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href="#Jewish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Jewish </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greco-Roman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greco-Roman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Greco-Roman </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greco-Roman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burial_and_empty_tomb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burial_and_empty_tomb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Burial and empty tomb </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Burial_and_empty_tomb-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Burial and empty tomb subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Burial_and_empty_tomb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Burial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Burial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Empty_tomb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Empty_tomb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Empty tomb </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Empty_tomb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Skepticism_about_the_empty_tomb_narrative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skepticism_about_the_empty_tomb_narrative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Skepticism about the empty tomb narrative </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skepticism_about_the_empty_tomb_narrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Empty_tomb_and_resurrection_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Empty_tomb_and_resurrection_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Empty tomb and resurrection appearances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Empty_tomb_and_resurrection_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resurrection_of_a_transformed_body" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resurrection_of_a_transformed_body"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Resurrection of a transformed body </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resurrection_of_a_transformed_body-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significance_in_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significance_in_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Significance in Christianity </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Significance_in_Christianity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Significance in Christianity subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Significance_in_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foundation_of_Christian_faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_of_Christian_faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Foundation of Christian faith </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_of_Christian_faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_ekklēsia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_ekklēsia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 First ekklēsia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_ekklēsia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ushering_in_the_last_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ushering_in_the_last_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Ushering in the last days </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ushering_in_the_last_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exaltation_and_Christology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exaltation_and_Christology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Exaltation and Christology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exaltation_and_Christology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christ-devotion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christ-devotion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2.1 Christ-devotion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christ-devotion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Low_and_High_Christology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low_and_High_Christology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2.2 Low and High Christology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low_and_High_Christology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redemptive_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redemptive_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Redemptive death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redemptive_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Call_to_missionary_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Call_to_missionary_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4 Call to missionary activity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Call_to_missionary_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership_of_Peter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership_of_Peter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.5 Leadership of Peter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership_of_Peter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paul_–_participation_in_Christ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paul_–_participation_in_Christ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Paul – participation in Christ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paul_–_participation_in_Christ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Church_Fathers_–_atonement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Church_Fathers_–_atonement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Church Fathers – atonement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Church_Fathers_–_atonement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Antiquity_and_early_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Antiquity_and_early_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Late Antiquity and early Middle Ages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Antiquity_and_early_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Present-day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present-day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Present-day </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Present-day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Denominations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roman_Catholic_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Catholic_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7.1 Roman Catholic Church </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Catholic_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Easter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Easter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Easter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Easter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Christian_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Christian_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 In Christian art </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_Christian_art-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In Christian art subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_Christian_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallery_of_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery_of_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Gallery of art </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery_of_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Relics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_of_other_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_of_other_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Views of other religions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views_of_other_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Views of other religions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Views_of_other_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Judaism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gnostics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gnostics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Gnostics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gnostics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam_Ahmadiyya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam_Ahmadiyya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Islam Ahmadiyya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam_Ahmadiyya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Resurrection of Jesus</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" > 64 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auferstehung_Jesu_Christi" title="Auferstehung Jesu Christi – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Auferstehung Jesu Christi" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9" title="قيامة يسوع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قيامة يسوع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%A5" title="ܩܝܡܬܐ ܕܝܫܘܥ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܝܡܬܐ ܕܝܫܘܥ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0san%C4%B1n_dirilm%C9%99si" title="İsanın dirilməsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İsanın dirilməsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="যীশুর পুনরুত্থান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যীশুর পুনরুত্থান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%86%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Уваскрэсенне Ісуса Хрыста – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уваскрэсенне Ісуса Хрыста" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isusovo_uskrsnu%C4%87e" title="Isusovo uskrsnuće – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Isusovo uskrsnuće" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurrecci%C3%B3_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Resurrecció de Jesús – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Resurrecció de Jesús" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C5%BE%C3%AD%C5%A1ovo_vzk%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1en%C3%AD" title="Ježíšovo