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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Temple_site" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temple_site"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Temple site</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temple_site-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daily_Poojas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daily_Poojas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Daily Poojas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daily_Poojas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hindu_Mahajana_Sangam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hindu_Mahajana_Sangam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hindu Mahajana Sangam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hindu_Mahajana_Sangam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Kumbabishegam_(1933)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Kumbabishegam_(1933)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>First Kumbabishegam (1933)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Kumbabishegam_(1933)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Kumbabishegam_(1958)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Kumbabishegam_(1958)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Second Kumbabishegam (1958)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Kumbabishegam_(1958)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Kumbabishegam_(1980)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Kumbabishegam_(1980)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Third Kumbabishegam (1980)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Kumbabishegam_(1980)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_Kumbabishegam_(1998)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_Kumbabishegam_(1998)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Fourth Kumbabishegam (1998)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_Kumbabishegam_(1998)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_Kumbabishegam_(2016)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_Kumbabishegam_(2016)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Fifth Kumbabishegam (2016)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_Kumbabishegam_(2016)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Deity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Deity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The Deity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Deity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Festivals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Navarathiri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navarathiri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Navarathiri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navarathiri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chithra_Pournami_(Chitraparuvam)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chithra_Pournami_(Chitraparuvam)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Chithra Pournami (Chitraparuvam)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chithra_Pournami_(Chitraparuvam)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thaipusam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thaipusam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Thaipusam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thaipusam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Atta_Kavadi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atta_Kavadi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>Atta Kavadi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atta_Kavadi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuthirai_Vahanam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuthirai_Vahanam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span>Kuthirai Vahanam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuthirai_Vahanam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golden_Chariot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golden_Chariot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.3</span> <span>Golden Chariot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golden_Chariot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maha_Sivarathri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maha_Sivarathri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Maha Sivarathri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maha_Sivarathri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pournami" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pournami"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Pournami</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pournami-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Durga_Puja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Durga_Puja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Durga Puja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Durga_Puja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pradhosham" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pradhosham"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Pradhosham</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pradhosham-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aadi_Puja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aadi_Puja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Aadi Puja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aadi_Puja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bhairavar_Pooja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bhairavar_Pooja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>Bhairavar Pooja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bhairavar_Pooja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Penang</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0,_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82" title="শ্রী মহামারিয়াম্মান মন্দির, পেনাং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শ্রী মহামারিয়াম্মান মন্দির, পেনাং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Mahamariamman" title="Sri Mahamariamman – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sri Mahamariamman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="معبد سری ماهاماریامان، پنانگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معبد سری ماهاماریامان، پنانگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuil_Shri_Mariamman,_Pulau_Pinang" title="Kuil Shri Mariamman, Pulau Pinang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuil Shri Mariamman, Pulau Pinang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="معبد سرى مامريمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معبد سرى مامريمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuil_Sri_Mariamman,_Pulau_Pinang" title="Kuil Sri Mariamman, Pulau Pinang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuil Sri Mariamman, Pulau Pinang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D,_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="மகாமாரியம்மன் கோவில், பென்னாங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மகாமாரியம்மன் கோவில், பென்னாங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°25′2.1″N</span> <span class="longitude">100°20′17.736″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.417250°N 100.33826000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5.417250; 100.33826000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hindu temple in George Town, Penang, Malaysia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other temples with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sri Mahamariamman Temple (disambiguation)">Sri Mahamariamman Temple</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang%22">"Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Penang"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #FFC569">Sri Mahamariamman Temple</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Arulmigu Sri Mahamariamman Temple</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Kuil Sri Mahamariamman</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">அருள்மிகு ஸ்ரீ மகா மாரியம்மன் கோவில்</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">斯里玛哈玛丽安曼兴都庙</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_back.jpg/220px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_back.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_back.jpg/330px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_back.jpg/440px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFC569">Religion</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mariamman" title="Mariamman">Mahamariamman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFC569">Location</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Queen Street, <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_of_George_Town_2023_(city_centre_shown).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Penang is located in Central George Town, Penang"><img alt="Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Penang is located in Central George Town, Penang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Location_map_of_George_Town_2023_%28city_centre_shown%29.svg/240px-Location_map_of_George_Town_2023_%28city_centre_shown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Location_map_of_George_Town_2023_%28city_centre_shown%29.svg/360px-Location_map_of_George_Town_2023_%28city_centre_shown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Location_map_of_George_Town_2023_%28city_centre_shown%29.svg/480px-Location_map_of_George_Town_2023_%28city_centre_shown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="844" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.386%;left:43.868%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Penang"><img alt="Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Penang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/8px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/12px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/16px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Geographic coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&params=5_25_2.1_N_100_20_17.736_E_type:landmark_region:MY"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°25′2.1″N</span> <span class="longitude">100°20′17.736″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.417250°N 100.33826000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5.417250; 100.33826000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFC569">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_architecture" title="Dravidian architecture">Dravidian architecture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creator</th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data note">1833</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Arulmigu Sri Mahamariamman Temple</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> temple within <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> in the <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">Malaysian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>. The oldest <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temple</a> in the state, it was built in 1833, and features sculptures of gods and goddesses over its main entrance and facade.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is also known as Mariamman Temple or Queen Street Indian Temple. Throughout the years, the Sri Mahamariamman temple has also been known by several names: Sri Muthu Mariamman Temple, Sri Arulmigu Mahamariamman Temple, Sri Mariamman Temple. All these names refer to the same temple. The temple is open daily from 6.30 am - 12.00 noon and 4.30 pm - 9.00 pm. It became a place of worship as early as 1801 and became a temple in 1833. It has stood at the same place for more than 200 years.