CINXE.COM
Implementation of a Tune Sweep Slow Extraction with Constant Optics at MedAustron - CERN Document Server
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <!--[if IEMobile 7]><html class="iem7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if lte IE 6]><html class="ie6 ie6-7 ie6-8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if (IE 7)&(!IEMobile)]><html class="ie7 ie6-7 ie6-8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8]><html class="ie8 ie6-8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if (gte IE 9)|(gt IEMobile 7)]><!--><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><!--<![endif]--> <head> <title>Implementation of a Tune Sweep Slow Extraction with Constant Optics at MedAustron - CERN Document Server</title> <link href='https://framework.web.cern.ch/framework/2.0/fonts/PTSansWeb/PTSansWeb.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/css/cern_theme.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet"href="/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar.css" type="text/css" /> <!--[if lt IE 8]> <link href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar-ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <![endif]--> <!--[if lt IE 8]> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio-ie7.css" /> <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]> <style type="text/css">div.restrictedflag {filter:none;}</style> <![endif]--> <link rel="canonical" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=el" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=fr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="bg" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=bg" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-TW" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=zh_TW" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=pt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="no" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=no" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=hr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ca" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=ca" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=it" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=zh_CN" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=sv" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sk" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=sk" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=pl" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=ru" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ka" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=ka" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=ja" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862?ln=es" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CERN Document Server RSS" href="/rss?ln=en" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cds.cern.ch/opensearchdescription" title="CERN Document Server" /> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="https://cds.cern.ch/unapi" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" /> <meta name="description" content="Conventional slow extraction driven by a tune sweep perturbs the optics and changes the presentation of the beam separatrix to the extraction septum during the spill. The constant optics slow extraction (COSE) technique, recently developed and deployed operationally at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron to reduce beam loss on the extraction septum, was implemented at MedAustron to facilitate extraction with a tune sweep of operational beam quality. COSE fixes the optics of the extracted beam by scaling all machine settings with the beam rigidity following the extracted beam’s momentum. In this contribution the implementation of the COSE extraction technique is described before it is compared to the conventional tune sweep and operational betatron core driven cases using both simulations and recent measurements. Arrutia Sota, Pablo Andreas; Burrows, Philip; De Franco, Andrea; Fraser, Matthew; Goddard, Brennan; Kain, Verena; Kuehteubl, Florian; Pivi, Mauro; Prokopovich, Dale; Velotti, Francesco" /> <meta name="keywords" content="extraction, simulation, betatron, operation, optics" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- WebNews CSS library --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" /> <!-- WebNews JS library --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$']], processEscapes: true}, showProcessingMessages: false, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML" type="text/javascript"> </script> <!-- GoogleScholar --> <meta content="Implementation of a Tune Sweep Slow Extraction with Constant Optics at MedAustron" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="Arrutia Sota, Pablo Andreas" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Fraser, Matthew" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Pivi, Mauro" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="De Franco, Andrea" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Kuehteubl, Florian" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Goddard, Brennan" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Kain, Verena" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Velotti, Francesco" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Prokopovich, Dale" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Burrows, Philip" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST015" name="citation_doi" /> <meta content="JACoW IPAC" name="citation_journal_title" /> <meta content="2022" name="citation_volume" /> <meta content="1715-1717" name="citation_firstpage" /> <meta content="2022" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2023/01/11"> <meta content="10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST015" name="citation_doi" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862/files/document.pdf" /> <!