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type="submit" class="button" value="Search"></button> </div> </fieldset> </form> <div class="masthead-tagline"> Academic rigour, journalistic flair </div> </header> </div> </section> <div id="outer"> <header class="profile-header"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="grid-three profile-avatar"> <figure> <img alt="" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/126008/width238/image-20220606-14-yun4pk.jpg" /> </figure> </div> <div class="grid-eight profile-name"> <h1 class="legacy slammed">Adam Webster</h1> </div> <div class="profile-stats grid-prepend-one grid-four grid-last"> <a class="grid-two" rel="nofollow" href="/profiles/adam-webster-126008/articles"> <h2>19</h2> <span>Articles</span> </a> <a class="grid-two grid-last" rel="nofollow" href="/profiles/adam-webster-126008/activities?filter=comments"> <h2>55</h2> <span>Comments</span> </a></div> </div> </header> <div class="profile-body wrapper"> <div class="grid-eleven"> <div class="profile-occupation grid-eight grid-prepend-three"> Associate Professor in Law and Public Policy, <a href="/institutions/university-of-oxford-1260">University of Oxford</a> </div> <div id="tab-content" class="large-grid-eight large-grid-prepend-three"> <nav class="tabbed tabbed-profile-navigation clear"> <a class="tab " href="/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Profile</a> <a class="tab active" rel="nofollow" href="/profiles/adam-webster-126008/articles">Articles</a> <a class="tab " rel="nofollow" href="/profiles/adam-webster-126008/activities">Activity</a> </nav> <div class="profile-articles"> <article data-id="233296" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="The Conservatives may regret campaigning to keep first past the post in 2011" href="/the-conservatives-may-regret-campaigning-to-keep-first-past-the-post-in-2011-233296"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:71.9758064516129%;--background-color:#a97653"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/602912/original/file-20240625-17-hfq6xo.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=20%2C0%2C1031%2C742&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="602912"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> G F. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Alamy/John Giles</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-27T13:28:35Z" data-format="tc_date"> June 27, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/the-conservatives-may-regret-campaigning-to-keep-first-past-the-post-in-2011-233296">The Conservatives may regret campaigning to keep first past the post in 2011</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Oxford</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>The Conservatives campaigned against changing the voting system in 2011, but it could have saved them from a potential wipeout at this election.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="117820" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Infographic: who’s who in Labor’s shadow ministry" href="/infographic-whos-who-in-labors-shadow-ministry-117820"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:49.596774193548384%;--background-color:#8d5965"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/277791/original/file-20190604-69075-1x3ip9a.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=6%2C0%2C1491%2C738&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="277791"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Labor leader Anthony Albanese’s new shadow ministry includes a few surprises, though many of the faces remain the same. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">The Conversation / AAP Images</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-06-04T01:43:03Z" data-format="tc_date"> June 4, 2019 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/infographic-whos-who-in-labors-shadow-ministry-117820">Infographic: who’s who in Labor’s shadow ministry</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span>Emil Jeyaratnam, <em>The Conversation</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/au/team#justin-bergman">Justin Bergman</a>, <em>The Conversation</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>From Bill Shorten to Kristina Keneally, our experts break down Labor’s new shadow ministry – who’s in, who’s been promoted, and who faces the greatest challenges in their new roles</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="117909" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Infographic: who’s who in the new Morrison ministry" href="/infographic-whos-who-in-the-new-morrison-ministry-117909"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:48.79032258064516%;--background-color:#4c76a6"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/276950/original/file-20190529-192394-fucw0l.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=2%2C0%2C1495%2C729&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="276950"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Morrison’s Cabinet features a few new faces, and several familiar ministers in different roles. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">The Conversation / AAP Images</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-05-29T02:48:33Z" data-format="tc_date"> May 29, 2019 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/infographic-whos-who-in-the-new-morrison-ministry-117909">Infographic: who’s who in the new Morrison ministry</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span>Emil Jeyaratnam, <em>The Conversation</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/au/team#justin-bergman">Justin Bergman</a>, <em>The Conversation</em>, and Shelley Hepworth, <em>The Conversation</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Scott Morrison’s new ministry includes a few new faces and several new roles for familiar cabinet members. Our experts take a closer look at each portfolio.