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temple_site">Temple site</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Temple site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The temple is in central Georgetown on Lebuh Queen (Queen Street) and the back entrance is on Jalan Masjid Kapitan Keling (<a href="/wiki/Pitt_Street,_George_Town" title="Pitt Street, George Town">Pitt Street</a>), in between Lebuh Pasar and Lebuh Chulia. Located in Penang's <i>Little India</i>, in the capital city of Georgetown, the Sri Maha Mariamman temple reflects the city's rich cultural heritage. </p><p>Visitation to this temple is limited to morning and evening. Temple opens starts from morning 6 am till 12 pm and evening from 5 pm till 9 pm. The temples closes after the prayers are performed at 12 pm and 9 pm respectively. Daily there will be <a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Pujas</a> (prayers), mornings 7.30 am and evening 6.30 pm. Prayers are usually conducted by the temple priests in these times and visitors may observe these prayer sessions taking place. If you wish to enter the Sri Mahamariamman temple, it would be polite to ask permission from any of the priests and please remember to remove your shoes before entering the temple grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daily_Poojas">Daily Poojas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Daily Poojas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Darshan (meaning open to the public) hours are from 6 am to 9 pm. Temple is closed from 12:15 pm and reopened at 4:30 pm and closed at 9:15 pm. </p><p>The temple priests perform the puja (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. <a href="/wiki/Abhisheka" title="Abhisheka"><i>Abishegam</i></a> or <i>Thirumanjanam</i> is anointment of the idol with oils, sandalwood paste, milk, unguents and the like and then bathing it with water in an act of ritual purification. The most prominent abishegams are conducted at the ceremonies to mark the hours of the day. These are four in number - the <i>Kaala Santhi</i>, early in the morning, the <i>Ucchikālam</i>, in the afternoon, the <i>Sāyaratchai</i>, in the evening and the <i>Ardha Jāmam</i>, at night, immediately prior to the temple being closed for the day. </p><p>Each ritual comprises four steps: abishegam (sacred bath), alangaram (decoration), <a href="/wiki/Naivedhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Naivedhya">naivethanam</a> (food offering) and deepa aradanai (waving of lamps) all the deities. After the abishegam, it is the practice to dress the idols of the deities, in an act called <i>alangaram</i>, in one of several guises. The worship is held with religious instructions in the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a> sacred texts) and <a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Thirumurai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> sacred texts) read by priests. These hours are marked by the tolling of the bell of the temple amidst music with <a href="/wiki/Nadaswaram" title="Nadaswaram">nadaswaram</a> (pipe instrument) and <a href="/wiki/Thavil" title="Thavil">thavil</a> (percussion instrument). </p><p>Devotees are able to perform <a href="/wiki/Archana_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archana (Hinduism)">archanai</a> by the priest thereafter. </p> <ol><li>Abishegam (6 am)</li> <li>Kaala Santhi (7.30 am)</li> <li>Abishegam (11.45 am)</li> <li>Utchikkalam Pooja (12 pm)</li> <li>Abishegam (5.30 am)</li> <li>Sāyaratchai (6.30 pm)</li> <li>Abishegam (8.45 am)</li> <li>Ardha Jāmam (9 pm)</li></ol> <ul><li>Please note that on festivals and special occasions, Abishegam and Poojas start earlier than the scheduled time</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_Dec_2006_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_Dec_2006_001.jpg/220px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_Dec_2006_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_Dec_2006_001.jpg/330px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_Dec_2006_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_Dec_2006_001.jpg/440px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_Dec_2006_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The Mahamariamman Temple back entrance at <a href="/wiki/Pitt_Street,_George_Town" title="Pitt Street, George Town">Pitt Street</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The tropical island of Penang lies in the Indian Ocean, just off the north-west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Penang's rapid growth as a trading hub in the early 19th century, especially in commodities such as nutmegs, cloves, and pepper, attracted traders from Europe, America, Arabia, India as well as China. Each then established communities and adopted lifestyles similar to their homeland. It was during that time that the Tamil Indians arrived in the island's bustling harbour, and established their own ‘Little India’ community in the city. The early Indian settlers, who came to this island to toil and trade, established an abode for mother, so that her presence could be felt as their guardian deity and guide in their times of trials and tribulations.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dating back as early as 1801, the Sri Mahamariamman Temple is recognised as an elaborate and spiritual place of worship. Like most Indian temples in Penang, the Penang Sri Mahamariamman began as a small and simple shrine. Not much is known about the early days of the temple or of the persons who founded it. The land was granted in 1801 by the British to Betty Lingam Chetty, who was then the Kapitan (Headman, Kepala or Community Leader) of the Tamils and South Indians. This is confirmed by another grant written in 1831. But, as to how the temple came to be built on this land or who founded it, there is no information.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Caption <a href="/wiki/James_Low_(East_India_Company_officer)" title="James Low (East India Company officer)">James Low</a> confirms the existence of a temple in Georgetown in 1835. That the Mariamman temple was founded in 1833 is first mentioned in a notice of '<a href="/wiki/Kumbhabhishekham" title="Kumbhabhishekham">Kumbabishegam</a>' (consecration ceremony) held one hundred years later in 1933. But except for the date, not much else has been said about its founding in that document.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Built originally as a shrine, it was later that the Indian community found a need for a proper temple ground for worshipping, to accommodate the ever-increasing Indian community presence on the island. This was done to ensure that the Indian community, which includes the merchants, labourers and sepoys, are settled in one particular area, for ease of managing the group. The majority of the people who lived around the temple were waterfront workers who were the backbone of the Penang port. These Indian stevedores were organised in groups called kootam – a member of a kootam is a kootakadai, and heading each kootam is a thandal. Together, the Indian community numbered about 2000 workers and they inhabited the area bounded by Lebuh Queen, Lebuh King, Lebuh Penang, Lebuh Pasar and Lebuh Gereja, an area collectively known as Ellammuchanthi in Tamil, or Simpang Lelong in Malay.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Sri Mahamariamman shrine was enlarged into a temple in 1833. Since this was when it became a proper temple, 1833 is taken as the year that it was founded. At the time of its founding, it was known as the Sri Muthu Mariamman Temple. It was only in 1980 that it became known by its present name, Sri Arulmigu Mahamariamman Temple, although the name is often written as Sri Mariamman Temple, Mahamariamman Temple and so on.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>From its inception, the temple provided an important <a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">place of worship</a> for early Indian immigrants and is now an important <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">cultural</a> and national heritage. In those days, it was done to ensure the Indian community, which includes the early working settlers like merchants and labourers are settled in one area to ease managing them. By 1833, the shrine through the efforts of the Indian settlers, turned to a temple and was renovated to its present form a hundred years later. </p><p>According to a document of civil suit brought before the courts in 1904, the names of five trustees who looked after the temple from 1892 till 1904 are Veerasamy, Murugan Chettiyar, Govindasamy Pillai, Veleritta Taver and Meyappah. The temple came under The Mohamedan and Hindu Endowments Board in 1906. From then onwards the temple has been administrated by the management committee appointed by the Endowment Board. It appears that from the beginning of the Endowments Board's administration, a few temples and other institutions have been clustered and left under the care of this management committee: Arulmigu Sri Balathandayuthapani Temple in Waterfall (Hilltop), the Arulmigu Sri Ganesha Temple in Waterfall, the Arulmigu Sri Mahamariamman Temple in Queen Street, Hindu Cemetery and Cremation Ground in Batu Lanchang and a Hindu Funeral Rites Ground in Jalan <a href="/wiki/Air_Itam" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Itam">Air Itam</a>. From 1967 onwards, the board is known as the Hindu Endowments Board, which is currently managing this temple.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hindu_Mahajana_Sangam"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahajana_Sangam" title="Hindu Mahajana Sangam">Hindu Mahajana Sangam</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hindu Mahajana Sangam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hindu Mahajana Sangam (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">இந்து மகாஜன சங்கம்</span>) which was formed in 1935, has had close association with this temple and other temples under the care of the same management. Before 1935, it was known as Kootakkadai (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">கூட்டக்கடை</span>). Many members have served in both institutions. They have also been associated with the temple's formation, renovation and maintenance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The festivals conducted by the Hindu Mahajana Sangam such as Chitraparuvam, Vijayadhsami and Aatakavadi during Thaipoosam is associated with this temple.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Kumbabishegam_(1933)"><span id="First_Kumbabishegam_.281933.29"></span>First <a href="/wiki/Kumbhabhishekham" title="Kumbhabhishekham">Kumbabishegam</a> (1933)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First Kumbabishegam (1933)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was in 1933 that the temple acquired the present form and structure. In that year the temple was extensively renovated. According to the notice of the consecration ceremony, the foundation stone for the new structure was laid by Mr. V. Natesam Pillay, JP. The Sri Muthu Mariamman temple having become too small and too decayed, the Hindu gentlemen of Penang, with their initiative and perseverance, have bought up two buildings to the north of the temple, expanded the presence space and formed a temple in accordance with the Siva agamas a sanctum, Arthamandapam (antechamber), Mahamandapam (hall), <i><a href="/wiki/Prakaram" title="Prakaram">prakaram</a></i> (circumambient), vimanam (dome), surrounding walls and Rajagopuram (entrance tower). These renovations were carried out by a management committee consisting of S. Ekamparam Pillai, C. Subbaraya Pillay, S. P. Natesam Pillay, P. Kalimuthu Vandayar, K. V. Karuppiah Thandal and M. R. Raju.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The consecration ceremony was held on Sunday, 12 June 1933. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Kumbabishegam_(1958)"><span id="Second_Kumbabishegam_.281958.29"></span>Second Kumbabishegam (1958)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second Kumbabishegam (1958)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is also known that further repairs were done in 1958 and a consecration ceremony, albeit on a small scale was carried out under the leadership of Mr. Doraisamy Thevar JP PJK who was the chairman of the temple management committee.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Kumbabishegam_(1980)"><span id="Third_Kumbabishegam_.281980.29"></span>Third Kumbabishegam (1980)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Third Kumbabishegam (1980)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1958, no repairs or renovations were done to the temple. This caused some serious decay to the structures and sculptures. From 1978 till 1980, extensive renovation was done. A sculptor from the Academy of Sculptors in Mahapalipuram, Chennai and two assistant sculptors were brought from India to restore the structure. Although the basic form of the 1933 structure had been retained, many new areas have been added. A new hall 31 feet × 27 feet, suitable for small religious functions, has been added and over this, another story has been added for administrative offices. </p><p>While most of the sculptures have been preserved, some new ones have also been added, the statues of the nine forms of Sakthi now surround the outer walls of the sanctum. The inner walls of the sanctum, antechamber and the flooring of the whole temple have been changed. The entire temple has been repainted. The smaller shrines of Visvanathar, Visalatchi, Chandikeswarar and Bairavar have domes of their own which have been gold plated. Within the sanctum, a new statue of Mahamariamman, towering over the main deity, has been formed. At the feet of the main deity, a Sri Chakram has also been erected. A Vishnu Dhurga idol was newly installed. </p><p>The temple's name which was known as Sri Muthu Mariamman Temple till then was changed to Arulmigu Sri Mahamariamman Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The consecration ceremony was held on Sunday, 14 December 1980. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_Kumbabishegam_(1998)"><span id="Fourth_Kumbabishegam_.281998.29"></span>Fourth Kumbabishegam (1998)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fourth Kumbabishegam (1998)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The present renovation was begun in mid-1997. While basically preserving the existing temple structure, some minor modifications were made such as replacing of tiles in the sanctum and the whole temple flooring, replacing the peedam in the sanctum, replacing the Komugi, a new Ganesha, Visveswarar, Rahu and Kethu icons, new Navagraha peedam, new flag post with concrete base, statues of Bala Ganesha and Bala Murugan, Ashta Lakshmi 8 statues and two lion statues on the left and right of the temple main entrance. The Bairavar shrine is moved to the north-east corner, facing south.