CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1"/><title>Strong's Hebrew: 2194. זָעַם (zaam) -- To be indignant, to denounce, to express wrath</title></title><link rel="canonical" href="http://biblehub.com/hebrew/2194.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/strongsnew2.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/interlinear/vmenus/numbers/23-8.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmstrongs/hebrew/2194.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's</a> > <a href="/englishmans_hebrew.htm">Hebrew</a> > 2194</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="../hebrew/2193.htm" title="2193">◄</a> 2194. zaam <a href="../hebrew/2195.htm" title="2195">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheading">Strong's Lexicon</div><div align="left"><span class="toptitle2">zaam: To be indignant, to denounce, to express wrath</span></div><p><span class="tophdg">Original Word: </span><span class="hebrew">זָעַם</span><br><span class="tophdg">Part of Speech: </span>Verb<br><span class="tophdg">Transliteration: </span>za`am<br><span class="tophdg">Pronunciation: </span>zah-am<br><span class="tophdg">Phonetic Spelling: </span>(zaw-am')<br><span class="tophdg">Definition: </span>To be indignant, to denounce, to express wrath<br><span class="tophdg">Meaning: </span>to foam at the mouth, to be enraged<p><span class="tophdg">Word Origin: </span>A primitive root<p><span class="tophdg">Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: </span> - <b>G3709 (orge):</b> Often translated as "wrath" or "anger," this Greek term is used in the New Testament to describe God's righteous anger, similar to the Hebrew "zaam."<p><span class="tophdg">Usage: </span>The Hebrew verb "zaam" primarily conveys a sense of indignation or wrath, often in the context of divine judgment or denunciation. It is used to describe God's righteous anger against sin and injustice. The term can also imply a strong disapproval or condemnation, reflecting a moral and ethical stance against wrongdoing.<p><span class="tophdg">Cultural and Historical Background: </span>In the ancient Near Eastern context, expressions of divine wrath were common in religious texts, reflecting the belief that deities were actively involved in the moral order of the world. In the Hebrew Bible, God's wrath is not arbitrary but is a response to covenant violations, idolatry, and social injustices. The concept of divine wrath served as a warning to the Israelites to adhere to the covenantal laws and maintain social justice.<div class="vheading2">NAS Exhaustive Concordance</div><span class="hdg">Word Origin</span><br>a prim. root<br><span class="hdg">Definition</span><br>to be indignant<br><span class="hdg">NASB Translation</span><br>abhor (1), angry (1), become enraged (1), been indignant (1), cursed (2), denounce (2), denounced (1), indignant (2), indignation (1).<p><div align="center"><span class="smalltext"><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/nasec.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe></span></div><div class="vheading2">Brown-Driver-Briggs</div> <font class="hebrew2">זָעַם</font> <font size="+1" color="#552200"><b>verb</b></font> <font size="+1"><b>be indignant</b></font> (compare Aramaic (rare) <img src="/bdbgif/bdb027603.gif"> <em>blame</em>, & noun <img src="/bdbgif/bdb027604.gif">; Arabic <img src="/bdbgif/bdb027605.gif"> onomatopoetic, of <em>roar</em> of camel, <em>angry speech</em>, see Frey, De on <a href="/interlinear/psalms/7-12.htm">Psalm 7:12</a>) — <em>Perfect</em> <font class="hebrew2">׳</font><font class="hebrew2">ז</font> <a href="/interlinear/numbers/23-8.htm">Numbers 23:8</a> 3t.; <font class="hebrew2">זָעַמְתָּה</font> <a href="/interlinear/zechariah/1-12.htm">Zechariah 1:12</a>; <em>Imperfect</em> <font class="hebrew2">אֶזְעֹם</font> <a href="/interlinear/numbers/23-8.htm">Numbers 23:8</a>; 3plural suffix <font class="hebrew2">יִזְעָמוּהוּ</font> <a href="/interlinear/proverbs/24-24.htm">Proverbs 24:24</a>; <em>Imperative</em> <font class="hebrew2">זֹעֲמָה</font> <a href="/interlinear/numbers/23-7.htm">Numbers 23:7</a> (for <font class="hebrew2">זָָֽעָמֳה</font> Ges<sup>§ 64</sup>, (2)); <em>Participle active</em> <font class="hebrew2">זֹעֵם</font> <a href="/interlinear/psalms/7-12.htm">Psalm 7:12</a>; <em>passive</em> construct <font class="hebrew2">זְעוּם</font> <a href="/interlinear/proverbs/22-14.htm">Proverbs 22:14</a>; feminine <font class="hebrew2">זְעוּמָה</font> <a href="/interlinear/micah/6-10.htm">Micah 