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</header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-研究历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>研究历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-干细胞的种类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#干细胞的种类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>干细胞的种类</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-干细胞的种类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-幹細胞特性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#幹細胞特性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>幹細胞特性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-幹細胞特性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-幹細胞的來源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#幹細胞的來源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>幹細胞的來源</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-幹細胞的來源-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关幹細胞的來源子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-幹細胞的來源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-臍帶血幹細胞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臍帶血幹細胞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>臍帶血幹細胞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-臍帶血幹細胞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-周邊血幹細胞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#周邊血幹細胞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>周邊血幹細胞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-周邊血幹細胞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-胚胎幹細胞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#胚胎幹細胞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>胚胎幹細胞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-胚胎幹細胞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脂肪幹細胞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脂肪幹細胞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>脂肪幹細胞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脂肪幹細胞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-皮膚細胞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#皮膚細胞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>皮膚細胞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-皮膚細胞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-血液细胞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#血液细胞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>血液细胞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-血液细胞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-間葉幹细胞的定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#間葉幹细胞的定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>間葉幹细胞的定義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-間葉幹细胞的定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-干细胞的用途" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#干细胞的用途"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>干细胞的用途</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-干细胞的用途-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-干细胞的应用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#干细胞的应用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>干细胞的应用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-干细胞的应用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-干细胞工程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#干细胞工程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>干细胞工程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-干细胞工程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-干细胞治疗的进展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#干细胞治疗的进展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>干细胞治疗的进展</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-干细胞治疗的进展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-干细胞的分离和获取" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#干细胞的分离和获取"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>干细胞的分离和获取</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-干细胞的分离和获取-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-治療運用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#治療運用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>治療運用</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-治療運用-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关治療運用子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-治療運用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-有潛力的治療病症" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#有潛力的治療病症"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>有潛力的治療病症</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-有潛力的治療病症-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-各类器官的修复" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各类器官的修复"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.1</span> <span>各类器官的修复</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-各类器官的修复-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-癌症" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#癌症"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.2</span> <span>癌症</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-癌症-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-胚胎幹細胞分化為神經細胞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#胚胎幹細胞分化為神經細胞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.2.1</span> <span>胚胎幹細胞分化為神經細胞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-胚胎幹細胞分化為神經細胞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-利用幹細胞注射恢復行走能力" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#利用幹細胞注射恢復行走能力"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.2.2</span> <span>利用幹細胞注射恢復行走能力</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-利用幹細胞注射恢復行走能力-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-肌肉損傷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#肌肉損傷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.3</span> <span>肌肉損傷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-肌肉損傷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-骨骼" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#骨骼"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.4</span> <span>骨骼</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-骨骼-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-利用患者的幹細胞修復心臟缺失" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#利用患者的幹細胞修復心臟缺失"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.5</span> <span>利用患者的幹細胞修復心臟缺失</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-利用患者的幹細胞修復心臟缺失-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-神經學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#神經學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.6</span> <span>神經學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-神經學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-血液补充" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#血液补充"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.7</span> <span>血液补充</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-血液补充-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脱发" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脱发"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.8</span> <span>脱发</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脱发-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-胚胎幹細胞的伦理道德爭議" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#胚胎幹細胞的伦理道德爭議"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>胚胎幹細胞的伦理道德爭議</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-胚胎幹細胞的伦理道德爭議-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-國際情形" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#國際情形"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>國際情形</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-國際情形-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參看" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參看"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>參看</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參看-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">幹細胞</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。84种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamsel" title="Stamsel – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stamsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="خلية جذعية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خلية جذعية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6k_h%C3%BCceyr%C9%99l%C9%99r" title="Kök hüceyrələr – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kök hüceyrələr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A4%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84" title="کؤک سللول – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کؤک سللول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kam%C4%97in%C4%97n%C4%97s_l%C4%81stel%C4%97s" title="Kamėinėnės lāstelės – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kamėinėnės lāstelės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Стваловыя клеткі – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стваловыя клеткі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Стволова клетка – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Стволова клетка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="သဲလ်မွူးနမ်း – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သဲလ်မွူးနမ်း" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7" title="মাতৃকোষ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাতৃকোষ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati%C4%8Dna_%C4%87elija" title="Matična ćelija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Matična ćelija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8l%C2%B7lula_mare" title="Cèl·lula mare – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cèl·lula mare" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="خانەی بنەڕەتی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خانەی بنەڕەتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kmenov%C3%A1_bu%C5%88ka" title="Kmenová buňka – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kmenová buňka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamcelle" title="Stamcelle – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stamcelle" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stammzelle" title="Stammzelle – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stammzelle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Βλαστοκύτταρο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βλαστοκύτταρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Stem cell" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C4%89elo" title="Praĉelo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Praĉelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula_madre" title="Célula madre – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Célula