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The consecration ceremony was held on Thursday, 3 September 1998. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_Kumbabishegam_(2016)"><span id="Fifth_Kumbabishegam_.282016.29"></span>Fifth Kumbabishegam (2016)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fifth Kumbabishegam (2016)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The present renovation was begun in end of 2013. The ceremony took place from 14th till 15 November 2013, involved the removing of the deities from the main shrines to a temporary site (balaalayam) within the temple and was the beginning of the many rituals to prepare for the consecration ceremony. The process was divided into five stages. After procuring connection of all necessary services to the site, the first stage of the project, breaking the wall and floor tiles commenced. This was followed by the reinforced concrete work to the foundations, slabs, columns and so forth. Construction activities continued with the erection of roof steel frames. Electrical and plumbing conduits. A team of artisans arrived from India and commenced work on the shrines. Another batch of additional artisans arrived from India to accelerate the pace of construction in order to meet the consecration ceremony deadline. </p><p>While basically preserving the existing temple structure, the inner walls of the sanctum, antechamber and the flooring of the whole temple have been changed. The entire temple has been repainted. New icons replacing the older ones are Thatchinamoorthy, Visalatchi, Chandikeswarar, Bairavar and Navagraham are installed. <a href="/wiki/Nandi_(bull)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandi (bull)">Nandhi</a> and bali peedam icons installed facing east towards Visveswarar shrine are added. A gold plated new flag post with granite concrete base is added along with Kodimara Pillayar icon facing east are installed. Statues of Ganesha and Murugan statues on the left and right of the outer wall of temple main entrance. The wooden framework on the century-old ceiling known as ‘Raasi Kattam’ (the 12 zodiac signs planets carved on the wood) is also restored. The Bairavar shrine is moved back to its original location on the left-hand side of the main entrance, facing west. <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The consecration ceremony was held on Sunday, 10 July 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_Dec_2006_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_Dec_2006_002.jpg/220px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_Dec_2006_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_Dec_2006_002.jpg/330px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_Dec_2006_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_Dec_2006_002.jpg/440px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Penang_Dec_2006_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The Mahamariamman Temple <i>gopuram</i> (tower) and <i>vimanam</i> (dome)</figcaption></figure> <p>Built in the <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">south Indian</a> <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Dravidian people">Dravidian</a> style, the temple most outstanding feature is the impressive <i><a href="/wiki/Gopuram" title="Gopuram">gopuram</a></i> (tower). Rising above the entrance, it features <a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu deities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">soldiers</a> and floral decorations. </p><p>On the entrance of Penang Sri Mariamman Temple, you get to see a 23.5 feet tall sculptured tower or <i>Gopuram</i>. Also, the 38 statues of Gods and Goddesses and 4 swans featuring the Hindu Goddess Mahamariamman in Her many incarnations such as <a href="/wiki/Minakshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Minakshi">Meenatchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamakshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamakshi">Kamatchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vishalakshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishalakshi">Visalatchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhuvaneshvari" title="Bhuvaneshvari">Bhuvaneswari</a> surrounds the colourful four-tiered crown. It is topped with five small kalasams.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With subsequent renovations carried out over the years by Hindus artisans and sculptors from India and locals, from makeshift huts to heavily ornate and brightly shining with diamonds and precious stones, Penang Sri Mahariamman Temple is a sight to behold. </p><p>The interiors of the temples are heavily sculptured with deities of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Ganesha" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Ganesha">Lord Ganesha</a> is in the left pillar and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Muruga" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Muruga">Lord Muruga</a>, his brother, is on the right pillar. The eight female figures adorning the pillars inside the temple are of <a href="/wiki/Ashta_Lakshmi" title="Ashta Lakshmi">Ashta Lakshmi</a> (Goddess of Wealth). On the left wall there are sculptures of the <a href="/wiki/Nataraja" title="Nataraja">Nadaraja</a> and Sivakami in dancing posture of the cosmic dance. Nine statues of goddesses (9 types of Sakthi) can be seen on the walls surrounding the inner shrine of Penang Sri Mahamariamman Temple. </p><p>The primary deity Goddess Mahamariamman is seated at the <i>moolastanam</i> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sanctum" class="extiw" title="wikt:sanctum">sanctum</a>) of the <i><a href="/wiki/Garbhagriha" title="Garbhagriha">karuvarai</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanctum_sanctorum" title="Sanctum sanctorum">sanctum sanctorum</a>). The temple has an <i>artha mandapam</i> (<a href="/wiki/Antechamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Antechamber">antechamber</a>), <i>mukha mandapam</i>, <i>mahamandapam</i> (hall), <i><a href="/wiki/Prakaram" title="Prakaram">prakaram</a></i> (circumambient), <i>vasantha mandapam</i> (festive hall) and <i>kodi maram</i> (flag post). The signs of the zodiac are carved in wood on the ceiling.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dome or <i><a href="/wiki/Vimana_(architectural_feature)" title="Vimana (architectural feature)">vimanam</a></i> of the temple is on a base 12.5 feet square and has a height of 27.25 feet. This is in three sections and contains 20 statues of gods and goddesses and 12 lions. Its <a href="/wiki/Kalasam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalasam">kalasam</a> is 3.5 feet and is gold plated. </p><p>The back entrance tower is 10.5 feet high and contains 13 statues of gods and goddesses and 4 lions and a swan with partially human form. </p><p>Once every 12 years, in keeping with <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> tradition, the temple is <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">reconsecrated</a>. Previous consecrations are in 1933, 1958, 1980, 1998 and 2016. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Deity">The Deity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Deity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mariamman" title="Mariamman">Mariamman</a> is popularly worshipped by overseas Indians, especially <a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamils</a> because she is looked upon as their protector. She is the Goddess of disease, rain and protection and is associated with enormous powers in the physical realm, particularly destructive, and protects her devotees from unholy or demonic events. </p><p>Historians claimed that the worship of Mariamman or <a href="/wiki/Korravai" title="Korravai">Korravai</a>/Kotravai started as a tribal religion of the Dravidians. Mariamman is a manifestation of the goddess - Parvati, an incarnation embodying Mother Earth with all her terrifying force. </p><p>In the Hindu pantheon, however, the original mother form of the Maha Sakthi is the Primal Source of All Energy - from where everything - all matter and energy comes. The Sakthi is credited with the creation of Brahma, Vishnu and Siva, the three main gods of creation, sustenance and destruction. </p><p>The word Mariamman comes from two words: <i>Mari</i> meaning <i>power</i> and <i>amman</i> meaning <i>mother</i>. <i>Maha</i> stands for <i>great</i>. So this Mahamariamman temple tells you, it houses the <b>great powerful mother</b>. And some Indians considers Sri Mariamman to be the mother of Lord Ganesha and Lord Muruga. So to many locals, when asks which temple they are going, some simply said "Amman Temple". </p><p>Mahamariamman, the primary deity is seated at the <i>moolastanam</i> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sanctum" class="extiw" title="wikt:sanctum">sanctum</a>) of the <i><a href="/wiki/Garbhagriha" title="Garbhagriha">karuvarai</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanctum_sanctorum" title="Sanctum sanctorum">sanctum sanctorum</a>) facing east. Ganesha and Subramaniyaswami are installed at the <i>artha mandapam</i> (<a href="/wiki/Antechamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Antechamber">antechamber</a>) facing east. There is a surrounding circumambulatory path. At the <i>mukha mandapam</i> we may find the <i><a href="/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana">vahana</a></i> (mythical mount/vehicle) of the Goddess which is <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a>, the <i>bali peedam</i> (sacrificial altar) and the <i>kodi maram</i> (flag post) is also found facing west towards Mahamariamman. Stone carvings of the cosmic dance of Lord Nadaraja and His consort Goddess Sivakami are found at the wall facing south at the <i>vasantha mandapam</i> (festive hall). </p><p>Shrines for sub deities facing east are Lord <a href="/wiki/Kashi_Vishwanath_Temple" title="Kashi Vishwanath Temple">Visveswarar</a> and Goddess <a href="/wiki/Vishalakshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishalakshi">Visalatchi</a> are installed at the left and right side of the sanctum sanctorum respectively. The shrine of Lord Chandikeswarar is facing south towards the sanctum sanctorum. The shrine of Lord <a href="/wiki/Bhairava" title="Bhairava">Bairavar</a> is found at the northeast corner facing west. Lord <a href="/wiki/Dakshinamurthy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakshinamurthy">Thatchinamoorthy</a> facing south and <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Vishnu Dhurga</a> facing north are installed at the outer wall of the sanctum sanctorum. The <a href="/wiki/Navagraha" title="Navagraha">Navagraham</a> (nine planets) are found at the northeast corner of the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Housed within its ornately decorated interior is the priceless <i><a href="/wiki/Panchaloha" title="Panchaloha">panchaloha</a></i> (an alloy of five metals: gold, silver, copper, zinc and tin) statue of Lord Ganesha, Lord Subramaniyaswami and Mahamariamman embellished with gold, silver, diamonds and emeralds. </p><p>The priceless Goddess Mahamariamman's statue is paraded on a wooden <a href="/wiki/Temple_car" title="Temple car">chariot</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami</a> day on the end of the <a href="/wiki/Navratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Navratri">Navarathiri</a> festival. </p><p>The priceless Lord Subramaniaswamy's statue figures prominently in the annual Chithra Pournami festival when it is borne on a wooden <a href="/wiki/Temple_car" title="Temple car">chariot</a> through the city streets to the Arulmigu Sri Balathandayuthapani Hilltop temple in Waterfall, Penang.