vzkříšení – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ježíšovo vzkříšení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atgyfodiad_yr_Iesu" title="Atgyfodiad yr Iesu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Atgyfodiad yr Iesu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesu_opstandelse" title="Jesu opstandelse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jesu opstandelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auferstehung_Jesu_Christi" title="Auferstehung Jesu Christi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Auferstehung Jesu Christi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Ανάσταση του Χριστού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανάσταση του Χριστού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurrecci%C3%B3n_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Resurrección de Jesús – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Resurrección de Jesús" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurekto_de_Jesuo" title="Resurekto de Jesuo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Resurekto de Jesuo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesusen_Piztuera" title="Jesusen Piztuera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jesusen Piztuera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD" title="رستاخیز مسیح – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رستاخیز مسیح" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9surrection_de_J%C3%A9sus" title="Résurrection de Jésus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Résurrection de Jésus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opstanning_fan_Jezus" title="Opstanning fan Jezus – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Opstanning fan Jezus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ais%C3%A9ir%C3%AD_%C3%8Dosa" title="Aiséirí Íosa – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aiséirí Íosa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurrecci%C3%B3n_de_Xes%C3%BAs" title="Resurrección de Xesús – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Resurrección de Xesús" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%88%98%EC%9D%98_%EB%B6%80%ED%99%9C" title="예수의 부활 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="예수의 부활" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հիսուսի հարություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիսուսի հարություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="यीशु मसीह का पुनरुत्थान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यीशु मसीह का पुनरुत्थान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskrsnu%C4%87e_Isusa_Krista" title="Uskrsnuće Isusa Krista – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Uskrsnuće Isusa Krista" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebangkitan_Yesus" title="Kebangkitan Yesus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebangkitan Yesus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risurrezione_di_Ges%C3%B9" title="Risurrezione di Gesù – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Risurrezione di Gesù" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95" title="תחיית ישו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תחיית ישו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wungu_Dalem_Y%C3%A9sus" title="Wungu Dalem Yésus – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wungu Dalem Yésus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufufuko_wa_Yesu" title="Ufufuko wa Yesu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ufufuko wa Yesu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%93zus_aug%C5%A1%C4%81mcel%C5%A1an%C4%81s" title="Jēzus augšāmcelšanās – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jēzus augšāmcelšanās" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Исусово воскресение – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Исусово воскресение" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitsanganan%27_i_Jesoa_ho_velona" title="Fitsanganan' i Jesoa ho velona – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fitsanganan' i Jesoa ho velona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="യേശുവിന്റെ ഉയിർത്തെഴുന്നേൽപ്പ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യേശുവിന്റെ ഉയിർത്തെഴുന്നേൽപ്പ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9" title="قيامة يسوع – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قيامة يسوع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebangkitan_Yesus" title="Kebangkitan Yesus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kebangkitan Yesus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dood_en_herrijzenis_van_Jezus" title="Dood en herrijzenis van Jezus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dood en herrijzenis van Jezus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E6%B4%BB_(%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E6%95%99)" title="復活 (キリスト教) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="復活 (キリスト教)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ӏийса денвалар – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏийса денвалар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zmartwychwstanie_Jezusa_Chrystusa" title="Zmartwychwstanie Jezusa Chrystusa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zmartwychwstanie Jezusa Chrystusa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ressurrei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Jesus" title="Ressurreição de Jesus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ressurreição de Jesus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Envierea_lui_Iisus_Hristos" title="Învierea lui Iisus Hristos – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Învierea lui Iisus Hristos" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Воскресїня Хріста – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Воскресїня Хріста" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Воскресение Иисуса Христа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Воскресение Иисуса Христа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A9_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AB_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%B2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9C" title="ᱡᱤᱥᱩ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱤᱥᱩ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Resurrection of Jesus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zm%C5%95tvychvstanie_Je%C5%BEi%C5%A1a_Krista" title="Zmŕtvychvstanie Ježiša Krista – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zmŕtvychvstanie Ježiša Krista" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristusovo_vstajenje" title="Kristusovo vstajenje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kristusovo vstajenje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isusovo_vaskrsenje" title="Isusovo vaskrsenje – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Isusovo vaskrsenje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isusovo_uskrsnu%C4%87e" title="Isusovo uskrsnuće – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Isusovo uskrsnuće" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudangna_Y%C3%A9sus" title="Hudangna Yésus – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hudangna Yésus" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeesuksen_yl%C3%B6snousemus" title="Jeesuksen ylösnousemus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jeesuksen ylösnousemus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesu_uppst%C3%A5ndelse" title="Jesu uppståndelse – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jesu uppståndelse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இயேசுவின் உயிர்த்தெழுதல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயேசுவின் உயிர்த்தெழுதல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9" title="การคืนพระชนม์ของพระเยซู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การคืนพระชนม์ของพระเยซู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sa%27n%C4%B1n_dirili%C5%9Fi" title="İsa'nın dirilişi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İsa'nın dirilişi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Воскресіння Христа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Воскресіння Христа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD" title="قیامت مسیح – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قیامت مسیح" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resuresion_de_Jez%C3%B9" title="Resuresion de Jezù – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Resuresion de Jezù" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%B1_ph%E1%BB%A5c_sinh_c%E1%BB%A7a_Gi%C3%AAsu" title="Sự phục sinh của Giêsu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sự phục sinh của Giêsu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB" title="耶稣复活 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="耶稣复活" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Foundational Christian doctrine that states that Jesus rose from the dead</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg/260px-Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg/390px-Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg/520px-Rafael_-_ressureicaocristo01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4086" data-file-height="4977" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Christ_(Raphael)" title="Resurrection of Christ (Raphael)">Resurrection of Jesus Christ</a> (Kinnaird Resurrection) by <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>, 1502</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#dcf5dc;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#dcf5dc;">Death and Resurrection of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Caravaggio_-_La_Deposizione_di_Cristo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entombment of Christ"><img alt="Entombment of Christ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Caravaggio_-_La_Deposizione_di_Cristo.jpg/150px-Caravaggio_-_La_Deposizione_di_Cristo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Caravaggio_-_La_Deposizione_di_Cristo.jpg/225px-Caravaggio_-_La_Deposizione_di_Cristo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Caravaggio_-_La_Deposizione_di_Cristo.jpg/300px-Caravaggio_-_La_Deposizione_di_Cristo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="864" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></li> <li>Trials <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Sanhedrin trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_at_Herod%27s_court" title="Jesus at Herod's court">Herod's court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ" title="Flagellation of Christ">Flagellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocking_of_Jesus" title="Mocking of Jesus">Mocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_thorns" title="Crown of thorns">Crown of thorns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Dolorosa" title="Via Dolorosa">Via Dolorosa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion and Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resurrection</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Biblical_accounts">Biblical accounts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Overview_of_resurrection_appearances_in_the_Gospels_and_Paul" title="Overview of resurrection appearances in the Gospels and Paul">overview</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noli_me_tangere" title="Noli me tangere">Noli me tangere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_to_Emmaus_appearance" title="Road to Emmaus appearance">Road to Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Monday" title="Holy Monday">Holy Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Tuesday" title="Holy Tuesday">Holy Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Wednesday" title="Holy Wednesday">Spy Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Maundy Thursday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Significance</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Visions of Jesus</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vision_theory_of_Jesus%27_appearances" title="Vision theory of Jesus' appearances">Vision theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">Visions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">Religious experience</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Empty tomb theories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_body_hypothesis" title="Stolen body hypothesis">Stolen body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swoon_hypothesis" title="Swoon hypothesis">Swoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_body_hypothesis" title="Lost body hypothesis">Lost body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substitution_hypothesis" title="Substitution hypothesis">Twin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Jesus%27_crucifixion" title="Instrument of Jesus' crucifixion">Instrument of crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_darkness" title="Crucifixion darkness">Crucifixion darkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Paul_the_Apostle" title="Conversion of Paul the Apostle">Conversion of Paul the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_Jesus%27s_death" title="Islamic views on Jesus's death">Islamic view</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> Portals: <a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/16px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/24px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Death_of_Jesus" title="Template:Death of Jesus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Death_of_Jesus" title="Template talk:Death of Jesus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Death_of_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Death of Jesus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Events</a> in the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><big><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Life of Jesus</a></big> according to the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospels">canonical gospels</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:GaudenzioFerrari_StorieCristo_Varallo2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Life of Jesus"><img alt="Life of Jesus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/GaudenzioFerrari_StorieCristo_Varallo2.jpg/255px-GaudenzioFerrari_StorieCristo_Varallo2.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/GaudenzioFerrari_StorieCristo_Varallo2.jpg/383px-GaudenzioFerrari_StorieCristo_Varallo2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/GaudenzioFerrari_StorieCristo_Varallo2.jpg/510px-GaudenzioFerrari_StorieCristo_Varallo2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="524" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Early life</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_dreams" title="Saint Joseph's dreams">Joseph's dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_to_the_shepherds" title="Annunciation to the shepherds">Annunciation to the Shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Adoration of the Shepherds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumcision_of_Jesus" title="Circumcision of Jesus">Circumcision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi" title="Adoration of the Magi">Adoration of the Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Massacre of the Innocents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Jesus" title="Presentation of Jesus">Presentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_family_of_Jesus_to_Nazareth" title="Return of the family of Jesus to Nazareth">Return to Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_in_the_Temple" title="Finding in the Temple">Finding in the Temple</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Commissioning the Twelve Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayers_of_Jesus" title="Prayers of Jesus">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_Jesus" title="Rejection of Jesus">Rejection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleansing_of_the_Temple" title="Cleansing of the Temple">Temple cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second coming prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraclete" title="Paraclete">Paraclete promised</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">Kiss of Judas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Sanhedrin trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocking_of_Jesus" title="Mocking of Jesus">Mocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_at_Herod%27s_court" title="Jesus at Herod's court">Herod's court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ" title="Flagellation of Christ">Flagellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_thorns" title="Crown of thorns">Crown of Thorns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Dolorosa" title="Via Dolorosa">Via Dolorosa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Descent_from_the_Cross" title="Descent from the Cross">Descent from the Cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Entombment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell" title="Harrowing of Hell">Harrowing of Hell</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resurrection</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Biblical_accounts">Appearances</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noli_me_tangere" title="Noli me tangere">Noli me tangere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_to_Emmaus_appearance" title="Road to Emmaus appearance">Road to Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">In rest of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">NT</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Paul_the_Apostle" title="Conversion of Paul the Apostle">Road to Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man" title="John's vision of the Son of Man">John's vision</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> Portals: <a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/16px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/24px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_Jesus" title="Template:Gospel Jesus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_Jesus" title="Template talk:Gospel Jesus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel Jesus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #efefef">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity" title="Category:Christianity">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #efefef"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Principal symbol of Christianity"><img alt="Principal symbol of Christianity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/50px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/75px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/100px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></li><li>Foundations</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="God the Father (Christianity)">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics">Apologetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History of theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">(full list)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Nicene</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedevacantism" title="Sedevacantism">Sedevacantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Free Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian [Hussite]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">United Protestant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational Christianity</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_Church_of_God_International" title="Members Church of God International">Members Church of God International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">The New Church (Swedenborgian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unitarian,_Universalist,_and_Unitarian_Universalist_churches" title="List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist churches">Unitarians and Universalists</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">Sermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christian cross"><img alt="Christian cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/20px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The resurrection of Jesus (<a href="/wiki/Biblical_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Greek language">Biblical Greek</a>: ἀνάστασις τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, romanized: anástasis toú Iēsoú) is the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> event that <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <a href="/wiki/Resurrection" title="Resurrection">raised</a> <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> from the dead on the third day<a href="#cite_note-third_day-1">[note 1]</a> after <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">his crucifixion</a>, starting – or <a href="/wiki/Preexistence_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Preexistence of Christ">restoring</a><a href="#cite_note-EB_ih-2">[web 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-EB_restoration-3">[note 2]</a> – his <a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">exalted life</a> as <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesus_is_Lord" title="Jesus is Lord">Lord</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Holcomb-4">[web 2]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> writing, Jesus was <a href="/wiki/Firstborn_(Judaism)" title="Firstborn (Judaism)">firstborn from the dead</a>, ushering in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God">Kingdom of God</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovakovic2014152-5">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Holcomb-4">[web 2]</a> He appeared to his disciples, calling the apostles to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a> of forgiving sin and baptizing <a href="/wiki/Repentance_in_Christianity" title="Repentance in Christianity">repenters</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">ascended to Heaven</a>. For the Christian tradition, the bodily resurrection was the restoration to life of a <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_body" title="Spiritual body">transformed body</a> powered by <a href="/wiki/Pneuma" title="Pneuma">spirit</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Habermas.2005-6">[web 3]</a> as described by <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> authors, that led to the establishment of Christianity. In <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a>, the resurrection of Jesus is "the central mystery of the Christian faith".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiniscalchi2011363-7">[2]</a> It provides the foundation for that faith, as commemorated by <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>, along with Jesus's life, death and sayings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn198553-8">[3]</a> For Christians, his resurrection is the guarantee that <a href="/wiki/Universal_resurrection" title="Universal resurrection">all the Christian dead will be resurrected</a> at Christ's <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">parousia</a> (second coming).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovakovic2014153-154-9">[4]</a> Secular and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Christian">liberal Christian</a> scholarship asserts that religious experiences,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200572–73-10">[5]</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Vision_theory_of_Jesus%27_appearances" title="Vision theory of Jesus' appearances">visionary appearances of Jesus</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoester200064–65-11">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008b141-12">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201498,_101-13">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hurtado_visions-14">[note 3]</a> and an inspired reading of the Biblical texts,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200574,_84-15">[9]</a> gave the impetus to the belief in the exaltation of Jesus<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014109–110-16">[10]</a> as a "fulfillment of the scriptures",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005186-17">[11]</a> and a resumption of the missionary activity of Jesus's followers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoester200064–65-11">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a151–152-18">[12]</a> Scholars of <a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Jesus as a historical figure</a> tend to generally avoid the topic, since many believe the matter to be about faith, or lack thereof.<a href="#cite_note-19">[13]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biblical_accounts">Biblical accounts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biblical accounts">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Overview_of_resurrection_appearances_in_the_Gospels_and_Paul" title="Overview of resurrection appearances in the Gospels and Paul">Overview of resurrection appearances in the Gospels and Paul (table)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noel-coypel-the-resurrection-of-christ-1700.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Noel-coypel-the-resurrection-of-christ-1700.jpg/220px-Noel-coypel-the-resurrection-of-christ-1700.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Noel-coypel-the-resurrection-of-christ-1700.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>Resurrection of Christ, <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coypel" title="Noël Coypel">Noël Coypel</a>, 1700, using a <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art">hovering depiction</a> of Jesus</figcaption></figure> The conviction that Jesus was raised from the dead is found in the earliest evidence of Christian origins.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELicona2010223–235-20">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[note 4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paul_and_the_first_Christians">Paul and the first Christians</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Paul and the first Christians">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Christianity" title="Pauline Christianity">Pauline Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Christian">Jewish Christian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle_and_Jewish_Christianity" title="Paul the Apostle and Jewish Christianity">Paul the Apostle and Jewish Christianity</a></div> The moment of resurrection itself is not described in any of the canonical gospels, but all four contain passages in which Jesus is portrayed as predicting his death and resurrection, or contain allusions that "the reader will understand".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell2018unpaginated-26">[19]</a> The New Testament writings do not contain any descriptions of a resurrection but rather accounts of an <a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">empty tomb</a> and appearances of Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a141-27">[20]</a> One of the letters sent by <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a> to one of the early Greek churches, the <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">First Epistle to the Corinthians</a>, contains one of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Creed#Christian_creeds" title="Creed">Christian creeds</a> referring to post-mortem appearances of Jesus, and expressing the belief that he was raised from the dead, namely 1 Corinthians 15:3–8.<a href="#cite_note-28">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld196447-29">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2014374-30">[23]</a> It is widely accepted that this creed predates Paul and the writing of First Corinthians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKloppenborg1978351-22">[16]</a> Scholars have contended that in his presentation of the resurrection, Paul refers to this as an earlier authoritative tradition, transmitted in a rabbinic style, that he received and has passed on to the church at Corinth.<a href="#cite_note-32">[note 5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geza_Vermes" class="mw-redirect" title="Geza Vermes">Geza Vermes</a> writes that the creed is "a tradition he [Paul] has inherited from his seniors in the faith concerning the death, burial and resurrection of Jesus".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a121–122-33">[25]</a> The creed's ultimate origins are probably within the Jerusalem apostolic community, having been formalised and passed on within a few years of the resurrection.<a href="#cite_note-34">[note 6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gr%C3%A4ssel" title="Hans Grässel">Hans Grass</a> argues for an origin in Damascus,<a href="#cite_note-35">[26]</a> and according to Paul Barnett, this creedal formula, and others, were variants of the "one basic early tradition that Paul "received" in Damascus from Ananias in about 34 [AD]" after his conversion.<a href="#cite_note-Barnett182-36">[27]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">[3] For I handed on to you as of first importance what I in turn had received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the scriptures,<a href="#cite_note-died_for-43">[note 7]</a> [4] and that he was buried, and that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the scriptures,<a href="#cite_note-third_day-1">[note 1]</a> [5] and that he appeared to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Cephas</a>, then to the twelve. [6] Then he appeared to more than five hundred brothers and sisters at one time, most of whom are still alive, though some have died. [7] Then he appeared to James, then to all the apostles. [8] Last of all, as to one untimely born, he appeared also to me.<a href="#cite_note-48">[37]</a></blockquote> In the Jerusalem ekklēsia (Church), from which Paul received this creed, the phrase "died for our sins" probably was an <a href="/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics">apologetic</a> rationale for the death of Jesus as being part of God's plan and purpose, as evidenced in the scriptures. For Paul, it gained a deeper significance, providing "a basis for the salvation of sinful Gentiles apart from the Torah."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005131-49">[38]</a> The phrase "died for our sins" was derived from <a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a>, especially 53:4–11,<a href="#cite_note-50">[39]</a> and <a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a>, especially 6:28–29.