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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexander Braun</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Braun_(Botaniker)" title="Alexander Braun (Botaniker) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Alexander Braun (Botaniker)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="ألكسندر براون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألكسندر براون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Braun" title="Aleksandr Braun – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aleksandr Braun" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD" title="Аляксандр Браўн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аляксандр Браўн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Braun_(Botaniker)" title="Alexander Braun (Botaniker) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alexander Braun (Botaniker)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD" title="Αλέξανδρος Μπράουν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλέξανδρος Μπράουν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Karl_Heinrich_Braun" title="Alexander Karl Heinrich Braun – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alexander Karl Heinrich Braun" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Braun" title="Alexander Braun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alexander Braun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Karl_Heinrich_Braun" title="Alexander Karl Heinrich Braun – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alexander Karl Heinrich Braun" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Braun" title="Alexander Braun – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alexander Braun" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Carl_Heinrich_Braun" title="Alexander Carl Heinrich Braun – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alexander Carl Heinrich Braun" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Braun" title="Alexander Braun – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alexander Braun" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Braun" title="Alexander Braun – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alexander Braun" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="الكسندر براون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكسندر براون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Braun" title="Alexander Braun – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alexander Braun" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3" title="アレクサンダー・ブラウン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレクサンダー・ブラウン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Braun" title="Alexander Braun – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alexander Braun" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Karl_Heinrich_Braun" title="Alexander Karl Heinrich Braun – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alexander Karl Heinrich Braun" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80" title="Браун, Александр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Браун, Александр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Александар Браун – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Александар Браун" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Braun" title="Alexander Braun – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alexander Braun" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Braun" title="Alexander Braun – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alexander Braun" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Alexander Braun</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Plate_07_Alexander_Braun,_Photograph_album_of_German_and_Austrian_scientists_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Plate_07_Alexander_Braun%2C_Photograph_album_of_German_and_Austrian_scientists_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Plate_07_Alexander_Braun%2C_Photograph_album_of_German_and_Austrian_scientists_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Plate_07_Alexander_Braun%2C_Photograph_album_of_German_and_Austrian_scientists_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Plate_07_Alexander_Braun%2C_Photograph_album_of_German_and_Austrian_scientists_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Plate_07_Alexander_Braun%2C_Photograph_album_of_German_and_Austrian_scientists_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Plate_07_Alexander_Braun%2C_Photograph_album_of_German_and_Austrian_scientists_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1463" data-file-height="2147" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Alexander Braun in 1876</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">10 May 1805<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Regensburg</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 March 1877<span style="display:none">(1877-03-29)</span> (aged 71)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Comparative_anatomy" title="Comparative anatomy">morphology</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Freiburg" title="University of Freiburg">Freiburg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Giessen" title="University of Giessen">Giessen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">Author abbrev. (botany)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">A.Braun</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <b>Alexander Carl Heinrich Braun</b> (10 May 1805 – 29 March 1877) was a German <a href="/wiki/Botanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanist">botanist</a> from <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>, Bavaria. His research centered on the morphology of plants and was a very influential teacher who worked as a professor of botany at the universities of Freiburg, Giessen, and Berlin at various times. He was also the director of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Botanical_Garden_and_Botanical_Museum" title="Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum">Berlin Botanical Garden</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Braun&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Braun was born in Regensburg (Ratisbon) where his father Alexander was