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="116750" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="A referendum won’t save the <span class="nobr">Murray-Darling</span> Basin" href="/a-referendum-wont-save-the-murray-darling-basin-116750"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:66.73387096774194%;--background-color:#493528"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/273284/original/file-20190508-183083-1k3z6cb.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="273284"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> The Murray-Darling Basin Plan does not prioritise the environment enough. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">AAP Image/Dean Lewins</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-05-12T20:15:01Z" data-format="tc_date"> May 12, 2019 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/a-referendum-wont-save-the-murray-darling-basin-116750">A referendum won’t save the <span class="nobr">Murray-Darling</span> Basin</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Oxford</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Simply giving the Commonwealth more power won’t fix the Murray-Darling Basin crisis.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="75383" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Budget explainer: the <span class="nobr">federal-state</span> battle for funding" href="/budget-explainer-the-federal-state-battle-for-funding-75383"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:66.53225806451613%;--background-color:#4f362a"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/164022/original/image-20170405-5729-cn8o83.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="164022"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> The federal government receives more revenue than the states so it divvies it up between them, but with conditions. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Lukas Coch/AAP</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-04-19T01:46:27Z" data-format="tc_date"> April 19, 2017 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/budget-explainer-the-federal-state-battle-for-funding-75383">Budget explainer: the <span class="nobr">federal-state</span> battle for funding</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Oxford</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>The reason for the constant struggle for funding between the states and federal government relates back to the constitution.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="65218" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Explainer: the <span class="nobr">same-sex</span> marriage plebiscite" href="/explainer-the-same-sex-marriage-plebiscite-65218"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:66.12903225806451%;--background-color:#594a33"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/137670/original/image-20160913-4942-rpgtm8.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="137670"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> The government has introduced a bill into the parliament that provides the details and mechanics of the proposed plebiscite on same-sex marriage. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">AAP/Mick Tsikas</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-09-14T02:35:17Z" data-format="tc_date"> September 14, 2016 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/explainer-the-same-sex-marriage-plebiscite-65218">Explainer: the <span class="nobr">same-sex</span> marriage plebiscite</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>While Australians finally have some detail of the proposed plebiscite on same-sex marriage, there is no guarantee that the question will be put to the people on February 11 next year.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="61963" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Explainer: what is a ‘hung parliament’, and how will a government be formed?" href="/explainer-what-is-a-hung-parliament-and-how-will-a-government-be-formed-61963"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:66.53225806451613%;--background-color:#50342d"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/129084/original/image-20160703-18334-1qi9aq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="129084"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Talk has now turned to whether Australia will again have a minority government and a ‘hung parliament’. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">AAP/Tracey Nearmy</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-07-03T03:40:00Z" data-format="tc_date"> July 3, 2016 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/explainer-what-is-a-hung-parliament-and-how-will-a-government-be-formed-61963">Explainer: what is a ‘hung parliament’, and how will a government be formed?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>There is nothing in the Constitution to deal with the situation in which neither side can form a majority government.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="56671" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Election explainer: what does it mean that we’re having a <span class="nobr">double-dissolution</span> election?" href="/election-explainer-what-does-it-mean-that-were-having-a-double-dissolution-election-56671"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:57.25806451612904%;--background-color:#4f302c"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/117800/original/image-20160407-10020-1n1b2l3.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="117800"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> The entire Senate is up for re-election in a double-dissolution election. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">AAP/Mick Tsikas</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-05-08T03:19:17Z" data-format="tc_date"> May 8, 2016 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/election-explainer-what-does-it-mean-that-were-having-a-double-dissolution-election-56671">Election explainer: what does it mean that we’re having a <span class="nobr">double-dissolution</span> election?