<a href="#cite_note-bibleverse|4|Maccabees|6:28–29-40">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-died_for-43">[note 7]</a> "Raised on the third day" is derived from Hosea 6:1–2:<a href="#cite_note-bibleref2|Hosea|6:1–2-45">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen199673-44">[33]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> Come, let us return to the Lord; for he has torn us, that he may heal us; he has struck us down, and he will bind us up. After two days he will revive us; on the third day he will raise us up, that we may live before him.<a href="#cite_note-third_day-1">[note 1]</a> </div></blockquote> Paul, writing to the members of the church at Corinth, said that Jesus appeared to him in the same fashion in which he appeared to the earlier witnesses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehtipuu201542-51">[40]</a> In <a href="/wiki/2_Corinthians_12" title="2 Corinthians 12">2 Corinthians 12</a> Paul described "a man in Christ [presumably Paul himself] who ... was caught up to the third heaven", and while the language is obscure, a plausible interpretation is that the man believed he saw Jesus enthroned at the right hand of God.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChester2007394-52">[41]</a> The many Pauline references affirming his belief in the resurrection include: <ul><li>Romans 1:3–4: "...concerning his Son, who was descended from David according to the flesh and designated the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by his resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord".<a href="#cite_note-53">[42]</a></li> <li>2 Timothy 2:8: "Remember Jesus Christ, raised from the dead... this is my gospel for which I am suffering even to the point of being chained like a criminal. But God’s word is not chained...".<a href="#cite_note-54">[43]</a></li> <li>1 Corinthians 15:3–7: "...that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures..."<a href="#cite_note-55">[44]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gospels_and_Acts">Gospels and Acts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gospels and Acts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mark_16" title="Mark 16">Mark 16</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_28" title="Matthew 28">Matthew 28</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luke_24" title="Luke 24">Luke 24</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acts_1" title="Acts 1">Acts 1</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_20" title="John 20">John 20</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial of Jesus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Myrrhbearers" title="Myrrhbearers">Myrrhbearers</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilon-risenchrist2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Pilon-risenchrist2.jpg/220px-Pilon-risenchrist2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Pilon-risenchrist2.jpg/330px-Pilon-risenchrist2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Pilon-risenchrist2.jpg/440px-Pilon-risenchrist2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Germain Pilon (French, <abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1590), Resurrection of Jesus Christ. Marble, before 1572</figcaption></figure> Jesus is described as the "<a href="/wiki/Firstborn_(Judaism)" title="Firstborn (Judaism)">firstborn from the dead</a>", prōtotokos, the first to be raised from the dead, thereby acquiring the "special status of the firstborn as the preeminent son and heir".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovakovic2014152-5">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Holcomb-4">[web 2]</a> His resurrection is also the guarantee that all the Christian dead will be resurrected at Christ's <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">parousia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovakovic2014153-154-9">[4]</a> After the resurrection, Jesus is portrayed as calling the apostles to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a>, as described in Matthew 28:16–20,<a href="#cite_note-Bibleref2|Matthew|28:16–20-56">[45]</a> Mark 16:14–18,<a href="#cite_note-57">[46]</a> Luke 24:44–49,<a href="#cite_note-58">[47]</a> Acts 1:4–8,<a href="#cite_note-59">[48]</a> and John 20:19–23,<a href="#cite_note-60">[49]</a> in which the disciples receive the call "to let the world know the good news of a victorious Saviour and the very presence of God in the world by the spirit".<a href="#cite_note-61">[50]</a> According to these texts, Jesus says that they "will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you",<a href="#cite_note-62">[51]</a> that "repentance and forgiveness of sins is to be proclaimed in [the Messiah's] name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem",<a href="#cite_note-63">[52]</a> and that "if you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained".<a href="#cite_note-64">[53]</a> The shorter version of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a> ends with the discovery of the empty tomb by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a>, Salome, and "Mary the mother of James". A young man in a white robe at the site of the tomb announced to them that Jesus has risen, and instructed them to "tell Peter and the disciples that he will meet them in Galilee, 'just as he told you'" (<a href="/wiki/Mark_16" title="Mark 16">Mark 16</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring20063,_14-65">[54]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a>, an angel appeared to Mary Magdalene at the empty tomb, telling her that Jesus is not there because he has been raised from the dead, and instructing her to tell the other followers to go to Galilee, to meet Jesus. Jesus then appeared to Mary Magdalene and "the other Mary" at the tomb; and next, based on Mark 16:7, Jesus appeared to all the disciples on a mountain in Galilee, where Jesus claimed authority over heaven and earth, and commissioned the disciples to preach the gospel to the whole world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotter2001127-66">[55]</a> In this message, the end times are delayed "to bring the world to discipleship".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotter2001149–150-67">[56]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Konstanz_M%C3%BCnster_Westportal_R07_Marien_am_Grab_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Konstanz_M%C3%BCnster_Westportal_R07_Marien_am_Grab_01.jpg/220px-Konstanz_M%C3%BCnster_Westportal_R07_Marien_am_Grab_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Konstanz_M%C3%BCnster_Westportal_R07_Marien_am_Grab_01.jpg/330px-Konstanz_M%C3%BCnster_Westportal_R07_Marien_am_Grab_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Konstanz_M%C3%BCnster_Westportal_R07_Marien_am_Grab_01.jpg/440px-Konstanz_M%C3%BCnster_Westportal_R07_Marien_am_Grab_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3246" data-file-height="4057" /></a><figcaption>The three Marys at the Tomb of Christ (1470) at the west portal of <a href="/wiki/Konstanz_Minster" title="Konstanz Minster">Konstanz Minster</a>, Baden-Württemberg, Germany</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>, "the women who had come with him from Galilee"<a href="#cite_note-68">[57]</a> come to his tomb, which they find empty. Two angelic beings appeared to announce that Jesus is not there but has been raised.<a href="#cite_note-69">[58]</a> Jesus then appeared to two followers on their way to Emmaus, who notify the eleven remaining Apostles, who respond that Jesus has appeared to Peter. While they were describing this, Jesus appeared again, explaining that he is the messiah who was raised from the dead according to the scriptures "and that repentance and forgiveness of sins is to be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem".<a href="#cite_note-70">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002211-71">[60]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Luke–Acts</a> (two works from the same author) he then <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">ascended into heaven</a>, his rightful home.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002211-71">[60]</a> In Acts of the Apostles, Jesus appeared to the apostles for forty days and commanded them to stay in Jerusalem,<a href="#cite_note-72">[61]</a> after which Jesus ascended to heaven, followed by the coming of the Holy Spirit at <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a> and the missionary task of the early church.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1973103-73">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewish-Hellenistic_background">Jewish-Hellenistic background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Jewish-Hellenistic background">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5part-icon.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/5part-icon.jpeg/220px-5part-icon.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/5part-icon.jpeg/330px-5part-icon.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/5part-icon.jpeg/440px-5part-icon.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Five-part resurrection <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solovetsky_Monastery" title="Solovetsky Monastery">Solovetsky Monastery</a>, 17th century</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish">Jewish</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Jewish">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish eschatology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_the_dead" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection of the dead">Resurrection of the dead</a></div> In Judaism, the idea of resurrection first emerges in the 3rd century BC <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch#The_Book_of_the_Watchers" title="Book of Enoch">Book of Watchers</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElledge2017130ff-74">[63]</a> and in the 2nd century BC <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchäfer200372–73-75">[64]</a> the later possibly as a belief in the resurrection of the <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul</a> alone, which was then developed by the Pharisees as a belief in bodily resurrection, an idea completely alien to the Greeks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchäfer200372–73-75">[64]</a> <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> tells of the three main Jewish sects of the 1st century AD, that the <a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a> held that both soul and body perished at death; the <a href="/wiki/Essenes" title="Essenes">Essenes</a> that the soul was immortal but the flesh was not; and the <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a> that the soul was immortal and that the body would be resurrected to house it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchäfer200372-76">[65]</a> Of these three positions, Jesus and the early Christians appear to have been closest to that of the Pharisees.