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သတ္တုစပ် - ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား

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href="https://my-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Wooduv_kov.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wooduv_kov.jpg/220px-Wooduv_kov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wooduv_kov.jpg/330px-Wooduv_kov.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wooduv_kov.jpg/440px-Wooduv_kov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="329"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://my-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wood's_metal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wood's metal (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">Wood's metal</a>, a <a href="https://my-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eutectic&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Eutectic (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">eutectic</a>, low melting point alloy of <a href="https://my-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bismuth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth">bismuth</a>, <a href="https://my-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lead&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lead (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">lead</a>, <a href="https://my-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin">tin</a>, and <a href="https://my-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cadmium?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium">cadmium</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>လူတို့အသုံးများသောသတ္တုများပင်လျှင် ပစ္စည်းသန့်သန့်အနေဖြင့်များစွာအ သုံးမဝင်လှသဖြင့် အနည်းအကျဉ်းလောက်ကိုသာ သန့်သန့်အတိုင်းအသုံးချကြ၏။ သို့ရာတွင်သတ္တုတစ်ခုခုသည် အခြားသတ္တုတစ်ခုနှင့်ဖြစ်စေ၊ အများနှင့်ဖြစ်စေ၊ ရောစပ်လိုက်ရာမှ ဖြစ်ပေါ်လာသော ပစ္စည်းသစ်သည် ထူးကဲသောဂုဏ်သတ္တိများနှင့် ပြည့်စုံ၍ ပစ္စည်းသန့်သန့်ထက်ပင် ပိုမိုအသုံးဝင်တတ်သည်ကိုတွေ့ရလေ သည်။ ထိုကဲ့သို့ရောစပ်၍ရသောပစ္စည်းသစ်ကို သတ္တုစပ်ဟုခေါ်၏။ သတ္တုစပ်အမျိုးပေါင်းမှာ ယခုအခါအလွန်များပြားနေပြီ ဖြစ်သည်။ စက်မှုလုပ်ငန်းကြီး များသည်လည်း ထိုသတ္တုစပ်များကြောင့်ပင် လျှင်များစွာ တိုးတက်ကြီးပွားလာလေသည်။ သံကိုလူတိုင်းသိကြ၏။</p> <p>သံသည်သတ္တုများတွင်အသုံးဝင်ဆုံးသောသတ္တုတစ်ခုဖြစ်၏။ သို့သော်သံချည်းသက်သက်နှင့်လုပ်ထားသောဓားသည်ပျော့၍ အသုံးမဝင်လှချေ။ သံကိုကာဗွန်ရာခိုင်နှုန်းတစ်လောက် နှင့်ရောစပ်လိုက်သောအခါသံမဏိခေါ် သတ္တုစပ်ဖြစ်လာ၍ ထိုသံမဏိသည်သံချည်းသက်သက်ထက်မည်မျှ အရေးပါအရာရောက်သည်ကိုလူတိုင်းပင်ကောင်းစွာ သိကြပေသည်။ သို့သော်သံနှင့်ရောစပ်ရာတွင် ကာဗွန် ရာခိုင်နှုန်းများသွားပါကလည်းဆတ်၍ကြွေလွယ်ပဲ့လွယ် ဖြစ်တတ်သည်။ ထိုကြောင့်သံမဏိကောင်းရနိုင်ရေး အတွက်သံကိုကာဗွန်နှင့်ရောစပ်သောအခါ ကာဗွန်ရာခိုင်နှုန်းကို အပိုအလိုမဖြစ်စေဘဲ အံကိုက်ဖြစ်ရုံ အချိုးမှန်မှန်ရောစပ်ရန် လိုလေသည်။</p> <p>သံချေးမတက် အစွန်းမထင်နိုင်သော အစွန်းခံ သတ္တုစပ်များပြုလုပ်ရာ၌ ကရိုမီယမ်သတ္တုသည် အရေးပါ အရာရောက်ဆုံးသောသတ္တုတစ်ခုဖြစ်၏။ သံချေးတက်၍သော်လည်းကောင်း၊ သံချေးစား၍သော်လည်းကောင်း၊ သံနှင့် သံမဏိများသည် တစ်နှစ်၊ တစ်နှစ်လျှင်တန်ချိန်ပေါင်း များစွာပျက်စီးခဲ့ရလေသည်။ သို့သော်သံနှင့်သံမဏိများကို ကရိုမီယမ်၊ သို့မဟုတ်နစ်ကယ်ရောထားသော ကရိုမီယမ်နှင့် ရောစပ်လိုက်သောအခါ အလွန်အဖိုးတန်သောသတ္တုစပ်တစ်ခု ဖြစ်လာ၍ သံချေးတက်ခြင်း၊ သံချေးစားခြင်း၊အက်ဆစ်စားခြင်း တို့ကို အလွန်ခံနိုင်ရည်ရှိ လေသည်။ ဤသို့ထူးကဲသော ဂုဏ်သတ္တိရှိသောကြောင့် သားလှီးဓားများ၊ ဂေါက်သီးရိုက်တံ ထိပ်ဖျားများ၊ တံခါးလက်ကိုင်ဖုများ၊ ကလောင်သွားများ၊ ရေသို့မဟုတ် လေရဟတ်သွားများ၊ခြောက်လုံးပူးနှင့်ရိုင်ဖယ် သေနတ်အစိတ်အပိုင်းများ၊ငါးမျှားတံများ၊နာရီအိမ်များ၊ မျက်မှန်ပေါင်မျက်မှန်ကိုင်းများနှင့် အခြား အလားတူ ပစ္စည်းများကိုဤသတ္တုစပ်များဖြင့်ပြုလုပ်ကြလေသည်။ နစ်ကယ်နှင့်ကရိုမီယမ်သတ္တုနှစ်မျိုးကိုရောစပ်ထားသော သတ္တုစပ်သည်အလွန်ပြင်းသောအပူဒဏ် ကိုခံနိုင်ရည်ရှိ၏။ မည်မျှပူပြင်းသော်လည်းအလွယ်တကူနှင့်မလောင်ကျွမ်းနိုင်ချေ။</p> <p>ထိုကြောင့်အီလက် ထရစ်ရေးယေတာခေါ် လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်ဖြင့်အပူငွေ့ပေးသော အပူငွေ့ပေးဓာတ်မီးဖိုများ အတွင်းရှိ အလွန် သေးငယ်သော နန်းကြိုးကိုဤသတ္တုစပ်ဖြင့် ပြုလုပ်ကြလေသည်။ ထိုနန်းကြိုးကလေးတွင်လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ် ကိုဖြတ်စေလိုက်သောအခါနီရဲလာ၏။ သို့သော်လည်း ထိုနန်းကြိုးကလေးသည် လောင်ကျွမ်းသွားခြင်း မရှိချေ။ သတ္တုနှစ်ခု၊ သို့မဟုတ် နှစ်ခုထက်ပို၍ ရောစပ်ထားသောသတ္တုစပ်သည်နဂိုသတ္တုသန့်သန့်တို့ထက် ပိုမိုအသုံးဝင်ကြောင်းကိုရှေးမဆွကပင်သိရှိခဲ့ကြ၏။ ပုံပမာ· ကောပါး (ကြေးနီ)သတ္တုသန့်သန့်သည် အရာရာတိုင်းတွင် အသုံးပြုရန် များစွာမသင့်လျော်လှသော်လည်း ဇင့် (သွပ်)နှင့် ရောစပ်၍ကြေးဝါသတ္တုစပ် ဖြစ်လာသောအခါ ကြေးနီထက်မာ၍ အလွယ်တကူနှင့်အရောင်မှိန်မသွားနိုင်ချေ။ ရွေွှစင် ငွေစင်တို့သည်နဂို အနေအထားအားဖြင့် အလွန်ပျော့၍ ပွန်းပဲ့လွယ်၏။ သို့သော် အခြားသတ္တုများနှင့် အချိုးအမျိုးမျိုးနှင့်ရောစပ်သောအခါ မူလကထက်မာလာလေသည်။ ပုံပမာ·ကျပ်သုံး ဒင်္ဂါးတွင်ငွေစစ်စစ် ၉ .