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George M. Willing - Wikipedia

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Willing</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_M._Willing" title="George M. Willing – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="George M. 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">George M. Willing</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1859–Unknown</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George Maurice </b>"<b>Doc</b>"<b> Willing, Jr.</b> (c. 1829&#160;&#8211;&#32;March 12 or 13, 1874) was an American <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prospecting" title="Prospecting">prospector</a>, and political <a href="/wiki/Lobbyist" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobbyist">lobbyist</a>. He is known for his time as an unelected delegate to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> for <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Territory" title="Jefferson Territory">Jefferson Territory</a> and as the person who introduced <a href="/wiki/James_Reavis" title="James Reavis">James Reavis</a> to the fraudulent Peralta land grant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_M._Willing&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Willing was born to an affluent <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> family. Educated as a physician, he married the daughter of successful merchant, Mary Ann.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECookridge197248_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECookridge197248-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The young medical practitioner got into trouble by performing <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortions</a>, and to escape potential legal problems moved to <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> in the early 1850s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECookridge197248–49_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECookridge197248–49-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the late 1850s, Willing had resettled in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>. He left there in April 1859 to become part of the <a href="/wiki/Pike%27s_Peak_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Pike&#39;s Peak Gold Rush">Pike's Peak Gold Rush</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beiber_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beiber-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Upon his arrival to the area, he worked in the "Goose Pasture Diggings" for several months. Described by the <i><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_News" title="Rocky Mountain News">Rocky Mountain News</a></i> as a "good geologist and a most polished gentleman", Willing became a candidate for delegate for <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Territory" title="Jefferson Territory">Jefferson Territory</a> in October 1859. Despite losing the election, he still traveled to <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a> to lobby for the interests of the Pikes Peak area.<sup id="cite_ref-Beiber_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beiber-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>While working as a delegate, Willing claimed to have created the name "<a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>." While there is no definitive proof to either confirm or refute this claim, the earliest known usage of the name was within a Congressional committee during 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Earliest published account of his claim was in a December 11, 1875 <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Daily Tribune">New York Daily Tribune</a></i> article by Willing's friend, <a href="/wiki/William_O._Stoddard" class="mw-redirect" title="William O. Stoddard">William O. Stoddard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellis_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Despite the choice of "Colorado" as the name for the <a href="/wiki/Organized_incorporated_territories_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Organized incorporated territories of the United States">territory</a> organized around the Pikes Peak area, the name "Idaho" became popular in the area and was used as the name for a <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Springs,_Colorado" title="Idaho Springs, Colorado">a Colorado town</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Idaho_County,_Idaho" title="Idaho County, Idaho">county in Washington Territory</a> before being used for <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory" title="Idaho Territory">Idaho Territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellis_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Willing returned to Denver in August 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-Beiber_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beiber-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His next confirmed sighting came in <a href="/wiki/Prescott,_Arizona" title="Prescott, Arizona">Prescott, Arizona Territory</a> during 1867. Willing claimed to have purchased the rights to a large Spanish <a href="/wiki/Land_grant" title="Land grant">land grant</a> from a man named Miguel Peralta on October 26, 1864. The transaction had supposedly occurred at a primitive campsite to the southeast of Prescott without the benefit of the typical documentation. Instead of a <a href="/wiki/Notary" title="Notary">notarized</a> <a href="/wiki/Deed" title="Deed">deed</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Conveyancing" title="Conveyancing">conveyance</a> was recorded on a piece of greasy camp paper bearing signature of several witnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell196016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell196016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Willing had arrived in Prescott for the purpose of registering the deed. He was at the time low on funds and offered to sell a half interest in the grant to <a href="/wiki/Livery_stable" class="mw-redirect" title="Livery stable">livery stable</a> owner <a href="/wiki/James_D._Monihon" title="James D. Monihon">James D. Monihon</a> in exchange for US$250 and the amount of the bill he owed. After filing Willing's papers, the two of them could then use the Spanish claim to sell land back to the settlers currently residing in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell196017_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell196017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Monihon refused the offer and informed Willing that he was liable to be <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynched</a> if local residents learned of his plans. Willing responded by quickly settling his affairs and joining a governmental survey party leaving town the next morning for <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell196018_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell196018-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>To assist in development of his land grant, in 1871 Willing sought the aid of <a href="/wiki/James_Reavis" title="James Reavis">James Reavis</a>, a <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> real estate agent with <a href="/wiki/Forgery" title="Forgery">forgery</a> skills. The two began meeting with William W. Gitt, a man known as the "Old Spanish Land Title Lawyer" following a series of questionable land transactions, on a regular basis to study Willing's papers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell196010_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell196010-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Willing and Reavis eventually decided to form a partnership and Willing left for Arizona Territory in January 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECookridge197253–54_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECookridge197253–54-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He filed his deed in the Yavapai County Courthouse upon his arrival in Prescott and was found dead the next morning.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell196020–21_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell196020–21-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> No official investigation as to the cause of Willing's death was ever performed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagoner1970272_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner1970272-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Suggested causes include poison,<sup id="cite_ref-Myers_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> "exposure and privation",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagoner1970272_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner1970272-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or simply "strange and unwitnessed circumstances".<sup id="cite_ref-Ruffner_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruffner-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_M._Willing&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECookridge197248-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECookridge197248_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCookridge1972">Cookridge 1972</a>, p.