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals">Festivals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The temple is particularly packed on <a href="/wiki/Navratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Navratri">Navarathiri</a>, Chithra Pournami, <a href="/wiki/Deepavali" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepavali">Deepavali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thaipusam" title="Thaipusam">Thaipusam</a> with thousands of devotees eager to offer their prayers on the holy days. </p><p>In the year 2008, there was a big celebration commemorating the temple's 175th anniversary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Navarathiri">Navarathiri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Navarathiri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most auspicious event for the temple is the <a href="/wiki/Navratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Navratri">Navarathiri</a> festival. The festival begins with the lion flag-raising ceremony and ends with a procession where the <a href="/wiki/Panchaloha" title="Panchaloha">Panchaloha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">ஐம்பொன்</span>) deity of Mahamariamman is paraded in a decorated wooden chariot through the streets of Little India. Navarathiri is nine nights vegetarian festival. According to the Hindu <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a>, the festival is held to commemorate the victory of Goddess <a href="/wiki/Adi_Parashakti" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi Parashakti">Adi Parashakti</a> over the demon king <a href="/wiki/Mahishasura" title="Mahishasura">Mahishasuran</a>. It was stated that the evil king ill-treated the people that they turned to the goddess, who is the consort of Lord Shiva, to save them. Goddess Adi Parasakthi fought a battle for nine days and ultimately destroyed him on the 10th day, which is known as <a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami</a>. </p><p>Various Indian organisations and communities would sponsor the prayers for each nights. On the Final tenth day of the celebration, <a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami</a> is celebrated by Hindu Mahajana Sangam. The sangam organised the chariot procession for many years from Queen Street, Sri Mahamariamman Temple to <a href="/wiki/Dhoby_Ghaut,_Penang" title="Dhoby Ghaut, Penang">Dhoby Ghaut</a>. The festival celebration is concluded after shooting of arrows from the chariot in the evening in the Dhoby Ghaut. The chariot returns to the temple at about midnight the same day. Since the late 1970s, the organisation of the chariot procession had been taken over from the sangam by the Temple committee and the Hindu Endowments Board. The chariot procession is now confined to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Cornwallis" title="Fort Cornwallis">Fort Cornwallis</a> area, nearby the Kedah Pier Muneeswarar Temple in the Esplanade. However, the sangam still continues to celebrate the annual Navarathiri festival's final tenth day Vijayadashami Ubayam every year without fail.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chithra_Pournami_(Chitraparuvam)"><span id="Chithra_Pournami_.28Chitraparuvam.29"></span>Chithra Pournami (Chitraparuvam)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Chithra Pournami (Chitraparuvam)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahamariamman_Temple_Murugar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mahamariamman_Temple_Murugar.jpg/220px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Murugar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mahamariamman_Temple_Murugar.jpg/330px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Murugar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mahamariamman_Temple_Murugar.jpg/440px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Murugar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The <i>panchaloha</i> deity of Lord Subramaniyaswami before the procession for Chithra Pournami festival</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahamariamman_Temple_Chithra_Paruvam_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mahamariamman_Temple_Chithra_Paruvam_02.jpg/220px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Chithra_Paruvam_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mahamariamman_Temple_Chithra_Paruvam_02.jpg/330px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Chithra_Paruvam_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mahamariamman_Temple_Chithra_Paruvam_02.jpg/440px-Mahamariamman_Temple_Chithra_Paruvam_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Chariot procession of Lord Subramaniyaswami for Chithra Pournami festival</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahajana_Sangam" title="Hindu Mahajana Sangam">Hindu Mahajana Sangam</a>, with notable among the festivals, the annual Chitraparuvam Festival which is celebrated in the Tamil month of Chithirai (April/May) every year, is organised with a chariot procession of the <i>panchaloha</i> deity of Lord Subramaniyaswami from Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman Temple. It is the day of the first full moon of the first Tamil month. In early years, the festival starts with special pooja and ubayam for the Hindu Mahajana Sangam “Koota Kadai” in Queen Street Mahamariamman Temple, the chariot procession commences in the early morning 7.00 am and reached Waterfall Dewan Mahatma Gandhi (Gandhiji Ashram) in the afternoon, the deity then carried and placed in the ashram until the return journey of the chariot to Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple in the evening of the same day. <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the early 1970s this festival is celebrated for three days. The deity of Lord Subramaiyaswami is brought in procession from the Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple passing through many street and roads before reaching the Waterfall Arulmigu Sri Ganesha temple. The deity is carried up to the Hilltop Arulmigu Sri Balathadayuthapani Temple. On the second day is the Chitraparuvam Festival where the deity is taken in procession around the hilltop temple compound in the evening. On the third day evening, the deity is carried down and placed on the chariot procession journey back to the Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple. In 1992, the Hindu Mahajana Sangam imported a new chariot from India, for the annual Chitraparuvam Festival celebration to replace the old chariot which was found to be not road worthy and in a decaying condition. <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the first day, the chariot passes through Queen Street, Chulia Street, Chulia Street Ghaut, Victoria Street, Prangin Road Ghaut, C. Y. Choy Road, Magazine Road, Dato Keramat Road, Western Road and Waterfall Road before reaching the Ganesar Temple. The chariot stops at Kamatchi Amman Temple, Sivan Temple and Muneeswarar Temple along the way. Then the Lord Subramaniyaswami is carried up to the Sri Balathandayuthapani Temple at the hilltop. </p><p>On the return journey, the Lord Subramaniyaswami is carried down and the chariot passes through Waterfall Road, Gottlieb Road, Tunku Abdul Rahman Road, Macalister Road, Anson Road, Burma Road, Transfer Road, Sri Bahari Road, Penang Road, Kimberley Street, Carnarvon Street, Chulia Street, <a href="/wiki/Pitt_Street,_George_Town" title="Pitt Street, George Town">Pitt Street</a>, Church Street, Queen Street, China Street, King Street, Light Street, Penang Street, Chulia Street, King Street, China Street, Beach Street, Market Street and Queen Street before reaching the Sri Mahamariamman Temple. The chariot stops at <a href="/wiki/Nattukkottai_Chettiar_Temple,_Penang" title="Nattukkottai Chettiar Temple, Penang">Balathandayuthapani Temple</a>, Meenatchi Sundaraeswarar Temple, ISKCON Centre, Muneeswarar Temple and Kunj Bihari Temple along the way.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thaipusam">Thaipusam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Thaipusam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Celebrated on the Tamil month of Thai (January/February). Although it is celebrated in the Waterfall <a href="/wiki/Arulmigu_Balathandayuthapani_Temple,_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple, Penang">Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple, Penang</a>, Sri Mahamriamman temple is not left behind as there are religious activities associated with this festival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Atta_Kavadi">Atta Kavadi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Atta Kavadi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hindu Mahajana Sangam members carry a traditional <a href="/wiki/Kavadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kavadi">kavadi</a> weighing approximately 80 kilos known as <i>Atta Kavadi</i> since 1927 from Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple in the evening to Dewan Mahatma Gandhi in the <a href="/wiki/Arulmigu_Balathandayuthapani_Temple,_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple, Penang">Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple, Penang</a> compound with traditional <a href="/wiki/Nadhaswaram" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadhaswaram">Nadhaswaram</a> accompanying the Atta Kavadi. A late-night dinner is served in the Dewan Mahatma Gandhi after the arrival of the Atta Kavadi. In the early years, the arrival of the Atta Kavadi signified the conclusion of the annual Thaipusam festival celebration for the day and devotees are not expected to carry any kavadi after the Atta Kavadi reaches the Waterfall temple compound.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kuthirai_Vahanam">Kuthirai Vahanam</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Kuthirai Vahanam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Penang <a href="/wiki/Nattukottai_Chettiar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nattukottai Chettiar">Nattukottai Chettiar</a> community hold prayers in this temple prior to the Thaipusam festival. This function is called the <i>Kuthirai Vahanam</i> (Horse Car) held on in the Tamil month of Markazhi (December/January). The prayers would start 10 days earlier where there would be ubayams on these days. On the tenth day, the decorated <i>panchaloha</i> deity of the Mahamariamman which carries a <a href="/wiki/Vel" title="Vel">Vel</a> would be placed on the Horse Car. The procession begins from Queen Street at the evening, displaying the <a href="/wiki/Vel" title="Vel">Vel</a> passing through various streets and roads and end up at Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple around midnight. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Golden_Chariot">Golden Chariot</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Golden Chariot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A RM3mil golden chariot hit the streets on the eve of Thaipusam on 8 February 2017. The 1.6-tonne golden chariot measuring 4.3m-high and 4m-wide will feature two golden horses in the front with several statues adorning the kalasam (tower). The chariot bearing Lord Muruga's vel (spear) will move on rubberised wheels pulled by devotees. The inner frame of the chariot was made in Karaikudi and shipped to Penang, where it was assembled. <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The golden chariot's journey will be from the Arulmigu Sri Maha Mariamman Temple in Queen Street to the Arulmigu Sri Ganesha Temple in Jalan Kebun Bunga. The chariot would be placed at the Sri Ganesha Temple for two days, on Thaipusam eve and on Thaipusam day. <sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An 18-day pooja (special prayers) session will be conducted for The 0.9m-tall golden vel at Queen Street Maha Mariamman Temple. This depicts the story goes that the vel was created by Lord Shiva's consort Parasakthi who is also Lord Murugan's mother. Parasakthi appeared in 18 forms before merging into a single indestructible vel which was handed to Lord Murugan during the Poosa natchathiram on Pournami Day (full moon) in the month of Thai (January to February). After receiving a blessing from the Lord's mother, the vel will be sent back to Lord Murugan on the golden chariot on Thaipusam eve. <sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The golden chariot successfully completed its first trial run for Thaipusam in on 2 February 2017 about two hours through George Town in the presence of a large throng of devotees seeing it for the first time. The chariot went 3 km along Jalan Kebun Bunga, Lorong Air Terjun, Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Macalister, Jalan Residensi and Jalan Utama before returning to the temple. <sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maha_Sivarathri">Maha Sivarathri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Maha Sivarathri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a> is dedicated to the Lord Visveswarar where the devotees would observe the prayers, all-day fasting and an all night long vigil. Celebrated every year on the 13th night/14th day in the Krishna Paksha (waning moon) of the Tamil month of Maasi (February/March) that is, the night before and day of the new moon. Abishegam (ceremonial bath) is conducted at 10 pm, 12 midnight, 2 am and 4 am respectively. Pujas would commence at 11 pm, 1 am, 3 am and 5 am respectively. Throughout the night devotes would chant and hymns of the devotional songs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pournami">Pournami</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Pournami"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monthly full moon of every month is observed where prayers are done for Lord Visvanathar. Special abishegam, prayers and puja would be conducted at 12 pm followed by vegetarian lunch that would be served. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Durga_Puja">Durga Puja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Durga Puja"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weekly <a href="/wiki/Rahukaalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahukaalam">Rahukaalam</a> puja is conducted on every Tuesdays between 3.30 pm and 4.30 pm for Vishnu Dhurga amman. <i>Abishekam</i> (ceremonial bath) is conducted by the temple priest for the goddess. Devotees which mainly consists of ladies, would sing hymns and chant praise of the goddess. The goddess would be decorated with flowers and mainly with garlands of limes. Lighting lamps made of limes is a major ritual in these prayers. </p><p>On these special days, devotees will be vegetarians for the day. Young ladies wanting to marry will come to offer prayers asking from the "mother" for a good husband. Married ladies will pray for a successful marriage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pradhosham">Pradhosham</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Pradhosham"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pradosha" title="Pradosha">Pradhosham</a> is a bimonthly occasion on the thirteenth day of every fortnight in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-State_manual_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_manual-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The auspicious 3 hour period, 1.5 hours before and after the sunset is one of the optimum time for worship of Lord Shiva. The fast or vow performed during the period is called <i><a href="/wiki/Pradosha_vrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Pradosha vrata">Pradhosam Nonbu</a></i>. It is done during the evening twilight or <i>sandhya kala</i> on the <i><a href="/wiki/Thrayodashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrayodashi">Thrayodashi</a></i> of both lunar fortnights (<i>Shukla</i> and <i>Krishna Paksha</i>). These are the 13th <i><a href="/wiki/Tithi" title="Tithi">tithi</a></i>, or lunar days, from the New Moon (<i>Amavasya</i>) and Full Moon (<i>Poornima</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-b_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-a_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Special abishekam (ritual bathing) for Lord Visveswarar, Lord Visalatchi and Nandi is done and then decorated with <a href="/wiki/Rudraksha" title="Rudraksha">Rudraksha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vibhuti" title="Vibhuti">Vibhuti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aegle_marmelos" title="Aegle marmelos">vilva</a> leaves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aadi_Puja">Aadi Puja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Aadi Puja"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Tamil month of Aadi (July/August) is considered an auspicious one for prayers for Amman. Sangabishegam (conch ceremonial bath) is done in the evenings on every Friday for Mahamariamman and every Tuesday for Vishnu Durga. </p><p>Aaadi Pooram is also celebrated. Ladies would carry pots containing turmeric powder diluted with water as an offering for the abishegam of Mahamariamman. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bhairavar_Pooja">Bhairavar Pooja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bhairavar Pooja"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On every Thei Pirai <a href="/wiki/Ashtami" title="Ashtami">Ashtami</a> which is the 8th day of the fading moon (waning moon), special poojas and homam are conducted for Lord <a href="/wiki/Bhairava" title="Bhairava">Bhairavar</a>. The rituals begin in the evening with the <i>Maha Kala Bhairavar Homam</i>. It is believed that participation in this homam will protect us from evil and black deeds. The homam or the yagna is followed by special abishekam (ritual bathing) for Lord Bhairava. <i>Punuku</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">புனுகு</span>) or <a href="/wiki/Civetone" title="Civetone">Civetone</a> a kind of natural scent is offered to the deity. You can also find deities offering eleven <i>Ellu Deepam</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">எள் விளக்கு</span>) or Seseme light, considered sacred to Lord Bhairavar. At the end, <i>Bitter gourd Rice</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Vada_(food)" title="Vada (food)">Vadai</a></i> is given as <a href="/wiki/Prasad" class="mw-redirect" title="Prasad">Prasadham</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahajana_Sangam" title="Hindu Mahajana Sangam">Hindu Mahajana Sangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Malaysia" title="List of Hindu temples in Malaysia">List of Hindu temples in Malaysia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travel-penang-malaysia.com/sri-mariamman-temple.html">"Sri Mariamman Temple - Oldest Hindu Temple in Penang"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Mariamman+Temple+-+Oldest+Hindu+Temple+in+Penang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travel-penang-malaysia.com%2Fsri-mariamman-temple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100607014223/http://blog.tourism.gov.my/sri-maha-mariamman-penang/">"Sri Maha Mariamman Temple, Penang : Malaysia Footsteps"</a>. nana in History, Islands. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.tourism.gov.my/sri-maha-mariamman-penang/">the original</a> on 7 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Maha+Mariamman+Temple%2C+Penang+%3A+Malaysia+Footsteps&rft.pub=nana+in+History%2C+Islands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.tourism.gov.my%2Fsri-maha-mariamman-penang%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penang.attractionsinmalaysia.com/Sri-Mahamariamman-Temple.php/">"Sri Mahamariamman Temple - Penang - AttractionsinMalaysia"</a>.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penang+Hindu+Endowment+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hebpenang.gov.my%2Fcontent%2Fdisplay%2Farticle%2Fsite%3Ahindu_endowment_board-param%3Aqueenstreet_mariamman_temple-link%3A7652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mmadventure.com/penang-islands/sri-maha-mariamman-temple.htm">"Sri Maha Mariamman Temple Penang"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Maha+Mariamman+Temple+Penang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmmadventure.com%2Fpenang-islands%2Fsri-maha-mariamman-temple.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hebpenang.gov.my/content/display/article/site:hindu_endowment_board-param:queenstreet_mariamman_temple-link:7652">"Penang Hindu Endowment Board"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penang+Hindu+Endowment+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hebpenang.gov.my%2Fcontent%2Fdisplay%2Farticle%2Fsite%3Ahindu_endowment_board-param%3Aqueenstreet_mariamman_temple-link%3A7652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hebpenang.gov.my/content/display/article/site:hindu_endowment_board-param:queenstreet_mariamman_temple-link:7652">"Penang Hindu Endowment Board"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penang+Hindu+Endowment+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hebpenang.gov.my%2Fcontent%2Fdisplay%2Farticle%2Fsite%3Ahindu_endowment_board-param%3Aqueenstreet_mariamman_temple-link%3A7652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span 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color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hebpenang.gov.my/content/display/article/site:hindu_endowment_board-param:queenstreet_mariamman_temple-link:7652">"Penang Hindu Endowment Board"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penang+Hindu+Endowment+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hebpenang.gov.my%2Fcontent%2Fdisplay%2Farticle%2Fsite%3Ahindu_endowment_board-param%3Aqueenstreet_mariamman_temple-link%3A7652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penang+Hindu+Endowment+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hebpenang.gov.my%2Fcontent%2Fdisplay%2Farticle%2Fsite%3Ahindu_endowment_board-param%3Aqueenstreet_mariamman_temple-link%3A7652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Big+faith+at+mini+Thaipusam%2C+The+Star+dated+30+April+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fmetro%2Fcommunity%2F2016%2F04%2F30%2Fbig-faith-at-mini-thaipusam-100000-devotees-throng-streets-as-chariot-returns-to-temple%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/10/14/rm3mil-golden-chariot-to-debut-on-eve-of-thaipusam/">"RM3mil golden chariot to debut on eve of Thaipusam, The Star dated 14 October 2016"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RM3mil+golden+chariot+to+debut+on+eve+of+Thaipusam%2C+The+Star+dated+14+October+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2016%2F10%2F14%2Frm3mil-golden-chariot-to-debut-on-eve-of-thaipusam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/12/20/clash-of-the-chariots-is-on-board-refuses-temples-request-to-change-date-of-its-parade/">"Clash of the chariots is on, The Star dated 20 December 2016"</a>.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle+of+the+chariots%27+in+Penang%2C+The+Star+dated+31+December+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2016%2F12%2F31%2Fbattle-of-the-chariots-in-penang-the-thaipusam-chariot-war-between-the-chettiars-and-the-hindu-endow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/videos/2016/12/31/hindu-groups-clash-over-thaipusam-chariots/">"Hindu groups clash over Thaipusam chariots, The Star dated 31 December 2016"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hindu+groups+clash+over+Thaipusam+chariots%2C+The+Star+dated+31+December+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fvideos%2F2016%2F12%2F31%2Fhindu-groups-clash-over-thaipusam-chariots%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/01/05/two-chariot-processions-so-what-arrangements-made-to-ensure-theres-no-gridlock-or-confusion-on-roads/">"Arrangements made to ensure there's no gridlock or confusion on roads, says board, The Star dated 5 January 2017"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arrangements+made+to+ensure+there%27s+no+gridlock+or+confusion+on+roads%2C+says+board%2C+The+Star+dated+5+January+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2017%2F01%2F05%2Ftwo-chariot-processions-so-what-arrangements-made-to-ensure-theres-no-gridlock-or-confusion-on-roads%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/01/23/vel-sent-for-divine-blessing/">"Vel sent for divine blessing, The Star dated 23 January 2017"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vel+sent+for+divine+blessing%2C+The+Star+dated+23+January+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2017%2F01%2F23%2Fvel-sent-for-divine-blessing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/02/01/trial-run-for-new-golden-chariot-temple-no-roads-will-be-closed-during-twohour-journey-tomorrow/">"Trial run for new golden chariot, The Star dated 1 February 2017"</a>.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Golden+chariot+makes+successful+trial+run%2C+The+Star+dated+2+February+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fvideos%2F2017%2F02%2F02%2Fgolden-chariot-makes-successful-trial-run%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/community/2017/02/03/golden-chariot-trial-run-a-success-majestic-carriage-completes-3km-route-within-two-hours/">"Golden chariot trial run a success, The Star dated 3 February 2017"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Golden+chariot+trial+run+a+success%2C+The+Star+dated+3+February+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fmetro%2Fcommunity%2F2017%2F02%2F03%2Fgolden-chariot-trial-run-a-success-majestic-carriage-completes-3km-route-within-two-hours%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/02/08/downpour-accompany-maiden-journey-of-golden-chariot-for-thaipusam/">"Rain accompanies golden chariot's maiden journey, The Star dated 8 February 2017"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rain+accompanies+golden+chariot%27s+maiden+journey%2C+The+Star+dated+8+February+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2017%2F02%2F08%2Fdownpour-accompany-maiden-journey-of-golden-chariot-for-thaipusam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Mahamariamman+Temple%2C+Penang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-State_manual-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-State_manual_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Aiya">Aiya V. 1906</a>, p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-b_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">pp. 86–87, <i>Fasts and Festivals of India</i>, Manish Verma, Diamond Pocket Books, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7182-076-X" title="Special:BookSources/81-7182-076-X">81-7182-076-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">pp. 60–61, <i>Hindu Fasts & Festivals</i>, Sri Swami Sivananda, Uttar Pradesh: The Divine Life Society, 8th ed., 1997.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mahamariamman_Temple,_Penang" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mahamariamman Temple, Penang">Mahamariamman Temple, Penang</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_George_Town.svg/30px-Seal_of_George_Town.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_George_Town.svg/40px-Seal_of_George_Town.