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Marignac suspected the compound contained a previously unknown element, and named this element “ytterbium” due to the origins of the first gadolinite samples in a mine near Ytterby, Sweden. Ytterbium was the last of four elements to be given a name derived from association with the Ytterby mine, the others being <a href="yy.html">yttrium</a>, <a href="tb.html">terbium</a>, and <a href="er.html">erbium</a>.</p> <p>Ytterbium is used most often as a dopant. In crystal and glass structures, ytterbium doping produces laser media and optical fibers. In stainless steel, ytterbium improves grain refinement and strength. Ytterbium may be added to silicon photocells to improve efficiency of <a href="solar-energy-materials.html">solar</a> energy absorption at infrared wavelengths. Ytterbium is also used in thermal barrier coatings on transition metal <a href="alloys.html">alloy</a> substrates. </p> <p><a href="ytterbium-metal-7440-64-4">Ytterbium metal</a> has the unique property of increasing in electrical resistance when under stress; this property is exploited in stress gauges for monitoring ground deformations from earthquakes and nuclear explosions. It has also been used to produce an atomic clock with greater accuracy than the <a href="cs.html">cesium</a> atomic clock used as the current time standard. Experimentally, ytterbium is being investigated for a variety of specialized applications, including in highly sensitive small-molecule sensors and medical X-ray computed tomography scan contrast agents.</p> <p>Ytterbium is a <a href="rare-earths.html">rare earth</a> element and can theoretically be found in any rare earth-containing mineral, but as a heavy rare earth element (HREE) it is more common in HREE-enriched minerals such as xenotime and euxenite. 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href="ytterbium-oxide-nanoparticles-nanopowder-1314-37-0">Ytterbium Oxide Nanoparticles</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-oxide-particles-1314-37-0">Ytterbium Oxide Particles</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-oxide-pellets-1314-37-0">Ytterbium Oxide Pellets</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-oxide-pieces-1314-37-0">Ytterbium Oxide Pieces</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-oxide-powder-1314-37-0">Ytterbium Oxide Powder</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-oxide-rotatable-sputtering-target-1314-37-0">Ytterbium Oxide Rotatable Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-oxide-shot-1314-37-0">Ytterbium Oxide Shot</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-oxide-sputtering-target-1314-37-0">Ytterbium Oxide Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-oxide-tablets-1314-37-0">Ytterbium Oxide Tablets</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#organometallic-products"><span class="panel-title">Organometallics</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="organometallic-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid2 no-dot"> <li class="product"> <a href="tris-2-2-6-6-tetramethyl-3-5-heptanedionato-ytterbium-iii-15492-52-1">Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)ytterbium(III)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="tris-n-n-bis-trimethylsilyl-amide-ytterbium">Tris[N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)amide]ytterbium</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="tris-cyclopentadienyl-ytterbium-1295-20-1">Tris(cyclopentadienyl)ytterbium</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-2-ethylhexanoate">Ytterbium 2-Ethylhexanoate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-acetylacetonate-14284-98-1">Ytterbium Acetylacetonate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="ytterbium-heptafluorodimethyloctanedionate-18323-96-1">Ytterbium Heptafluorodimethyloctanedionate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-iii-hexafluoroacetylacetonate-dihydrate-81849-60-7">Ytterbium(III) Hexafluoroacetylacetonate Dihydrate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-iii-isopropoxide-6742-69-4">Ytterbium(III) Isopropoxide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-trifluoromethanesulfonate-54761-04-5">Ytterbium Trifluoromethanesulfonate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-iii-trifluoromethanesulfonate-hydrate-252976-51-5">Ytterbium Trifluoromethanesulfonate Hydrate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-iii-trifluoromethanesulfonimide-175438-43-4">Ytterbium(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonimide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-tris-3-trifluoromethylhydroxymethylene-camphorate-38054-03-4">Ytterbium Tris[3-(trifluoromethylhdroxymethylene)-(+)-camphorate]</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#nanomaterial-products"><span class="panel-title">Nanomaterials</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="nanomaterial-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-fluoride-nanoparticles-13860-80-0">Ytterbium Fluoride Nanoparticles</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-nanoparticles-7440-64-4">Ytterbium Nanoparticles</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="ytterbium-nanoparticles-dispersion-7440-64-4">Ytterbium Nanoparticle Dispersion</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-nanorods-7440-64-4">Ytterbium Nanorods</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-oxide-nanoparticle-dispersion-1314-37-0">Ytterbium Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersion</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-oxide-nanoparticles-nanopowder-1314-37-0">Ytterbium Oxide Nanoparticles</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#semiconductor-optical-products"><span class="panel-title">Semiconductor & Optical</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="semiconductor-optical-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"> <a