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>What is a double-dissolution election? How does it differ from an ordinary election? And why the rush after the budget?</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="56903" class="clearfix placed news_item published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Interactive: profiles of the cabinet and shadow cabinet" href="/interactive-profiles-of-the-cabinet-and-shadow-cabinet-56903"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:57.056451612903224%;--background-color:#322d4f"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/117027/original/image-20160331-28476-1p8k6x4.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="117027"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">www.shutterstock.com</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-04-03T20:18:34Z" data-format="tc_date"> April 3, 2016 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/interactive-profiles-of-the-cabinet-and-shadow-cabinet-56903">Interactive: profiles of the cabinet and shadow cabinet</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/michelle-grattan-20316">Michelle Grattan</a>, <em>University of Canberra</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Oxford</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/alex-reilly-99355">Alex Reilly</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/bryan-mercurio-140802">Bryan Mercurio</a>, <em>Chinese University of Hong Kong</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/corey-j-a-bradshaw-9183">Corey J. A. Bradshaw</a>, <em>Flinders University</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/daniel-baldino-4494">Daniel Baldino</a>, <em>University of Notre Dame Australia</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/david-peetz-4004">David Peetz</a>, <em>Griffith University</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/deborah-ralston-107436">Deborah Ralston</a>, <em>Monash University</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/diana-perche-94986">Diana Perche</a>, <em>UNSW Sydney</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/flavio-menezes-4124">Flavio Menezes</a>, <em>The University of Queensland</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/glenn-savage-102699">Glenn Savage</a>, <em>The University of Western Australia</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jim-gillespie-1928">Jim Gillespie</a>, <em>University of Sydney</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/matthew-beck-90705">Matthew Beck</a>, <em>University of Sydney</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/nicholas-biddle-10171">Nicholas Biddle</a>, <em>Australian National University</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/philip-branch-2346">Philip Branch</a>, <em>Swinburne University of Technology</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/roger-dargaville-1832">Roger Dargaville</a>, <em>Monash University</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/susan-harris-rimmer-20773">Susan Harris Rimmer</a>, <em>Griffith University</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/will-j-grant-623">Will J Grant</a>, <em>Australian National University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>We asked our experts to appraise the political and policy performances of the federal cabinet and shadow cabinet.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="56134" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Explainer: what are <span class="nobr">double-dissolution</span> elections? And why might we soon have one?" href="/explainer-what-are-double-dissolution-elections-and-why-might-we-soon-have-one-56134"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:66.73387096774194%;--background-color:#976e5d"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/115749/original/image-20160321-30921-16irq7k.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="115749"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Malcolm Turnbull has taken a series of steps to clear the path to a double-dissolution election. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">AAP/Lukas Coch</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-03-21T21:43:15Z" data-format="tc_date"> March 21, 2016 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/explainer-what-are-double-dissolution-elections-and-why-might-we-soon-have-one-56134">Explainer: what are <span class="nobr">double-dissolution</span> elections? And why might we soon have one?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>After many weeks of speculation, the government has laid down the challenge for the Senate and smoothed the path for a double-dissolution election.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="55244" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Getting bike laws right means balancing rights of cyclists and motorists" href="/getting-bike-laws-right-means-balancing-rights-of-cyclists-and-motorists-55244"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:66.73387096774194%;--background-color:#333a4a"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/112677/original/image-20160224-16444-9kyp5k.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="112677"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Motorists in New South Wales must now keep a minimum distance of one metre when passing cyclists. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">AAP/Richard Milnes</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-02-26T20:19:21Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 26, 2016 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/getting-bike-laws-right-means-balancing-rights-of-cyclists-and-motorists-55244">Getting bike laws right means balancing rights of cyclists and motorists</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/gabrielle-appleby-10287">Gabrielle Appleby</a>, <em>UNSW Sydney</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Cyclists have voiced their opposition to some aspects of the Go Together package to ensure their safety on NSW roads.