madre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCvirakk" title="Tüvirakk – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tüvirakk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelula_ama" title="Zelula ama – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zelula ama" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="سلول بنیادی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلول بنیادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantasolu" title="Kantasolu – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kantasolu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellule_souche" title="Cellule souche – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cellule souche" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaschill" title="Gaschill – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gaschill" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula_nai" title="Célula nai – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Célula nai" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kon-se-p%C3%A2u" title="Kon-se-pâu – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kon-se-pâu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90_%D7%92%D7%96%D7%A2" title="תא גזע – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תא גזע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="स्टेम कोशिका – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्टेम कोशिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati%C4%8Dne_stanice" title="Matične stanice – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Matične stanice" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%90ssejt" title="Őssejt – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Őssejt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ցողունային բջիջներ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցողունային բջիջներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_originator" title="Cellula originator – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cellula originator" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_punca" title="Sel punca – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sel punca" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stofnfruma" title="Stofnfruma – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stofnfruma" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_staminale" title="Cellula staminale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cellula staminale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="幹細胞 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="幹細胞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_Punca" title="Sel Punca – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sel Punca" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ღეროვანი უჯრედი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ღეროვანი უჯრედი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Бағаналы жасуша – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бағаналы жасуша" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B6" title="ಆಕರ ಕೋಶ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಕರ ಕೋಶ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%84%EA%B8%B0%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC" title="줄기세포 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="줄기세포" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_praecursoria" title="Cellula praecursoria – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cellula praecursoria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamienin%C4%97_l%C4%85stel%C4%97" title="Kamieninė ląstelė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kamieninė ląstelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilmes_%C5%A1%C5%ABna" title="Cilmes šūna – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cilmes šūna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Матична клетка – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Матична клетка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വിത്തുകോശങ്ങൾ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിത്തുകോശങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D2%AF%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Үүдэл эс – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үүдэл эс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="मूलपेशी – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मूलपेशी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_dasar" title="Sel dasar – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sel dasar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%86%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="ပင်မဆဲလ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပင်မဆဲလ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stammzell" title="Stammzell – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Stammzell" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamcel" title="Stamcel – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stamcel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamcelle" title="Stamcelle – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stamcelle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamceller" title="Stamceller – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stamceller" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਸਟੈੱਮ ਸੈੱਲ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਟੈੱਮ ਸੈੱਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kom%C3%B3rki_macierzyste" title="Komórki macierzyste – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komórki macierzyste" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87" title="اصلي حجره – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اصلي حجره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula_estaminal" title="Célula estaminal – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Célula estaminal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celule_stem" title="Celule stem – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Celule stem" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Стволовые клетки – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стволовые клетки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Stem cell" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuo%C4%91%C4%91osealla" title="Vuođđosealla – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Vuođđosealla" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati%C4%8Dna_%C4%87elija" title="Matična ćelija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Matična ćelija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Stem cell" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kme%C5%88ov%C3%A1_bunka" title="Kmeňová bunka – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kmeňová bunka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati%C4%8Dna_celica" title="Matična celica – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Matična celica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qelizat_staminale" title="Qelizat staminale – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qelizat staminale" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%9B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Изворна ћелија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Изворна ћелија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9l_punca" title="Sél punca – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sél punca" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamcell" title="Stamcell – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stamcell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81" title="குருத்தணு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குருத்தணு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="మూల కణం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మూల కణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="เซลล์ต้นกำเนิด – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซลล์ต้นกำเนิด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6k_h%C3%BCcre" title="Kök hücre – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kök hücre" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%BE%DB%88%D8%AC%DB%95%D9%8A%D8%B1%DB%95" title="غول ھۈجەيرە – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="غول ھۈجەيرە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Стовбурові клітини – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стовбурові клітини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84" title="اسٹیم سیل – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسٹیم سیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8%C5%82u%C5%82a_stamina%C5%82e" title="Sèłuła staminałe – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sèłuła staminałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BF_b%C3%A0o_g%E1%BB%91c" title="Tế bào gốc – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tế bào gốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="干细胞 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="干细胞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%9C" title="סטעם צעל – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סטעם צעל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0n-s%C3%A8-pau" title="Kàn-sè-pau – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kàn-sè-pau" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="幹細胞 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="幹細胞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48196#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" 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class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" 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data-noteta-group="Lifesciences"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh:干细胞;zh-hans:干细胞;zh-hk:幹細胞;zh-tw:幹細胞"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:21em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:thistle">幹細胞</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MSC_high_magnification.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/MSC_high_magnification.jpg/250px-MSC_high_magnification.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/MSC_high_magnification.jpg/375px-MSC_high_magnification.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/MSC_high_magnification.jpg/500px-MSC_high_magnification.