-- OpenGraph --> <meta content="Implementation of a Tune Sweep Slow Extraction with Constant Optics at MedAustron" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862" property="og:url" /> <meta content="CERN Document Server" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="Conventional slow extraction driven by a tune sweep perturbs the optics and changes the presentation of the beam separatrix to the extraction septum during the spill. The constant optics slow extraction (COSE) technique, recently developed and deployed operationally at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron to reduce beam loss on the extraction septum, was implemented at MedAustron to facilitate extraction with a tune sweep of operational beam quality. COSE fixes the optics of the extracted beam by scaling all machine settings with the beam rigidity following the extracted beam’s momentum. In this contribution the implementation of the COSE extraction technique is described before it is compared to the conventional tune sweep and operational betatron core driven cases using both simulations and recent measurements." property="og:description" /> <meta content="JACoW" property="og:description" /> <!-- Twitter Card --> <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <style></style> </head> <body class="CERN32Document32Server search" lang="en"> <!-- toolbar starts --> <div id="cern-toolbar"> <h1><a href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN">CERN <span>Accelerating science</span></a></h1> <ul> <li class="cern-accountlinks"><a class="cern-account" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/login?ln=en&referer=https%3A//cds.cern.ch/record/2845862%3Fln%3Den" title="Sign in to your CERN account">Sign in</a></li> <li><a class="cern-directory" href="http://cern.ch/directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- toolbar ends --> <!-- Nav header starts--> <div role="banner" class="clearfix" id="header"> <div class="header-inner inner"> <hgroup class="clearfix"> <h2 id="site-name"> <a rel="home" title="Home" href="/"><span>CERN Document Server</span></a> </h2> <h3 id="site-slogan">Access articles, reports and multimedia content in HEP</h3> </hgroup><!-- /#name-and-slogan --> <div role="navigation" id="main-navigation" class="cdsmenu"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul class="links inline clearfix"> <li class="menu-386 first active-trail"><a class="active-trail" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=en">Search</a></li> <li class="menu-444 "><a class="" title="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=en">Submit</a></li> <li class="menu-426 "><a class="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=en">Help</a></li> <li class="leaf hassubcdsmenu"> <a hreflang="en" class="header" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=en">Personalize</a> <ul class="subsubcdsmenu"><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/list?ln=en">Your alerts</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourbaskets/display?ln=en">Your baskets</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourcomments?ln=en">Your comments</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/display?ln=en">Your searches</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Nav header ends--> <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> <a href="/?ln=en" class="navtrail">Home</a> > Implementation of a Tune Sweep Slow Extraction with Constant Optics at MedAustron </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pagebody"><div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <div class="detailedrecordbox"> <div class="detailedrecordtabs"> <div> <ul class="detailedrecordtabs"><li class="on first"><a href="/record/2845862/?ln=en">Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/record/2845862/files?ln=en">Files </a></li></ul> <div id="tabsSpacer" style="clear:both;height:0px"> </div></div> </div> <div class="detailedrecordboxcontent"> <div class="top-left-folded"></div> <div class="top-right-folded"></div> <div class="inside"> <!--<div style="height:0.1em;"> </div> <p class="notopgap"> </p>--> <abbr class="unapi-id" title="2845862"></abbr> <style type="text/css"> <!-- ul.detailedrecordtabs li.on a{background-color:#4D94CC;color:#fff !important;border-bottom:1px solid #4D94CC!important;} div.detailedrecordboxcontent {padding-top:0px !important;} --> </style> <table class="formatRecordTableFullWidth" > <tr> <td class="formatRecordHeader" style="background-image: url('https://cds.cern.ch/img/journals.jpg');" colspan="2"> <!--YTD: record may have more than one 690C.a tag--> Article </td> </tr> <script type="text/javascript"> $( document ).ready(function() { $('.showAuthor').on('click', function() { var author = '<p>' + $(this).data('name') + '</p>'; var affiliation = $(this).data('affiliation') + '</br>'; var contribution = $(this).data('contribution') + '</br>'; $.magnificPopup.open({ items: { src: '<div id="ovelary-mathjax" class="overlay-white oc-content overlay-white-500">' + author + affiliation + contribution + '</div>', type: 'inline' }, callbacks: { open: function() { var div = document.getElementById("overlay-mathjax") MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub, div]); }, } }) }) }); </script> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Title </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><b>Implementation of a Tune Sweep Slow Extraction with Constant Optics at MedAustron</b></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> Author(s) </span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Arrutia%20Sota%2C%20Pablo%20Andreas&ln=en">Arrutia Sota, Pablo Andreas</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Burrows%2C%20Philip&ln=en">Burrows, Philip</a> (JAI, UK) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=De%20Franco%2C%20Andrea&ln=en">De Franco, Andrea</a> (QST, Rokkasho Fusion Inst.