6:10</a>; — <p><font size="+1" color="#552200"><b>1</b></font> <em>be indignant, have indignation</em>, of hostile prince <font class="hebrew2">עַל בְּרִית קוֺדֶשׁ</font> <a href="/interlinear/daniel/11-30.htm">Daniel 11:30</a>; elsewhere of Yahweh, who is <font class="hebrew2">אֵל זֹעֵם</font> <a href="/interlinear/psalms/7-12.htm">Psalm 7:12</a> ("" <font class="hebrew2">שׁוֺפֵט</font>), with accusative of enemy <a href="/interlinear/isaiah/66-14.htm">Isaiah 66:14</a>; cities of Judah <a href="/interlinear/zechariah/1-12.htm">Zechariah 1:12</a>; people <a href="/interlinear/malachi/1-4.htm">Malachi 1:4</a>; a man <a href="/interlinear/proverbs/22-14.htm">Proverbs 22:14</a>. <font size="+1" color="#552200"><b>2</b></font> <font size="+1">**</font>[<p><font size="+1" color="#552200"><b>2</b></font> is probably denominative from <font class="hebrew2">זַעַם</font> (see Buhl).] <em>express indignation in speech, denounce, curse</em> "" <font class="hebrew2">יִקְּבֻהוּ</font> <a href="/interlinear/proverbs/24-24.htm">Proverbs 24:24</a>; "" <font class="hebrew2">אֶקֹּב</font> and <font class="hebrew2">אָֽרָהֿ</font> <a href="/interlinear/numbers/23-7.htm">Numbers 23:7</a>,8 (twice in verse) (E); <font class="hebrew2">זְעוּמָה אֵיפַת רָזוֺן</font> <a href="/interlinear/micah/6-10.htm">Micah 6:10</a> <em>an ephah of scantiness, denounced</em>, or <em>cursed</em>. <p><font size="+1" color="#552200"><b>Niph`al</b></font> <em>Participle</em> plural <font class="hebrew2">מָּנִים נִזְעָמִים</font> <a href="/interlinear/proverbs/25-23.htm">Proverbs 25:23</a> <em>face stirred with indignation</em>. <br><br><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/bsoft2.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">Strong's Exhaustive Concordance</div>abhor, abominable, be angry, defy, have indignation <p>A primitive root; properly, to foam at the mouth, i.e. To be enraged -- abhor, abominable, (be) angry, defy, (have) indignation. <div class="vheading2">Forms and Transliterations</div>אֶזְעֹ֔ם אזעם וְזָעַ֖ם וְזָעַ֥ם וזעם זְע֥וּם זְעוּמָֽה׃ זָעַ֔מְתָּה זָעַ֖ם זָעַ֥ם זֹעֲמָ֥ה זֹעֵ֥ם זעום זעומה׃ זעם זעמה זעמתה יִזְעָמ֥וּהוּ יזעמוהו נִ֝זְעָמִ֗ים נזעמים ’ez‘ōm ’ez·‘ōm ezOm niz‘āmîm niz·‘ā·mîm nizaMim vezaAm wə·zā·‘am wəzā‘am yiz‘āmūhū yiz·‘ā·mū·hū yizaMuhu zā‘am zā‘amtāh zā·‘am zā·‘am·tāh zaAm zaAmtah zə‘ūm zə‘ūmāh zə·‘ū·māh zə·‘ūm zeUm zeuMah zō‘ămāh zō‘êm zō·‘ă·māh zō·‘êm zoaMah zoEm<div class="vheading2">Links</div><a href="/interlinear/matthew/1-1.htm">Interlinear Greek</a> • <a href="/interlinear/genesis/1-1.htm">Interlinear Hebrew</a> • <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's Numbers</a> • <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Englishman's Greek Concordance</a> • <a href="/englishmans_hebrew.htm">Englishman's Hebrew Concordance</a> • <a href="/texts/matthew/1-1.htm">Parallel Texts</a></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><div class="vheading">Englishman's Concordance</div><b><a href="/text/numbers/23-7.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Numbers 23:7</a> </b><br><a href="/interlinear/numbers/23.htm" title="Hebrew">HEB:</a> <span class="hebrew3">יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּלְכָ֖ה <b> זֹעֲמָ֥ה </b> יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/numbers/23.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> for me, And come, <span class="itali">denounce</span> Israel!'<br><a href="/kjvs/numbers/23.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> me Jacob, and come, <span class="itali">defy</span> Israel.<br><a href="/interlinear/numbers/23-7.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> Jacob and come <span class="itali">denounce</span> Israel<p><b><a href="/text/numbers/23-8.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Numbers 23:8</a> </b><br><a href="/interlinear/numbers/23.htm" title="Hebrew">HEB:</a> <span class="hebrew3">אֵ֑ל וּמָ֣ה <b> אֶזְעֹ֔ם </b> לֹ֥א זָעַ֖ם</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/numbers/23.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> And how <span class="itali">can I denounce</span> whom the LORD<br><a href="/kjvs/numbers/23.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> hath not cursed? <span class="itali">or how shall I defy,</span> [whom] the LORD<br><a href="/interlinear/numbers/23-8.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> God How <span class="itali">denounce</span> not denounce<p><b><a href="/text/numbers/23-8.