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1803" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">显示典型的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="亚显微结构">亚显微结构</a>特征的成体干细胞的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E5%B0%84%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E9%95%9C" title="透射电子显微镜">透射电子显微</a>照片</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">标识字符</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><i>Cellula praecursoria</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E8%AF%8D" title="医学主题词">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013234">D013234</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E" title="組織學術語">TH</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/ViewTH/THh100.html">H1.00.01.0.00028、H2.00.01.0.00001</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="解剖学基础模型">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_63368">FMA:63368</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="解剖學術語">解剖學術語</a>》<div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48196" class="extiw" title="d:Q48196">在维基数据上编辑</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80905552">.mw-parser-output ruby.zy{text-align:justify;text-justify:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rp{user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt{font-feature-settings:"ruby"1;font-size:90%;user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt+rt{padding-left:0.15em}</style><ruby class="zy center"><rb>幹</rb><rp>（</rp><rt lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">gàn</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby>細胞</b>（<span lang="en">stem cell</span>）是一类具有自我更新<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（self-renewal）能力和多向分化潜能<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（multipotential differentiation）的细胞，在特定条件下可分化成多种功能细胞<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（functional cell）、组织或器官。 </p><p>幹細胞的特色是较原始、未特化、未充分分化、具有再生各种组织器官的潜在功能，存在於所有多細胞<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="組織 (生物學)">組織</a>裡，能經由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%B5%B2%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="有絲分裂">有絲分裂</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="分化">分化</a>來<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="细胞分裂">分裂</a>成多種的特化細胞，而且可以利用<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" class="mw-redirect" title="細胞分裂">細胞分裂</a>來產生更多相同的幹細胞。對哺乳動物來說，根据其“发育阶段”，幹細胞分為兩大類：<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="胚胎幹細胞">胚胎幹細胞</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E4%BD%93%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="成体干细胞">成体干细胞</a>；根据其“发育潜能”分为四类：全能干细胞、多能干细胞、次多能干细胞（专能干细胞）和单能干细胞。 </p><p>1960年代<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B" title="欧内斯特·麦卡洛克">欧内斯特·麦卡洛克</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%92%82%E5%B0%94" title="詹姆斯·蒂尔">詹姆斯·蒂尔</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%80%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="多倫多大學">多倫多大學</a>的發現，開啟了研究幹細胞的大門<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。幹細胞如今能以人工的方式生長或轉變成數種特化細胞，經由<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E5%9F%B9%E9%A4%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="細胞培養">細胞培養</a>能形成各種特定組織（像是肌肉或神經）的組成細胞。可塑性高的成體幹細胞已常態地運用在醫療上。幹細胞的來源有很多，包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%8D%E5%B8%B6%E8%A1%80" title="臍帶血">脐带血</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AB%93" title="骨髓">骨髓</a>等等。利用胚胎<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%9F%B9%E5%85%BB" title="细胞培养">细胞培养</a>與由<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自体移植" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Autotransplantation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E4%BD%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自体移植（页面不存在）">自体移植</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autotransplantation" class="extiw" title="en:Autotransplantation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Autotransplantation</span></a></span>）</span></span>取得的胚胎幹細胞成長為具治療性的複製體，也可望躋身未來的醫療方式之列<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="医学研究">医学研究</a>者认为干细胞研究（也称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="再生醫學">再生医学</a>）有潜力通过用于修复特定的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="组织 (生物学)">组织</a>或生长<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="器官">器官</a>，改变人类<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="疾病">疾病</a>的应对方法。但是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="美國政府">美國政府</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="國立衛生研究院 (美國)">国家卫生研究院</a>报告指出，“重要的技术障碍仍然存在，通过多年的集中研究才能克服<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。” </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究历史"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>研究历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：研究历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>干细胞的研究被认为开始于1960年代，在加拿大科学家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E7%A7%91%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恩尼斯特·莫科洛克（页面不存在）">恩尼斯特·莫科洛克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB%C2%B7%E5%A0%A4%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="詹姆士·堤尔">詹姆士·堤尔</a>的研究之后。 </p><p>1998年美國有兩個小组分别培養出了人类的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多功能幹細胞（页面不存在）">多功能幹細胞</a>（pluripotent stem cells）： </p> <ul><li>James A. Thomson在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%B7%E6%98%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="威斯康星大学">威斯康星大學</a>領導的研究小组從人类胚胎组織中培養出了幹细胞株。他們使用的方法是：人卵体外受精後，將胚胎培育到囊胚階段，提取inner cell mass细胞，建立细胞株。經測試這些细胞株的细胞表面marker和酶活性，證實他們就是全能幹细胞。用這種方法，每個胚胎可取得15－20幹细胞用於培養。</li> <li>John D. Gearhart在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%99%AE%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰·霍普金斯大学">约翰·霍普金斯大学</a>（Johns Hopkins University）領導的另一個研究小组也從人类胚胎组織中建立了幹细胞株。他們的方法是：從受精後5－9周人工流產的胚胎中提取生殖母细胞（primordial germ cell）。由此培養的细胞株，證實具有全能幹细胞的特徵。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="干细胞的种类"><span id=".E5.B9.B2.E7.BB.86.E8.83.9E.E7.9A.84.E7.A7.8D.E7.B1.BB"></span>干细胞的种类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：干细胞的种类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E6%BD%9B%E8%83%BD" title="細胞潛能">細胞潛能</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stem_cells_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Stem_cells_diagram.png/400px-Stem_cells_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Stem_cells_diagram.png/600px-Stem_cells_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Stem_cells_diagram.png/800px-Stem_cells_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="927" /></a><figcaption>胚胎幹細胞（embryonic stem cells）起源於囊胚（blastocyst）內部細胞（inner mass cells），為多能幹細胞，它可以成為任何組織，但不包括胎盤。只有桑椹胚（morula）的細胞是全能的，可以成為所有組織或胎盤。.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_embryonic_stem_cells.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Human_embryonic_stem_cells.png/250px-Human_embryonic_stem_cells.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="470" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Human_embryonic_stem_cells.png/375px-Human_embryonic_stem_cells.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Human_embryonic_stem_cells.png/500px-Human_embryonic_stem_cells.png 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="1899" /></a><figcaption>人类<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E" title="胚胎">胚胎</a>干细胞<br /> A：尚未分化的干细胞集落。 <br /> B：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F" title="神经">神经</a>细胞，分化后的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="细胞类型（页面不存在）">细胞类型</a>的一个例子。</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>依功能分類：</li></ul> <p>1 . <b>全能幹细胞</b>（totipotent），由卵子和精子的融合产生受精卵后，受精卵分裂，而受精卵在形成胚胎過程中八細胞期之前任一細胞皆是全能幹细胞。具有發展成獨立個體的能力。也就是說能發展成一個個體的細胞就稱為全能干細胞，存在爭議議題，臨床無法使用。 </p> <ul><li><i>具有形成完整个体的分化潜能，如胚胎干细胞（ES细胞），受精卵就是最高层次的胚胎干细胞。</i></li></ul> <p>2 . <b>多能幹細胞</b>（pluripotent），是全能干细胞的后裔，無法發育成一個個體，但具有可以發育成多種組織的能力的細胞。 </p> <ul><li><i>具有分化出多种细胞组织的潜能，如神经幹细胞。一种或多种组织的起源细胞，它能分化出多种类型细胞，但不可能分化出足以构成完整个体的所有细胞。</i></li></ul> <p>3 . <b>次多能幹細胞</b>（multipotent），具有增殖與分化的能力。類似多能幹細胞卻不相同，多能幹細胞的胚胎幹細胞可以無限次複製而且尚未分化；多潛能幹細胞的前驅細胞僅可有限次數的複製，而且已是較分化的（specific），較接近形成目標細胞。如造血幹細胞、神經幹細胞 </p><p>4 . <b>單能幹細胞</b>（unipotent），只能产生一种细胞类型；但是，具有自更新属性，将其与非干细胞区分开。 </p> <ul><li><i>只能向一种或两种密切相关的细胞类型分化，如上皮组织基底层的干细胞，肌肉中的成肌细胞。</i></li></ul> <p>幹細胞还可以依照來源来區分，见下节。 </p> <ul><li>依發育過程出現先後和分布分類：</li></ul> <p>1 . <b><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="胚胎幹細胞">胚胎幹細胞</a></b>（embryonic stem cell）：在胚胎發育早期的囊胚中，可發育為不同的细胞，是所有細胞最初期的形態。<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="胚胎幹細胞">胚胎幹細胞</a>取自<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%8A%E8%83%9A" title="囊胚">囊胚</a>裡的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E5%9C%98" title="內細胞團">內細胞團</a>；而<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E4%BD%93%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="成体干细胞">成体干细胞</a>則來自各式各樣的組織。在成體組織裡，間葉幹細胞與<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="前体细胞">前体细胞</a>擔任身體的修復系統，補充成體組織。在胚胎發展階段，幹細胞不僅能分化為所有的特化細胞- 外胚層、內胚層和中胚層(參考<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%A4%9A%E8%83%BD%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="人工多能干细胞">人工多能幹細胞</a>)，而且能維持新生組織的正常轉移，例如血液、皮膚或腸組織。 </p><p><i>ES细胞是一种高度未分化细胞：</i> </p><p>它具有发育的全能性，能分化出成体动物的所有组织和器官，包括生殖细胞； </p><p>研究和利用ES细胞是当前生物工程领域的核心问题之一； </p><p>在未来几年，ES细胞移植和其它先进生物技术的联合应用很可能在移植医学领域引发革命性进步。<i></i> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mouse_embryonic_stem_cells.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="带有荧光标记的老鼠的胚胎幹細胞"><img alt="带有荧光标记的老鼠的胚胎幹細胞" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mouse_embryonic_stem_cells.jpg/120px-Mouse_embryonic_stem_cells.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mouse_embryonic_stem_cells.jpg/180px-Mouse_embryonic_stem_cells.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mouse_embryonic_stem_cells.jpg/240px-Mouse_embryonic_stem_cells.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="507" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> 带有荧光标记的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E9%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="老鼠">老鼠</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E" title="胚胎">胚胎</a>幹細胞</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_embryonic_stem_cell_colony_phase.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Human embryonic stem cell colony on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layer"><img alt="Human embryonic stem cell colony on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Human_embryonic_stem_cell_colony_phase.jpg/120px-Human_embryonic_stem_cell_colony_phase.