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="53749" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Coalition tensions expose the flaws of the <span class="nobr">same-sex</span> marriage plebiscite" href="/coalition-tensions-expose-the-flaws-of-the-same-sex-marriage-plebiscite-53749"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:66.93548387096774%;--background-color:#4f362e"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/109417/original/image-20160127-26802-z4hqup.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="109417"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Coalition senator Eric Abetz claims he and other Liberal MPs do not have to respect the result of a coming plebiscite on same-sex marriage. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">AAP/Mick Tsikas</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-01-28T00:40:15Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 28, 2016 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/coalition-tensions-expose-the-flaws-of-the-same-sex-marriage-plebiscite-53749">Coalition tensions expose the flaws of the <span class="nobr">same-sex</span> marriage plebiscite</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>It is easy to envisage a number of arguments that MPs might use in an attempt to justify ignoring the result of a same-sex marriage plebiscite and voting contrary to its result.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="46974" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Can the Senate force the removal of a royal commissioner?" href="/can-the-senate-force-the-removal-of-a-royal-commissioner-46974"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:48.185483870967744%;--background-color:#532f2b"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/93832/original/image-20150904-28887-12kxcxp.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="93832"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Labor says it will move a motion in the Senate this week for a message to be sent to the Governor-General, requesting he dismiss Dyson Heydon as royal commissioner. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">AAP/Alan Porritt</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-09-07T00:09:04Z" data-format="tc_date"> September 7, 2015 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/can-the-senate-force-the-removal-of-a-royal-commissioner-46974">Can the Senate force the removal of a royal commissioner?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Given the Governor-General usually acts on the advice of the government and its ministers, an address from the Senate on Dyson Heydon is unlikely to have any effect.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="42604" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Explainer: how Australia can legalise <span class="nobr">same-sex</span> marriage" href="/explainer-how-australia-can-legalise-same-sex-marriage-42604"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:66.53225806451613%;--background-color:#44575a"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/83592/original/image-20150602-7006-9esspj.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="83592"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Bill Shorten has introduced a bill into parliament to amend the Marriage Act and allow same-sex marriage in Australia. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">AAP/Mick Tsikas</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-06-02T00:48:14Z" data-format="tc_date"> June 2, 2015 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/explainer-how-australia-can-legalise-same-sex-marriage-42604">Explainer: how Australia can legalise <span class="nobr">same-sex</span> marriage</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>The legislative reform required to allow same-sex marriage is not complicated. There is relative consensus as to how this can be achieved.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="36824" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Explainer: how are Australia’s ‘knights and dames’ appointed?" href="/explainer-how-are-australias-knights-and-dames-appointed-36824"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:70.96774193548387%;--background-color:#483836"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/70218/original/image-20150128-12445-t0senz.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="70218"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> If Prince Philip’s knighthood was not an honorary appointment, it has taken the award away from an Australian. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">EPA/Karel Prinsloo</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-01-28T02:08:43Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 28, 2015 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/explainer-how-are-australias-knights-and-dames-appointed-36824">Explainer: how are Australia’s ‘knights and dames’ appointed?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/john-williams-152936">John Williams</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Prime Minister Tony Abbott caused quite a stir when he re-established the appointment of knights and dames under the Order of Australia early in 2014. For this to occur, no law needed to be passed. Instead…</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="36506" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Could the Constitution protect farm water from coal seam gas?" href="/could-the-constitution-protect-farm-water-from-coal-seam-gas-36506"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:71.57258064516128%;--background-color:#9c625f"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/69700/original/image-20150122-29893-ku57b2.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="69700"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> One Nation’s Pauline Hanson says landholders’ constitutional water rights have been undermined by government changes – but is that true? </span> <span class="source" title="Source">AAP Image/Tertius Pickard</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-01-22T19:01:44Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 22, 2015 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/could-the-constitution-protect-farm-water-from-coal-seam-gas-36506">Could the Constitution protect farm water from coal seam gas?