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Numbers 23:8</a> </b><br><a href="/interlinear/numbers/23.htm" title="Hebrew">HEB:</a> <span class="hebrew3">אֶזְעֹ֔ם לֹ֥א <b> זָעַ֖ם </b> יְהוָֽה׃ </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/numbers/23.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> whom the LORD <span class="itali">has not denounced?</span><br><a href="/kjvs/numbers/23.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> [whom] the LORD <span class="itali">hath not defied?</span><br><a href="/interlinear/numbers/23-8.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> denounce not <span class="itali">denounce</span> the LORD<p><b><a href="/text/psalms/7-11.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Psalm 7:11</a> </b><br><a href="/interlinear/psalms/7.htm" title="Hebrew">HEB:</a> <span class="hebrew3">צַדִּ֑יק וְ֝אֵ֗ל <b> זֹעֵ֥ם </b> בְּכָל־ יֽוֹם׃</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/psalms/7.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> And a God <span class="itali">who has indignation</span> every<br><a href="/kjvs/psalms/7.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> and God <span class="itali">is angry</span> [with the wicked] every day.<br><a href="/interlinear/psalms/7-11.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> righteous God <span class="itali">has indignation</span> every day<p><b><a href="/text/proverbs/22-14.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Proverbs 22:14</a> </b><br><a href="/interlinear/proverbs/22.htm" title="Hebrew">HEB:</a> <span class="hebrew3">פִּ֣י זָר֑וֹת <b> זְע֥וּם </b> יְ֝הוָ֗ה [יִפֹּול־</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/proverbs/22.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> pit; <span class="itali">He who is cursed</span> of the LORD<br><a href="/kjvs/proverbs/22.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> pit: <span class="itali">he that is abhorred</span> of the LORD<br><a href="/interlinear/proverbs/22-14.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> the mouth of an adulteress <span class="itali">is cursed</span> of the LORD will fall<p><b><a href="/text/proverbs/24-24.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Proverbs 24:24</a> </b><br><a href="/interlinear/proverbs/24.htm" title="Hebrew">HEB:</a> <span class="hebrew3">יִקְּבֻ֥הוּ עַמִּ֑ים <b> יִזְעָמ֥וּהוּ </b> לְאֻמִּֽים׃ </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/proverbs/24.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> him, nations <span class="itali">will abhor</span> him;<br><a href="/kjvs/proverbs/24.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> curse, nations <span class="itali">shall abhor</span> him:<br><a href="/interlinear/proverbs/24-24.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> curse Peoples <span class="itali">will abhor</span> nations<p><b><a href="/text/proverbs/25-23.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Proverbs 25:23</a> </b><br><a href="/interlinear/proverbs/25.htm" title="Hebrew">HEB:</a> <span class="hebrew3">גָּ֑שֶׁם וּפָנִ֥ים <b> נִ֝זְעָמִ֗ים </b> לְשׁ֣וֹן סָֽתֶר׃</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/proverbs/25.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> tongue, <span class="itali">an angry</span> countenance.<br><a href="/kjvs/proverbs/25.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> rain: <span class="itali">so [doth] an angry</span> countenance<br><a href="/interlinear/proverbs/25-23.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> rain countenance <span class="itali">an angry</span> tongue backbiting<p><b><a href="/text/isaiah/66-14.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Isaiah 66:14</a> </b><br><a href="/interlinear/isaiah/66.htm" title="Hebrew">HEB:</a> <span class="hebrew3">אֶת־ עֲבָדָ֔יו <b> וְזָעַ֖ם </b> אֶת־ אֹיְבָֽיו׃</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/isaiah/66.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> to His servants, <span class="itali">But He will be indignant</span> toward<br><a href="/kjvs/isaiah/66.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> toward his servants, <span class="itali">and [his] indignation</span> toward his enemies.<br><a href="/interlinear/isaiah/66-14.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> toward to his servants <span class="itali">will be indignant</span> his enemies<p><b><a href="/text/daniel/11-30.