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Voorst2000430-77">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Mason_(biblical_scholar)" title="Steve Mason (biblical scholar)">Steve Mason</a> notes that for the Pharisees, "the new body is a special, holy body", which is different from the old body, "a view shared to some extent by the ex-Pharisee Paul (1. Cor. 15:35ff)".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMason2001169-78">[67]</a> The evidence from Jewish texts and from tomb inscriptions points to a more complex reality: for example, when the author of the Book of Daniel wrote that "many of those sleeping in the dust shall awaken",<a href="#cite_note-79">[68]</a> religion scholar <a href="/wiki/Dag_%C3%98istein_Endsj%C3%B8" title="Dag Øistein Endsjø">Dag Øistein Endsjø</a> believes he probably had in mind a rebirth as <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angelic</a> beings (metaphorically described as stars in God's Heaven, stars having been identified with angels from early times); such a rebirth would rule out a bodily resurrection, as angels were believed to be fleshless.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEndsjø2009124–125-80">[69]</a> Other scholars hold that Daniel exposes a belief in a bodily resurrection.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElledge201721,_23-81">[70]</a> Other texts range from the traditional Old Testament view that the soul would spend eternity in the underworld, to a metaphorical belief in the raising of the spirit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehtipuu201531–32-82">[71]</a> Most avoided defining what resurrection might imply, but a resurrection of the flesh was a marginal belief.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEndsjø2009145-83">[72]</a> As Outi Lehtipuu states, "belief in resurrection was far from being an established doctrine"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehtipuu201532-84">[73]</a> of <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_Judaism" title="Second Temple Judaism">Second Temple Judaism</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greco-Roman">Greco-Roman</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Greco-Roman">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Immortality#Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Immortality">Immortality § Ancient Greek religion</a></div> The Greeks traditionally held that a number of men and women gained physical immortality as they were translated to live forever in either <a href="/wiki/Elysium" title="Elysium">Elysium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Islands_of_the_Blessed" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of the Blessed">Islands of the Blessed</a>, heaven, the ocean, or literally right under the ground. While some scholars have attempted to trace resurrection beliefs in pagan traditions concerning death and bodily disappearances,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEndsjø200954–70-85">[74]</a> the attitudes towards resurrection were generally negative among pagans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright200353-86">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[web 5]</a> For example, <a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a> was killed by Zeus for using herbs to resurrect the dead, but by his father <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>'s request, was subsequently immortalized as a star.<a href="#cite_note-88">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[78]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Bart_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart Ehrman">Bart Ehrman</a>, most of the alleged parallels between Jesus and pagan deities only exist in the modern imagination, and there are no "accounts of others who were born to virgin mothers and who died as an atonement for sin and then were raised from the dead."<a href="#cite_note-91">[79]</a> From Hellenistic times on, some Greeks held that the soul of a meritorious man could be translated into a god in the process of <a href="/wiki/Apotheosis" title="Apotheosis">apotheosis</a> (divinization) which then transferred them to a special place of honour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright200356,_76-92">[80]</a> Successors of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> made this idea very well known throughout the Middle East through coins bearing his image, a privilege previously reserved for gods.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotter2001131-93">[81]</a> The idea was adopted by the Roman emperors, and in the Imperial Roman concept of apotheosis, the earthly body of the recently deceased emperor was replaced by a new and divine one as he ascended into heaven.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotter2001131,_135–136-94">[82]</a> These stories proliferated in the middle to late first century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright200376-95">[83]</a> The apotheosised dead remained recognisable to those who met them, as when <a href="/wiki/Romulus" title="Romulus">Romulus</a> appeared to witnesses after his death, but as the biographer <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> AD 46 – c. 120) explained of this incident, while something within humans comes from the gods and returns to them after death, this happens "only when it is most completely separated and set free from the body, and becomes altogether pure, fleshless, and undefiled".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins200946,_51-96">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burial_and_empty_tomb">Burial and empty tomb</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Burial and empty tomb">edit</a>]</div> Scholars differ on the historicity of the empty tomb story and the relation between the burial stories and the postmortem appearances. Scholars also differ on whether Jesus received a decent burial. Points of contention are (1) whether Jesus's body was taken off the cross before sunset or left on the cross to decay, (2) whether his body was taken off the cross and buried specifically by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a>, or by the Sanhedrin or a group of Jews in general, and (3) whether he was entombed (and if so, what kind of tomb) or buried in a common grave. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burial">Burial</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Burial">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial of Jesus</a></div> An often noted argument in favour of a decent burial before sunset is the Jewish custom, based on Deuteronomy 21:22–23,<a href="#cite_note-97">[85]</a> which says the body must not be left exposed overnight, but must be buried that day. This is also attested in the Temple Scroll of the Essenes, and in <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>' Jewish War 4.5.2§317, describing the burial of crucified Jewish insurgents before sunset.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1973147-98">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDijkhuizen2011119–120-99">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003b782-100">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005-101">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagness2005-102">[90]</a> Reference is made to the <a href="/wiki/Digest_(Roman_law)" title="Digest (Roman law)">Digesta</a>, a Roman Law Code from the 6th century AD, which contains material from the 2nd century AD, stating that "the bodies of those who have been punished are only buried when this has been requested and permission granted."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005195-103">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison2021104-104">[92]</a> Burial of people who were executed by crucifixion is also attested by archaeological finds from <a href="/wiki/Jehohanan" title="Jehohanan">Jehohanan</a>, a body of an apparently crucified man with a nail in the heel which could not be removed who was buried in a tomb.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagness2005144-105">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003b782-100">[88]</a> Contra a decent burial, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Hengel" title="Martin Hengel">Martin Hengel</a> has argued that Jesus was buried in disgrace as an executed criminal who died a shameful death,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagness2005141-106">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHengel1977-107">[95]</a> a view which is "now widely accepted and has become entrenched in scholarly literature."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagness2005141-106">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Dominic_Crossan" title="John Dominic Crossan">John Dominic Crossan</a> argued that Jesus's followers did not know what happened to the body.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison202194-108">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[note 8]</a> According to Crossan, Joseph of Arimathea is "a total Markan creation in name, in place, and in function",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison202194,_note_4-110">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[note 9]</a> arguing that Jesus's followers inferred from Deut. 21:22–23 that Jesus was buried by a group of law-abiding Jews, as described in Acts 13:29. New Testament scholar Dale Allison writes that this story was adapted by Mark, turning the group of Jews into a specific person.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison202194-95-112">[98]</a> Roman practice was often to leave the body on the stake, denying an honourable or family burial, stating that "the dogs were waiting."