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>The Australian Constitution says residents have the right to water from the rivers for irrigation and conservation purposes but governments have brought in laws that are restricting this – One Nation’s…</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="36137" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Don’t expect ‘world first’ impact statement to transform sentencing" href="/dont-expect-world-first-impact-statement-to-transform-sentencing-36137"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:66.73387096774194%;--background-color:#48312a"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/68954/original/image-20150114-6357-1bnrrac.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="68954"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Lana Towers was murdered by her partner. The court heard statements on the impact of her death on family and friends and, for the first time, on the broader community impacts of domestic violence. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Facebook</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-01-18T19:22:39Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 18, 2015 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/dont-expect-world-first-impact-statement-to-transform-sentencing-36137">Don’t expect ‘world first’ impact statement to transform sentencing</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kellie-toole-3970">Kellie Toole</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>In May 2013, Michael Suve McDonald beat to death Lana Towers, his partner of eight years and the mother of their two children. In what is thought to be a world first, the South Australian Commissioner…</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="27566" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Australia could win the World Cup … in the Netherlands" href="/australia-could-win-the-world-cup-in-the-netherlands-27566"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:66.73387096774194%;--background-color:#88956e"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/50782/original/mtp9dfcf-1402451830.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="50782"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Australia’s Anna Flanagan reacts after scoring against Belgium in the Field Hockey World Cup. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">EPA/Evert-Jan Daniels</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-06-11T02:40:47Z" data-format="tc_date"> June 11, 2014 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/australia-could-win-the-world-cup-in-the-netherlands-27566">Australia could win the World Cup … in the Netherlands</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Like most Australians, I will be staying up late to watch our country play in the FIFA World Cup. But I will also be watching the other World Cup. We’re being bombarded by pre-publicity for the Football…</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="26815" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Explainer: can the Senate block the budget?" href="/explainer-can-the-senate-block-the-budget-26815"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:66.53225806451613%;--background-color:#8b7053"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/48796/original/p24s2yfs-1400458990.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=496&fit=clip" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="48796"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Following the announcement of the budget, a mass of legislation to implement the new policies and allow the government to spend money is introduced into parliament. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">AAP/Lukas Coch</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-05-19T04:27:04Z" data-format="tc_date"> May 19, 2014 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/explainer-can-the-senate-block-the-budget-26815">Explainer: can the Senate block the budget?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-webster-126008">Adam Webster</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>In the days since the Abbott government released its first budget, the Labor Party, the Greens and the Palmer United Party have all said they will block parts of it in the Senate. Threats to block the…</span> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-four grid-prepend-one grid-last"> <div class="profile-user-details"> <button disabled class="button large contact-button-placeholder" style="opacity:0;"> </button> <ul class="profile-details clear"> <li> <i class="icon-location"></i> Oxford, United Kingdom </li> <li> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.twitter.com/DrAdamWebster"> <i class="icon-twitter"></i> @DrAdamWebster </a> </li> <li> <a href="/profiles/adam-webster-126008/articles.atom"> <i class="icon-rss"></i> Article Feed </a> </li> <li> <i class="icon-email"></i> adam.webster@bsg.ox.ac.uk </li> <li> <a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8222-0618"> <i class="icon-orcid"></i> ORCID </a> </li> <li> <i class="icon-time"></i> Joined <time datetime="2014-05-16T03:57:40Z" data-format="tc_date">May 16, 2014</time> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="profile-institution"> <a class="institution-logo" href="/institutions/university-of-oxford-1260"> <img alt="Institution logo" src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1260/logos/logo-1424731486.