href="sodium-yttrium-fluoride-ytterbium-and-erbium-doped-753489-02-0">Sodium Yttrium Fluoride, Ytterbium And Erbium Doped</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="sodium-yttrium-fluoride-ytterbium-and-thulium-doped">Sodium Yttrium Fluoride, Ytterbium And Thulium Doped</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="sodium-yttrium-oxyfluoride-ytterbium-and-erbium-doped">Sodium Yttrium Oxyfluoride, Ytterbium And Erbium Doped</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yb-gdvo4">Yb:GdVO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yb-yag-crystal">Yb:YAG Crystal</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yb-yvo4">Yb:YVO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="er-yb-yvo4">Yb,Er:YVO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li class="product"><a href="ytterbium-aluminum-garnet-12005-22-0">Ytterbium Aluminum Garnet (YbAG)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="ytterbium-arsenide-12006-12-1">Ytterbium Arsenide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-doped-potassium-gadolinium-tungstate">Ytterbium-doped Potassium-Gadolinium Tungstate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-doped-potassium-yttrium-tungstate">Ytterbium-doped Potassium Yttrium Tungstate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-doped-yttrium-aluminum-garnet">Ytterbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Yb:YAG)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="ytterbium-oxide-hafnium-oxide">Ytterbium Oxide:Hafnium Oxide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-phosphide-12037-71-7">Ytterbium Phosphide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-selenide-12039-54-2">Ytterbium Selenide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-sulfide-12039-20-2">Ytterbium Sulfide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-telluride-12125-58-5">Ytterbium Telluride</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sputtering-target-products"><span class="panel-title">Sputtering Targets</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="sputtering-target-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"> <a href="aluminum-ytterbium-sputtering-target">Aluminum Ytterbium Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-fluoride-sputtering-target-13860-80-0">Ytterbium Fluoride Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-nitride-sputtering-target-24600-77-9">Ytterbium Nitride Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-oxide-rotatable-sputtering-target-1314-37-0">Ytterbium Oxide Rotatable Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-oxide-sputtering-target-1314-37-0">Ytterbium Oxide Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-phosphide-sputtering-target-12037-71-7">Ytterbium Phosphide Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-rotatable-sputtering-target-7440-64-4">Ytterbium Rotatable Sputtering Targets</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-selenide-sputtering-target-12039-54-2">Ytterbium Selenide Sputtering Targets</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-sputtering-target-7440-64-4">Ytterbium Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-telluride-sputtering-target-12125-58-5">Ytterbium Telluride Sputtering Target</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#isotope-products"><span class="panel-title">Isotopes</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="isotope-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-171-oxide-isotope">Ytterbium-171 Oxide Isotope</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-172-oxide-isotope">Ytterbium-172 Oxide Isotope</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-174-oxide-isotope">Ytterbium-174 Oxide Isotope</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ytterbium-176-oxide-isotope">Ytterbium-176 Oxide Isotope</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="openclose"> <div class="openall">+ Open All</div> <div class="closeall">- Close All</div> </div> </div> <div id="products-intro"> <p><a href="ytterbium-sputtering-target-7440-64-4"><img src="ytterbium-sputtering-targets.png" alt="High Purity (99.999%) Ytterbium (Yb) Sputtering Target" width="95" height="111" class="image-left" /></a><span class="intro"></span> Ytterbium is being applied to numerous fiber amplifier and fiber optic technologies and in various lasing applications. It has a single dominant absorption band at <a href="ytterbium-oxide-powder-1314-37-0"><img src="ytterbium-oxide-powder.png" alt="High Purity (99.999%) Ytterbium Oxide (Yb2O3) Powder" width="125" height="125" class="image-right" /></a> 985 in the infra-red making it useful in silicon photocells to directly convert radiant energy to electricity. Ytterbium metal increases its electrical resistance when subjected to very high stresses. This property is used in stress gauges for monitoring ground deformations from earthquakes and nuclear explosions. It is also used in thermal barrier system bond coatings on nickel, iron and other transitional metal alloy substrates. Ytterbium is available as <a href="ytterbium-metal-7440-64-4">metal</a> and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to <a href="Ultra_high_purity_metals_powders.htm">ultra-high purity</a>). Elemental or metallic forms of ytterbium include <a href="ytterbium-pellets-7440-64-4">pellets</a>, <a href="ytterbium-rod-7440-64-4">rod</a>, <a href="ytterbium-wire-7440-64-4">wire</a>, and <a href="ytterbium-granules-7440-64-4">granules</a> for evaporation source material purposes. Ytterbium oxides are available in <a href="ytterbium-oxide-powder-1314-37-0">powder</a> and dense <a href="ytterbium-oxide-pellets-1314-37-0">pellet</a> form for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. <a href="oxides.html">Oxides</a> tend to be insoluble. <a href="Fluorides.html">Fluorides</a> are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Ytterbium is also available in soluble forms including <a href="ytterbium-chloride-10361-91-8">chloride</a>, <a href="ytterbium-iii-nitrate-pentahydrate-35725-34-9">nitrate</a> and <a href="ytterbium-acetate-15280-58-7">acetate</a>. These compounds can be manufactured as <a href="solutions">solutions</a> at specified stoichiometries.