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="427" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">Places of worship</a> in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mosques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapitan_Keling_Mosque" title="Kapitan Keling Mosque">Kapitan Keling Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebuh_Aceh_Mosque" title="Lebuh Aceh Mosque">Lebuh Aceh Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Floating_Mosque" title="Penang Floating Mosque">Penang Floating Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Mosque" title="Penang State Mosque">Penang State Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buddhist temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhammikarama_Burmese_Temple" title="Dhammikarama Burmese Temple">Dhammikarama Burmese Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_of_Mercy_Temple" title="Goddess of Mercy Temple">Goddess of Mercy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kek_Lok_Si" title="Kek Lok Si">Kek Lok Si</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahindarama_Buddhist_Temple" title="Mahindarama Buddhist Temple">Mahindarama Buddhist Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibbinda_Forest_Monastery" title="Nibbinda Forest Monastery">Nibbinda Forest Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat_Buppharam,_Penang" title="Wat Buppharam, Penang">Wat Buppharam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat_Chayamangkalaram" title="Wat Chayamangkalaram">Wat Chayamangkalaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taoist temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thean_Kong_Thnuah_Temple" title="Thean Kong Thnuah Temple">Jade Emperor's Pavilion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hindu temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balathandayuthapani_Temple" title="Balathandayuthapani Temple">Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arulmigu Sri Mahamariamman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nattukkottai_Chettiar_Temple,_Penang" title="Nattukkottai Chettiar Temple, Penang">Nattukkottai Chettiar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Kunj_Bihari_Temple" title="Sri Kunj Bihari Temple">Sri Kunj Bihari Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Assumption_(Penang)" title="Church of the Assumption (Penang)">Church of the Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Divine_Mercy,_Penang" title="Church of Divine Mercy, Penang">Church of Divine Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Penang" title="Church of the Immaculate Conception, Penang">Church of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Risen_Christ,_Penang" title="Church of the Risen Christ, Penang">Church of the Risen Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_Cathedral,_Penang" title="Holy Spirit Cathedral, Penang">Holy Spirit Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Church,_Penang" title="St. George's Church, Penang">St. George's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Methodist_Church_Penang" title="Wesley Methodist Church Penang">Wesley Methodist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multifaith sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Snake_Temple" title="Snake Temple">Snake Temple</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_temples_in_Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_temples_in_Malaysia" title="Template:Hindu temples in Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_temples_in_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Hindu temples in Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_temples_in_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu temples in Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_temples_in_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temples</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Penang</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balathandayuthapani_Temple" title="Balathandayuthapani Temple">Balathandayuthapani Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karumariamman_Temple,_Penang" title="Karumariamman Temple, Penang">Karumariamman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalan_Baru_Sri_Muniswarar_Temple" title="Jalan Baru Sri Muniswarar Temple">Jalan Baru Sri Muniswarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nattukkottai_Chettiar_Temple,_Penang" title="Nattukkottai Chettiar Temple, Penang">Nattukkottai Chettiar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Maha_Mariamman_Devasthanam_Temple,_Butterworth" title="Sree Maha Mariamman Devasthanam Temple, Butterworth">Sree Maha Mariamman Devasthanam Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Kunj_Bihari_Temple" title="Sri Kunj Bihari Temple">Sri Kunj Bihari Temple</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sri Mahamariamman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sithi_Vinayagar_Temple" title="Sri Sithi Vinayagar Temple">Sri Sithi Vinayagar Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Selangor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Caves" title="Batu Caves">Batu Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Caves_Murugan_Statue" title="Batu Caves Murugan Statue">Batu Caves Murugan Statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sundararaja_Perumal_Temple" title="Sri Sundararaja Perumal Temple">Sri Sundararaja Perumal Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Federal Territory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Kandaswamy_Kovil,_Brickfields" title="Sri Kandaswamy Kovil, Brickfields">Sri Kandaswamy Kovil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Kuala_Lumpur" title="Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Kuala Lumpur">Sri Mahamariamman Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Perak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arulmigu_Maha_Muthu_Mariamman_Thevasthanam" title="Arulmigu Maha Muthu Mariamman Thevasthanam">Arulmigu Maha Muthu Mariamman Thevasthanam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Johor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arulmigu_Sri_Rajakaliamman_Glass_Temple" title="Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Glass Temple">Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Glass Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Malacca</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Poyatha_Moorthi_Temple" title="Sri Poyatha Moorthi Temple">Sri Poyatha Moorthi Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Pahang</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Marathandavar_Bala_Dhandayuthapani_Alayam" title="Sri Marathandavar Bala Dhandayuthapani Alayam">Sri Marathandavar Bala Dhandayuthapani Alayam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_buildings,_memorials,_monuments_and_sites_in_Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malaysian_historical_architectures_and_sites" title="Template:Malaysian historical architectures and sites"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malaysian_historical_architectures_and_sites" title="Template talk:Malaysian historical architectures and sites"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysian_historical_architectures_and_sites" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysian historical architectures and sites"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_buildings,_memorials,_monuments_and_sites_in_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical buildings, memorials, monuments and sites in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="West_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/West_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="West Malaysia">West Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arulmigu_Sri_Rajakaliamman_Glass_Temple" title="Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Glass Temple">Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Glass Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_(Johor)" title="Church of the Immaculate Conception (Johor)">Church of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dato%27_Bentara_Luar_Mosque" title="Dato' Bentara Luar Mosque">Dato' Bentara Luar Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istana_Besar" title="Istana Besar">Istana Besar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istana_Bukit_Serene" title="Istana Bukit Serene">Istana Bukit Serene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Bahru railway station">Johor Bahru railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Old_Chinese_Temple" title="Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple">Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Pisang_Lighthouse" title="Pulau Pisang Lighthouse">Pulau Pisang Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque" title="Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque">Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ibrahim_Jamek_Mosque" title="Sultan Ibrahim Jamek Mosque">Sultan Ibrahim Jamek Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ibrahim_Building" title="Sultan Ibrahim Building">Sultan Ibrahim Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital" title="Sultanah Aminah Hospital">Sultanah Aminah Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanah_Fatimah_Specialist_Hospital" title="Sultanah Fatimah Specialist Hospital">Sultanah Fatimah Specialist Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_State_Art_Gallery" title="Kedah State Art Gallery">Kedah State Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahir_Mosque" title="Zahir Mosque">Zahir Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abdul_Halim_Mu%27adzam_Shah_Gallery" title="Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah Gallery">Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Petani_clock_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Petani clock tower">Sungai Petani clock tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istana_Batu_Royal_Museum" title="Istana Batu Royal Museum">Istana Batu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istana_Jahar" title="Istana Jahar">Istana Jahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Laut_Mosque" title="Kampung Laut Mosque">Kampung Laut Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Maha_Vihara,_Brickfields" title="Buddhist Maha Vihara, Brickfields">Buddhist Maha Vihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coliseum_Theatre_(Kuala_Lumpur)" title="Coliseum Theatre (Kuala Lumpur)">Coliseum Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panggung_Bandaraya_DBKL" title="Panggung Bandaraya DBKL">DBKL City Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Majestic_(Kuala_Lumpur)" title="Hotel Majestic (Kuala Lumpur)">Hotel Majestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamek_Mosque" title="Jamek Mosque">Masjid Jamek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_railway_station" title="Kuala Lumpur railway station">Kuala Lumpur railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Rubber_Building" title="Lee Rubber Building">Lee Rubber Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mosque_of_Malaysia" title="National Mosque of Malaysia">National Mosque of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Textile_Museum" title="National Textile Museum">National Textile Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Market,_Kuala_Lumpur" title="Central Market, Kuala Lumpur">Pasar Seni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin_Sze_Si_Ya_Temple" title="Sin Sze Si Ya Temple">Sin Sze Si Ya Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Kandaswamy_Kovil,_Brickfields" title="Sri Kandaswamy Kovil, Brickfields">Sri Kandaswamy Kovil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple,_Kuala_Lumpur" title="Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Kuala Lumpur">Sri Mahamariamman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abdul_Samad_Building" title="Sultan Abdul Samad Building">Sultan Abdul Samad Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Cathedral_(Kuala_Lumpur)" title="St. John's Cathedral (Kuala Lumpur)">St. John's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Kuala_Lumpur" title="St. Mary's Cathedral, Kuala Lumpur">St. Mary's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Institution" title="Victoria Institution">Victoria Institution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Hoon_Teng_Temple" title="Cheng Hoon Teng Temple">Cheng Hoon Teng Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Malacca" title="Christ Church, Malacca">Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Francis_Xavier_(Melaka)" title="Church of St. Francis Xavier (Melaka)">Church of St. Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Rachado_Lighthouse" title="Cape Rachado Lighthouse">Cape Rachado Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress of Malacca">Fortress of Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Hulu_Mosque" title="Kampung Hulu Mosque">Kampung Hulu Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Kling_Mosque" title="Kampung Kling Mosque">Kampung Kling Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_and_Islamic_World_Museum" title="Malay and Islamic World Museum">Malay and Islamic World Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Architecture_Museum" title="Malaysia Architecture Museum">Malaysia Architecture Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Youth_Museum" title="Malaysia Youth Museum">Malaysia Youth Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middelburg_Bastion" title="Middelburg Bastion">Middelburg Bastion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poh_San_Teng_Temple" title="Poh San Teng Temple">Poh San Teng Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Independence_Memorial" title="Proclamation of Independence Memorial">Proclamation of Independence Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadthuys" title="Stadthuys">Stadthuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Fort" title="St. John's Fort">St. John's Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Paul,_Malacca" title="Church of Saint Paul, Malacca">St. Paul's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Church_(Melaka)" title="St. Peter's Church (Melaka)">St. Peter's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_Chinese_Jewellery_Museum" title="Straits Chinese Jewellery Museum">Straits Chinese Jewellery Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Poyatha_Moorthi_Temple" title="Sri Poyatha Moorthi Temple">Sri Poyatha Moorthi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Methodist_Church" title="Tamil Methodist Church">Tamil Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranquerah_Mosque" title="Tranquerah Mosque">Tranquerah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undan_Island_Lighthouse" title="Undan Island Lighthouse">Undan Island Lighthouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istana_Ampang_Tinggi" title="Istana Ampang Tinggi">Istana Ampang Tinggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istana_Seri_Menanti" title="Istana Seri Menanti">Istana Seri Menanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seremban_Komuter_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Seremban Komuter station">Seremban railway station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Church,_Cameron_Highlands" title="All Souls' Church, Cameron Highlands">All Souls' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Marathandavar_Bala_Dhandayuthapani_Alayam" title="Sri Marathandavar Bala Dhandayuthapani Alayam">Sri Marathandavar Bala Dhandayuthapani Alayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_Museum" title="Sultan Abu Bakar Museum">Sultan Abu Bakar Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arulmigu_Balathandayuthapani_Temple,_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple, Penang">Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China_Building_(Penang)" title="Bank of China Building (Penang)">Bank of China Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cenotaph,_Penang" title="The Cenotaph, Penang">Cenotaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Risen_Christ,_Penang" title="Church of the Risen Christ, Penang">Church of the Risen Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_George_Town" title="City Hall, George Town">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheong_Fatt_Tze_Mansion" title="Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion">Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Assumption_(Penang)" title="Church of the Assumption (Penang)">Church of the Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Penang" title="Church of the Immaculate Conception, Penang">Church of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhammikarama_Burmese_Temple" title="Dhammikarama Burmese Temple">Dhammikarama Burmese Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_%26_Oriental_Hotel" title="Eastern & Oriental Hotel">Eastern & Oriental Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foo_Tye_Sin_Mansion" title="Foo Tye Sin Mansion">Foo Tye Sin Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Cornwallis" title="Fort Cornwallis">Fort Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Cornwallis_Lighthouse" title="Fort Cornwallis Lighthouse">Fort Cornwallis Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_of_Mercy_Temple" title="Goddess of Mercy Temple">Goddess of Mercy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hin_Bus_Depot" title="Hin Bus Depot">Hin Bus Depot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_Cathedral,_Penang" title="Holy Spirit Cathedral, Penang">Holy Spirit Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Building_(Penang)" title="HSBC Building (Penang)">HSBC Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_House,_Penang" title="India House, Penang">India House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_Emperor_God_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Jade Emperor God Temple">Jade Emperor God Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalan_Baru_Sri_Muniswarar_Temple" title="Jalan Baru Sri Muniswarar Temple">Jalan Baru Sri Muniswarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Clock_Tower" title="Jubilee Clock Tower">Jubilee Clock Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapitan_Keling_Mosque" title="Kapitan Keling Mosque">Kapitan Keling Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kek_Lok_Si" title="Kek Lok Si">Kek Lok Si</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoo_Kongsi" title="Khoo Kongsi">Khoo Kongsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebuh_Aceh_Mosque" title="Lebuh Aceh Mosque">Lebuh Aceh Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahindarama_Buddhist_Temple" title="Mahindarama Buddhist Temple">Mahindarama Buddhist Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nattukkottai_Chettiar_Temple,_Penang" title="Nattukkottai Chettiar Temple, Penang">Nattukkottai Chettiar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCBC_Building_(Penang)" title="OCBC Building (Penang)">OCBC Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_High_Court" title="Penang High Court">Penang High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Islamic_Department_Building" title="Penang Islamic Department Building">Penang Islamic Department Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Islamic_Museum" title="Penang Islamic Museum">Penang Islamic Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Masonic_Temple" title="Penang Masonic Temple">Penang Masonic Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Assembly_Building" title="Penang State Assembly Building">Penang State Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinang_Peranakan_Mansion" title="Pinang Peranakan Mansion">Pinang Peranakan Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Hall,_Penang" title="Town Hall, Penang">Penang Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Residency,_Penang" title="The Residency, Penang">Seri Mutiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thean_Kong_Thnuah_Temple" title="Thean Kong Thnuah Temple">Thean Kong Thnuah Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Temple" title="Snake Temple">Snake Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seri_Teratai" title="Seri Teratai">Seri Teratai</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sri Mahamariamman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Anne%27s_Church,_Bukit_Mertajam" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Anne's Church, Bukit Mertajam">St. Anne's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Church,_Penang" title="St. George's Church, Penang">St. George's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_House,_Penang" title="Suffolk House, Penang">Suffolk House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Itam_War_Memorial_Park" title="Ayer Itam War Memorial Park">War Memorial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat_Buppharam,_Penang" title="Wat Buppharam, Penang">Wat Buppharam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat_Chayamangkalaram" title="Wat Chayamangkalaram">Wat Chayamangkalaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodville,_Penang" title="Woodville, Penang">Woodville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghufran_Royal_Mausoleum" title="Al-Ghufran Royal Mausoleum">Al-Ghufran Royal Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_Taiping" title="All Saints' Church, Taiping">All Saints' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Anthony%27s_Church,_Teluk_Intan" title="St. Anthony's Church, Teluk Intan">Church of St. Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Fort" title="Dutch Fort">Dutch Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipoh_railway_station" title="Ipoh railway station">Ipoh railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellie%27s_Castle" title="Kellie's Castle">Kellie's Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaning_Tower_of_Teluk_Intan" title="Leaning Tower of Teluk Intan">Leaning Tower of Teluk Intan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panglima_Kinta_Mosque" title="Panglima Kinta Mosque">Panglima Kinta Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_State_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Perak State Museum">Perak State Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Poh_Tong_Temple" title="Sam Poh Tong Temple">Sam Poh Tong Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_Hospital" title="Taiping Hospital">Taiping Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubudiah_Mosque" title="Ubudiah Mosque">Ubudiah Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alwi_Mosque" title="Alwi Mosque">Alwi Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaeddin_Mosque_(Jugra,_Malaysia)" title="Alaeddin Mosque (Jugra, Malaysia)">Alaeddin Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Klang" title="Church of Our Lady of Lourdes Klang">Church of Our Lady of Lourdes Klang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatter%27s_Castle_(building)" title="Hatter's Castle (building)">Hatter's Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istana_Bandar" title="Istana Bandar">Istana Bandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Fathom_Bank_Lighthouse" title="One Fathom Bank Lighthouse">One Fathom Bank Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sunderaraja_Perumal_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Sunderaraja Perumal Temple">Sri Sunderaraja Perumal Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sithi_Vinayagar_Temple" title="Sri Sithi Vinayagar Temple">Sri Sithi Vinayagar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Sulaiman_Mosque" title="Sultan Sulaiman Mosque">Sultan Sulaiman Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abdul_Aziz_Royal_Gallery" title="Sultan Abdul Aziz Royal Gallery">Sultan Abdul Aziz Royal Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat_Chetawan" title="Wat Chetawan">Wat Chetawan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abidin_Mosque" title="Abidin Mosque">Abidin Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duyong_Old_Fort" title="Duyong Old Fort">Duyong Old Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Ann_Kiong_Temple" title="Ho Ann Kiong Temple">Ho Ann Kiong Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istana_Maziah" title="Istana Maziah">Istana Maziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumah_Warisan_Haji_Su" title="Rumah Warisan Haji Su">Rumah Warisan Haji Su</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Hou_Gong_Temple" title="Tian Hou Gong Temple">Tian Hou Gong Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorials<br />and monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makam_Al-Ghufran" class="mw-redirect" title="Makam Al-Ghufran">Al-Ghufran Royal Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_Memorial_Clock_Tower" title="Birch Memorial Clock Tower">Birch Memorial Clock Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenotaph,_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="Cenotaph, Penang">Cenotaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheras_War_Cemetery" title="Cheras War Cemetery">Cheras War Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Jebat_Mausoleum" title="Hang Jebat Mausoleum">Hang Jebat Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Li_Poh%27s_Well" title="Hang Li Poh's Well">Hang Li Poh's Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Tuah%27s_Well" title="Hang Tuah's Well">Hang Tuah's Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makam_Pahlawan" title="Makam Pahlawan">Heroes' Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Royal_Mausoleum" title="Kedah Royal Mausoleum">Kedah Royal Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_Royal_Mausoleum" title="Kelantan Royal Mausoleum">Kelantan Royal Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugu_Keris" title="Tugu Keris">Kris Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Klawang_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuala Klawang Memorial">Kuala Klawang Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Murugan_Statue" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Murugan Statue">Lord Murugan Statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makam_Mahmoodiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Makam Mahmoodiah">Mahmoodiah Royal Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaka_Warrior_Monument" title="Melaka Warrior Monument">Melaka Warrior Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makam_Sultan_Abdul_Samad" class="mw-redirect" title="Makam Sultan Abdul Samad">Sultan Abdul Samad Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makam_Sultan_Mahmud_Mangkat_Dijulang" class="mw-redirect" title="Makam Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Dijulang">Tomb of Sultan Mahmud