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Fraser%2C%20Matthew&ln=en">Fraser, Matthew</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Goddard%2C%20Brennan&ln=en">Goddard, Brennan</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Kain%2C%20Verena&ln=en">Kain, Verena</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Kuehteubl%2C%20Florian&ln=en">Kuehteubl, Florian</a> (EBG MedAustron) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Pivi%2C%20Mauro&ln=en">Pivi, Mauro</a> (MedAustron) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Prokopovich%2C%20Dale&ln=en">Prokopovich, Dale</a> (MedAustron) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Velotti%2C%20Francesco&ln=en">Velotti, Francesco</a> (CERN)</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Publication </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">2022</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Number of pages </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">3</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> In: </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST015"><i>JACoW IPAC</i> 2022 (2022) 1715-1717</a> </a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> In: </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2806400">13th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 2022)</a>, Bangkok, Thailand, 12 - 17 Jun 2022, pp.1715-1717</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> DOI </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST015" title="DOI" target="_blank">10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST015</a> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Subject category </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Accelerators and Storage Rings</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Accelerator/Facility, Experiment </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?p=CERN%20SPS&f=693__a">CERN SPS</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Abstract </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Conventional slow extraction driven by a tune sweep perturbs the optics and changes the presentation of the beam separatrix to the extraction septum during the spill. The constant optics slow extraction (COSE) technique, recently developed and deployed operationally at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron to reduce beam loss on the extraction septum, was implemented at MedAustron to facilitate extraction with a tune sweep of operational beam quality. COSE fixes the optics of the extracted beam by scaling all machine settings with the beam rigidity following the extracted beam’s momentum. In this contribution the implementation of the COSE extraction technique is described before it is compared to the conventional tune sweep and operational betatron core driven cases using both simulations and recent measurements.</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Copyright/License </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">CC-BY-3.0</a></td></tr> </table> <br/>Corresponding record in: <a href="http://inspirehep.net/record/2138182">Inspire</a> <small> </small> <br/> <br/><br/><div align="right"><div style="padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:30px;"><span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"> <a href="" class="moreinfo">Back to search</a> </span></div></div> <div class="bottom-left-folded"><div class="recordlastmodifiedbox" style="position:relative;margin-left:1px"> Record created 2023-01-11, last modified 2023-01-11</div></div> <div class="bottom-right-folded" style="text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px;"> <span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <br/> <br /> <div class="detailedrecordminipanel"> <div class="top-left"></div><div class="top-right"></div> <div class="inside"> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelfile" style="width:33%;float:left;text-align:center;margin-top:0"> <div><small class="detailedRecordActions">Fulltext:</small> <br /><a href="/record/2845862/files/document.pdf"><img style="border:none" src="/img/file-icon-text-34x48.gif" alt="Download fulltext" /><br />PDF</a><br /></div> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelreview" style="width:30%;float:left;text-align:center"> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelactions" style="width:36%;float:right;text-align:right;"> <ul class="detailedrecordactions"> <li><a href="/yourbaskets/add?ln=en&recid=2845862">Add to personal basket</a></li> <li>Export as <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845862/export/hx?ln=en">BibTeX</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845862/export/hm?ln=en">MARC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845862/export/xm?ln=en">MARCXML</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845862/export/xd?ln=en">DC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845862/export/xe?ln=en">EndNote</a>, <!-- <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845862/export/xe8x?ln=en">EndNote (8-X)</a>,--> <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845862/export/xn?ln=en">NLM</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845862/export/xw?ln=en">RefWorks</a> </li> </ul> <div style='padding-left: 13px;'> <!