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=170&h=170" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footers"> <section class="footer-primary"> <div class="wrapper nocontent"> <section class="community footer-link-list grid-five large-grid-four"> <nav> <ul> <li> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DUkhOcnF1Ef1MpuKtGr7rbBAawO4XV48">Editorial Policies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/global/community-standards">Community standards</a> </li> <li> <a href="/global/republishing-guidelines">Republishing guidelines</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://analytics.theconversation.com/global">Analytics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/global/feeds">Our feeds</a> </li> <li> <a title="Sign up to receive our daily email newsletter" href="/global/newsletters/global-perspectives-6?utm_campaign=System&utm_content=newsletter&utm_medium=Footer&utm_source=theconversation.com">Get newsletter</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> 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E=new R;class C{constructor(){this.observers={}}on(t,e){return t.split(" ").forEach((t=>{this.observers[t]||(this.observers[t]=new Map);const n=this.observers[t].get(e)||0;this.observers[t].set(e,n+1)})),this}off(t,e){this.observers[t]&&(e?this.observers[t].delete(e):delete this.observers[t])}emit(t){for(var e=arguments.length,n=new Array(e>1?e-1:0),r=1;r<e;r++)n[r-1]=arguments[r];if(this.observers[t]){Array.from(this.observers[t].entries()).forEach((t=>{let[e,r]=t;for(let t=0;t<r;t++)e(...n)}))}if(this.observers["*"]){Array.from(this.observers["*"].entries()).forEach((e=>{let[r,o]=e;for(let e=0;e<o;e++)r.apply(r,[t,...n])}))}}}class N extends C{constructor(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{ns:["translation"],defaultNS:"translation"};super(),this.data=t||{},this.options=e,void 0===this.options.keySeparator&&(this.options.keySeparator="."),void 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s=[t,e];n&&(s=s.concat(i?n.split(i):n)),t.indexOf(".")>-1&&(s=t.split("."),r=e,e=s[1]),this.addNamespaces(e),y(this.data,s,r),o.silent||this.emit("added",t,e,n,r)}addResources(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{silent:!1};for(const r in n)(l(n[r])||Array.isArray(n[r]))&&this.addResource(t,e,r,n[r],{silent:!0});r.silent||this.emit("added",t,e,n)}addResourceBundle(t,e,n,r,o){let i=arguments.length>5&&void 0!==arguments[5]?arguments[5]:{silent:!1,skipCopy:!1},s=[t,e];t.indexOf(".")>-1&&(s=t.split("."),r=n,n=e,e=s[1]),this.addNamespaces(e);let a=m(this.data,s)||{};i.skipCopy||(n=JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(n))),r?b(a,n,o):a={...a,...n},y(this.data,s,a),i.silent||this.emit("added",t,e,n)}removeResourceBundle(t,e){this.hasResourceBundle(t,e)&&delete this.data[t][e],this.removeNamespaces(e),this.emit("removed",t,e)}hasResourceBundle(t,e){return void 0!==this.getResource(t,e)}getResourceBundle(t,e){return e||(e=this.options.defaultNS),this.getResource(t,e)}getDataByLanguage(t){return this.data[t]}hasLanguageSomeTranslations(t){const e=this.getDataByLanguage(t);return!!(e&&Object.keys(e)||[]).find((t=>e[t]&&Object.keys(e[t]).length>0))}toJSON(){return this.data}}var A={processors:{},addPostProcessor(t){this.processors[t.name]=t},handle(t,e,n,r,o){return t.forEach((t=>{e=this.processors[t]?.process(e,n,r,o)??e})),e}};const $={};class T extends C{constructor(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};super(),((t,e,n)=>{t.forEach((t=>{e[t]&&(n[t]=e[t])}))})(["resourceStore","languageUtils","pluralResolver","interpolator","backendConnector","i18nFormat","utils"],t,this),this.options=e,void 0===this.options.keySeparator&&(this.options.keySeparator="."),this.logger=E.create("translator")}changeLanguage(t){t&&(this.language=t)}exists(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{interpolation:{}};if(null==t)return!1;const n=this.resolve(t,e);return 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e&&this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler&&(e=this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler(arguments)),"object"==typeof e&&(e={...e}),e||(e={}),null==t)return"";Array.isArray(t)||(t=[String(t)]);const r=void 0!==e.returnDetails?e.returnDetails:this.options.returnDetails,o=void 0!==e.keySeparator?e.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator,{key:i,namespaces:s}=this.extractFromKey(t[t.length-1],e),a=s[s.length-1],u=e.lng||this.language,c=e.appendNamespaceToCIMode||this.options.appendNamespaceToCIMode;if("cimode"===u?.toLowerCase()){if(c){const t=e.nsSeparator||this.options.nsSeparator;return r?{res:`${a}${t}${i}`,usedKey:i,exactUsedKey:i,usedLng:u,usedNS:a,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(e)}:`${a}${t}${i}`}return r?{res:i,usedKey:i,exactUsedKey:i,usedLng:u,usedNS:a,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(e)}:i}const f=this.resolve(t,e);let p=f?.res;const h=f?.usedKey||i,d=f?.exactUsedKey||i,g=Object.prototype.toString.apply(p),v=void 0!==e.joinArrays?e.joinArrays:this.options.joinArrays,y=!this.i18nFormat||this.i18nFormat.handleAsObject,m=!l(p)&&"boolean"!=typeof p&&"number"!=typeof p;if(!(y&&p&&m&&["[object Number]","[object Function]","[object RegExp]"].indexOf(g)<0)||l(v)&&Array.isArray(p))if(y&&l(v)&&Array.isArray(p))p=p.join(v),p&&(p=this.extendTranslation(p,t,e,n));else{let r=!1,s=!1;const c=void 0!==e.count&&!l(e.count),h=T.hasDefaultValue(e),d=c?this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(u,e.count,e):"",g=e.ordinal&&c?this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(u,e.count,{ordinal:!1}):"",v=c&&!e.ordinal&&0===e.count,y=v&&e[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]||e[`defaultValue${d}`]||e[`defaultValue${g}`]||e.defaultValue;!this.isValidLookup(p)&&h&&(r=!0,p=y),this.isValidLookup(p)||(s=!0,p=i);const m=(e.missingKeyNoValueFallbackToKey||this.options.missingKeyNoValueFallbackToKey)&&s?void 0:p,b=h&&y!==p&&this.options.updateMissing;if(s||r||b){if(this.logger.log(b?"updateKey":"missingKey",u,a,i,b?y:p),o){const t=this.resolve(i,{...e,keySeparator:!1});t&&t.res&&this.logger.warn("Seems the loaded translations were in flat JSON format instead of nested. Either set keySeparator: false on init or make sure your translations are published in nested format.")}let t=[];const n=this.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng,e.lng||this.language);if("fallback"===this.options.saveMissingTo&&n&&n[0])for(let e=0;e<n.length;e++)t.push(n[e]);else"all"===this.options.saveMissingTo?t=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e.lng||this.language):t.push(e.lng||this.language);const r=(t,n,r)=>{const o=h&&r!