Shah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Monument_(Malaysia)" title="Millennium Monument (Malaysia)">Millennium Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Monument_(Malaysia)" title="National Monument (Malaysia)">National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Protestant_Cemetery,_George_Town" title="Old Protestant Cemetery, George Town">Old Protestant Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Old_Royal_Mausoleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahang Old Royal Mausoleum">Pahang Old Royal Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seri_Menanti_Royal_Mausoleum" title="Seri Menanti Royal Mausoleum">Seri Menanti Royal Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_War_Cemetery" title="Taiping War Cemetery">Taiping War Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historic_site" title="Historic site">Site</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Caves" title="Batu Caves">Batu Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_Well" title="Batu Pahat Well">Batu Pahat Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasik_Biru_Seri_Kundang" title="Tasik Biru Seri Kundang">Biru Seri Kundang Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bujang_Valley" title="Bujang Valley">Bujang Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Melawati" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukit Melawati">Bukit Melawati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Kuala_Terengganu" title="Chinatown, Kuala Terengganu">Chinatown (Kuala Terengganu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Cina" title="Bukit Cina">Chinese Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillemard_Bridge" title="Guillemard Bridge">Guillemard Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Ngah_Ibrahim" title="Kota Ngah Ibrahim">Fort of Ngah Ibrahim's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Buruk" title="Kota Buruk">Fort of Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biawak_Busuk" title="Biawak Busuk">Fort of Smelly Monitor Lizard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Square_(Kuala_Lumpur)" title="Independence Square (Kuala Lumpur)">Independence Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenggong" title="Lenggong">Lenggong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukut_Fort_and_Museum" title="Lukut Fort and Museum">Lukut Fort and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markets_of_Taiping,_Perak" title="Markets of Taiping, Perak">Markets of Taiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_General_Hospital" title="Malacca General Hospital">Malacca General Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morib" title="Morib">Morib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Botanic_Gardens" title="Penang Botanic Gardens">Penang Botanic Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Puteri" title="Bukit Puteri">Princess Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Hill" title="St. Paul's Hill">St. Paul's Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abdul_Halim_Hospital" title="Sultan Abdul Halim Hospital">Sultan Abdul Halim Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Bridge,_Malaysia" title="Victoria Bridge, Malaysia">Victoria Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambun_rock_art" title="Tambun rock art">Tambun rock art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Tualang_Tin_Dredge_No._5" title="Tanjung Tualang Tin Dredge No. 5">Tanjung Tualang Tin Dredge No. 5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="East_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Labuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_Museum" title="Chimney Museum">Labuan Chimney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labuan_Clock_Tower" title="Labuan Clock Tower">Labuan Clock Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Keith_House" title="Agnes Keith House">Agnes Keith House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atkinson_Clock_Tower" title="Atkinson Clock Tower">Atkinson Clock Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Tinagat_Lighthouse" title="Batu Tinagat Lighthouse">Batu Tinagat Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesselton_Freemason_Hall" title="Jesselton Freemason Hall">Jesselton Freemason Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesselton_Hotel" title="Jesselton Hotel">Jesselton Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keningau_Heritage_Museum" title="Keningau Heritage Museum">Keningau Heritage Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinarut_Mansion" title="Kinarut Mansion">Kinarut Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melalap_railway_station" title="Melalap railway station">Melalap railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Tourism_Board" title="Sabah Tourism Board">Sabah Tourism Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral,_Kota_Kinabalu" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral, Kota Kinabalu">Sacred Heart Cathedral, Kota Kinabalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Sing_Kung_Temple" title="Sam Sing Kung Temple">Sam Sing Kung Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandakan_Heritage_Museum" title="Sandakan Heritage Museum">Sandakan Heritage Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandakan_Jamek_Mosque" title="Sandakan Jamek Mosque">Sandakan Jamek Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Penampang" title="St. Michael's Church, Penampang">St. Michael's Church, Penampang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_and_All_Angels_Church,_Sandakan" title="St. Michael's and All Angels Church, Sandakan">St. Michael's and All Angels Church, Sandakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawau_Bell_Tower" title="Tawau Bell Tower">Tawau Bell Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_History_Museum" title="Chinese History Museum">Chinese History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ching_San_Yen_Temple" title="Ching San Yen Temple">Ching San Yen Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Alice" title="Fort Alice">Fort Alice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hose" title="Fort Hose">Fort Hose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Margherita" title="Fort Margherita">Fort Margherita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sylvia" title="Fort Sylvia">Fort Sylvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_San_Si_Temple" title="Hong San Si Temple">Hong San Si Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Heritage_Museum" title="Islamic Heritage Museum">Islamic Heritage Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuching_Old_Courthouse" title="Kuching Old Courthouse">Kuching Old Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral,_Sibu" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral, Sibu">Sacred Heart Cathedral, Sibu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_State_Museum" title="Sarawak State Museum">Sarawak State Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Tower_(Sarawak)" title="Square Tower (Sarawak)">Square Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astana,_Sarawak" title="The Astana, Sarawak">The Astana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tua_Pek_Kong_Temple,_Kuching" title="Tua Pek Kong Temple, Kuching">Tua Pek Kong Temple, Kuching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tua_Pek_Kong_Temple,_Miri" title="Tua Pek Kong Temple, Miri">Tua Pek Kong Temple, Miri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tua_Pek_Kong_Temple,_Sibu" title="Tua Pek Kong Temple, Sibu">Tua Pek Kong Temple, Sibu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorials<br />and monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Simpang_Mengayau" title="Tanjung Simpang Mengayau">Bronze Globe of Tanjung Simpang Mengayau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Memorial" title="Brooke Memorial">Brooke Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Company_Monument" title="Chartered Company Monument">Chartered Company Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cho_Huan_Lai_Memorial" title="Cho Huan Lai Memorial">Cho Huan Lai Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Fontaine_Memorial" title="De Fontaine Memorial">De Fontaine Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Six_Monument" title="Double Six Monument">Double Six Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunner_Cleary_Memorial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunner Cleary Memorial (page does not exist)">Gunner Cleary Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keningau_Oath_Stone" title="Keningau Oath Stone">Keningau Oath Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuching_Heroes%27_Cemetery" title="Kuching Heroes' Cemetery">Kuching Heroes' Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundasang_War_Memorial" title="Kundasang War Memorial">Kundasang War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labuan_War_Cemetery" title="Labuan War Cemetery">Labuan War Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_POW_Camp_Memorial" title="Last POW Camp Memorial">Last POW Camp Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Monument" title="Malaysia Monument">Malaysia Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mat_Salleh_Memorial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mat Salleh Memorial (page does not exist)">Mat Salleh Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_War_Monument" title="North Borneo War Monument">North Borneo War Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petagas_War_Memorial" title="Petagas War Memorial">Petagas War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quailey%27s_Hill_Memorial" title="Quailey's Hill Memorial">Quailey's Hill Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafflesia_Monument&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rafflesia Monument (page does not exist)">Rafflesia Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandakan_Heritage_Trail" title="Sandakan Heritage Trail">Sandakan Heritage Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandakan_Japanese_Cemetery" title="Sandakan Japanese Cemetery">Sandakan Japanese Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandakan_Massacre_Memorial" title="Sandakan Massacre Memorial">Sandakan Massacre Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandakan_Memorial_Park" title="Sandakan Memorial Park">Sandakan Memorial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandakan_War_Monument" title="Sandakan War Monument">Sandakan War Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starcevich_Monument" title="Starcevich Monument">Starcevich Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawau_Japanese_War_Memorial" title="Tawau Japanese War Memorial">Tawau Japanese War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tun_Datu_Mustapha_Memorial" title="Tun Datu Mustapha Memorial">Tun Datu Mustapha Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pryer_Monument" title="William Pryer Monument">William Pryer Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historic_site" title="Historic site">Site</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agop_Batu_Tulug_Caves" title="Agop Batu Tulug Caves">Agop Batu Tulug Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Batu_Lawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukit Batu Lawi">Batu Lawi Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buloh_Kasap_Bridge" title="Buloh Kasap Bridge">Buloh Kasap Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Lintang_camp" title="Batu Lintang camp">Batu Lintang camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Kuching" title="Chinatown, Kuching">Chinatown, Kuching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchess_of_Kent_Hospital" title="Duchess of Kent Hospital">Duchess of Kent Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaya_Street,_Kota_Kinabalu" title="Gaya Street, Kota Kinabalu">Gaya Street, Kota Kinabalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumuyu_Petroglyphs" title="Lumuyu Petroglyphs">Lumuyu Petroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madai_Cave" title="Madai Cave">Madai Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merdeka_Square,_Kota_Kinabalu" title="Merdeka Square, Kota Kinabalu">Merdeka Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunuk_Ragang" title="Nunuk Ragang">Nunuk Ragang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_Museum_(Malaysia)" title="Petroleum Museum (Malaysia)">Petroleum Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogunon_Community_Museum" title="Pogunon Community Museum">Pogunon Community Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital,_Kota_Kinabalu" title="Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu">Queen Elizabeth Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandakan_camp" title="Sandakan camp">Sandakan camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_General_Hospital" title="Sarawak General Hospital">Sarawak General Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skull_Hill,_Malaysia" title="Skull Hill, Malaysia">Skull Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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