</p> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="properties" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3"> <h2>Ytterbium Properties</h2> <p><img src="ytterbium-block.png" alt="Ytterbium (Yb) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbol" class="image-left" /><strong>Ytterbium</strong> has 2 valency states, +2 and +3. <img src="ytterbium-bohr.jpg" alt="Ytterbium Bohr Model" width="200" height="200" /> On the periodic table, Ytterbium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. Ytterbium is found in monazite sand as well as the ores euxenite and xenotime. Ytterbium was first discovered by Jean de Marignac in 1878. The name Ytterbium originates after the name for the Swedish village of Ytterby. </p> <div id="table-wrapper"> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion2"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#general-properties">General Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="general-properties"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="symbol">Symbol:</th> <td>Yb</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-number">Atomic Number:</th> <td>70</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-weight">Atomic Weight:</th> <td>173.04</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="element-category">Element Category:</th> <td>Lanthanide</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="group-period-block">Group, Period, Block:</th> <td>n/a, 6, f</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="color">Color:</th> <td>silvery-white</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="other-names">Other Names:</th> <td>Itterbio, Itérbio, Yterbio</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#physical-properties">Physical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="physical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tr> <th id="melting-point">Melting Point:</th> <td>824°C, 1515.2°F, 1097.15 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="boiling-point">Boiling Point:</th> <td>1196°C, 2184.8°F, 1469.15 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density">Density:</th> <td>6570 kg/m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="liquid-density">Liquid Density @ Melting Point:</th> <td>6.21 g·cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density-20-degrees-C">Density @ 20°C:</th> <td>6.97 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="solid-density">Density of Solid:</th> <td>6570 kg·m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="specific-heat">Specific Heat:</th> <td>0.0346 Cal/g/K @ 25 °C</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="superconductivity-temperature">Superconductivity Temperature:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="triple-point">Triple Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="critical-point">Critical Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="fusion-heat">Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>9.2</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vaporization-heat">Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>159</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomization-heat">Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>152.8</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-conductivity">Thermal Conductivity:</th> <td>0.349 W/cm/K @ 298.2 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-expansion">Thermal Expansion:</th> <td>(r.t.) (poly) 26.3 µm/(m·K)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electrical-resistivity">Electrical Resistivity:</th> <td>29.0 nΩ-cm @ 25 °C</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="tensile-strength">Tensile Strength:</th> <td>66 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="molar-heat-capacity">Molar Heat Capacity:</th> <td>26.74 J·mol<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="youngs-modulus">Young's Modulus:</th> <td>( form) 23.9 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="shear-modulus">Shear Modulus:</th> <td>(form) 9.9 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="bulk-modulus">Bulk Modulus:</th> <td>( form) 30.5 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="poisson-ratio">Poisson Ratio:</th> <td>(form) 0.207</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mohs-hardness">Mohs Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vickers-hardness">Vickers Hardness:</th> <td>206 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="brinell-hardness">Brinell Hardness:</th> <td>343 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="speed-of-sound">Speed of Sound:</th> <td>(20 °C) 1590 m·s<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electronegativity">Pauling Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="sanderson-electronegativity">Sanderson Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allerd-rochow-electronegativity">Allred Rochow Electronegativity:</th> <td>1.06</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mulliken-jaffe-electronegativity">Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allen-electronegativity">Allen Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electropositivity">Pauling Electropositivity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="reflectivity">Reflectivity (%):</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="refractive-index">Refractive Index:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#chemical-properties">Chemical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="chemical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tr> <th id="electrons">Electrons:</th> <td>70</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="protons">Protons:</th> <td>70</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="neutrons">Neutrons:</th> <td>103</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-configuration">Electron