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Human_embryonic_stem_cell_colony_phase.jpg/180px-Human_embryonic_stem_cell_colony_phase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Human_embryonic_stem_cell_colony_phase.jpg/240px-Human_embryonic_stem_cell_colony_phase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="894" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Human embryonic stem cell colony on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layer</div> </li> </ul> <p>2 . <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E4%BD%93%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="成体干细胞">成體幹細胞</a></b>（adult stem cell）：亦稱成人幹細胞，現時醫學上常用的大致包括骨髓幹細胞，臍帶血幹細胞及周邊血幹細胞。它們存在成體特定的組織中，具有由幹原細胞形成先驅細胞，分化成具特定功能細胞的能力。例如：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AA%A8%E9%AB%93%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="骨髓幹細胞（页面不存在）">骨髓幹細胞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%80%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="造血干细胞">造血幹細胞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="神經幹細胞">神經幹細胞</a> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stem_cell_division_and_differentiation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stem_cell_division_and_differentiation.svg/220px-Stem_cell_division_and_differentiation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="440" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stem_cell_division_and_differentiation.svg/330px-Stem_cell_division_and_differentiation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stem_cell_division_and_differentiation.svg/440px-Stem_cell_division_and_differentiation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>干细胞分裂和分化。 A：干细胞; B：祖细胞; C：分化细胞; 1：对称干细胞分裂; 2：不对称干细胞分裂; 3：祖细胞分裂; 4：最终分化</figcaption></figure> <p>在特定条件下，成体干细胞或者产生新的干细胞，或者按一定的程序分化，形成新的功能细胞，从而使组织和器官保持生长和衰退的动态平衡。成年动物的许多组织和器官，比如表皮和造血系统，具有修复和再生的能力。成体干细胞在其中起着关键的作用。过去认为干细胞主要包括上皮干细胞和造血干细胞。最近研究表明，以往认为不能再生的神经组织仍然包含神经干细胞，说明干细胞普遍存在，问题是如何寻找和分离各种组织特异性干细胞。干细胞经常位于特定的微环境中。微环境中的间质细胞能够产生一系列生长因子或配体，与干细胞相互作用，控制干细胞的更新和分化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="幹細胞特性"><span id=".E5.B9.B9.E7.B4.B0.E8.83.9E.E7.89.B9.E6.80.A7"></span>幹細胞特性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：幹細胞特性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>幹細胞的經典定義要求它具有兩個特性： </p><p>自我更新：在維持未分化狀態的同時，能夠經歷細胞生長和細胞分裂的無數次週期，稱為細胞增殖。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>分化潛力：分化為特殊細胞類型的能力。從最嚴格的意義上講，這要求幹細胞具有全能性或多能性——能夠產生任何成熟的細胞類型，儘管多能或單能祖細胞有時被稱為幹細胞。除此之外，據說幹細胞功能在回饋機制中受到調節。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="幹細胞的來源"><span id=".E5.B9.B9.E7.B4.B0.E8.83.9E.E7.9A.84.E4.BE.86.E6.BA.90"></span>幹細胞的來源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：幹細胞的來源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>獲得胚胎幹細胞的方法，可利用人工受精的體外受精過程殘留的受精卵，也可利用體細胞轉移法。體細胞轉移法是將體細胞<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="細胞核">細胞核</a>以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A1%AF%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A8%E5%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="顯微注射（页面不存在）">顯微注射</a>或電擊的方法注入去核的卵細胞中，再將之繼續培養到囊胚期。 </p><p>取得成體幹細胞可透過臍帶，骨髓或周邊血液中抽取。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="臍帶血幹細胞"><span id=".E8.87.8D.E5.B8.B6.E8.A1.80.E5.B9.B9.E7.B4.B0.E8.83.9E"></span>臍帶血幹細胞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：臍帶血幹細胞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>婴儿出生后遗留在<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E7%9B%98" class="mw-redirect" title="胎盘">胎盘</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%90%E5%B8%A6" title="脐带">脐带</a>中的血是干细胞的重要来源。自1988年，脐血干细胞就用来治疗<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E9%81%94%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87" title="根達綜合症">根達綜合症</a>、亨達综合症、拉综合症、<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%80%A7%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%80%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="急性淋巴细胞性白血病">急性淋巴细胞性白血病</a>等许多儿童疾病。<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%8D%E5%B8%B6%E8%A1%80" title="臍帶血">脐血</a>从脐带采集；脐带经过清理消毒后，脐血从脐靜脉取出，然后立即分析對於傳染物質和組織類型是必要的。脐血在放入<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%B0%AE" title="液氮">液氮</a>备用之前要经过处理，去除血漿。在使用的时候首先解冻，去除防冻剂，注入病人静脉。这种使用其他捐赠人干细胞的治疗方法叫做<i>异源</i>疗法；如果干细胞来自患者本人，即為<i>同源</i>和當從相同個體收集時，它通常指双胞胎。細胞的排外轉移是於異類之間進行的（發展非常不充分）和有一點研究潛力<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="周邊血幹細胞"><span id=".E5.91.A8.E9.82.8A.E8.A1.80.E5.B9.B9.E7.B4.B0.E8.83.9E"></span>周邊血幹細胞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：周邊血幹細胞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>骨髓中存有人體內最主要造血幹細胞的來源，而周邊血幹細胞則是指藉由施打白血球生長激素〈G-CSF〉，將骨髓中的幹細胞驅動至血液中，再經由血液分離機收集取得之幹細胞。由於與骨髓幹細胞極為相近，現已逐漸取代需要全身麻醉的骨髓抽取手術。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="胚胎幹細胞"><span id=".E8.83.9A.E8.83.8E.E5.B9.B9.E7.B4.B0.E8.83.9E"></span>胚胎幹細胞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：胚胎幹細胞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="胚胎幹細胞">胚胎幹細胞</a></div> <p>胚胎干细胞是从<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E6%B3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="胚泡">胚泡</a>（由50-100个细胞组成的早期<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E" title="胚胎">胚胎</a>）未分化的内部细胞团中得到的干细胞。它们是万能的，意味着它们可以发育成为身体内200多种细胞类型中的任何一种。胚胎幹細胞現在的研究階段仍是剛起步。許多研究仍建立在人類以外之動物模式。例如老鼠、牛或是羊等。在人類的胚胎幹細胞因為幹細胞的取得來源涉及道德倫理上的約束，在幹細胞株上的建立有所爭議。（因為幹細胞株必須取得人類胚胎，再經過培養純化等。因此許多人認為幹細胞株視同為人的一部份） </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="脂肪幹細胞"><span id=".E8.84.82.E8.82.AA.E5.B9.B9.E7.B4.B0.E8.83.9E"></span>脂肪幹細胞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：脂肪幹細胞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以往人們因塑身而抽出的脂肪，大部份都當廢棄物丟掉，現經由醫學專家研究證明:脂肪中含有不夠純但大量的幹細胞，幹細胞具有體外增生及多重分化的潛力，能運用於組織與器官的再生與修復。 <br />其主要特性為： </p> <ol><li>低侵入性取得，對人體無害。</li> <li>最多量的取得方式。</li> <li>可進行體外增生培養。</li> <li>可運用於身體組織類型廣泛，會自動移至創傷部位，進行修補。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="皮膚細胞"><span id=".E7.9A.AE.E8.86.9A.E7.B4.B0.E8.83.9E"></span>皮膚細胞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：皮膚細胞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在2007年尾，美國和日本兩組科學家同時成功把皮膚細胞轉化成一種俗稱為「iPS」的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B1%E5%AF%BC%E5%A4%9A%E8%83%BD%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="诱导多能干细胞">誘導多能幹細胞</a>，並成功使這些幹細胞轉化成為身體器官的一部份。透過向皮膚細胞植入特定的基因，可誘導皮膚細胞改造，變成類似胚胎幹細胞的一種細胞<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="血液细胞"><span id=".E8.A1.80.E6.B6.B2.E7.BB.86.E8.83.9E"></span>血液细胞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：血液细胞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在2012年尾，英国剑桥大学的科学家将一名病人血液中一种能修复血管壁损伤的细胞变成了干细胞。这种方法比用皮肤细胞制造干细胞更实用、更有效、更安全，因为，获取血液样本要比获取高质量的皮肤样本更容易<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="間葉幹细胞的定義"><span id=".E9.96.93.E8.91.89.E5.B9.B9.E7.BB.86.E8.83.9E.E7.9A.84.E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>間葉幹细胞的定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：間葉幹细胞的定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>間葉幹细胞（mesenchymal stem cells）即起源幹细胞（stem cells） </p> <ul><li>具有增殖、自我更新與分化的能力。目前世界各國的醫療團隊努力開發的它的特性用於再生醫療。</li> <li>間葉幹细胞是唯一有臨床試驗三期通過的幹細胞和美國FDA認可。為新藥市場上主力。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="干细胞的用途"><span id=".E5.B9.B2.E7.BB.86.E8.83.9E.E7.9A.84.E7.94.A8.E9.80.94"></span>干细胞的用途</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：干细胞的用途"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>治疗遗传性疾病和恶性肿瘤；</li> <li>以干细胞为种子培育成组织和器官，用于移植医学</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="干细胞的应用"><span id=".E5.B9.B2.E7.BB.86.E8.83.9E.E7.9A.84.E5.BA.94.E7.94.A8"></span>干细胞的应用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：干细胞的应用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>器官修补更新</li> <li>人造器官与组织的来源</li> <li>新药开发</li> <li>基因功能研究</li> <li>基因治疗的工具</li> <li>毒理、药理研究</li> <li>癌症研究</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="干细胞工程"><span id=".E5.B9.B2.E7.BB.86.E8.83.9E.E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B"></span>干细胞工程</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：干细胞工程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>去核胚胎干细胞→核移植→组装胚胎干细胞→组织干细胞→体外诱导培養→各种组织器官 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="干细胞治疗的进展"><span id=".E5.B9.B2.E7.BB.86.E8.83.9E.E6.B2.BB.E7.96.97.E7.9A.84.E8.BF.9B.E5.B1.95"></span>干细胞治疗的进展</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：干细胞治疗的进展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>科学家们认识到干细胞可能成为一种“拯救生命”的有效的疾病治疗手段。</li> <li>例如：小剂量纯化的造血干细胞足可使患者骨髓再生，可以避免肿瘤病人进行自体骨髓移植时所致的瘤细胞（尤其是白血病细胞）污染。</li> <li>例如：成熟的神经系统中存在的干细胞，在某些因素诱导作用下，可增殖和定向分化，给神经退行性疾病（如帕金森氏病）、骨髓损伤患者带来新的希望</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="干细胞的分离和获取"><span id=".E5.B9.B2.E7.BB.86.E8.83.9E.E7.9A.84.E5.88.86.E7.A6.BB.E5.92.8C.E8.8E.B7.E5.8F.96"></span>干细胞的分离和获取</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：干细胞的分离和获取"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1998年美国有两个小组分别培养出了人类的多能干细胞： </p> <ul><li>James A. Thomson在Wisconsin大学领导的研究小组从人类胚胎组织中培养出了干细胞株。他們使用的方法是：人卵体外受精后，将胚胎培育到囊胚阶段，提取inner cell mass细胞，建立细胞株。经测试这些细胞株的细胞表面marker和酶活性，证实它們就是全能干细胞。用这种方法，每个胚胎可取得15－20個干细胞用于培养。</li> <li>John D. Gearhart在Johns Hopkins大学领导的另一个研究小组也从人类胚胎组织中建立了干细胞株。他們的方法是：从受精后5－9周人工流产的胚胎中提取生殖母细胞（primordial germ cell）。由此培养的细胞株，证实具有全能干细胞的特征。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="治療運用"><span id=".E6.B2.BB.E7.99.82.E9.81.8B.E7.94.A8"></span>治療運用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：治療運用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stem_cell_treatments.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Stem_cell_treatments.svg/330px-Stem_cell_treatments.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Stem_cell_treatments.svg/495px-Stem_cell_treatments.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Stem_cell_treatments.svg/660px-Stem_cell_treatments.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1190" /></a><figcaption>正在研究干细胞治疗的疾病和病症。</figcaption></figure> <p>干细胞移植治疗技术，被誉为人类有史以来的飞跃式医疗手段，实现人体各个器官修复和更新，能消除目前80%以上的各类疾病。 </p><p>和胚胎幹細胞所引發的道德爭議相較之下，成體幹細胞較為大家接受。 </p><p>利用成體幹細胞進行治療的困難是並非所有的組織器官皆能分離出幹細胞，且數量很少，若以其他器官分離出來的幹細胞發育成其他組織細胞，其移植和功能性皆低於原器官分離出的幹細胞。經由體外培養的幹細胞，其特性常常會在培養過程中改變，其研究結果可能與臨床情況不同。若是要由病人人體分離幹細胞進行治療，其幹細胞可能也有發病的潛在因子，若進行移植配對尋找捐贈者又很耗時。研究上，成體幹細胞分化的功能尚未完全理清，使用幹細胞治療，可能有風險存在。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="有潛力的治療病症"><span id=".E6.9C.89.E6.BD.9B.E5.8A.9B.E7.9A.84.E6.B2.BB.E7.99.82.E7.97.85.E7.97.87"></span>有潛力的治療病症</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：有潛力的治療病症"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="各类器官的修复"><span id=".E5.90.84.E7.B1.BB.E5.99.A8.E5.AE.98.E7.9A.84.E4.BF.AE.E5.A4.8D"></span>各类器官的修复</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：各类器官的修复"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>干细胞能在短时间内修复各种器官组织，为各类疾病提供非常有效的治疗效果。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="癌症"><span id=".E7.99.8C.E7.97.87"></span>癌症</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：癌症"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>把成人神经干细胞注射到老鼠大脑中的研究可以神奇的成功治疗肿瘤。