&#160;48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECookridge197248–49-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECookridge197248–49_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCookridge1972">Cookridge 1972</a>, pp.&#160;48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beiber-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beiber_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beiber_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beiber_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBeiber1927" class="citation journal cs1">Beiber, Ralph D. (December 1927). "Diary of a Journey to the Pikes Peak Gold Mines in 1859". <i>The Mississippi Valley Historical Review</i>. <b>14</b> (3): 360–378. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1891626">10.2307/1891626</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1891626">1891626</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Mississippi+Valley+Historical+Review&amp;rft.atitle=Diary+of+a+Journey+to+the+Pikes+Peak+Gold+Mines+in+1859&amp;rft.volume=14&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=360-378&amp;rft.date=1927-12&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1891626&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1891626%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Beiber&amp;rft.aufirst=Ralph+D.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Willing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ellis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ellis_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ellis_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ellis_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis1951" class="citation journal cs1">Ellis, Erl H. (October 1951). "Idaho". <i>Western Folklore</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 317–319. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1496073">10.2307/1496073</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1496073">1496073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Western+Folklore&amp;rft.atitle=Idaho&amp;rft.volume=10&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=317-319&amp;rft.date=1951-10&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1496073&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1496073%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Ellis&amp;rft.aufirst=Erl+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Willing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell196016-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell196016_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell1960">Powell 1960</a>, p.&#160;16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell196017-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell196017_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell1960">Powell 1960</a>, p.&#160;17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell196018-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell196018_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell1960">Powell 1960</a>, p.&#160;18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell196010-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell196010_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell1960">Powell 1960</a>, p.&#160;10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECookridge197253–54-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECookridge197253–54_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCookridge1972">Cookridge 1972</a>, pp.&#160;53–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell196020–21-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell196020–21_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell1960">Powell 1960</a>, pp.&#160;20–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner1970272-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagoner1970272_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagoner1970272_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWagoner1970">Wagoner 1970</a>, p.&#160;272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myers-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Myers_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Myers1956" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Myers_Myers" title="John Myers Myers">John Myers, Myers</a> (August 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201204226/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1956/5/1956_5_28.shtml">"The Prince of Swindlers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_(magazine)" title="American Heritage (magazine)">American Heritage</a></i>. <b>7</b> (5): 28–31+. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1956/5/1956_5_28.shtml">the original</a> on 2008-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&amp;rft.atitle=The+Prince+of+Swindlers&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=28-31%2B&amp;rft.date=1956-08&amp;rft.aulast=John+Myers&amp;rft.aufirst=Myers&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Farticles%2Fmagazine%2Fah%2F1956%2F5%2F1956_5_28.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Willing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruffner-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ruffner_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuffner1982" class="citation news cs1">Ruffner, Budge (September 10, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OLonAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5365,6280220">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Baron Of Arizona' Had Quite A Scheme"</a>. <i>The Courier</i>. Prescott, Arizona. p.&#160;8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Courier&amp;rft.atitle=%27Baron+Of+Arizona%27+Had+Quite+A+Scheme&amp;rft.pages=8&amp;rft.date=1982-09-10&amp;rft.aulast=Ruffner&amp;rft.aufirst=Budge&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DOLonAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5365%2C6280220&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Willing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookridge1972" class="citation book cs1">Cookridge, E. H. (1972) [©1967]. <i>The Baron of Arizona</i>. New York: Ballantine Books. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32333347">32333347</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Baron+of+Arizona&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32333347&amp;rft.aulast=Cookridge&amp;rft.aufirst=E.+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Willing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell1960" class="citation book cs1">Powell, Donald M (1960). <i>The Peralta grant; James Addison Reavis and the Barony of Arizona</i>. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1533625">1533625</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Peralta+grant%3B+James+Addison+Reavis+and+the+Barony+of+Arizona&amp;rft.place=Norman&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&amp;rft.date=1960&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1533625&amp;rft.aulast=Powell&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald+M&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Willing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagoner1970" class="citation book cs1">Wagoner, Jay J. (1970). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arizonaterritory00wago"><i>Arizona Territory 1863–1912: A Political history</i></a></span>. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8165-0176-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8165-0176-9"><bdi>0-8165-0176-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Arizona+Territory+1863%E2%80%931912%3A+A+Political+history&amp;rft.place=Tucson&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&amp;rft.date=1970&amp;rft.isbn=0-8165-0176-9&amp;rft.aulast=Wagoner&amp;rft.aufirst=Jay+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farizonaterritory00wago&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Willing" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6b7f745dd4‐l245r Cached time: 20241125134514 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.439 seconds Real time usage: 0.546 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7894/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 18313/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1708/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30266/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.230/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7057976/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 518.073 1 -total 37.29% 193.201 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder 29.70% 153.848 1 Template:Reflist 24.37% 126.238 3 Template:Cite_journal 13.84% 71.721 1 Template:Short_description 12.98% 67.233 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office 11.13% 57.682 10 Template:Sfn 8.15% 42.208 2 Template:Pagetype 5.84% 30.251 1 Template:Country2nationality 4.10% 21.262 3 Template:Cite_book --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:4407734-0!canonical and timestamp 20241125134514 and revision id 1206330008. 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