==p?r:m;this.options.missingKeyHandler?this.options.missingKeyHandler(t,a,n,o,b,e):this.backendConnector?.saveMissing&&this.backendConnector.saveMissing(t,a,n,o,b,e),this.emit("missingKey",t,a,n,p)};this.options.saveMissing&&(this.options.saveMissingPlurals&&c?t.forEach((t=>{const n=this.pluralResolver.getSuffixes(t,e);v&&e[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]&&n.indexOf(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`)<0&&n.push(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`),n.forEach((n=>{r([t],i+n,e[`defaultValue${n}`]||y)}))})):r(t,i,y))}p=this.extendTranslation(p,t,e,f,n),s&&p===i&&this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey&&(p=`${a}:${i}`),(s||r)&&this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler&&(p=this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey?`${a}:${i}`:i,r?p:void 0))}else{if(!e.returnObjects&&!this.options.returnObjects){this.options.returnedObjectHandler||this.logger.warn("accessing an object - but returnObjects options is not enabled!");const t=this.options.returnedObjectHandler?this.options.returnedObjectHandler(h,p,{...e,ns:s}):`key '${i} (${this.language})' returned an object instead of string.`;return r?(f.res=t,f.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(e),f):t}if(o){const t=Array.isArray(p),n=t?[]:{},r=t?d:h;for(const t in p)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(p,t)){const i=`${r}${o}${t}`;n[t]=this.translate(i,{...e,joinArrays:!1,ns:s}),n[t]===i&&(n[t]=p[t])}p=n}}return r?(f.res=p,f.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(e),f):p}extendTranslation(t,e,n,r,o){var i=this;if(this.i18nFormat?.parse)t=this.i18nFormat.parse(t,{...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...n},n.lng||this.language||r.usedLng,r.usedNS,r.usedKey,{resolved:r});else if(!n.skipInterpolation){n.interpolation&&this.interpolator.init({...n,interpolation:{...this.options.interpolation,...n.interpolation}});const s=l(t)&&(void 0!==n?.interpolation?.skipOnVariables?n.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables);let a;if(s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a=e&&e.length}let u=n.replace&&!l(n.replace)?n.replace:n;if(this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(u={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...u}),t=this.interpolator.interpolate(t,u,n.lng||this.language||r.usedLng,n),s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a<(e&&e.length)&&(n.nest=!1)}!n.lng&&r&&r.res&&(n.lng=this.language||r.usedLng),!1!==n.nest&&(t=this.interpolator.nest(t,(function(){for(var t=arguments.length,r=new Array(t),s=0;s<t;s++)r[s]=arguments[s];return o?.[0]!==r[0]||n.context?i.translate(...r,e):(i.logger.warn(`It seems you are nesting recursively key: ${r[0]} in key: ${e[0]}`),null)}),n)),n.interpolation&&this.interpolator.reset()}const s=n.postProcess||this.options.postProcess,a=l(s)?[s]:s;return null!=t&&a?.length&&!1!==n.applyPostProcessor&&(t=A.handle(a,t,e,this.options&&this.options.postProcessPassResolved?{i18nResolved:{...r,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(n)},...n}:n,this)),t}resolve(t){let e,n,r,o,i,s=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};return l(t)&&(t=[t]),t.forEach((t=>{if(this.isValidLookup(e))return;const a=this.extractFromKey(t,s),u=a.key;n=u;let c=a.namespaces;this.options.fallbackNS&&(c=c.concat(this.options.fallbackNS));const f=void 0!==s.count&&!l(s.count),p=f&&!s.ordinal&&0===s.count,h=void 0!==s.context&&(l(s.context)||"number"==typeof s.context)&&""!==s.context,d=s.lngs?s.lngs:this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(s.lng||this.language,s.fallbackLng);c.forEach((t=>{this.isValidLookup(e)||(i=t,$[`${d[0]}-${t}`]||!this.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace||this.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace(i)||($[`${d[0]}-${t}`]=!0,this.logger.warn(`key "${n}" for languages "${d.join(", ")}" won't get resolved as namespace "${i}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!")),d.forEach((n=>{if(this.isValidLookup(e))return;o=n;const i=[u];if(this.i18nFormat?.addLookupKeys)this.i18nFormat.addLookupKeys(i,u,n,t,s);else{let t;f&&(t=this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(n,s.count,s));const e=`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`,r=`${this.options.pluralSeparator}ordinal${this.options.pluralSeparator}`;if(f&&(i.push(u+t),s.ordinal&&0===t.indexOf(r)&&i.push(u+t.replace(r,this.options.pluralSeparator)),p&&i.push(u+e)),h){const n=`${u}${this.options.contextSeparator}${s.context}`;i.push(n),f&&(i.push(n+t),s.ordinal&&0===t.indexOf(r)&&i.push(n+t.replace(r,this.options.pluralSeparator)),p&&i.push(n+e))}}let a;for(;a=i.pop();)this.isValidLookup(e)||(r=a,e=this.getResource(n,t,a,s))})))}))})),{res:e,usedKey:n,exactUsedKey:r,usedLng:o,usedNS:i}}isValidLookup(t){return!(void 0===t||!this.options.returnNull&&null===t||!this.options.returnEmptyString&&""===t)}getResource(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};return this.i18nFormat?.getResource?this.i18nFormat.getResource(t,e,n,r):this.resourceStore.getResource(t,e,n,r)}getUsedParamsDetails(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};const e=["defaultValue","ordinal","context","replace","lng","lngs","fallbackLng","ns","keySeparator","nsSeparator","returnObjects","returnDetails","joinArrays","postProcess","interpolation"],n=t.replace&&!l(t.replace);let r=n?t.replace:t;if(n&&void 0!==t.count&&(r.count=t.count),this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(r={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...r}),!n){r={...r};for(const t of e)delete r[t]}return r}static hasDefaultValue(t){const e="defaultValue";for(const n in t)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,n)&&e===n.substring(0,12)&&void 0!==t[n])return!0;return!1}}class I{constructor(t){this.options=t,this.supportedLngs=this.options.supportedLngs||!1,this.logger=E.create("languageUtils")}getScriptPartFromCode(t){if(!