Configuration:</th> <td>[Xe]4f<sup>14</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius">Atomic Radius:</th> <td>176 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius-non-bonded">Atomic Radius,<br /> non-bonded (Å):</th> <td>2.26</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius">Covalent Radius:</th> <td>187±8 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius-non-bonded">Covalent Radius (Å):</th> <td>1.78</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="van-der-waals-radius">Van der Waals Radius:</th> <td>242 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="oxidation-states">Oxidation States:</th> <td>3, 2, 1 (basic oxide)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="phase">Phase:</th> <td>Solid</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="crystal-structure">Crystal Structure:</th> <td>face-centered cubic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="magnetic-ordering">Magnetic Ordering:</th> <td>paramagnetic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-affinity">Electron Affinity (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>)</th> <td>-3.929</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="1-ionization">1<sup>st</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>603.44 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="2-ionization">2<sup>nd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>1174.82 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="3-ionization">3<sup>rd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>2416.97 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion3"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#identifiers">Identifiers<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="identifiers"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="cas-number">CAS Number:</th> <td>7440-64-4</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="ec-number">EC Number:</th> <td>231-173-2</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mdl-number">MDL Number:</th> <td>MFCD00011286</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="beilstein-number">Beilstein Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="smile-id">SMILES Identifier:</th> <td>[Yb]</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-id">InChI Identifier:</th> <td>InChI=1S/Yb</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-key">InChI Key:</th> <td>NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pubchem-cid">PubChem CID:</th> <td>23992</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="chemspider-id">ChemSpider ID:</th> <td>22428</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#abundance">Abundance<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="abundance"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th class="abundance" id="earth-total">Earth - Total:</th> <td>229 ppb</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="mercury-total">Mercury - Total:</th> <td>176 ppb</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="venus-total">Venus - Total:</th> <td>240 ppb</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-weight">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:</th> <td>0.0008</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-atoms">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>0.000029</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-weight">Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:</th> <td>2800</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-atoms">Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>340</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-weight">Sun - Total, ppb by weight:</th> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-atoms">Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>0.01</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-weight">Stream, ppb by weight:</th> <td>0.05</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-atoms">Stream, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>0.0003</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-weight">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:</th> <td>180</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-atoms">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>20</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-weight">Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-atoms">Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-weight">Universe, ppb by weight:</th> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-atoms">Universe, ppb by atom:</th> <td>0.01</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#history">History<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="history"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="discovered">Discovered By:</th> <td>Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="discovery-date">Discovery Date:</th> <td>1878</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="first-isolation">First Isolation:</th> <td>Georges Urbain (1907)</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="safety" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab4"> <h2>Health, Safety & Transportation Information for Ytterbium</h2> <p>Ytterbium is considered to be fairly toxic. Safety data for Ytterbium and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the Products tab. The below information applies to elemental (metallic) Ytterbium.