由于脑癌的扩散如此迅速，运用传统的技术几乎不可能治愈。哈佛医学院的研究人员注射了由基因工程得到的成人干细胞，用以把另外注射的无毒性物质转化成抗癌剂。几天之内，成人干细胞迁移到癌变区域，注射物可以减少百分之八十的肿块。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="胚胎幹細胞分化為神經細胞"><span id=".E8.83.9A.E8.83.8E.E5.B9.B9.E7.B4.B0.E8.83.9E.E5.88.86.E5.8C.96.E7.82.BA.E7.A5.9E.E7.B6.93.E7.B4.B0.E8.83.9E"></span>胚胎幹細胞分化為神經細胞</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：胚胎幹細胞分化為神經細胞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>神经细胞曾被认为是无法再生的，事实上，成人后我们很难获得新的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="神经细胞">神经细胞</a>来弥补原有的细胞的损伤。而对病患注射幹细胞並进行分化，使他们有可能重新获得丧失的能力。被认为可以用于治疗<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="帕金森症">帕金森症</a>等疾病或外部原因造成的脑损伤。 </p><p>在2005年1月，关于如何促使<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="哺乳动物">哺乳动物</a>的干细胞分化成为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="人类">人类</a>脑部<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="细胞">细胞</a>取得了重大进展。这让我们看到了对于一些神经疾病（<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%90%8E%E7%BC%A9%E4%BE%A7%E7%B4%A2%E7%A1%AC%E5%8C%96" title="肌萎缩侧索硬化">肌萎缩侧索硬化</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E4%B8%8D%E8%89%AF" title="肌营养不良">肌营养不良</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93%E6%90%8D%E5%82%B7" title="脊髓損傷">脊髓损伤</a>）治疗的一道曙光。 </p><p>威斯康星州大学的研究人员们成功的将胚胎干细胞催化为神经干细胞，接着成为运动神经细胞，并最终成为脊髓运动神经细胞。这种细胞在人体内作用于传播从脑部到脊髓的信号传播。这种新产生的运动神经细胞表现出电活动，这是神经活动的基本特征。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="利用幹細胞注射恢復行走能力"><span id=".E5.88.A9.E7.94.A8.E5.B9.B9.E7.B4.B0.E8.83.9E.E6.B3.A8.E5.B0.84.E6.81.A2.E5.BE.A9.E8.A1.8C.E8.B5.B0.E8.83.BD.E5.8A.9B"></span>利用幹細胞注射恢復行走能力</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：利用幹細胞注射恢復行走能力"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="肌肉損傷"><span id=".E8.82.8C.E8.82.89.E6.90.8D.E5.82.B7"></span>肌肉損傷</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：肌肉損傷"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="骨骼"><span id=".E9.AA.A8.E9.AA.BC"></span>骨骼</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：骨骼"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>骨髓间充质干细胞是具有自我更新能力并可以分化成为成骨细胞的一种干细胞。多项基于动物骨髓的研究和一些初步的临床数据显示了它们在重建骨骼方面的贡献。在整形外科方面，一些创伤引起的，由癌症引起的或感染引起的骨细胞的损失，在进行手术弥补人造关节会引起一些不便。而进行干细胞的自体移植正可以解决这方面的问题。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="利用患者的幹細胞修復心臟缺失"><span id=".E5.88.A9.E7.94.A8.E6.82.A3.E8.80.85.E7.9A.84.E5.B9.B9.E7.B4.B0.E8.83.9E.E4.BF.AE.E5.BE.A9.E5.BF.83.E8.87.9F.E7.BC.BA.E5.A4.B1"></span>利用患者的幹細胞修復心臟缺失</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：利用患者的幹細胞修復心臟缺失"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="神經學"><span id=".E7.A5.9E.E7.B6.93.E5.AD.B8"></span>神經學</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：神經學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>就像可以移植死人身上的器官一样，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="加利福尼亚">加利福尼亚</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salk_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salk Institute（页面不存在）">Salk Institute</a>的研究人员发现，成年人的干细胞也可以移植。从尸体脑部取出的成人干细胞能够分化成很重要的神经细胞，然而他们到底能不能正常工作还是一个未知数。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="血液补充"><span id=".E8.A1.80.E6.B6.B2.E8.A1.A5.E5.85.85"></span>血液补充</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：血液补充"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="脱发"><span id=".E8.84.B1.E5.8F.91"></span>脱发</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：脱发"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>毛发囊泡也具有干细胞，2004年11月，一些研究人员预言说，这些毛囊干细胞的研究可以导致4－5年内脱发可以通过毛发克隆技术被治愈。预计这种治疗将在最开始从现存毛囊中取出干细胞，在培养基中繁殖然后将新的毛囊移植到头皮当中。后期的治疗可能可以简单的向毛囊干细胞发出信号从而向附近那些因年长而萎缩的毛囊细胞发出化学信号，导致它们轮流再生制造健康的头发。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="胚胎幹細胞的伦理道德爭議"><span id=".E8.83.9A.E8.83.8E.E5.B9.B9.E7.B4.B0.E8.83.9E.E7.9A.84.E4.BC.A6.E7.90.86.E9.81.93.E5.BE.B7.E7.88.AD.E8.AD.B0"></span>胚胎幹細胞的伦理道德爭議</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：胚胎幹細胞的伦理道德爭議"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>所谓干细胞的伦理道德争议问题，实际上仅限于<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="胚胎干细胞">胚胎干细胞</a>（<span lang="en">Embryonic stem cells</span>，简称<b>ES细胞</b>）领域，不涉及其他种类干细胞的研究，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E4%BD%93%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="成体干细胞">成体干细胞</a>（<span lang="en"><b>Adult stem cells</b></span>）以及新发展的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B1%E5%AF%BC%E5%A4%9A%E8%83%BD%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="诱导多能干细胞">诱导多能干细胞</a>（<span lang="en"><b>Induced pluripotent Stem cells</b></span>，简称<span lang="en"><b>iPS</b></span><b>细胞</b>）。问题的关键在于胚胎干细胞的获取过程。依照目前的技术，获取胚胎干细胞需要在<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E6%B3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="胚泡">胚泡</a>（<span lang="en"><b>Blastocyst</b></span>）阶段破坏胚胎，以提取<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E5%9C%98" title="內細胞團">内细胞团</a>（<span lang="en"><b>Inner cell mass</b></span>）。此步骤在许多<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%9B%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="支持生命团体（页面不存在）">支持生命团体</a>（<span lang="en"><b>Pro-life</b></span>）人士看来，是对生命的破坏。为了避免伦理道德的争议，新的获取胚胎干细胞技术正在开发中。值得一提的是，新发展的多能诱导干细胞由于通过對已分化的细胞「<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%96%B0%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B" title="重新编程">重新编程</a>」（<span lang="en"><b>Reprogramming</b></span>）而获得，不会产生伦理道德的争议。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="國際情形"><span id=".E5.9C.8B.E9.9A.9B.E6.83.85.E5.BD.A2"></span>國際情形</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：國際情形"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>泰國</dt></dl> <ul><li>2012年10月22日，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="泰國">泰國</a>「民族報」（The Nation）報導，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%99%BB" title="约翰·格登">古爾登</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%AD%E4%BC%B8%E5%BD%8C" title="山中伸彌">山中伸彌</a>雙雙榮獲2012年<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾">諾貝爾</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%88%96%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎">生理學或醫學獎</a>獎項，此舉激勵了全球相關研究團隊（亦含泰國研究團隊）。但回顧當地研究環境，研究團隊感嘆，當地的技術環境缺乏方向與資金支持<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shenghui, H. 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The distribution of colony-forming cells among spleen colonies. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology. 1963, <b>62</b> (3): 327–36. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14086156"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 14086156</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjcp.1030620313"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1002/jcp.1030620313</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&rft.atitle=The+distribution+of+colony-forming+cells+among+spleen+colonies&rft.au=Siminovitch+L%2C+McCulloch+EA%2C+Till+JE&rft.date=1963&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cellular+and+Comparative+Physiology&rft.pages=327-36&rft.volume=62&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjcp.1030620313&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14086156&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Tuch BE. Stem cells—a clinical update. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Family_Physician&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australian Family Physician（页面不存在）">Australian Family Physician</a>. 2006, <b>35</b> (9): 719–21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16969445"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 16969445</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&rft.atitle=Stem+cells%E2%80%94a+clinical+update&rft.au=Tuch+BE&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Australian+Family+Physician&rft.pages=719-21&rft.volume=35&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16969445&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Institutes of Health, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics6.asp">Stem Cell Basics</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060425170211/http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics6.asp">存檔</a>，存档日期2006-04-25.," July 19, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/stem-cell-self-renewal#:~:text=Self-renewal%20is%20the%20process,while%20maintaining%20the%20undifferentiated%20state.">Stem Cell Self-Renewal - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics</a>. www.sciencedirect.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-09-03</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&rft.atitle=Stem+Cell+Self-Renewal+-+an+overview+%7C+ScienceDirect+Topics&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sciencedirect.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Ftopics%2Fbiochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology%2Fstem-cell-self-renewal%23%3A~%3Atext%3DSelf-renewal%2520is%2520the%2520process%2Cwhile%2520maintaining%2520the%2520undifferentiated%2520state.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sa.ylib.com/saeasylearn/saeasylearnshow.asp?FDocNo=1197&CL=75">神奇的臍帶血</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090305004556/http://sa.ylib.com/saeasylearn/saeasylearnshow.asp?FDocNo=1197&CL=75">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/http://sa.ylib.com/saeasylearn/saeasylearnshow.asp?FDocNo=1197&CL=75">archive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonhealth.com.tw/article/index.jsp?id=4449">該為寶寶存臍帶血嗎？</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091106222840/http://www.commonhealth.com.tw/article/index.jsp?id=4449">存檔</a>，存档日期2009-11-06.，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/http://www.commonhealth.com.tw/article/index.jsp?id=4449">archive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cordblood.com/cord_blood_news/stem_cell_news/a_paralyzed.asp">Stem cell news</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20050828221639/http://www.cordblood.com/cord_blood_news/stem_cell_news/a_paralyzed.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/http://www.cordblood.com/cord_blood_news/stem_cell_news/a_paralyzed.asp">archive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">〈新技術解決道德爭議　皮膚細胞變幹細胞〉，《<a href="/wiki/Am730" title="Am730">am730</a>》2007年11月22日號，p.39 HEALTH版am健康。