-- JQuery Bookmark Button BEGIN --> <div id="bookmark"></div> <div id="bookmark_sciencewise"></div> <style type="text/css"> #bookmark_sciencewise, #bookmark {float: left;} #bookmark_sciencewise li {padding: 2px; width: 25px;} #bookmark_sciencewise ul, #bookmark ul {list-style-image: none;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.bookmark.min.js"></script> <style type="text/css">@import "/css/jquery.bookmark.css";</style> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ $.bookmark.addSite('sciencewise', 'ScienceWise.info', 'https://cds.cern.ch/img/sciencewise.png', 'en', 'bookmark', 'http://sciencewise.info/bookmarks/cds:2845862/add'); $('#bookmark_sciencewise').bookmark({sites: ['sciencewise']}); $('#bookmark').bookmark({ sites: ['facebook', 'twitter', 'linkedin', 'google_plusone'], icons: '/img/bookmarks.png', url: 'https://cds.cern.ch/record/2845862', addEmail: true, title: "Implementation of a Tune Sweep Slow Extraction with Constant Optics at MedAustron", description: "Conventional slow extraction driven by a tune sweep perturbs the optics and changes the presentation of the beam separatrix to the extraction septum during the spill. The constant optics slow extraction (COSE) technique, recently developed and deployed operationally at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron to reduce beam loss on the extraction septum, was implemented at MedAustron to facilitate extraction with a tune sweep of operational beam quality. COSE fixes the optics of the extracted beam by scaling all machine settings with the beam rigidity following the extracted beam\u2019s momentum. In this contribution the implementation of the COSE extraction technique is described before it is compared to the conventional tune sweep and operational betatron core driven cases using both simulations and recent measurements." }); // ]]> </script> <!-- JQuery Bookmark Button END --> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;margin-bottom: 0;"></div> </div> <div class="bottom-left"></div><div class="bottom-right"></div> </div> </div></div> <footer id="footer" class="pagefooter clearfix"> <!-- replaced page footer --> <div class="pagefooterstripeleft"> CERN Document Server :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=en">Search</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=en">Submit</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=en">Personalize</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=en">Help</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=privacy_policy&se=CDS-Service" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/content-policy" target="_blank">Content Policy</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/terms" target="_blank">Terms and Conditions</a> <br /> Powered by <a class="footer" href="http://invenio-software.org/">Invenio</a> <br /> Maintained by <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Service</a> - Need help? Contact <a href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Support</a>. <br /> </div> <div class="pagefooterstriperight"> <div class="cern-logo"> <a id="logo" href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN" rel="CERN" ><img src="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/img/cern-logo-large.png" alt="CERN" /></a> </div> <div class="cern-languagebox"> This site is also available in the following languages:<br /><a href="/record/2845862?ln=bg" class="langinfo">Български</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=ca" class="langinfo">Català</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=de" class="langinfo">Deutsch</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=el" class="langinfo">Ελληνικά</a> <span class="langinfo">English</span> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=es" class="langinfo">Español</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=fr" class="langinfo">Français</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=hr" class="langinfo">Hrvatski</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=it" class="langinfo">Italiano</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=ja" class="langinfo">日本語</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=ka" class="langinfo">ქართული</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=no" class="langinfo">Norsk/Bokmål</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=pl" class="langinfo">Polski</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=pt" class="langinfo">Português</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=ru" class="langinfo">Русский</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=sk" class="langinfo">Slovensky</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=sv" class="langinfo">Svenska</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=zh_CN" class="langinfo">中文(简)</a> <a href="/record/2845862?ln=zh_TW" class="langinfo">中文(繁)</a> </div> </div> <!-- replaced page footer --> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> var SyndeticsBookCovers = (function() { var SMALL_SIZE = "sc.gif", MEDIUM_SIZE = "mc.gif", RAW_URL = "https://secure.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=THEISBN/THESIZE&client=cernlibrary"; replaceCover = function(imgElement, isbns, hdFormat) { var img = new Image(), size = hdFormat ? MEDIUM_SIZE : SMALL_SIZE; var _isbns = isbns.sort(function(a, b) { // sort from shortest to longest ISBN (more modern) return a.length > b.length ? 1 : -1; }); function next() { var isbn = _isbns.pop(); if (isbn) { var url = RAW_URL.replace("THEISBN", isbn).replace("THESIZE", size); img.src = url; } } function done() { imgElement.src = img.src; } img.onload = function() { if (this.width > 1) { done(); } else { next(); } }; next(); }; return { replaceCover: replaceCover }; })(); $(document).ready(function() { // get book covers $("img.book-cover").each(function() { var $this = $(this), strIsbns = $this.data("isbns") || "", isbnsArray = String(strIsbns).split(","), hdFormat = $this.hasClass("hd"); SyndeticsBookCovers.replaceCover(this, isbnsArray, hdFormat); }); // WebNews tooltips $.ajax({ url: "/news/tooltips", success: function(data) { create_tooltips(data); }, dataType: "json", cache: false }); }); </script> <!-- Feedback script --> <script src="//cds.cern.ch/js/feedback.js"></script> <!-- Feedback script --> <!-- Matomo --> <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://webanalytics.web.cern.ch/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '756']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <!-- End Matomo Code --> </body> </html>