a tax inspector in the postal department. His mother Henriette was the daughter of a priest and mathematics professor. He studied at Karlsruhe and Freiburg (Breisgau) where his father was transferred. He went to the University of Heidelberg to study medicine. His teachers included <a href="/wiki/Gottlieb_Wilhelm_Bischoff" title="Gottlieb Wilhelm Bischoff">Gottlieb Wilhelm Bischoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Dierbach" title="Johann Heinrich Dierbach">Johann Heinrich Dierbach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_Schelver" title="Franz Joseph Schelver">Franz Joseph Schelver</a>. At Heidelberg he studied with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Schimper" title="Karl Friedrich Schimper">Carl Schimper</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Engelmann" title="George Engelmann">George Engelmann</a>. Agassiz would marry Braun's sister Cecilie while Schimper was engaged briefly to Braun's sister Emilie. He completed his studies at Paris and <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1833 he began teaching botany at the Polytechnic School of <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>, staying there until 1846. Afterwards he was a professor of botany in <a href="/wiki/University_of_Freiburg" title="University of Freiburg">Freiburg</a> (from 1846), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Giessen" title="University of Giessen">Giessen</a> (from 1850) and at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a> (1851), where he remained until 1877. While in Berlin, he was also director of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Botanical_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Botanical Garden">botanical garden</a>. He designed the layout which was later documented by Paul Friedrich August Ascherson. In 1852, he was elected a foreign member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a>. With <a href="/wiki/Gottlob_Ludwig_Rabenhorst" title="Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst">Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst</a> (1806–1881) and <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Stizenberger" title="Ernst Stizenberger">Ernst Stizenberger</a> (1827–1895), he was editor of the <a href="/wiki/Exsiccata" title="Exsiccata">exsiccata</a> series <i>Die Characeen Europa's in getrockneten Exemplaren, unter Mitwirkung mehrerer Freunde der Botanik, gesammelt und herausgegeben von Prof. A. Braun, L. Rabenhorst und E. Stizenberger</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Braun is largely known for his research involving <a href="/wiki/Plant_morphology" title="Plant morphology">plant morphology</a>. He accepted evolution but was a critic of <a href="/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism">Darwinism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a proponent of <a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">vitalism</a>, a popular 19th-century speculative theory that claimed that a regulative force existed within living matter in order to maintain functionality. Braun made important contributions in the field of <a href="/wiki/Cell_theory" title="Cell theory">cell theory</a>. His students included <a href="/wiki/August_W._Eichler" title="August W. Eichler">August Wilhelm Eichler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From his 1830s analysis of the arrangement of scales on a <a href="/wiki/Pine_cone" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine cone">pine cone</a> he was a pioneer of mathematical <a href="/wiki/Phyllotaxis" title="Phyllotaxis">phyllotaxis</a> developing what is called the Schimper-Braun theory.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1877, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Philippe_Schimper" title="Wilhelm Philippe Schimper">Wilhelm Philippe Schimper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Bruch" title="Philipp Bruch">Philipp Bruch</a> named the plant genus <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braunia_(plant)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braunia (plant) (page does not exist)">Braunia</a></i> in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, a decorative plant known as "Braun's holly <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">fern</a>" (<i><a href="/wiki/Polystichum_braunii" title="Polystichum braunii">Polystichum braunii</a></i>) commemorates his name.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Braun&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Published works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1831: <i>Untersuchung über die Ordnung der Schuppen an den Tannenzapfen</i> (Investigation on the order of shapes in pine cones).</li> <li>1842: <i>Nachträgliche Mitteilungen über die Gattungen Marsilia und Pilularia</i> (Additional releases on the genera <a href="/wiki/Marsilea" title="Marsilea">Marsilea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pilularia" title="Pilularia">Pilularia</a>).</li> <li>1851: <i>Betrachtungen über die Erscheinung der Verjüngung in der Natur, insbesondere in der Lebens- und Bildungsgeschichte der Pflanze</i> (Leipzig, 198 pp.) (Reflections on the phenomenon of rejuvenation in nature, particularly in the life and developmental history of the plant).</li> <li>1852: <i>Über die Richtungsverhältnisse der Saftströme in den Zellen der Characeen</i>. (on directional conditions involving juice flow in the cell of <a href="/wiki/Characeae" title="Characeae">Characeae</a>).</li> <li>1853: <i>Das Individuum der Pflanze in seinem Verhältnis zur Spezies etc.</i> (The individual plant in its relation to species, etc.).</li> <li>1854: <i>Über den schiefen Verlauf der Holzfaser und die dadurch bedingte Drehung der Stämme</i></li> <li>1854: <i>Über einige neue und weniger bekannte Krankheiten der Pflanzen, welche durch Pilze erzeugt werden</i> (On new and lesser-known diseases of plants produced by fungi).</li> <li>1854: <i>Das Individuum der Species in seinem Verhältnis zur Pflanze</i> (The individual of the species in its relationship to the plant).</li> <li>1855: "Algarum unicellularium genera nova et minus cognita".