(t=L(t))||t.indexOf("-")<0)return null;const e=t.split("-");return 2===e.length?null:(e.pop(),"x"===e[e.length-1].toLowerCase()?null:this.formatLanguageCode(e.join("-")))}getLanguagePartFromCode(t){if(!(t=L(t))||t.indexOf("-")<0)return t;const e=t.split("-");return this.formatLanguageCode(e[0])}formatLanguageCode(t){if(l(t)&&t.indexOf("-")>-1){let e;try{e=Intl.getCanonicalLocales(t)[0]}catch(t){}return e&&this.options.lowerCaseLng&&(e=e.toLowerCase()),e||(this.options.lowerCaseLng?t.toLowerCase():t)}return this.options.cleanCode||this.options.lowerCaseLng?t.toLowerCase():t}isSupportedCode(t){return("languageOnly"===this.options.load||this.options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs)&&(t=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t)),!this.supportedLngs||!this.supportedLngs.length||this.supportedLngs.indexOf(t)>-1}getBestMatchFromCodes(t){if(!t)return null;let e;return t.forEach((t=>{if(e)return;const n=this.formatLanguageCode(t);this.options.supportedLngs&&!this.isSupportedCode(n)||(e=n)})),!e&&this.options.supportedLngs&&t.forEach((t=>{if(e)return;const n=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t);if(this.isSupportedCode(n))return e=n;e=this.options.supportedLngs.find((t=>t===n?t:t.indexOf("-")<0&&n.indexOf("-")<0?void 0:t.indexOf("-")>0&&n.indexOf("-")<0&&t.substring(0,t.indexOf("-"))===n||0===t.indexOf(n)&&n.length>1?t:void 0))})),e||(e=this.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng)[0]),e}getFallbackCodes(t,e){if(!t)return[];if("function"==typeof t&&(t=t(e)),l(t)&&(t=[t]),Array.isArray(t))return t;if(!e)return t.default||[];let n=t[e];return n||(n=t[this.getScriptPartFromCode(e)]),n||(n=t[this.formatLanguageCode(e)]),n||(n=t[this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e)]),n||(n=t.default),n||[]}toResolveHierarchy(t,e){const n=this.getFallbackCodes(e||this.options.fallbackLng||[],t),r=[],o=t=>{t&&(this.isSupportedCode(t)?r.push(t):this.logger.warn(`rejecting language code not found in supportedLngs: ${t}`))};return l(t)&&(t.indexOf("-")>-1||t.indexOf("_")>-1)?("languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t)),"languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.getScriptPartFromCode(t)),"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t))):l(t)&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t)),n.forEach((t=>{r.indexOf(t)<0&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t))})),r}}const F={zero:0,one:1,two:2,few:3,many:4,other:5},D={select:t=>1===t?"one":"other",resolvedOptions:()=>({pluralCategories:["one","other"]})};class M{constructor(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.languageUtils=t,this.options=e,this.logger=E.create("pluralResolver"),this.pluralRulesCache={}}addRule(t,e){this.rules[t]=e}clearCache(){this.pluralRulesCache={}}getRule(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};const 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i=`{${r[1]}`;t=r[0],i=this.interpolate(i,o);const s=i.match(/'/g),a=i.match(/"/g);((s?.length??0)%2==0&&!a||a.length%2!=0)&&(i=i.replace(/'/g,'"'));try{o=JSON.parse(i),e&&(o={...e,...o})}catch(e){return this.logger.warn(`failed parsing options string in nesting for key ${t}`,e),`${t}${n}${i}`}return o.defaultValue&&o.defaultValue.indexOf(this.prefix)>-1&&delete o.defaultValue,t};for(;n=this.nestingRegexp.exec(t);){let a=[];o={...i},o=o.replace&&!l(o.replace)?o.replace:o,o.applyPostProcessor=!1,delete o.defaultValue;let u=!1;if(-1!==n[0].indexOf(this.formatSeparator)&&!/{.*}/.test(n[1])){const t=n[1].split(this.formatSeparator).map((t=>t.trim()));n[1]=t.shift(),a=t,u=!0}if(r=e(s.call(this,n[1].trim(),o),o),r&&n[0]===t&&!l(r))return r;l(r)||(r=p(r)),r||(this.logger.warn(`missed to resolve ${n[1]} for nesting ${t}`),r=""),u&&(r=a.reduce(((t,e)=>this.format(t,e,i.lng,{...i,interpolationkey:n[1].trim()})),r.trim())),t=t.replace(n[0],r),this.regexp.lastIndex=0}return t}}const H=t=>{const e={};return(n,r,o)=>{let i=o;o&&o.interpolationkey&&o.formatParams&&o.formatParams[o.interpolationkey]&&o[o.interpolationkey]&&(i={...i,[o.interpolationkey]:void 0});const s=r+JSON.stringify(i);let a=e[s];return a||(a=t(L(r),o),e[s]=a),a(n)}};class K{constructor(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};this.logger=E.create("formatter"),this.options=t,this.formats={number:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.NumberFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)})),currency:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.NumberFormat(t,{...e,style:"currency"});return t=>n.format(t)})),datetime:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.DateTimeFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)})),relativetime:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t,e.range||"day")})),list:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.ListFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)}))},this.init(t)}init(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 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0===a[e]&&(a[e]=!0)))})),r||(s[t]=!0)})),(Object.keys(o).length||Object.keys(i).length)&&this.queue.push({pending:i,pendingCount:Object.keys(i).length,loaded:{},errors:[],callback:r}),{toLoad:Object.keys(o),pending:Object.keys(i),toLoadLanguages:Object.keys(s),toLoadNamespaces:Object.keys(a)}}loaded(t,e,n){const r=t.split("|"),o=r[0],i=r[1];e&&this.emit("failedLoading",o,i,e),!e&&n&&this.store.addResourceBundle(o,i,n,void 0,void 0,{skipCopy:!0}),this.state[t]=e?-1:2,e&&n&&(this.state[t]=0);const s={};this.queue.forEach((n=>{((t,e,n)=>{const{obj:r,k:o}=v(t,e,Object);r[o]=r[o]||[],r[o].push(n)})(n.loaded,[o],i),((t,e)=>{void 0!==t.pending[e]&&(delete t.pending[e],t.pendingCount--)})(n,t),e&&n.errors.push(e),0!==n.pendingCount||n.done||(Object.keys(n.loaded).forEach((t=>{s[t]||(s[t]={});const e=n.loaded[t];e.length&&e.forEach((e=>{void 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n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{},r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;if(!this.backend)return this.logger.warn("No backend was added via i18next.use. 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