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison202195-113">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossan2009143-114">[100]</a> Archaeologist Byron McCane argues that it was customary to dispose of the dead immediately, yet concludes that "Jesus was buried in disgrace in a criminal's tomb".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCane200389-115">[101]</a> British New Testament scholar <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Casey" title="Maurice Casey">Maurice Casey</a> also notes that "Jewish criminals were supposed to receive a shameful and dishonourable burial",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasey2010451-116">[102]</a> and argues that Jesus was indeed buried by Joseph of Arimathea, but in a tomb for criminals owned by the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasey2010451-116">[102]</a> He therefore rejects the empty tomb narrative as legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasey2010-117">[103]</a> New Testament historian <a href="/wiki/Bart_D._Ehrman" title="Bart D. Ehrman">Bart D. Ehrman</a> writes that it cannot be known what happened to Jesus's body; he doubts that Jesus had a decent burial,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201482-88-118">[104]</a> and also thinks that it is doubtful that Jesus was buried by Joseph of Arimathea specifically.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201482-119">[105]</a> According to Ehrman, "what was originally a vague statement that the unnamed Jewish leaders buried Jesus becomes a story of one leader in particular, who is named, doing so."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201484-120">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[note 10]</a> Ehrman gives three reasons for doubting a decent burial. Referring to Hengel and Crossan, Ehrman argues that crucifixion was meant "to torture and humiliate a person as fully as possible", and the body was normally left on the stake to be eaten by animals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201485-123">[108]</a> Ehrman further argues that criminals were usually buried in common graves;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201486-124">[109]</a> and Pilate had no concern for Jewish sensitivities, which makes it unlikely that he would have allowed Jesus to be buried.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201487-125">[110]</a> A number of Christian authors have rejected the criticisms, taking the Gospel accounts to be historically reliable.<a href="#cite_note-126">[note 11]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_A.T._Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="John A.T. Robinson">John A.T. Robinson</a> states that "the burial of Jesus in the tomb is one of the earliest and best-attested facts about Jesus."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson1973131-127">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dale_Allison" title="Dale Allison">Dale Allison</a>, reviewing the arguments of Crossan and Ehrman, finds their assertions strong, but "find[s] it likely that a man named Joseph, probably a Sanhedrist, from the obscure Arimathea, sought and obtained permission from the Roman authorities to make arrangements for Jesus’s hurried burial."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison2021112-128">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(theologian)" title="James Dunn (theologian)">James Dunn</a> states that "the tradition is firm that Jesus was given a proper burial (Mark 15.42-47 pars.), and there are good reasons why its testimony should be respected."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003b781-129">[113]</a> Dunn argues that the burial tradition is "one of the oldest pieces of tradition we have", referring to 1 Cor. 15.4; burial was in line with Jewish custom as prescribed by Deut. 21:22–23 and confirmed by Josephus War; cases of burial of crucified persons are known, as attested by the Yehohanan burial; Joseph of Arimathea "is a very plausible historical character"; and "the presence of the women at the cross and their involvement in Jesus's burial can be attributed more plausibly to early oral memory than to creative story-telling."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003b781–783-130">[114]</a> <a href="/wiki/Craig_A._Evans" title="Craig A. Evans">Craig A. Evans</a> refers to Deut. 21:22-23 and Josephus to argue that the entombment of Jesus accords with Jewish sensitivities and historical reality. Evans also notes that "politically, too, it seems unlikely that, on the eve of Passover, a holiday that celebrates Israel's liberation from foreign domination, Pilate would have wanted to provoke the Jewish population" by denying Jesus a proper burial.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005188–190,_195-131">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Loke" title="Andrew Loke">Andrew Loke</a>, after replying to various objections against the historicity of the guards at the tomb, argues that "the presence of guards at the tomb would imply that Jesus was buried in a well-identified place (contrary to unburied hypothesis)."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoke2020141-132">[116]</a> According to religion professor John Granger Cook, there are historical texts that mention mass graves, but they contain no indication of those bodies being dug up by animals. There is no mention of an open pit or shallow graves in any Roman text. There are a number of historical texts outside the gospels showing the bodies of the crucified dead were buried by family or friends. Cook writes that "those texts show that the narrative of Joseph of Arimethaea's burial of Jesus would be perfectly comprehensible to a Greco-Roman reader of the gospels and historically credible."<a href="#cite_note-133">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Empty_tomb">Empty tomb</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Empty tomb">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Skepticism_about_the_empty_tomb_narrative">Skepticism about the empty tomb narrative</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Skepticism about the empty tomb narrative">edit</a>]</div> Early on, the stories about the empty tomb were met with skepticism. The Gospel of Matthew already mentions stories that the body was <a href="/wiki/Stolen_body_hypothesis" title="Stolen body hypothesis">stolen from the grave</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003b836-134">[118]</a> Other suggestions, not supported in mainstream scholarship, are that Jesus had <a href="/wiki/Swoon_hypothesis" title="Swoon hypothesis">not really died on the cross</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Lost_body_hypothesis" title="Lost body hypothesis">lost due to natural causes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201488-135">[119]</a> or was <a href="/wiki/Substitution_hypothesis" title="Substitution hypothesis">replaced by an impostor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[120]</a> The belief that Jesus did not really die on the cross but only appeared to do so is found in a wide variety of early texts, and probably has its historical roots in the earliest stages of Christianity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStroumsa2004270-137">[121]</a> According to Israeli religion scholar <a href="/wiki/Guy_Stroumsa" title="Guy Stroumsa">Gedaliahu Stroumsa</a>, this idea came first, and later, docetism broadened to include Jesus was a spirit without flesh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStroumsa2004267,_268-138">[122]</a> It is probable these were present in the first century, as it is against such doctrines that the author of 1 and 2 John seems to argue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStroumsa2004267,_268-138">[122]</a> The absence of any reference to the story of Jesus's empty tomb in the <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a> and the Easter <a href="/wiki/Kerygma" title="Kerygma">kerygma</a> (preaching or proclamation) of the earliest church has led some scholars to suggest that Mark invented it.<a href="#cite_note-140">[note 12]</a> Allison, however, finds this <a href="/wiki/Argument_from_silence" title="Argument from silence">argument from silence</a> unconvincing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison2005306-141">[124]</a> Most scholars believe that the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> contain two independent attestations of an empty tomb, which in turn suggests that both used already-existing sources<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAune2013169-142">[125]</a> and appealed to a commonly held tradition, though Mark may have added to and adapted that tradition to fit his narrative.<a href="#cite_note-143">[126]</a> Other scholars have argued that instead, Paul presupposes the empty tomb, specifically in the early creed passed down in 1 Cor. 15.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare2014498-144">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook201756–58-145">[128]</a> Christian biblical scholars have used textual critical methods to support the historicity of the tradition that "Mary of Magdala had indeed been the first to see Jesus", most notably the <a href="/wiki/Criterion_of_Embarrassment" class="mw-redirect" title="Criterion of Embarrassment">Criterion of Embarrassment</a> in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003b843-146">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[130]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Dale_Allison" title="Dale Allison">Dale Allison</a>, the inclusion of women as the first witnesses to the risen Jesus "once suspect, confirms the truth of the story."