၂၅ နှင့်ကြေးနီ ဝ.၇၅ တို့ကိုရောစပ်ထားသောကြောင့် အသံသာ၏။ မာ၏။ လွယ်လွယ်နှင့်လည်းမပွန်းပဲ့နိုင်ချေ။</p> <p>အလွန်အဖိုးတန်သောသတ္တုစပ်များကို ရှာကြံလုပ်ကိုင်ခဲ့ရာတွင် အလျူမီနီယမ်သတ္တုစပ်သည်များစွာ အသုံးဝင်သည်ကိုတွေ့ရလေသည်။ အထင်ရှားဆုံးသော အလျူမီနီယမ်သတ္တုရောမှာ ဒျူရာလျူမင်ပင်ဖြစ် သည်။ ဒျူရာလျူမင်တွင်အလျူမီနီယမ်နှင့်ကော့ပါး(ကြေးနီ)အပြင် မန်ဂနိနှင့်မက်ဂနီဇီယမ်အနည်းငယ် အချိုးကျရောနှော ပါဝင်လျက်ရှိသည်။ ဤသတ္တုစပ်သည်အလွန်ပေါ့ပါး၍ ခိုင်မာသောကြောင့်လေယာဉ်ပျံများတည်ဆောက်ရာတွင် များစွာအသုံးပြုကြရလေသည်။ ဤသတ္တုစပ်၏ထူးခြားချက် တစ်ရပ်မှာ ပူလာသောအခါ သတ္တိပို၍ပင်ကောင်းလာသေးသော အချက်ဖြစ်သည်။ ထိုကြောင့်အပူကိုခံနိုင်ရည်ရှိရမည့်စက် များလုပ်ကိုင်ကြရာတွင် ဤသတ္တုစပ်ကိုအသုံးပြုကြသည်။ ယင်းသတ္တုစပ်ကိုအခြေပြု၍အခြားအလျူမီနီယမ် သတ္တုစပ်များတစ်စတစ်စဖြစ်ပေါ်လာပေသေးသည်။</p> <p>စက်မှုလုပ်ငန်းတိုးတက်လာသည့်နှင့်အမျှ တွင်ခုံများလည်းအသုံးများလာရာ တွင်ခုံများတွင်အလွန် မာကျောခိုင်ခန့်သည့်သံမဏိစူးဆောက်များ ရရှိရေးမှာလည်း တစ်နေ့ထက်တစ်နေ့ပိုမို အရေးကြီးလာသည်။ ယခင်ကဆိုလျှင် စူးဆောက်တန်ဆာပလာများသည် သုံးဖန်များလာ၍ပူလာသော အခါ ဆေးသားလျော့၍ သွားသဖြင့် အသွားများကြွေတတ် လေသည်။ ထိုကြောင့်ထိုကဲ့သို့မဖြစ်စေရန် စက်လည်သည့်နှုန်းကို လျော့ထားရသဖြင့် အလုပ်မှာကြန့်ကြာ သွားလေသည်။ ထိုကြောင့်ထိုကဲ့သို့မဖြစ်စေရန် စက်လည်သည့် နှုန်းကိုလျော့ထားရသဖြင့် အလုပ်မှာကြန့်ကြာသွားလေသည်။ သို့ရာတွင် ၁၈၆၈ ခုနှစ်လောက်မှစ၍အဆိုပါတန်ဆာပလာများ ပြုလုပ်ရန်အတွက်အလွန်ကောင်းသော သတ္တုစပ်တစ်မျိုးကို တွေ့ရှိလာခဲ့လေသည်။ ထိုသို့တွေ့ရှိမှုကြောင့်စက်မှုလုပ်ငန်းတွင် များစွာအထောက်အပံ့ရခဲ့ရုံမက ကမ္ဘာအရပ်ရပ်ရှိ သတ္တုလုပ်ငန်းတစ်ခုလုံးပင် တစ်မျိုးတစ်ဖုံ ပြောင်းလဲသွားလေ သည်။ ထိုသတ္တုစပ်မှာ အခြားမဟုတ် သံမဏိနှင့်တန်စတင်တို့ ကို ရောစပ်ထားသောသတ္တုစပ်ပင်ဖြစ်လေသည်။</p> <p>အလားတူသတ္တုစပ်ရရှိရေးအတွက် သံမဏိနှင့်ရောစပ်ရန် အကောင်းဆုံးသောသတ္တုအချို့မှာ ကရိုမီယမ်၊ဗနေဒီယမ်၊ကိုဗော့၊ မန်ဂနိနှင့် မိုလစ်ဒီနမ်တို့ဖြစ်ကြသည်။ ဤသတ္တုစပ်များသည် အလွန်မာ၍ အပူကိုလည်း အလွန်ခံနိုင်ရည်ရှိကြ၏။ ပထမကမ္ဘာစစ်ကြီးအတွင်းက ဗြိတိသျှတို့တွေ့ရှိခဲ့၍ <i>အထက်တန်းစားသံမဏိ</i>ဟုခေါ်တွင်သောအမာဆုံး၊အကောင်း ဆုံးအစား သံမဏိစပ်တစ်မျိုးမှာ မိုလစ်ဒီနမ်၊ကရိုမီယမ်၊ ဗနေဒီယမ်၊ကာဗွန်နှင့်သံသန့်သန့်တို့ကိုရောစပ်ထားသော သတ္တုစပ်ဖြစ်လေသည်။</p> <p>အချို့တွင်ခုံများတွင်အသုံးပြုသောစို့ဆောက်များ၌ သံမဏိပင်လုံးလုံးမပါချေ။ ကရိုမီယမ်၊ တန်စတင်နှင့် ကိုဗော့တို့ကို အချိုးကျကျရောစပ်ထား၍ ရရှိသောစတဲလိုက်ခေါ် သတ္တုစပ်နှင့်လုပ်ထားသည့် ဆောက်အသွားများသည် မာရုံတင်မက အပူပြင်းလာလေလေ မာလေလေဖြစ်လာသေး၏။ စိန်အပြင် အမာဆုံးသောသတ္တုစပ်မှာ တန်စတင်၊ ကာဗိုက်နှင့်ကိုဗော့တို့ပါဝင်ရောစပ်ထား၍ ထိုသတ္တုစပ်ကို ကာဗို လွိုင်ဟုခေါ်၏။ သံမဏိနှင့်မန်ဂနိတို့ရောစပ်ထားသော သတ္တုစပ်သည်အလွန်မာသောကြောင့် ကာဗိုလွိုင် စို့များ၊ ဆောက်များနှင့်သာဖြတ်နိုင်၏။ ထိုအတူသံမဏိနှင့်မိုလစ်ဒီနမ်တို့ ရောစပ်ထားသောသတ္တုစပ်ကိုလည်း မအက်မကွဲနိုင်သောကြောင့် သေနတ်ပြောင်းအတွင်းခံအဖြစ်၎င်း၊ လေယာဉ်ပျံထောက်များ၊ ရဟတ်ဝင်ရိုးများနှင့်သူခိုးအာမခံသံမဏိသေတ္တာများလုပ်ကိုင်ရာ၌ များစွာ အသုံးပြုကြလေသည်။</p> <p>ကရိုမီယမ်သည် သတ္တုထဲတွင် အမာဆုံးသောသတ္တု တစ်မျိုး ဖြစ်သည်။ ကရိုမီယမ်ကိုသံမဏိနှင့်ရောစပ်လိုက်သော အခါ အလွန်မာသော သတ္တုစပ်တစ်မျိုးကိုရ၍ အမြောက်ဆန်၊ ကျည်ဆန်များ၊ ဗောဗယ်ရင်များ၊ သံချပ်ကာများပြုလုပ်ရာတွင် များစွာအသုံးပြုကြသည်။ ထိုကရိုမီယမ်နှင့် သံမဏိသတ္တုစပ်ထဲသို့ နစ်ကယ်ကို ထပ်မံရောစပ်၍ရရှိသော သတ္တုစပ်မှာလည်း အလွန်မာသဖြင့် မော်တော်ကားဂီယာကဲ့သို့သော ပစ္စည်းများ ပြုလုပ်ရန်အတွက်များစွာအဖိုးတန်လေသည်။ စာပုံနှိပ်စက်လုပ်ငန်းများတွင်အသုံးပြုသော ခဲပုံနှိပ် စာလုံးများသည် စိတ်ဝင်စားဖွယ်ကောင်းသော သတ္တုစပ်များ ဖြစ်ကြ၏။ ထိုခဲပုံနှိပ်စာလုံးများကို များသောအားဖြင့် ခဲနှင့်အန်တီမိုနီကိုရောစပ်ထားသော သတ္တုစပ်ဖြင့်လုပ်ထား၏။ တစ်ခါတစ်ရံ ခဲနှင့်အင်တီမိုနီတွင် တင်း (သံဖြူ) နှင့်ဗစ်စမတ် တို့ကိုပါ အနည်းငယ်ထည့်၍ရောစပ်ထားလေသည်။</p> <p>မည်သည့်ပစ္စည်းမဆို ပူလာလျှင်ကားထွက်လာ၍ အေးသွားလျှင် ကျုံ့ဝင်သွားစမြဲဖြစ်၏။ သို့သော်ပုံနှိပ်ခဲစာလုံးများလုပ်သော သတ္တုစပ်မှာကား ဤသို့မဟုတ်ပေ။ ကျိုထား၍ အရည်ဖြစ်နေရာမှ အေးသွားလျှင် ကားထွက်လာသဖြင့် ပုံသွင်းရာတွင်အလွန်ထင်ရှားပြီသသော စာလုံးများကို ရလေသည်။</p> <p>အခြားသတ္တုစပ်များမှာ ကော့ပါး(ကြေးနီ)နှင့် တင်း(သံဖြူ)တို့ကိုရောစပ်ထားသော ဗရွန်း(ကြေးညို) ကော့ပါး(ကြေးနီ)၊ ဇင့်(သွပ်)နှင့်နစ်ကယ်တို့ကိုရောစပ်ထားသော ဂျာမန်ငွေ၊တင်း(သံဖြူ)၊ကော့ပါး(ကြေးနီ) နှင့်အန်တီမိုနီတို့ကိုအထူးရောစပ်ထားသော ဗာ့ဗစ်သတ္တုစပ်၊တင်း(သံဖြူ)နှင့်လက်(ခဲ)တို့ကိုရောစပ်ထား သောပျူတာသတ္တုစပ်၊ တင်း၊ဇင့်၊ ကော့ပါး၊ ဗစ်စမတ်၊ ဂိုး(ရွှေ)၊ ဆီးလဗား(ငွေ)၊ စသည် တို့ဖြင့်ရောစပ်ထားသော ဂဟေများဖြစ်ကြ၏။ သေနပ်၊ အမြောက်လုပ် သတ္တုစပ်သည် ကြေးညိုတမျိုးပင်ဖြစ်၏။ မာကျူရီ (ပြဒါး)ဖြင့်ရောစပ်ထားသော သတ္တုစပ်များကိုမူအမာလဂမ်ဟုခေါ်၏။</p> <p>သတ္တုစပ်အမျိုးပေါင်းမှာ ယခုအခါအလွန်များပြားလာသော်လည်း အောက်တွင်ဖော်ပြထားသော သတ္တုများမှလာခြင်းသာဖြစ်သည်။ ထိုသတ္တုများမှာ များသောအားဖြင့်အလျူမီနီယမ်၊ <a href="https://my-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="အန်တီမိုနီ">အန်တီမိုနီ</a>၊ အာစနစ်၊ ဗစ်စမတ်၊ ကက်ဒမီယမ်၊ <a