</p> <table class="safety-table"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2" id="safety-data">Safety Data</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#signalword" >Signal Word </a></th> <td>Danger</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#hazardstatements" >Hazard Statements </a></th> <td>H228-H302-H312-H315-H319-H332-H335</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="hazard-codes.html#hazardcodes" >Hazard Codes</a></th> <td>F,Xn</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#riskcodes" >Risk Codes </a></th> <td>11-20/21/22</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#safetyprecautions" >Safety Precautions </a></th> <td>16-33-36</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#rtecs" >RTECS Number </a></th> <td>ZG1925000</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#transportation" >Transport Information</a></th> <td>UN 3089 4.1/PG 2</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#wgk" >WGK Germany </a></th> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="hazard-codes.html" >Globally Harmonized System of <br /> Classification and Labelling (GHS) </a></th> <td><a href="hazard-codes.html#exclamation"><img src="exclamation-mark.png" alt="Exclamation Mark-Acute Toxicity " width="44" height="45" align="left" /></a> <a href="hazard-codes.html#flame"><img src="flame.png" alt="Flame-Flammables" width="42" height="42" /></a><a href="hazard-codes.html#healthhazard"></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion4"> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading panel-heading-sds activate-panel active-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sds"><span class="panel-title">Review and Print SDS for Ytterbium Metal</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div> <div id="sds" class="panel-body collapse in row"> <div class="view view-sds-pane view-id-sds_pane view-display-id-block sds-content view-dom-id-b6e34b91f1a8d7110e3d2513262e3632"> <div class="view-header"> <div class="link-container"> <span class="print_pdf"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/printpdf/ytterbium-metal-7440-64-4/sds" title="Display a PDF version of this page." class="print-pdf" rel="nofollow">Create Printable PDF</a></span></div> <h2 class="centered">SAFETY DATA SHEET</h2> <div id="sds-date"> <div><strong>Date Created:</strong> 05/15/2015</div> <div><strong>Date Revised:</strong> 05/15/2015</div> </div> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div> <hr><h3>SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION</h3> <p><strong>Product Name:</strong> Ytterbium Metal</p> <p><strong>Product Number:</strong> All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. YB-M-02, YB-M-03, YB-M-04, YB-M-05 </p> <p><strong>CAS #:</strong> 7440-64-4 </p> <p><strong>Relevant identified uses of the substance: </strong> Scientific research and development </p> <p>Supplier details:<br /> American Elements<br /> 1093 Broxton Ave. Suite 2000<br /> Los Angeles, CA 90024<br /> Tel: +1 310-208-0551<br /> Fax: +1 310-208-0351<br /> <br /> Emergency telephone number:<br /> Domestic, North America +1 800-424-9300<br /> International +1 703-527-3887</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION</h3> <p>Classification of the substance or mixture<br /> Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008<br /> The substance is not classified as hazardous to health or the environment according to the CLP regulation.<br /> Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive 1999/45/EC<br /> Not applicable<br /> Information concerning particular hazards for human and environment:<br /> No information known.<br /> Hazards not otherwise classified<br /> No information known.<br /> Label elements<br /> Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008<br /> Not applicable<br /> Hazard pictograms<br /> Not applicable<br /> Signal word<br /> Not applicable<br /> Hazard statements<br /> Not applicable<br /> WHMIS classification<br /> Not controlled<br /> Classification system<br /> HMIS ratings (scale 0-4)<br /> (Hazardous Materials Identification System)<br /> HEALTH<br /> FIRE<br /> REACTIVITY<br /> 1<br /> 1<br /> 1<br /> Health (acute effects) = 1<br /> Flammability = 1<br /> Physical Hazard = 1<br /> Other hazards<br /> Results of PBT and vPvB assessment<br /> PBT: Not applicable.<br /> vPvB: Not applicable.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS</h3> <p>Chemical characterization: Substances<br /> CAS# Description:<br /> 7440-64-4 Ytterbium<br /> Identification number(s):<br /> EC number: 231-173-2</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES</h3> <p>Description of first aid measures<br /> After inhalation<br /> Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm.<br /> Seek immediate medical advice.<br /> After skin contact<br /> Immediately wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.<br /> Seek immediate medical advice.<br /> After eye contact<br /> Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult a doctor.<br /> After swallowing<br /> Seek medical treatment.<br /> Information for doctor<br /> Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed<br /> No further relevant information available.<br /> Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed<br /> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES </h3> <p>Extinguishing media<br /> Suitable extinguishing agents<br /> Special powder for metal fires. Do not use water.<br /> For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents<br /> Water<br /> Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture<br /> If this product is involved in a fire, the following can be released:<br /> Ytterbium oxide<br /> Advice for firefighters<br /> Protective equipment:<br /> Wear self-contained respirator.<br /> Wear fully protective impervious suit.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES </h3> <p>Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures<br /> Wear protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away.<br /> Ensure adequate ventilation<br /> Environmental precautions:<br /> Do not allow product to reach sewage system or any water course.<br /> Do not allow to penetrate the ground/soil.<br /> Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:<br /> Pick up mechanically.<br /> Prevention of secondary hazards:<br /> No special measures required.<br /> Reference to other sections<br /> See Section 7 for information on safe handling<br /> See Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.