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The Common Agricultural Policy: an overview | EU CAP Network
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class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current="page"> <span class="cap-icon bi-chevron-left me-2 d-md-none" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="line-clamp-1">The Common Agricultural Policy: an overview</span> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-cap-theme-page-title" class="block block-core block-page-title-block"> <div class="col"> </div> </div> <div id="block-mainpagecontent" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article class="node node--type-landing-page node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <div id="paragraph-559" class="container-fluid hero-banner"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_desktop_1920/public/2023-03/Banner%20Homepage.png.webp?itok=IqHFuys5 1x" media="(min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1500" height="500"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_mobile_1080/public/2023-03/Banner%20Homepage.png.webp?itok=qCAAfktL 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="1080" height="360"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_mobile_1080/public/2023-03/Banner%20Homepage.png.webp?itok=qCAAfktL" width="1080" height="360" alt="" class="img-fluid" /> </picture> <div class="container"> <div class="row px-lg-3"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6 bg-gray--200 hero-banner__jumbotron rounded-3 p-5"> <span class="overline overline--hero-banner"></span> <h2 class="h1"> The Common Agricultural Policy: an overview </h2> <p> The CAP is a common policy for all EU countries, managed and funded at European level from the EU’s budget </p> <div class="d-inline"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="py-5 py-md-6-5" id="paragraph-950"> <div class="container"> <div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-md-1 justify-content-start align-items-stretch gy-3 gy-md-5"> <div id="paragraph-495" class="col paragraph paragraph--type--textarea paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-9"> <h2 id="paragraph-495-title" class="mb-3 mb-md-4">The Common Agricultural Policy</h2> <div class="field field--name-text-formatted field--type-text-long field--label-hidden"> <p>The <a href="https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/common-agricultural-policy_en">EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)</a> is central to the <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en">European Green Deal</a> and its <a href="https://food.ec.europa.eu/horizontal-topics/farm-fork-strategy_en">Farm to Fork</a> and <a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/biodiversity-strategy-2030_en">Biodiversity</a> strategies. Today the CAP supports a modern, market-oriented farming sector providing safe, affordable, high quality food, produced sustainably and respecting consumer standards (environmental, animal welfare, food safety, etc.), as well as supporting investment in the broader rural economy. The CAP is a common policy for all EU countries, managed and funded at European level from the EU’s budget.</p> <p>The CAP supports <a href="https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/sustainability/environmental-sustainability/cap-and-environment_en">sustainable agriculture</a>, <a href="https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/sustainability/forestry/forestry-explained_en#financialsupport">forestry</a>, and the development of <a href="https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/common-agricultural-policy/rural-development_en">rural areas</a> using: </p> <div class="arrow-list"> <ul> <li>income support through direct payments that help protect income stability for farmers who comply with environmental and social requirements;</li> <li>market ‘measures’ to help the agri-food sector deal with difficult market situations; and</li> <li>rural development ‘interventions’ addressing specific needs and challenges facing rural Europe.</li> </ul> <p>A total of €386.6 billion is available for the CAP from the EU budget (2021-2027). This is divided between two funds (often referred to as the ‘two pillars’ of the CAP). These are:</p> <ul> <li>the <a href="https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/common-agricultural-policy/financing-cap/cap-funds_en#eagf">European Agricultural Guarantee Fund</a> (EAGF), known as Pillar 1, which provides €291.1 billion of direct financial support to farmers;</li> <li>the <a href="https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/common-agricultural-policy/financing-cap/cap-funds_en#eafrd">European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development</a> (EAFRD), known as Pillar 2, which provides €95.5 billion (including €8.1 billion from the NextGenerationEU recovery instrument) for socio-economic and environmental interventions.</li> </ul> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-500" class="col paragraph paragraph--type--webtools-widget paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-widget field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><figure class="media media--type-webtools-widget media--view-mode-default"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-webtools field--type-json field--label-hidden field__item"><script type="application/json">{"service":"charts","version":"2.0","options":{"sort":{"by":null,"order":null}},"data":{"chart":{"type":"column"},"colors":["#466eb4","#d7642d","#e6a532","#829bcd","#e6aa82","#fae6c3","#aab9e1"],"plotOptions":{"series":{"stacking":"normal","dataLabels":{"style":{"fontWeight":"bold"}}}},"series":[{"name":"Income support (EAGF)","data":[{"name":"2021","y":38.1},{"name":"2022","y":38.36},{"name":"2023","y":38.48},{"name":"2024","y":38.61},{"name":"2025","y":38.72},{"name":"2026","y":38.82},{"name":"2027","y":38.93}]},{"name":"Market measures (EAGF)","data":[{"name":"2021","y":3.1},{"name":"2022","y":3.15},{"name":"2023","y":3.17},{"name":"2024","y":3.17},{"name":"2025","y":3.2},{"name":"2026","y":3.22},{"name":"2027","y":3.25}]},{"name":"Rural