href="https://my-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ကာဗွန်">ကာဗွန်</a>၊ ကရိုမီယမ်၊ ကိုဗော့၊ ကော့ပါး(ကြေးနီ)၊ ဂိုး(ရွှေ)၊ အီရစ်ဒီယမ်၊ အိုင်းယန်း(သံ)၊ လက်(ခဲ)၊ မက်ဂနီဇီယမ်၊ မန်ဂနိ၊ မာကျူရီ(ပြဒါး)၊ မိုလစ်ဒီနမ်၊ နစ်ကယ်၊ ပလေဒီယမ်၊ ဖော့စဖောရပ်၊ ပလက်တီနမ်၊ <a href="https://my-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ဆီလီကွန်">ဆီလီကွန်</a>၊ ဆီးလဗား(ငွေ)၊ သိုရီယမ်၊ တင်း(သံဖြူ)၊ တန်စတင်၊ ဗနေဒီယမ်၊ ဇင့်(သွပ်)တို့ဖြစ်ကြသည်။<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://my-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ကိုးကား"><span id=".E1.80.80.E1.80.AD.E1.80.AF.E1.80.B8.E1.80.80.E1.80.AC.E1.80.B8"></span>ကိုးကား</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://my-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - ကိုးကား" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r723126">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://my-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">မြန်မာ့စွယ်စုံကျမ်း၊ အတွဲ(၁၃)</span></li> </ol> </div> </div><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6c87d47487‐f9rjd Cached time: 20250219071137 Cache expiry: 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legering" title="Legering – အာဖရိကန်" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Legering" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="အာဖရိကန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2581" title="मिश्रधातु – အန်ဂီကာ" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मिश्रधातु" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="အန်ဂီကာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D8%25A9" title="سبيكة – အာရဗီ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سبيكة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="အာရဗီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Aleación – အက်စ်တိုးရီးယား" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aleación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်တိုးရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%25C9%2599lit%25C9%2599" title="Xəlitə – အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန်" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xəlitə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C" title="ارینتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ارینتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legierung" title="Legierung – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Legierung" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%259E" title="Сплаў – ဘီလာရုစ်" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сплаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ဘီလာရုစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA" title="Стопак – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Стопак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2" title="Сплав – ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယား" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сплав" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%2582%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25B0_%25E0%25A6%25A7%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%2581" title="সংকর ধাতু – ဘင်္ဂါလီ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সংকর ধাতু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ဘင်္ဂါလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2596%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BE%25B2%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BE%2595%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BC%258D" title="བསྲེས་ལྕགས། – တိဘက်" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བསྲེས་ལྕགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="တိဘက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legura" title="Legura – ဘော့စ်နီးယား" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Legura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ဘော့စ်နီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliatge" title="Aliatge – ကတ်တလန်" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aliatge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ကတ်တလန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%25C4%2583k-g%25C4%25ADng" title="Hăk-gĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hăk-gĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25DA%2595%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AA%25DB%2595" title="داڕشتە – ဗဟိုဒေသသုံး ကဒ်ဘာသာ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="داڕشتە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ဗဟိုဒေသသုံး ကဒ်ဘာသာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slitina" title="Slitina – ချက်" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Slitina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ချက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25C4%2583%25D1%2588_%25D1%2588%25C4%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2587%25C4%2583%25D0%25BA" title="Хутăш шăранчăк – ချူဗက်ရှ်" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хутăш шăранчăк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ချူဗက်ရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloi" title="Aloi – ဝေလ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Aloi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ဝေလ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallegering" title="Metallegering – ဒိန်းမတ်" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Metallegering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ဒိန်းမတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ဆောင်းပါးကောင်းတံဆိပ်"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legierung" title="Legierung – ဂျာမန်" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Legierung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ဂျာမန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259A%25CF%2581%25CE%25AC%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1" title="Κράμα – ဂရိ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κράμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ဂရိ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy – အင်္ဂလိပ်" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alloy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="အင်္ဂလိပ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alojo" title="Alojo – အက်စ်ပရန်တို" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alojo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်ပရန်တို" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Aleación – စပိန်" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aleación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="စပိန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulam" title="Sulam – အက်စ်တိုးနီးယား" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sulam" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်တိုးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleazio" title="Aleazio – ဘာစ်ခ်" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aleazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ဘာစ်ခ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25DA%2598" title="آلیاژ – ပါရှန်" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلیاژ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ပါရှန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalliseos" title="Metalliseos – ဖင်လန်" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metalliseos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ဖင်လန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sullam" title="Sullam – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Sullam" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliage" title="Alliage – ပြင်သစ်" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alliage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ပြင်သစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legiaring" title="Legiaring – မြောက် ဖရီစီရန်" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Legiaring" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="မြောက် ဖရီစီရန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C3%25B3imhiotal" title="Cóimhiotal – အိုင်းရစ်ရှ်" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cóimhiotal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="အိုင်းရစ်ရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyaj" title="Alyaj – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Alyaj" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coimheatailt" title="Coimheatailt – စကော့တစ်ရှ် ဂေးလစ်ခ်" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Coimheatailt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="စကော့တစ်ရှ် ဂေးလစ်ခ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliaxe" title="Aliaxe – ဂါလီစီယာ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aliaxe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ဂါလီစီယာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25AE%25E0%25AA%25BF%25E0%25AA%25B6%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AA%25A7%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%25A4%25E0%25AB%2581" title="મિશ્રધાતુ – ဂူဂျာရသီ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મિશ્રધાતુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ဂူဂျာရသီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy – ဟာဥစာ" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Alloy" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ဟာဥစာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A1%25D7%2592%25D7%25A1%25D7%2595%25D7%2592%25D7%25AA" title="סגסוגת – ဟီဘရူး" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סגסוגת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ဟီဘရူး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2581" title="मिश्रातु – ဟိန္ဒီ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मिश्रातु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ဟိန္ဒီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Alloy" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legura" title="Legura – ခရိုအေးရှား" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Legura" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ခရိုအေးရှား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyaj" title="Alyaj – ဟေတီ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alyaj" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ဟေတီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2596tv%25C3%25B6zet" title="Ötvözet – ဟန်ဂေရီ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ötvözet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ဟန်ဂေရီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B1%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25AC%25D5%25BE%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AE%25D6%2584%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580" title="Համաձուլվածքներ – အာမေးနီးယား" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համաձուլվածքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="အာမေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligato" title="Alligato – အင်တာလင်ဂွါ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alligato" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="အင်တာလင်ဂွါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_paduan" title="Logam paduan – အင်ဒိုနီးရှား" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Logam paduan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="အင်ဒိုနီးရှား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliage" title="Alliage – အင်တာလင်း" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Alliage" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="အင်တာလင်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Эвар – အင်ဂုရှ်" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эвар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="အင်ဂုရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloyo" title="Aloyo – အီဒို" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aloyo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="အီဒို" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25A1lmblanda" title="Málmblanda – အိုက်စ်လန်" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Málmblanda" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="အိုက်စ်လန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lega_(metallurgia)" title="Lega (metallurgia) – အီတလီ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lega (metallurgia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="အီတလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2590%2588%25E9%2587%2591" title="合金 – ဂျပန်" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="合金" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ဂျပန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloi" title="Aloi – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aloi" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590" title="ლეგირება – ဂျော်ဂျီယာ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლეგირება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ဂျော်ဂျီယာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age%25E1%25B9%25AD%25E1%25B9%25ADum" title="Ageṭṭum – ကဘိုင်လ်" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ageṭṭum" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="ကဘိုင်လ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kp%25C9%259Bnd%25CA%258A%25CA%258A_%25C3%25B1%25C9%25A9%25C9%25A3%25C9%2596%25C9%259B" title="Kpɛndʊʊ ñɩɣɖɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpɛndʊʊ ñɩɣɖɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2582%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Қорытпалар – ကာဇာချ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қорытпалар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ကာဇာချ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25B6%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0_%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B3%258B%25E0%25B2%25B9" title="ಮಿಶ್ರ ಲೋಹ – ကန်နာဒါ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಿಶ್ರ ಲೋಹ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ကန်နာဒါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2595%25A9%25EA%25B8%2588" title="합금 – ကိုရီးယား" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="합금" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ကိုရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5" title="Эритме – ကာဂျစ်" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эритме" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ကာဂျစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixtura_metallica" title="Mixtura metallica – လက်တင်" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mixtura metallica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="လက်တင်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_(Chimega)" title="Liga (Chimega) – လန်းဘတ်" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Liga (Chimega)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="လန်းဘတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydinys" title="Lydinys – လစ်သူဝေးနီးယား" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lydinys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="လစ်သူဝေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakaus%25C4%2593jums" title="Sakausējums – လတ်ဗီးယား" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sakausējums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="လတ်ဗီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsama" title="Tsama – မာလဂက်စီ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tsama" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="မာလဂက်စီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Легура – မက်ဆီဒိုးနီးယား" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Легура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="မက်ဆီဒိုးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25B9%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B4%2599%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%2582" title="ലോഹസങ്കരം – မလေယာလမ်" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോഹസങ്കരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="မလေယာလမ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BB%25D1%2588" title="Хайлш – မွန်ဂိုလီးယား" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хайлш" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="မွန်ဂိုလီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2582" title="मिश्रधातू – မာရသီ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मिश्रधातू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="မာရသီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancalogam" title="Pancalogam – မလေး" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pancalogam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="မလေး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2581" title="मिश्रधातु – နီပေါ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मिश्रधातु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="နီပေါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25AF" title="अलोय – နီဝါရီ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अलोय" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="နီဝါရီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legering" title="Legering – ဒတ်ခ်ျ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Legering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ဒတ်ခ်ျ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legering" title="Legering – နော်ဝေ နီးနောစ်" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Legering" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ နီးနောစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legering" title="Legering – နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Legering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alouai" title="Alouai – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Alouai" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliatge" title="Aliatge – အိုစီတန်" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aliatge" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="အိုစီတန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%25AE%25E0%25AC%25BF%25E0%25AC%25B6%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25B0%25E0%25AC%25A7%25E0%25AC%25BE%25E0%25AC%25A4%25E0%25AD%2581" title="ମିଶ୍ରଧାତୁ – အိုရီရာ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମିଶ୍ରଧାତୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="အိုရီရာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2586%25D0%25BC%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4" title="Æмтад – အိုဆဲတစ်ခ်" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æмтад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="အိုဆဲတစ်ခ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25A4_%25E0%25A8%25A7%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A9%2582" title="ਮਿਸ਼ਰਤ ਧਾਤੂ – ပန်ချာပီ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਸ਼ਰਤ ਧਾਤੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ပန်ချာပီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_metali" title="Stop metali – ပိုလန်" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stop metali" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ပိုလန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lega" title="Lega – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lega" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25DA%25BE%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA" title="بھرت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھرت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25DA%2598" title="الياژ – ပက်ရှ်တွန်း" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="الياژ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ပက်ရှ်တွန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_met%25C3%25A1lica" title="Liga metálica – ပေါ်တူဂီ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Liga metálica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ပေါ်တူဂီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliaj" title="Aliaj – ရိုမေနီယား" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aliaj" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ရိုမေနီယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacfoni" title="Pacfoni – အာရိုမန်းနီးယန်း" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Pacfoni" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="အာရိုမန်းနီးယန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2" title="Сплав – ရုရှ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сплав" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ရုရှ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D2%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA" title="Уһаарык – ဆခါ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уһаарык" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ဆခါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lega_mit%25C3%25A0llica" title="Lega mitàllica – စစ္စလီ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lega mitàllica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="စစ္စလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legura" title="Legura – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Legura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25B8%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B7%2581%25E0%25B7%258A%25E2%2580%258D%25E0%25B6%25BB_%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%259D%25E0%25B7%2584" title="මිශ්‍ර ලෝහ – စင်ဟာလာ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මිශ්‍ර ලෝහ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="စင်ဟာလာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alloy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zliatina" title="Zliatina – ဆလိုဗက်" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zliatina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ဆလိုဗက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlitina" title="Zlitina – ဆလိုဗေးနီးယား" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zlitina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ဆလိုဗေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaandi" title="Jaandi – ဆိုမာလီ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jaandi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ဆိုမာလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliazhi" title="Aliazhi – အယ်လ်ဘေးနီးယား" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Aliazhi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="အယ်လ်ဘေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Легура – ဆားဘီးယား" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Легура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ဆားဘီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legering" title="Legering – ဆွီဒင်" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Legering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ဆွီဒင်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloi" title="Aloi – ဆွာဟီလီ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Aloi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ဆွာဟီလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258B%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="கலப்புலோகம் – တမီးလ်" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கலப்புலோகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="တမီးလ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25AE%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25B6%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25AE_%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B1%258B%25E0%25B0%25B9%25E0%25B0%25AE%25E0%25B1%2581" title="మిశ్రమ లోహము – တီလီဂူ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మిశ్రమ లోహము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="တီလီဂူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D3%25AF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Хӯла – တာဂျစ်" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хӯла" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="တာဂျစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2588%25E0%25B8%25B7%25E0%25B8%25AD" title="โลหะเจือ – ထိုင်း" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โลหะเจือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ထိုင်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balahak" title="Balahak – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Balahak" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%25C5%259F%25C4%25B1m" title="Alaşım – တူရကီ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alaşım" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="တူရကီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8" title="Сплави – ယူကရိန်း" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сплави" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ယူကရိန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25DA%25BE%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA" title="بھرت – အူရ်ဒူ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھرت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="အူရ်ဒူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qotishma" title="Qotishma – ဥဇဘတ်" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qotishma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ဥဇဘတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%25E1%25BB%25A3p_kim" title="Hợp kim – ဗီယက်နမ်" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hợp kim" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ဗီယက်နမ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloyaedje_(metalurdjeye)" title="Aloyaedje (metalurdjeye) – ဝါလူးန်" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Aloyaedje (metalurdjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ဝါလူးန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloy" title="Aloy – ဝါရေး" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aloy" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ဝါရေး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2590%2588%25E9%2587%2591" title="合金 – ဝူ တရုတ်" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="合金" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ဝူ တရုတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2592%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A9%25D7%259E%25D7%25A2%25D7%259C%25D7%25A5" title="געשמעלץ – ရဟူဒီ" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געשמעלץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ရဟူဒီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2590%2588%25E9%2587%2591" title="合金 – တရုတ်" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="合金" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="တရုတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2590%2588%25E9%2587%2591" title="合金 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="合金" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%25CC%258Dp-kim" title="Ha̍p-kim – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ha̍p-kim" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2590%2588%25E9%2587%2591" title="合金 – ကွမ်းတုံ" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="合金" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ကွမ်းတုံ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isiqungo" title="Isiqungo – ဇူးလူး" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isiqungo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="ဇူးလူး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-my.svg" alt="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား" width="120" height="23" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li 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