<br /> See Section 13 for disposal information.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE </h3> <p>Handling<br /> Precautions for safe handling<br /> Keep container tightly sealed.<br /> Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.<br /> Information about protection against explosions and fires:<br /> No information known.<br /> Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities<br /> Storage<br /> Requirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles:<br /> No special requirements.<br /> Information about storage in one common storage facility:<br /> Do not store together with acids.<br /> Further information about storage conditions:<br /> Keep container tightly sealed.<br /> Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.<br /> Specific end use(s)<br /> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION </h3> <p>Additional information about design of technical systems:<br /> Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.<br /> Control parameters<br /> Components with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace:<br /> The product does not contain any relevant quantities of materials with critical values that have to be monitored at the workplace.<br /> Additional information: No data<br /> Exposure controls<br /> Personal protective equipment<br /> General protective and hygienic measures<br /> The usual precautionary measures for handling chemicals should be followed.<br /> Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and feed.<br /> Remove all soiled and contaminated clothing immediately.<br /> Wash hands before breaks and at the end of work.<br /> Maintain an ergonomically appropriate working environment.<br /> Breathing equipment:<br /> Use suitable respirator when high concentrations are present.<br /> Recommended filter device for short term use:<br /> Use a respirator with type P100 (USA) or P3 (EN 143) cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. Risk assessment should be performed to determine if air-purifying respirators are appropriate. Only use equipment tested and approved under appropriate government standards.<br /> Protection of hands: Impervious gloves<br /> Check protective gloves prior to each use for their proper condition.<br /> The selection of suitable gloves not only depends on the material, but also on quality. Quality will vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.<br /> Material of gloves<br /> Nitrile rubber, NBR<br /> Penetration time of glove material (in minutes)<br /> 480<br /> Glove thickness<br /> 0.11 mm<br /> Eye protection: Safety glasses<br /> Body protection: Protective work clothing.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES</h3> <p>Information on basic physical and chemical properties<br /> General Information<br /> Appearance:<br /> Form: Solid in various forms<br /> Color: Silver grey<br /> Odor: Not determined<br /> Odor threshold: Not determined.<br /> pH-value: Not applicable.<br /> Change in condition<br /> Melting point/Melting range: Not determined<br /> Boiling point/Boiling range: Not determined<br /> Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined<br /> Flammability (solid, gaseous): Not determined.<br /> Ignition temperature: Not determined<br /> Decomposition temperature: Not determined<br /> Auto igniting: Not determined.<br /> Danger of explosion: Not determined.<br /> Explosion limits:<br /> Lower: Not determined<br /> Upper: Not determined<br /> Vapor pressure: Not applicable.<br /> Density: Not determined<br /> Relative density: Not determined.<br /> Vapor density: Not applicable.<br /> Evaporation rate: Not applicable.<br /> Solubility in / Miscibility with Water: Not determined<br /> Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not determined<br /> Viscosity:<br /> dynamic: Not applicable.<br /> kinematic: Not applicable.<br /> Other information<br /> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY </h3> <p>Reactivity<br /> No information known.<br /> Chemical stability<br /> Stable under recommended storage conditions.<br /> Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:<br /> Decomposition will not occur if used and stored according to specifications.<br /> Possibility of hazardous reactions<br /> No dangerous reactions known<br /> Conditions to avoid<br /> No further relevant information available.<br /> Incompatible materials:<br /> Acids<br /> Hazardous decomposition products:<br /> Ytterbium oxide</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION </h3> <p>Information on toxicological effects<br /> Acute toxicity: No effects known.<br /> LD/LC50 values that are relevant for classification: No data<br /> Skin irritation or corrosion: May cause irritation<br /> Eye irritation or corrosion: May cause irritation<br /> Sensitization: No sensitizing effects known.<br /> Germ cell mutagenicity: No effects known.<br /> Carcinogenicity:<br /> No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.<br /> The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains tumorigenic and/or carcinogenic and/or neoplastic data for this substance.<br /> Reproductive toxicity: No effects known.<br /> Specific target organ system toxicity - repeated exposure: No effects known.<br /> Specific target organ system toxicity - single exposure: No effects known.<br /> Aspiration hazard: No effects known.<br /> Subacute to chronic toxicity: No effects known.<br /> Additional toxicological information:<br /> To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION </h3> <p>Toxicity<br /> Aquatic toxicity:<br /> No further relevant information available.<br /> Persistence and degradability<br /> No further relevant information available.<br /> Bioaccumulative potential<br /> No further relevant information available.<br /> Mobility in soil<br /> No further relevant information available.<br /> Additional ecological information:<br /> General notes:<br /> Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities to reach ground water, water course or sewage system.