development (EAFRD)","data":[{"name":"2021","y":14.79},{"name":"2022","y":12.11},{"name":"2023","y":12.11},{"name":"2024","y":12.11},{"name":"2025","y":12.11},{"name":"2026","y":12.11},{"name":"2027","y":12.11}]},{"name":"Next Generation EU injection (EAFRD)","data":[{"name":"2021","y":2.39},{"name":"2022","y":5.68},{"name":"2023","y":0},{"name":"2024","y":0},{"name":"2025","y":0},{"name":"2026","y":0},{"name":"2027","y":0}]}],"title":{"text":"CAP Allocations, 2021-27"},"xAxis":{"type":"category"}}}</script> </div> </figure> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-496" class="col paragraph paragraph--type--textarea paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-9"> <div class="field field--name-text-formatted field--type-text-long field--label-hidden"> <p>The EAGF and EAFRD are implemented through a set of <a href="https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/common-agricultural-policy/cap-overview/new-cap-2023-27_en#legalbases">legal regulations</a> which define the CAP’s rules.</p> <div class="arrow-list"> <ul> <li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2021.435.01.0001.01.ENG">EU Regulation 2021/2115</a> establishing rules on support for national CAP strategic plans;</li> <li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2021.435.01.0187.01.ENG">EU Regulation 2021/2116</a> on the financing, management and monitoring of the CAP;</li> <li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2021.435.01.0262.01.ENG">EU Regulation 2021/2117</a> on the common organisation of the agricultural markets covering quality schemes for agricultural products and geographical indications as well as measures for agriculture in the outermost regions of the EU; and</li> <li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2021/2290/oj">Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2290</a> on the calculation of CAP output and result indicators.</li> </ul> <p>Both the EAGF and the EAFRD are managed together by EU countries in a national <a href="https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/cap-my-country/cap-strategic-plans_en#publishednationalstrategicplans">CAP strategic plan</a>. Each country’s CAP strategic plan is unique and has been designed to coordinate different CAP ‘interventions’ addressing specific needs and delivering results in relation to a set of <a href="https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/common-agricultural-policy/cap-overview/new-cap-2023-27/key-policy-objectives-new-cap_en">ten CAP specific objectives</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="py-5 py-md-6-5" id="paragraph-951"> <div class="container"> <h2 id="paragraph-951-title" class="mb-3 mb-md-4">CAP specific objectives</h2> <div class="row row-cols-1 justify-content-start align-items-stretch gy-3 gy-md-5"> <div id="paragraph-498" class="col paragraph paragraph--type--image paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-wide"> <div class="rounded-3-img mb-3 field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_desktop_1920/public/2023-03/the-10-cap-objectives_en.jpg.webp?itok=w7f7uC30 1x" media="(min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="712" height="503"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_mobile_1080/public/2023-03/the-10-cap-objectives_en.jpg.webp?itok=ORQADXmq 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="712" height="503"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_mobile_1080/public/2023-03/the-10-cap-objectives_en.jpg.webp?itok=ORQADXmq" width="712" height="503" alt="CAP specific objectives" class="img-fluid" /> </picture> </div> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="row row-cols-1 justify-content-start align-items-stretch gy-3 gy-md-5 row-cols-md-3"> <div id="paragraph-952" class="col"> <div class="card card__quick-access card-undefined px-0 paragraph paragraph--type--card paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-body"> <h4 class="card-title">1. Ensuring viable farm income</h4> <p class="card-text">Support viable farm income and the resilience of the agricultural sector across the EU in order to enhance long-term food security and agricultural diversity as well as to ensure the economic sustainability of agricultural production.</p> <a class="btn btn-link btn-lg p-0" href="https://eu-cap-network.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-03/cap_specific_objectives_-_brief_1_-_ensuring_viable_farm_income_0.pdf" role="button"> <span class="btn__text">Discover more</span> <span class="cap-icon bi-chevron-right btn__icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-953" class="col"> <div class="card card__quick-access card-undefined px-0 paragraph paragraph--type--card paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-body"> <h4 class="card-title">2. Increasing competitiveness: the role of productivity</h4> <p class="card-text">Enhance market orientation and increase farm competitiveness both in the short and long term, including greater focus on research, technology and digitalisation.</p> <a class="btn btn-link btn-lg p-0" href="https://eu-cap-network.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-03/cap-briefs-2-productivity_en_0.pdf" role="button"> <span class="btn__text">Discover more</span> <span class="cap-icon bi-chevron-right btn__icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-954" class="col"> <div class="card card__quick-access card-undefined px-0 paragraph paragraph--type--card paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-body"> <h4 class="card-title">3. Farmer position in value chains</h4> <p class="card-text">Providing measures that aim to strengthen farmers’ position in a continuously evolving value chain, increase market transparency, and ensure effective mechanisms against unfair trading practices.</p> <a class="btn btn-link btn-lg p-0" href="https://eu-cap-network.