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Daniel 11:30</a> </b><br><a href="/interlinear/daniel/11.htm" title="Hebrew">HEB:</a> <span class="hebrew3">וְנִכְאָ֔ה וְשָׁ֛ב <b> וְזָעַ֥ם </b> עַל־ בְּרִֽית־</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/daniel/11.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> and will return <span class="itali">and become enraged</span> at the holy<br><a href="/kjvs/daniel/11.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> and return, <span class="itali">and have indignation</span> against the holy<br><a href="/interlinear/daniel/11-30.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> will be disheartened and will return <span class="itali">and become</span> and covenant<p><b><a href="/text/micah/6-10.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Micah 6:10</a> </b><br><a href="/interlinear/micah/6.htm" title="Hebrew">HEB:</a> <span class="hebrew3">וְאֵיפַ֥ת רָז֖וֹן <b> זְעוּמָֽה׃ </b> </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/micah/6.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> And a short measure <span class="itali">[that is] cursed?</span><br><a href="/kjvs/micah/6.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> measure <span class="itali">[that is] abominable?</span><br><a href="/interlinear/micah/6-10.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> measure short <span class="itali">abominable</span><p><b><a href="/text/zechariah/1-12.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Zechariah 1:12</a> </b><br><a href="/interlinear/zechariah/1.htm" title="Hebrew">HEB:</a> <span class="hebrew3">יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר <b> זָעַ֔מְתָּה </b> זֶ֖ה שִׁבְעִ֥ים</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/zechariah/1.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> with which <span class="itali">You have been indignant</span> these<br><a href="/kjvs/zechariah/1.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> of Judah, <span class="itali">against which thou hast had indignation</span> these threescore and ten<br><a href="/interlinear/zechariah/1-12.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> of Judah which <span class="itali">have been</span> these seventy<p><b><a href="/text/malachi/1-4.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Malachi 1:4</a> </b><br><a href="/interlinear/malachi/1.htm" title="Hebrew">HEB:</a> <span class="hebrew3">וְהָעָ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־ <b> זָעַ֥ם </b> יְהוָ֖ה עַד־</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/malachi/1.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> the LORD <span class="itali">is indignant</span> forever.<br><a href="/kjvs/malachi/1.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> against whom the LORD <span class="itali">hath indignation</span> for<br><a href="/interlinear/malachi/1-4.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> and the people whom <span class="itali">is indignant</span> the LORD for<p><i><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2194.htm">12 Occurrences</a></i><br /><br /><b><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2194.htm">Strong's Hebrew 2194<br>12 Occurrences</a></b><br><br><a href="/hebrew/ezom_2194.htm">’ez·‘ōm — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/hebrew/nizamim_2194.htm">niz·‘ā·mîm — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/hebrew/vezaam_2194.htm">wə·zā·‘am — 2 Occ.</a><br><a href="/hebrew/yizamuhu_2194.htm">yiz·‘ā·mū·hū — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/hebrew/zaam_2194.htm">zā·‘am — 2 Occ.</a><br><a href="/hebrew/zaamtah_2194.htm">zā·‘am·tāh — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/hebrew/zeum_2194.htm">zə·‘ūm — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/hebrew/zeumah_2194.htm">zə·‘ū·māh — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/hebrew/zoamah_2194.htm">zō·‘ă·māh — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/hebrew/zoem_2194.htm">zō·‘êm — 1 Occ.</a><br></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script><br /><br /> </div> <div id="left"><a href="/hebrew/2193.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="2193"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="2193" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/hebrew/2195.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="2195"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="2195" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhchap.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>