<br /> Avoid transfer into the environment.<br /> Results of PBT and vPvB assessment<br /> PBT: Not applicable.<br /> vPvB: Not applicable.<br /> Other adverse effects<br /> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS </h3> <p>Waste treatment methods<br /> Recommendation<br /> Consult state, local or national regulations to ensure proper disposal.<br /> Uncleaned packagings:<br /> Recommendation:<br /> Disposal must be made according to official regulations.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION </h3> <p>UN-Number<br /> DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br /> Not applicable<br /> UN proper shipping name<br /> DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br /> Not applicable<br /> Transport hazard class(es)<br /> DOT, ADR, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br /> Class<br /> Not applicable<br /> Packing group<br /> DOT, IMDG, IATA<br /> Not applicable<br /> Environmental hazards:<br /> Not applicable.<br /> Special precautions for user<br /> Not applicable.<br /> Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code<br /> Not applicable.<br /> Transport/Additional information:<br /> DOT<br /> Marine Pollutant (DOT):<br /> No<br /> UN "Model Regulation":<br /> - </p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION </h3> <p>Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture<br /> National regulations<br /> All components of this product are listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical substance Inventory.<br /> All components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).<br /> SARA Section 313 (specific toxic chemical listings)<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> California Proposition 65<br /> Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancer<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, female<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, male<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Information about limitation of use:<br /> For use only by technically qualified individuals.<br /> Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulations<br /> Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) according to the REACH Regulations (EC) No. 1907/2006.<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> The conditions of restrictions according to Article 67 and Annex XVII of the Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) for the manufacturing, placing on the market and use must be observed.<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Annex XIV of the REACH Regulations (requiring Authorisation for use)<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> REACH - Pre-registered substances<br /> Substance is listed.<br /> Chemical safety assessment:<br /> A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.</p> <hr><h3>16. OTHER INFORMATION</h3> <p>Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH). The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. COPYRIGHT 1997-2016 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. </p> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="isotopes" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab5"> <h2>Ytterbium Isotopes</h2> <p>Naturally occurring ytterbium has 7 stable <a href="isotopes.html">isotopes</a>: <sup>168</sup>Yb, <sup>170</sup>Yb, <sup>171</sup>Yb, <sup>172</sup>Yb, <sup>173</sup>Yb, <sup>174</sup>Yb, and <sup>176</sup>Yb.</p> <table class="isotopes-table"> <tr> <th scope="col" id="nuclide">Nuclide</th> <th scope="col" id="mass">Isotopic Mass</th> <th scope="col" id="half-life">Half-Life</th> <th scope="col" id="decay">Mode of Decay</th> <th scope="col" id="nuclear-spin">Nuclear Spin</th> <th scope="col" id="magnetic-moment">Magnetic Moment</th> <th scope="col" id="binding-energy">Binding Energy (MeV)</th> <th scope="col" id="natural-abundance">Natural Abundance<br /> (% by atom)</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>148</sup>Yb</th> <td>147.96742(64)#</td> <td>250# ms</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>148</sup>Tm</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1154.37</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>149</sup>Yb</th> <td>148.96404(54)#</td> <td>0.7(2) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>149</sup>Tm</td> <td>(1/2+,3/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1162.45</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>150</sup>Yb</th> <td>149.95842(43)#</td> <td>700# ms [>200 ns]</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>150</sup>Tm</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1179.84</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>151</sup>Yb</th> <td>150.95540(32)</td> <td>1.6(5) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>151</sup>Tm</td> <td>(1/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1187.92</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>152</sup>Yb</th> <td>151.95029(22)</td> <td>3.04(6) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>152</sup>Tm</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1196</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>153</sup>Yb</th> <td>152.94948(21)#</td> <td>4.2(2) s</td> <td>a to <sup>149</sup>Er; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>153</sup>Tm; ß<sup>+</sup>+ p to <sup>152</sup>Er</td> <td>7/2-#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1213.4</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>154</sup>Yb</th> <td>153.946394(19)</td> <td>0.409(2) s</td> <td>a to <sup>150</sup>Er; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>154</sup>Tm</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1221.47</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>155</sup>Yb</th> <td>154.945782(18)</td> <td>1.793(19) s</td> <td>a to <sup>151</sup>Er; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>155</sup>Tm</td> <td>(7/2-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1229.55</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>156</sup>Yb</th> <td>155.942818(12)</td> <td>26.1(7) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>156</sup>Tm; a to <sup>152</sup>Er</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1237.63</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>157</sup>Yb</th> <td>156.942628(11)</td> <td>38.6(10) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>157</sup>Tm; a to <sup>153</sup>Er</td> <td>7/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1245.71</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>158</sup>Yb</th> <td>157.939866(9)</td> <td>1.49(13) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>158</sup>Tm; a to <sup>154</sup>Er</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1263.11</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>159</sup>Yb</th> <td>158.94005(2)</td> <td>1.67(9) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>159</sup>Tm</td> <td>5/2(-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1261.87</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>160</sup>Yb</th> <td>159.937552(18)</td> <td>4.8(2) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>160</sup>Tm</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1279.26</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>161</sup>Yb</th> <td>160.937902(17)</td> <td>4.2(2) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>161</sup>Tm</td> <td>3/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1287.34</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>162</sup>Yb</th> <td>161.935768(17)</td> <td>18.87(19) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>162</sup>Tm</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1295.42</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>163</sup>Yb</th> <td>162.936334(17)</td> <td>11.05(25) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>163</sup>Tm</td> <td>3/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1303.5</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>164</sup>Yb</th> <td>163.934489(17)</td> <td>75.8(17) min</td> <td>EC to <sup>164</sup>Tm</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1311.58</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>165</sup>Yb</th> <td>164.93528(3)</td> <td>9.9(3) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>165</sup>Tm</td> <td>5/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1319.66</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>166</sup>Yb</th> <td>165.933882(9)</td> <td>56.7(1) h</td> <td>EC to <sup>166</sup>Tm</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1327.74</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>167</sup>Yb</th> <td>166.934950(5)</td> <td>17.5(2) min</td> <td>EC to <sup>167</sup>Tm</td> <td>5/2-</td> <td>0.62</td> <td>1335.81</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>168</sup>Yb</th> <td>167.933897(5)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1343.89</td> <td>0.13</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>169</sup>Yb</th> <td>168.935190(5)</td> <td>32.026(5) d</td> <td>EC to <sup>169</sup>Tm</td> <td>7/2+</td> <td>-0.63</td> <td>1351.97</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>170</sup>Yb</th> <td>169.9347618(26)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1360.05</td> <td>3.04</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>171</sup>Yb</th> <td>170.9363258(26)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>0.4919</td> <td>1368.13</td> <td>14.28</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>172</sup>Yb</th> <td>171.9363815(26)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1376.21</td> <td>21.83</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>173</sup>Yb</th> <td>172.9382108(26)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>5/2-</td> <td>-0.6776</td> <td>1384.29</td> <td>16.13</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>174</sup>Yb</th> <td>173.9388621(26)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1392.36</td> <td>31.83</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>175</sup>Yb</th> <td>174.9412765(26)</td> <td>4.185(1) d</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>175</sup>Lu</td> <td>7/2-</td> <td>0.6</td> <td>1391.13</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>176</sup>Yb</th> <td>175.9425717(28)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1399.21</td> <td>12.76</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>177</sup>Yb</th> <td>176.9452608(28)</td> <td>1.911(3) h</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>177</sup>Lu</td> <td>(9/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1407.28</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>178</sup>Yb</th> <td>177.946647(11)</td> <td>74(3) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>178</sup>Lu</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1415.36</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>179</sup>Yb</th> <td>178.95017(32)#</td> <td>8.0(4) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>179</sup>Lu</td> <td>(1/2-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1414.13</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>180</sup>Yb</th> <td>179.95233(43)#</td> <td>2.4(5) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>180</sup>Lu</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1422.2</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>181</sup>Yb</th> <td>180.95615(43)#</td> <td>1# min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>181</sup>Lu</td> <td>3/2-#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1430.28</td> <td>-</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/slippry.min.js"></script> <div class="scrollup">^</div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $(window).scroll(function () { if ($(this).scrollTop() > 350) { $('.scrollup').fadeIn(500); 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