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">新华网<科学家将血液细胞变成干细胞> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/tech/2012-12/07/c_124057102.htm">http://news.xinhuanet.com/tech/2012-12/07/c_124057102.htm</a> <a href="/wiki/Archive.is" title="Archive.is">Archive.is</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130428154517/http://news.xinhuanet.com/tech/2012-12/07/c_124057102.htm">存檔</a>，存档日期2013-04-28 BBC News <Stem cells being made from blood> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-20539835">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-20539835</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130306141017/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-20539835">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017204429/http://www.cna.com.tw/News/aOPL/201210220115.aspx">泰幹細胞研究資金計畫兩缺林憬屏/曼谷/中央社2012-10-22 13:22:18 PM</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-10-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cna.com.tw/News/aOPL/201210220115.aspx">原始内容</a>存档于2013-10-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&rft.btitle=%E6%B3%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%B3%87%E9%87%91%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB%E5%85%A9%E7%BC%BA%E6%9E%97%E6%86%AC%E5%B1%8F%2F%E6%9B%BC%E8%B0%B7%2F%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A4%BE2012-10-22+13%3A22%3A18+PM&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cna.com.tw%2FNews%2FaOPL%2F201210220115.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參看"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E7.9C.8B"></span>參看</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：參看"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/18px-Esculaap4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/28px-Esculaap4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/37px-Esculaap4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:医学">医学主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E6%80%A7%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="胚性幹細胞">胚性幹細胞</a>（ES細胞）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E8%90%AC%E8%83%BD%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="人工萬能幹細胞">人工萬能幹細胞</a>（iPS細胞，誘導多功能幹細胞）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%80%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="造血干细胞">造血幹細胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="神經幹細胞">神經幹細胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="癌幹細胞">癌幹細胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="幹細胞技術">幹細胞技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="植物干细胞">植物干细胞</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肿瘤干细胞假说（页面不存在）">肿瘤干细胞假说</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E5%8F%8A%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="細胞及幹細胞期刊（页面不存在）">細胞及幹細胞期刊</a>（Cell Stem Cell）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%8B%92-%E6%88%B4%E5%85%8B%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E5%BE%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米勒-戴克綜合徵（页面不存在）">米勒-戴克綜合徵</a>（Miller–Dieker syndrome, MSD）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%AD%E4%BC%B8%E5%BD%8C" title="山中伸彌">山中伸彌</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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.side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stem_cells" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Stem cells"><span style="font-weight:bold;">幹細胞</span></a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/categories/index/stemcells.php">基因组新闻网的干细胞新闻</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060118085851/http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/categories/index/stemcells.php">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/resources/policiesandplayers/">Stem Cells: Policies and Players</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20051225051012/http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/resources/policiesandplayers/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/hottopics/cloning/cloning.jsp">New Scientist's list of stem-cell and cloning related articles it has covered</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20041215051322/http://www.newscientist.com/hottopics/cloning/cloning.jsp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences">PNAS</a></i> supplement: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/vol100/suppl_1/">"Regenerative medicine"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060118024244/http://www.pnas.org/content/vol100/suppl_1/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.HavenWorks.com/health/stem-cell">Stem Cell News</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201002004556/http://www.havenworks.com/health/stem-cell">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celltherapy.co.uk">Latest cell therapy progress</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070929163436/http://www.celltherapy.co.uk/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nakedscientists.com/HTML/Columnists/katarneycolumn3.htm">Turning your Brain into Blood—How stem cells work</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060111124150/http://nakedscientists.com/HTML/Columnists/katarneycolumn3.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v15/i3/stem_cells.asp">Stem cells and Genesis</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20051223183602/http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v15/i3/stem_cells.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） (Christian perspective, includes definitions, opposes ESCR, list of adult stem cell successes).</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nakedscientists.com/HTML/Columnists/chrissmithcolumn2.htm">A new way to grow stem cells outside the body</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060111124506/http://nakedscientists.com/HTML/Columnists/chrissmithcolumn2.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.curesforcalifornia.com">The California Stem Cell Research and Cures Initiative</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190527161522/http://www.curesforcalifornia.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050406014036/http://www.napoli.msnbc.com/id/3077125/">Human hearts repaired using patient's own stem cells (Reuters' article)</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cord-blood.org">Cord-Blood.org Information on cord blood banking</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200620190916/http://www.cord-blood.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.a9.com/-/search/a9-redirect.jsp?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmy.webmd.com%2Fcontent%2Fpages%2F5%2F1728_86999%253Fz%253D1626_00000_5022_pe_02&title=Questions+about+stem+cell+research+answered&token=DA0D2CA54AA61293C5A6B782258BC117&t=10976264254&qt=ws">WebMd's Stem Cells Q & A</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年2月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parentsguidecordblood.com">General information on Umbilical cord blood banking</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070518174350/http://www.parentsguidecordblood.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050309050130/http://www.sacbee.com/content/news/story/11356407p-12270992c.html">Scientists already lining up for Prop. 71 stem cell funds</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abcnews.go.com/Business/Technology/story?id=273177&page=1">Stem-Cell Industry, Research Evolving</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20051216122954/http://abcnews.go.com/Business/Technology/story?id=273177&page=1">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） (Nov. 23 2004, ABC News).</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/spp/civil/crs/RL31015.pdf">Johnson, Judith A. & Erin Williams, <i>Stem Cell Research</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060104163128/http://www.fas.org/spp/civil/crs/RL31015.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress, Order Code RL31015, (August 13, 2004).</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/200411/kt2004112617575710440.htm">Tae-gyu, Kim, <i>Korean Scientists Succeed in Stem Cell Therapy</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060111184929/http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/200411/kt2004112617575710440.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Korea Times (November 26, 2004).</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050404105046/http://www.wpherald.com/storyview.php?StoryID=20041127-121143-6745r"><i>Umbilical Cord Blood Used to Treat Paralysis</i></a>, United Press International (November 27, 2004).</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050828221639/http://www.cordblood.com/cord_blood_news/stem_cell_news/a_paralyzed.asp"><i>Paralyzed Woman Walks Again After Stem Cell Therapy</i></a>, Agence France Presse (November 28, 2004).</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060228144542/http://www.connected.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2004%2F11%2F30%2Fwcells30.xml">Highfield, Roger, <i>Umbilical cord cells "allow paralysed woman to walk"</i></a>, London Telegraph (November 30, 2004).</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journal/vol365/iss9463/abs/llan.365.9463.early_online_publication.32515.1">Human embryonic stem cells derived without feeder cells (Lancet Medical Journal)</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050508043824/http://www.bioon.com/Article/Special/Special1/Index.html">幹細胞醫學</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stemcelllist.com">Stem Cell Research and Industry Directory</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201002004701/http://stemcelllist.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="幹細胞" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stem_cells" title="Template:Stem cells"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stem_cells" title="Template talk:Stem cells"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Stem_cells" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Stem cells"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="幹細胞" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">幹細胞</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">来源/种类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="胚胎幹細胞">胚胎干细胞（ES細胞）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E4%BD%93%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="成体干细胞">成体干细胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AB%E7%98%A4%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="腫瘤幹細胞">癌干细胞（CSC细胞）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="诱导干细胞" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="誘導"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%B1%E5%AF%BC%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="诱导干细胞（页面不存在）">诱导干细胞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%98%E5%B0%8E" class="extiw" title="ja:誘導"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">誘導</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B1%E5%AF%BC%E6%80%A7%E5%A4%9A%E8%83%BD%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="诱导性多能干细胞">诱导性多功能干细胞（iPS细胞）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B1%E5%AF%BC%E6%80%A7%E5%A4%9A%E8%83%BD%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="诱导性多能干细胞">诱导性干细胞（iSC细胞）</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E6%BD%9B%E8%83%BD" title="細胞潛能">細胞潛能</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">全能性（totipotent）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E7%B2%BE%E5%8D%B5" title="受精卵">受精卵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90" title="孢子">孢子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E8%91%9A%E8%83%9A" title="桑葚胚">桑葚胚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">多能性（pluripotent）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="胚胎幹細胞">胚胎幹細胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%92%E5%82%B7%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="癒傷組織">癒傷組織</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">多分化能（multipotent）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="祖細胞">祖细胞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="内皮干细胞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Endothelial stem cell"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E7%9A%AE%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内皮干细胞（页面不存在）">内皮干细胞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial_stem_cell" class="extiw" title="en:Endothelial stem cell"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Endothelial stem cell</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%80%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="造血干细胞">造血干细胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%93%E5%85%85%E8%B3%AA%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="間充質幹細胞">間充質幹細胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="神經幹細胞">神經幹細胞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">单能性（unipotent）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="前体细胞">前体细胞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关文章</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%88%86%E5%8C%96" title="细胞分化">细胞分化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="祖細胞">祖细胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95" title="干细胞疗法">干细胞疗法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="干细胞争议" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stem cell controversy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="干细胞争议（页面不存在）">干细胞争议</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_controversy" class="extiw" title="en:Stem cell controversy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stem cell controversy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="干细胞系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stem cell line"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="干细胞系（页面不存在）">干细胞系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_line" class="extiw" title="en:Stem cell line"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stem cell line</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="干细胞法律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stem cell laws"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="干细胞法律（页面不存在）">干细胞法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_laws" class="extiw" title="en:Stem cell laws"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stem cell laws</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国干细胞法律和政策" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stem cell laws and policy in the United States"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%92%8C%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国干细胞法律和政策（页面不存在）">美国干细胞法律和政策</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_laws_and_policy_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="en:Stem cell laws and policy in the United States"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stem cell laws and policy in the United States</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="干细胞分化中的表观遗传学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Epigenetics in stem cell differentiation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%88%86%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%A8%E8%A7%82%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="干细胞分化中的表观遗传学（页面不存在）">干细胞分化中的表观遗传学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics_in_stem_cell_differentiation" class="extiw" title="en:Epigenetics in stem cell differentiation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Epigenetics in stem cell differentiation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="Category:幹細胞">分类</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stem_cells" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Stem cells">维基共享</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span>維基主題（<a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Portal:生物技術">生物技術</a>·<a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:分子与细胞生物学">分子与細胞生物學</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="基因工程" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Genetic_engineering" title="Template:Genetic engineering"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Genetic_engineering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Genetic engineering（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Genetic_engineering" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Genetic engineering"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="基因工程" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="基因工程">基因工程</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E4%BF%AE%E9%A5%B0%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BD%93" title="遗传修饰生物体">轉基因生物</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9" title="转基因作物">農作物</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="轉基因玉米" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetically modified maize"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%8E%89%E7%B1%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="转基因玉米">玉米</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_maize" class="extiw" title="en:Genetically modified maize"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetically modified maize</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MON_810&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MON 810（页面不存在）">MON 810</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MON_863&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MON 863（页面不存在）">MON 863</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starlink_corn_recall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starlink corn recall（页面不存在）">StarLink</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="轉基因玉米品種列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of varieties of genetically modified maize"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%89%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%8E%89%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%81%E7%A8%AE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轉基因玉米品種列表（页面不存在）">轉基因玉米品種列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_varieties_of_genetically_modified_maize" class="extiw" title="en:List of varieties of genetically modified maize"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of varieties of genetically modified maize</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="轉基因馬鈴薯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetically modified potato"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%89%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E9%A6%AC%E9%88%B4%E8%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轉基因馬鈴薯（页面不存在）">馬鈴薯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_potato" class="extiw" title="en:Genetically modified potato"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetically modified potato</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amflora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amflora（页面不存在）">Amflora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E5%A4%A7%E7%B1%B3" title="黄金大米">黄金大米</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golden_rice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golden rice（页面不存在）">Golden rice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="轉基因大豆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetically modified soybean"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%89%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轉基因大豆（页面不存在）">大豆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_soybean" class="extiw" title="en:Genetically modified soybean"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetically modified soybean</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_ready_soybean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roundup ready soybean（页面不存在）">Roundup ready soybean</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vistive_Gold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vistive Gold（页面不存在）">Vistive Gold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="轉基因番茄" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetically modified tomato"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%89%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%95%AA%E8%8C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轉基因番茄（页面不存在）">番茄</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_tomato" class="extiw" title="en:Genetically modified tomato"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetically modified tomato</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flavr_Savr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flavr Savr（页面不存在）">Flavr Savr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E8%8A%B1" title="棉花">棉花</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bt_cotton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bt cotton（页面不存在）">Bt cotton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C" title="北极苹果">北极苹果</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9F%E5%8D%97%E8%8A%A5" title="拟南芥">拟南芥</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bt_brinjal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bt brinjal（页面不存在）">Brinjal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetically_modified_canola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetically modified