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-03/cap-specific-objectives-brief-3-farmer-position-in-value-chains_en_0.pdf" role="button"> <span class="btn__text">Discover more</span> <span class="cap-icon bi-chevron-right btn__icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-955" class="col"> <div class="card card__quick-access card-undefined px-0 paragraph paragraph--type--card paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-body"> <h4 class="card-title">4. Agriculture and climate mitigation</h4> <p class="card-text">Contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation, including by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing carbon sequestration as well as promoting sustainable energy.</p> <a class="btn btn-link btn-lg p-0" href="https://eu-cap-network.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-03/cap-specific-objectives-brief-4-agriculture-and-climate-mitigation_en_0.pdf" role="button"> <span class="btn__text">Doscover more</span> <span class="cap-icon bi-chevron-right btn__icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-956" class="col"> <div class="card card__quick-access card-undefined px-0 paragraph paragraph--type--card paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-body"> <h4 class="card-title">5. Efficient soil management</h4> <p class="card-text">Foster sustainable development and efficient management of natural resources such as water, soil and air, including by reducing chemical dependency.</p> <a class="btn btn-link btn-lg p-0" href="https://eu-cap-network.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-03/cap-specific-objectives-brief-5-soil_en_0.pdf" role="button"> <span class="btn__text">Discover more</span> <span class="cap-icon bi-chevron-right btn__icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-957" class="col"> <div class="card card__quick-access card-undefined px-0 paragraph paragraph--type--card paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-body"> <h4 class="card-title">6. Biodiversity and farmed landscapes</h4> <p class="card-text">Contribute to halting and reversing biodiversity loss, enhance ecosystem services and preserve habitats and landscapes.</p> <a class="btn btn-link btn-lg p-0" href="https://eu-cap-network.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-03/cap-specific-objectives-brief-6-biodiversity_en_0_0.pdf" role="button"> <span class="btn__text">Discover more</span> <span class="cap-icon bi-chevron-right btn__icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-958" class="col"> <div class="card card__quick-access card-undefined px-0 paragraph paragraph--type--card paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-body"> <h4 class="card-title">7. Structural change and generational renewal</h4> <p class="card-text">Attract and sustain young farmers and new farmers and facilitate sustainable business development in rural areas.</p> <a class="btn btn-link btn-lg p-0" href="https://eu-cap-network.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-03/cap-briefs-7-structural-change_en_0.pdf" role="button"> <span class="btn__text">Discover more</span> <span class="cap-icon bi-chevron-right btn__icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-959" class="col"> <div class="card card__quick-access card-undefined px-0 paragraph paragraph--type--card paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-body"> <h4 class="card-title">8. Jobs and growth in rural areas</h4> <p class="card-text">Promote employment, growth, gender equality, including the participation of women in farming, social inclusion and local development in rural areas, as well as the circular bio-economy and sustainable forestry.</p> <a class="btn btn-link btn-lg p-0" href="https://eu-cap-network.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-03/cap-specific-objectives-brief-8-jobs-and-growth-in-rural-areas_en_0.pdf" role="button"> <span class="btn__text">Discover more</span> <span class="cap-icon bi-chevron-right btn__icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-960" class="col"> <div class="card card__quick-access card-undefined px-0 paragraph paragraph--type--card paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-body"> <h4 class="card-title">9. Health, Food & Antimicrobial Resistance</h4> <p class="card-text">Improve the response of EU agriculture to societal demands relating to food and health, including high-quality, safe and nutritious food produced in a sustainable way, to reduce food waste, as well as to improve animal welfare and combat antimicrobial resistance.</p> <a class="btn btn-link btn-lg p-0" href="https://eu-cap-network.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-03/cap_briefs_9_final_0.pdf" role="button"> <span class="btn__text">Discover more</span> <span class="cap-icon bi-chevron-right btn__icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-961" class="col"> <div class="card card__quick-access card-undefined px-0 paragraph paragraph--type--card paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-body"> <h4 class="card-title">10. Driving simplification</h4> <p class="card-text">Modernise agriculture and rural areas by fostering and sharing knowledge, innovation and digitalisation and by encouraging their uptake by farmers through improved access to research, innovation, knowledge exchange and training.</p> <a class="btn btn-link btn-lg p-0" href="https://eu-cap-network.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-03/cap_briefs_10_simplification_0.pdf" role="button"> <span class="btn__text">Discover more</span> <span class="cap-icon bi-chevron-right btn__icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-520" class="col paragraph paragraph--type--textarea paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-9"> <h3 id="paragraph-520-title" class="mb-3 mb-md-4">Managing the CAP</h3> <div class="field field--name-text-formatted field--type-text-long field--label-hidden"> <p>While the European Commission bears overall responsibility for the financial management of the CAP, it does not normally make payments to beneficiaries. Most of the CAP budget is implemented under so-called ‘shared management’ between the European Commission and EU countries, with the remainder falling under ‘direct management’.