dietrich_Eckart-Freilichtb%C3%BChne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P019137%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichssportfeld%2C_Dietrich_Eckart-Freilichtb%C3%BChne.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P019137%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichssportfeld%2C_Dietrich_Eckart-Freilichtb%C3%BChne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P019137%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichssportfeld%2C_Dietrich_Eckart-Freilichtb%C3%BChne.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P019137%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichssportfeld%2C_Dietrich_Eckart-Freilichtb%C3%BChne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption>Waldbühne Berlin</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Germany">Germany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waldb%C3%BChne" title="Waldbühne">Waldbühne</a> ("Forest Stage"), Berlin</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greece">Greece</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Numerous <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Ancient_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of Ancient Greece">Greek theatres</a>, such as the one in <a href="/wiki/Epidaurus" title="Epidaurus">Epidaurus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Open_Air_Theatre" title="Brighton Open Air Theatre">Brighton Open Air Theatre</a>, Brighton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questors_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Questors Theatre">Questors Theatre</a>, Ealing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucible_Theatre" title="Crucible Theatre">Crucible Theatre</a> in Sheffield, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulbenkian_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulbenkian Theatre">Gulbenkian Theatre</a> in Canterbury, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_Theatre" title="Globe Theatre">Globe Theatre</a> in London, England. All other Elizabethan theatres were also in the same style.</li> <li>Olivier Theatre in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a>, London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyman_Theatre,_Liverpool" title="Everyman Theatre, Liverpool">Everyman Theatre</a> in Liverpool, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester_Festival_Theatre" title="Chichester Festival Theatre">Chichester Festival Theatre</a>. Notable for the fact that the stage is hexagonal, and is surrounded by the audience on three sides.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Theatre_(Stratford)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swan Theatre (Stratford)">Swan Theatre</a> in Stratford-upon-Avon, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtyard_Theatre" title="Courtyard Theatre">Courtyard Theatre</a> in Stratford-upon-Avon, England</li> <li>Quarry Theatre at the <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Playhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="West Yorkshire Playhouse">West Yorkshire Playhouse</a>, Leeds</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Theatre,_Coleraine" title="Riverside Theatre, Coleraine">Riverside Theatre</a> in Coleraine, Northern Ireland</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Theatre" title="Prithvi Theatre">Prithvi Theatre</a>, Mumbai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Bhavan" title="Bharat Bhavan">Bharat Bhavan</a>, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranga_Shankara" title="Ranga Shankara">Ranga Shankara</a>, Bangalore</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Singapore">Singapore</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Singapore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ngee Ann Kongsi Theatre, located at <a href="/wiki/W!LD_RICE" title="W!LD RICE">W!LD RICE</a> Funan</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>York Theatre, part of the <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Centre" title="Seymour Centre">Seymour Centre</a>, Sydney</li> <li>Roundhouse Theatre, part of <a href="/wiki/WAAPA" class="mw-redirect" title="WAAPA">WAAPA</a>, Perth</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/open-stage">"Open stage | theatre"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Sep 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Open+stage+%26%23124%3B+theatre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Fopen-stage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrust+stage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrance1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_France_(writer)" title="Richard France (writer)">France, Richard</a> (1977). <i>The Theatre of Orson Welles</i>. Lewisburg, PA: <a href="/wiki/Bucknell_University_Press" title="Bucknell University Press">Bucknell University Press</a>. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0838719724" title="Special:BookSources/0838719724"><bdi>0838719724</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theatre+of+Orson+Welles&rft.place=Lewisburg%2C+PA&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Bucknell+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0838719724&rft.aulast=France&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrust+stage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stratfordfestival.ca/AboutUs/OurHistory/Timeline">"Our Timeline"</a>. Stratford Festival<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Timeline&rft.pub=Stratford+Festival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratfordfestival.ca%2FAboutUs%2FOurHistory%2FTimeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrust+stage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratfordfestival.ca/about/theatre.aspx?id=1865">"Maps and Guides | Stratford Festival Official Website | Stratford Festival"</a>. Stratfordfestival.ca<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maps+and+Guides+%26%23124%3B+Stratford+Festival+Official+Website+%26%23124%3B+Stratford+Festival&rft.pub=Stratfordfestival.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratfordfestival.ca%2Fabout%2Ftheatre.aspx%3Fid%3D1865&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrust+stage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrust_stage&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130809033208/http://www.rsc.org.uk/transformation/vision/thrust_stage.asp">"RSC Transformation: The thrust stage"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org.uk/transformation/vision/thrust_stage.asp">the original</a> on August 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RSC+Transformation%3A+The+thrust+stage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org.uk%2Ftransformation%2Fvision%2Fthrust_stage.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrust+stage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theatredesigner.wordpress.com/theatre-design-101/stage-types-thrust/">"Stage Types - Thrust"</a>. <i>Theatre Design</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Theatre+Design&rft.atitle=Stage+Types+-+Thrust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheatredesigner.wordpress.com%2Ftheatre-design-101%2Fstage-types-thrust%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrust+stage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080408145334/http://ti.admission.com/images/maps/mapMystere.png"><i>Mystère</i> theatre diagram</a> Diagram of <a href="/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil" title="Cirque du Soleil">Cirque du Soleil</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Myst%C3%A8re_(Cirque_du_Soleil)" title="Mystère (Cirque du Soleil)">Mystère</a></i> theatre</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022164622/http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/details?mid=7e1a63b47517dc1a93136ec18b9d7d97&prevstart=12">Thrust stage diagram</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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