canola（页面不存在）">Canola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E6%9C%A8%E7%93%9C" title="番木瓜">番木瓜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0" title="藍玫瑰">藍玫瑰</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SmartStax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SmartStax（页面不存在）">SmartStax</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetically_modified_sugar_beet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetically modified sugar beet（页面不存在）">Sugar beet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%9F%E5%8F%B6" title="烟叶">烟叶</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetically_modified_tree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetically modified tree（页面不存在）">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetically_modified_wheat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetically modified wheat（页面不存在）">Wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DMH-11_Mustard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DMH-11 Mustard（页面不存在）">Mustard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="转基因动物">動物</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="轉基因哺乳動物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetically modified mammal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%89%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轉基因哺乳動物（页面不存在）">哺乳動物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_mammal" class="extiw" title="en:Genetically modified mammal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetically modified mammal</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetically_modified_mouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetically modified mouse（页面不存在）">Mouse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%89%94%E9%99%A4%E5%B0%8F%E9%BC%A0" title="基因剔除小鼠">基因剔除小鼠</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oncomouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oncomouse（页面不存在）">Oncomouse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="转基因动物">環保豬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="转基因动物">赫爾曼公牛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knockout_rat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knockout rat（页面不存在）">Knockout rat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他動物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetically_modified_insect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetically modified insect（页面不存在）">Insects</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetically_modified_fish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetically modified fish（页面不存在）">Fish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%A2%E5%85%89%E9%AD%9A" title="螢光魚">螢光魚</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetically_modified_salmon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetically modified salmon（页面不存在）">Salmon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="转基因动物">鳥類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E4%BF%AE%E9%A5%B0%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BD%93" title="遗传修饰生物体">青蛙</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C" title="基因改造細菌">細菌</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="基因改造病毒">病毒</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice-minus_bacteria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ice-minus bacteria（页面不存在）">Ice-minus bacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97" title="乙型肝炎疫苗">乙型肝炎疫苗</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oncolytic_virus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oncolytic virus（页面不存在）">Oncolytic virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基因工程技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetic engineering techniques"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基因工程技術（页面不存在）">進程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineering_techniques" class="extiw" title="en:Genetic engineering techniques"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetic engineering techniques</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E5%8C%96_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" title="轉化 (生物)">插入DNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E6%9D%86%E8%8F%8C%E5%B1%9E" title="农杆菌属">农杆菌属</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gene_gun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gene gun（页面不存在）">Biolistics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electroporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electroporation（页面不存在）">Electroporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E5%B0%8E" title="轉導">轉導</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E6%9F%93" title="轉染">脂質轉染</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microinjection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microinjection（页面不存在）">Microinjection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%A0%B8%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D" title="体细胞核移植">体细胞核移植</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E6%9F%93" title="轉染">轉染</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">類型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%B5%84DNA" title="重組DNA">重組DNA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgenesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transgenesis（页面不存在）">Transgenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisgenesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisgenesis（页面不存在）">Cisgenesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">用途</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">農業方面</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81" title="基因改造食品">基因改造食品</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE" title="转基因食品争议">转基因食品争议</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%94%A2%E8%97%A5" title="生物產藥">生物產藥</a></li> <li>公司 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%AB" title="巴斯夫">BASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E8%80%B3" title="拜耳">拜耳</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%B1%B1%E9%83%BD" title="孟山都">孟山都</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%B6%E6%B0%8F%E7%9B%8A%E5%86%9C" title="美国陶氏益农">美国陶氏益农</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuPont_Pioneer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DuPont Pioneer（页面不存在）">DuPont Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%81%94" title="先正達">先正達</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="基因治療">人類基因治療</a>及診斷</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="基因治療">基因治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="基因治療">基因增強</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%AA%A2%E6%B8%AC" title="基因檢測">基因檢測</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">研究中</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%89%94%E9%99%A4" title="基因剔除">基因剔除</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%95%B2%E8%90%BD" title="基因敲落">基因敲落</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E9%9D%B6%E5%90%91" title="基因靶向">基因靶向</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關文章</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="基因工程历史">基因工程历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="基因工程">轉基因</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Detection_of_genetically_modified_organisms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detection of genetically modified organisms（页面不存在）">Detection of genetically modified organisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="基因污染">基因污染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="基因改造病毒">基因改造病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C" title="基因改造細菌">基因改造細菌</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetics_in_fiction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetics in fiction（页面不存在）">Genetics in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%A2%9E%E5%BC%BA" title="人类增强">人类增强</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reverse_transfection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reverse transfection（页面不存在）">Reverse transfection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="超人类主义">超人类主义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetic_use_restriction_technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetic use restriction technology（页面不存在）">Genetic use restriction technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基因工程法規" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Regulation of genetic engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基因工程法規（页面不存在）">法規</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_genetic_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Regulation of genetic engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Regulation of genetic engineering</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡塔赫納生物安全議定書" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E8%B5%AB%E7%B4%8D%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E8%AD%B0%E5%AE%9A%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡塔赫納生物安全議定書（页面不存在）">卡塔赫納生物安全議定書</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartagena_Protocol_on_Biosafety" class="extiw" title="en:Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetic_engineering_in_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetic engineering in Europe（页面不存在）">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetic_engineering_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetic engineering in Africa（页面不存在）">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetic_engineering_in_Asia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetic engineering in Asia（页面不存在）">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetic_engineering_in_North_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetic engineering in North America（页面不存在）">North America</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetic_engineering_in_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetic engineering in the United States（页面不存在）">US</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetic_engineering_in_South_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetic engineering in South America（页面不存在）">South America</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetic_engineering_in_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetic engineering in Oceania（页面不存在）">Oceania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">類似領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="合成生物学">合成生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9A%86" title="克隆">克隆</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">幹細胞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" 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