</li> <li>1856: <i>Über Chytridium, eine Gattung einzelliger Schmarotzergewächse auf Algen und Infusorien</i> (On <a href="/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota">Chytridium</a>, a genus of unicellular parasites on <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infusoria" title="Infusoria">infusoria</a>).</li> <li>1857: <i>Über Parthenogenesis bei Pflanzen</i> (On <a href="/wiki/Parthenogenesis" title="Parthenogenesis">parthenogenesis</a> in plants)</li> <li>1860: <i>Über Polyembryonie und Keimung von Caelebogyne</i> (<a href="/wiki/Polyembryony" title="Polyembryony">Polyembryony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germination" title="Germination">germination</a> of <a href="/wiki/Caelebogyne" class="mw-redirect" title="Caelebogyne">Caelebogyne</a>).</li> <li>1861: <i> Index seminum Horti Botanici Berolinensis: Appendix Plantarum Novrum et minus cognitarum quea in Horto region botanico Berolinensi coluntur. </i></li> <li>1862: <i>Über die Bedeutung der Morphologie</i> (On the importance of morphology).</li> <li>1862: <i>Zwei deutsche Isoetesarten</i> (Two German <a href="/wiki/Iso%C3%ABtes" class="mw-redirect" title="Isoëtes">Isoëtes</a> species).</li> <li>1863: <i>Über Isoetes</i> (On <a href="/wiki/Quillwort" class="mw-redirect" title="Quillwort">quillworts</a>).</li> <li>1865: <i>Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Selaginella</i> (Contribution to the knowledge of the genus <a href="/wiki/Selaginella" title="Selaginella">Selaginella</a>).</li> <li>1867: <i>Die Characeen Afrikas</i> (African <a href="/wiki/Characeae" title="Characeae">Characeae</a>).</li> <li>1867: "Conspectus systematicus Characearum europaearum".</li> <li>1870: <i>Neuere Untersuchungen über die Gattungen Marsilia und Pilularia</i> (Recent studies on the genera <a href="/wiki/Marsilea" title="Marsilea">Marsilea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pilularia" title="Pilularia">Pilularia</a>).</li> <li>1872: <i>Über die Bedeutung der Entwicklung in der Naturgeschichte</i> (On the importance of development in <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a>).</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1213917922">.mw-parser-output .botanist-bordered{border:0 solid #ddd;border-width:2px 0;padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .botanist .nickname{font-weight:bold}</style><div class="metadata botanist-bordered"><span class="botanist">The standard <a href="/wiki/List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation_(A)" title="List of botanists by author abbreviation (A)">author abbreviation</a> <span class="vcard"><span class="fn n"><span class="nickname">A.Braun</span></span></span> is used to indicate this person as the author when <a href="/wiki/Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">citing</a> a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_name" title="Botanical name">botanical name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Braun&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Freiburg_Faculty_of_Biology" title="University of Freiburg Faculty of Biology">University of Freiburg Faculty of Biology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Braun&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZiegenspeck,_Hermann1955" class="citation book cs1">Ziegenspeck, Hermann (1955). "Braun, Alexander". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd116415576.html#ndbcontent"><i>Neue Deutsche Biographie 2</i></a>. p. 548.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Braun%2C+Alexander&rft.btitle=Neue+Deutsche+Biographie+2&rft.pages=548&rft.date=1955&rft.au=Ziegenspeck%2C+Hermann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutsche-biographie.de%2Fpnd116415576.html%23ndbcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Braun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=1692955391">"Die Characeen Europa's in getrockneten Exemplaren, unter Mitwirkung mehrerer Freunde der Botanik, gesammelt und herausgegeben von Prof. A. Braun, L. Rabenhorst und E. Stizenberger: IndExs ExsiccataID=1692955391"</a>. <i>IndExs - Index of Exsiccatae</i>. Botanische Staatssammlung München<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndExs+-+Index+of+Exsiccatae&rft.atitle=Die+Characeen+Europa%27s+in+getrockneten+Exemplaren%2C+unter+Mitwirkung+mehrerer+Freunde+der+Botanik%2C+gesammelt+und+herausgegeben+von+Prof.+A.+Braun%2C+L.+Rabenhorst+und+E.+Stizenberger%3A+IndExs+ExsiccataID%3D1692955391&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botanischestaatssammlung.de%2FDatabaseClients%2FIndExs%2FExsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp%3FExsiccataID%3D1692955391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Braun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProctor1980" class="citation journal cs1">Proctor, Vernon W. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1980.tb03023.x">"Historical biogeography of Chara (Charophyta): an appraisal of the Braun-Wood classification plus a falsifiable alternative for future consideration"</a>. <i>Journal of Phycology</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 218–233. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.1980.tb03023.x">10.1111/j.1529-8817.1980.tb03023.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3646">0022-3646</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=Historical+biogeography+of+Chara+%28Charophyta%29%3A+an+appraisal+of+the+Braun-Wood+classification+plus+a+falsifiable+alternative+for+future+consideration&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=218-233&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.1980.tb03023.x&rft.issn=0022-3646&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=Vernon+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.1980.tb03023.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Braun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glick, Thomas F. (1988). <i>The Comparative Reception of Darwinism</i>. University of Chicago Press. p. 86. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-29977-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-29977-5">0-226-29977-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138466">"Alexander Braun"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</i>. <b>12</b>: 325–326. 1876. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-9818">0199-9818</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.atitle=Alexander+Braun&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=325-326&rft.date=1876&rft.issn=0199-9818&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25138466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Braun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrasburger1895" class="citation journal cs1">Strasburger, Eduard (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/327198">"The Development of Botany in Germany During the Nineteenth Century [Concluded]"</a>. <i>Botanical Gazette</i>. <b>20</b> (6): 249–257. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F327198">10.1086/327198</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-8071">0006-8071</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+Botany+in+Germany+During+the+Nineteenth+Century+%5BConcluded%5D&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=249-257&rft.date=1895&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F327198&rft.issn=0006-8071&rft.aulast=Strasburger&rft.aufirst=Eduard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2F10.1086%2F327198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Braun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/015490a0">"Alexander Braun"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>15</b> (388): 490–490. 1877. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F015490a0">10.1038/015490a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Alexander+Braun&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=388&rft.pages=490-490&rft.date=1877&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F015490a0&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2F015490a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Braun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/80/3/231.pdf">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> A History of the Study of Phyllotaxis</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdlerBarabeJean1997" class="citation journal cs1">Adler, I; Barabe, D.; Jean, R.V. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-lookup/doi/10.1006/anbo.1997.0422">"A History of the Study of Phyllotaxis"</a>. <i>Annals of Botany</i>. <b>80</b> (3): 231–244. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fanbo.1997.0422">10.1006/anbo.1997.0422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Botany&rft.atitle=A+History+of+the+Study+of+Phyllotaxis&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=231-244&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fanbo.1997.0422&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Barabe%2C+D.&rft.au=Jean%2C+R.V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Faob%2Farticle-lookup%2Fdoi%2F10.1006%2Fanbo.1997.0422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Braun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=104560">EFloras, Flora of North America</a> Braunia Bruch & Schimper</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UNe-JB5ftKEC&pg=PA326">[2]</a> Encyclopedia of garden ferns by Suzanne Olsen</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Plant_Names_Index" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=A.Braun"><i> A.Braun</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=+A.Braun&rft.au=International+Plant+Names+Index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fipni%2FadvAuthorSearch.do%3Ffind_abbreviation%3DA.Braun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Braun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Braun&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>This article is based on a translation of the equivalent article at the <a href="/wiki/German_Wikipedia" title="German Wikipedia">German Wikipedia</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd116415576.html">Biography</a> at Deutsche Biographie.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Braun&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Alexander Braun</i>. In: <i>Leopoldina</i> — On line: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/leopoldina13kais#page/50/mode/2up">part 1, 1871–1872, p. 50–60</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._W._Eichler" class="mw-redirect" title="A. W. Eichler">A. W. Eichler</a>. <i>Rede bei der Enthüllung des Denkmals von Alexander Braun</i>, 1879 <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Braun&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Braun, Alexander"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Braun,_Alexander">"Braun, Alexander" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Braun%2C+Alexander&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Braun" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/66581901">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/207025/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrWyk6gYWCCwc9dxwrpfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/116415576">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87127193">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12560296z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12560296z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35200918">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=hka2017951151&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p146446992">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=217196">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810695484805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007302595205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02753167?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=A.Braun">International Plant Names Index</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/alexander-braun/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/862278">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd116415576.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/116415576">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034899499">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bg6hf2">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/50452">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Braun&oldid=1233311073">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Braun&oldid=1233311073</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1805_births" title="Category:1805 births">1805 births</a></li><li><a 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