</p> <p>Under shared management, EU countries are responsible for setting up a management and control system for payments from the CAP strategic plans that complies with EU regulations. They must ensure that this system functions effectively and is capable of preventing, detecting and correcting irregularities.</p> <p>Less than 1% of the CAP budget is managed directly by the Commission (including allocations to EU delegations and EU executive agencies). This funding provides for: administrative and technical support activities required to implement the CAP, including surveys and monitoring, audit and inspection measures, and the maintenance of agricultural accounting IT systems; promotion activities for EU agricultural products by international organisations, executive agencies and the Commission itself.</p> <p>The Commission also provides grants for information measures relating to the CAP and issues contracts for third party services, such as evaluations and studies, technical assistance and training, consultancy, conferences and publicity.</p> <p>The <a href="/publications/catalogue-cap-interventions_en" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="c6038479-1a76-4e87-a618-c36cd5807fd3" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Catalogue of CAP Interventions">catalogue of CAP interventions</a> in the Member States provides centralised access to all interventions and their design, in English and the original language. The database also contains data on budgets, planned output and result indicators for each intervention.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-521" class="col paragraph paragraph--type--image paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-wide"> <div class="rounded-3-img mb-3 field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_desktop_1920/public/2023-03/AdobeStock_348904280.jpeg.webp?itok=nekw6JqX 1x" media="(min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="538" height="359"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_mobile_1080/public/2023-03/AdobeStock_348904280.jpeg.webp?itok=Ca7eJ7NN 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="538" height="359"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_mobile_1080/public/2023-03/AdobeStock_348904280.jpeg.webp?itok=Ca7eJ7NN" width="538" height="359" alt="Managing the CAP" class="img-fluid" /> </picture> </div> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-522" class="col paragraph paragraph--type--textarea paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-9"> <h3 id="paragraph-522-title" class="mb-3 mb-md-4">Evaluating the CAP </h3> <div class="field field--name-text-formatted field--type-text-long field--label-hidden"> <p>Policies are evaluated to determine how they perform and to help shape their future direction. For the CAP, the <a href="https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/common-agricultural-policy/cap-overview/cmef_en#towardsthepmef">Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (PMEF)</a> acts as the main basis for assessing the implementation of the policy across EU Member States.</p> <p>The PMEF supports the result orientation of the CAP’s New Delivery Model, under which EU Member States' performance is judged, by establishing common rules, reporting requirements and other elements necessary to assess if the policy is on track to meet its objectives, including:</p> <div class="arrow-list"> <ul> <li>Output indicators for monitoring the implementation of the CAP;</li> <li>Result indicators to monitor the progress of EU countries towards pre-set targets; and</li> <li>Context and impact indicators to assess the overall policy performance against CAP objectives.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-523" class="col paragraph paragraph--type--image paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-wide"> <div class="rounded-3-img mb-3 field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_desktop_1920/public/2023-03/AdobeStock_518795387.jpeg.webp?itok=TY6RXKxV 1x" media="(min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="538" height="303"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_mobile_1080/public/2023-03/AdobeStock_518795387.jpeg.webp?itok=mWf6TIIj 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="538" height="303"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_mobile_1080/public/2023-03/AdobeStock_518795387.jpeg.webp?itok=mWf6TIIj" width="538" height="303" alt="Evaluating the CAP" class="img-fluid" /> </picture> </div> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-524" class="col paragraph paragraph--type--textarea paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-9"> <div class="field field--name-text-formatted field--type-text-long field--label-hidden"> <p>Evaluations are carried out by the Member States and the EU to assess the impact, effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, coherence and EU added value of the CAP. Support for a common learning process around monitoring and evaluation is provided by the European Evaluation Helpdesk for the CAP with a view to exchanging good practices among the EU Member States.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="region region-bottom-content"> <section id="block-social-share" class="container my-5 my-md-6-5"> <script type="application/json">{"service":"sbkm","version":"2.0","stats":true,"color":true,"more":["e-mail","facebook","linkedin","twitter","whatsapp"]}</script> <script type="application/json">{"service":"etrans","languages":{"exclude":["en"]},"renderAs":"link","domain":"gen","delay":0,"config":{"live":true}}</script> </section> </div> </main> <div class="block block-oe-webtools-page-feedback block-oe-webtools-page-feedback-form"> <script type="application/json">{"service":"dff","id":"bofIhb1O_dff_v2","lang":"en","version":"2.0"}</script> </div> <footer class="bcl-footer bcl-footer--ec"> <div 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