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison2005327–328-148">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Empty_tomb_and_resurrection_appearances">Empty tomb and resurrection appearances</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Empty tomb and resurrection appearances">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/N._T._Wright" title="N. T. Wright">N. T. Wright</a> emphatically and extensively argues for the reality of the empty tomb and the subsequent appearances of Jesus, reasoning that as a matter of "inference"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2003711-149">[132]</a> both a bodily resurrection and later bodily appearances of Jesus are far better explanations for the empty tomb and the 'meetings' and the rise of Christianity than are any other theories, including those of Ehrman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2003711-149">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._Brown" title="Raymond E. Brown">Raymond E. Brown</a> concurred, stating "...in my judgment, the evidence for the bodily resurrection of Jesus is strong...", and critiqued skeptical objections.<a href="#cite_note-150">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(theologian)" title="James Dunn (theologian)">James DG Dunn</a> writes that the majority of scholars of the Bible believe that the evidence shows that the Resurrection of Jesus is historical. <a href="#cite_note-151">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dale_Allison" title="Dale Allison">Dale Allison</a> argues for an empty tomb that was later followed by visions of Jesus by <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">the Apostles</a> and Mary Magdalene, while also accepting the historicity of the resurrection. While he acknowledges contradictions in the Gospels' narratives, he argues that they agree on the important themes and that the differences are inconsequential when judging the historical event as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison20213,_310–335,_337,_353-152">[135]</a> Allison has endorsed David Graieg's work on the Resurrection appearances, which also argues that early Christians remembered Jesus as having physically risen from the dead. Graieg argues that <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Paul">Paul</a> in <a href="/wiki/First_Corinthians" class="mw-redirect" title="First Corinthians">First Corinthians</a> remembered Jesus as having bodily risen from the dead and that the resurrection was of core importance to early Christians using a methodology based on memory theory. Graieg argues that Jesus physically rose from the dead and that he was remembered by Christians as having risen in a metamorphized form.<a href="#cite_note-153">[136]</a> Religion professor <a href="/wiki/Dag_%C3%98istein_Endsj%C3%B8" title="Dag Øistein Endsjø">Dag Øistein Endsjø</a> points to how the notion of an empty tomb would fit with the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">ancient Greek beliefs</a> that any case of immortalization always required absolute physical continuity. A vanished body could consequently be an indication of someone having been made immortal, as seen for instance in the case of <a href="/wiki/Aristaeus" title="Aristaeus">Aristaeus</a>, the Trojan prince <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(mythology)" title="Ganymede (mythology)">Ganymede</a>, and princess <a href="/wiki/Orithyia_of_Athens" title="Orithyia of Athens">Orithyia of Athens</a>, whose mysterious disappearances were seen as the result of their being swept away to a physically immortal existence by the gods, <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> whose lack of bodily remains after his funeral pyre was considered proof of his physical immortalization, and <a href="/wiki/Aristeas" title="Aristeas">Aristeas of Proconnesus</a> who was held to have reappeared after his body vanished from a locked room, which Endsjø interprets as something like a resurrection.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEndsjø200958–60,_63,_83,_93-154">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehtipuu201562–63-155">[138]</a> Smith argues that Mark has integrated two traditions, which were first separate, on the disappearance (from the tomb, interpreted as being taken to heaven) and appearance (post-mortem appearances), into one Easter narrative.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith20102,_179–180-156">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2007-157">[140]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_Vermes" title="Géza Vermes">Géza Vermes</a>, the story of the empty tomb developed independently from the stories of the post-resurrection appearances, as they are never directly coordinated to form a combined argument.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a142-158">[141]</a> While the coherence of the empty tomb narrative is questionable, it is "clearly an early tradition."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a142-158">[141]</a> Vermes notes that the story of the empty tomb conflicts with notions of a spiritual resurrection. According to Vermes, "[t]he strictly Jewish bond of spirit and body is better served by the idea of the empty tomb and is no doubt responsible for the introduction of the notions of palpability (Thomas in John) and eating (Luke and John)."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a148-159">[142]</a> Ehrman rejects the story of the empty tomb, and argues that "an empty tomb had nothing to do with it ... an empty tomb would not produce faith."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201498-160">[143]</a> Ehrman argues that the empty tomb was needed to underscore the physical resurrection of Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201490-161">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resurrection_of_a_transformed_body">Resurrection of a transformed body</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Resurrection of a transformed body">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_Vermes" title="Géza Vermes">Géza Vermes</a> notes that the story of the empty tomb conflicts with notions of a spiritual resurrection. According to Vermes, "[t]he strictly Jewish bond of spirit and body is better served by the idea of the empty tomb and is no doubt responsible for the introduction of the notions of palpability (Thomas in John) and eating (Luke and John)."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a148-159">[142]</a> Both Ware and Cook argue, primarily from Paul's terminology and the contemporary Jewish, pagan and cultural understanding of the nature of resurrection, that Paul held to a physically resurrected body (sōma), restored to life, but animated by spirit (<a href="/wiki/Pneuma" title="Pneuma">pneumatikos</a>) instead of soul (<a href="/wiki/Soul_in_the_Bible" title="Soul in the Bible">psuchikos</a>), just like the later Gospel accounts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare2014b-162">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hurtado.Ware"-163">[web 6]</a> The nature of this resurrected body is a matter of debate. In 1 Corinthians 15:44,<a href="#cite_note-164">[146]</a> Paul uses the phrase "spiritual body" (sōma pneumatikos),<a href="#cite_note-165">[web 7]</a> which has been explained as a "Spirit-empowered body",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare2014b-162">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hurtado.Ware"-163">[web 6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brown.body-166">[web 8]</a> but also as a "celestial body", made of a finer material than the flesh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201494-167">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brown.body-166">[web 8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Habermas-168">[note 13]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Epistle to the Philippians</a> Paul describes how the body of the resurrected Christ is utterly different from the one he wore when he had "the appearance of a man", and holds out a similar glorified state, when Christ "will transform our lowly body", as the goal of the Christian life – "flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God" (I Corinthians 15:50), and Christians entering the kingdom will be "putting off the body of the flesh" (Colossians 2:11).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehtipuu201542–43-169">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEndsjø2009141,_145-170">[149]</a> Paul opposed the notion of a purely spiritual resurrection, as propagated by some Christians in Corinth, which he addresses in 1 Corinthians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201494-167">[147]</a> The developing Gospel tradition emphasized the material aspects to counter this spiritual interpretation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201490-161">[144]</a> Paul's views of a bodily resurrection went against the thoughts of the Greek philosophers to whom a bodily resurrection meant a new imprisonment in a corporeal body, which was what they wanted to avoid – given that, for them, the corporeal and the material fettered the spirit.<a href="#cite_note-171">[150]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(theologian)" title="James Dunn (theologian)">James Dunn</a> notes that there is a great difference between Paul's resurrection appearance, and the appearances described in the Gospels. Where "Paul's seeing was visionary ... , 'from heaven'", in contrast, the Gospel accounts have a "massive realism" to them,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn1997115-172">[151]</a> as seen for example in Luke having Jesus insisting that he was of "flesh and bones",<a href="#cite_note-173">[152]</a> and John having Jesus asking Thomas to touch his wounds.<a href="#cite_note-174">[153]</a> Dunn contends that the "massive realism' ... of the [Gospel] appearances themselves can only be described as visionary with great difficulty – and Luke would certainly reject the description as inappropriate."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn1997115-172">[151]</a> According to Dunn, most scholars explain this as a "legendary materialization" of the visionary experiences, "borrowing the traits of the earthly Jesus."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn1997116-175">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[note 14]</a> Yet, according to Dunn, there was both "a tendency away from the physical ... and a reverse tendency towards the physical."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn1997116-117-180">[158]</a> The tendency towards the material is most clear, but there are also signs for the tendency away from the physical, and "there are some indications that a more physical understanding was current in the earliest Jerusalem community."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn1997117-181">[159]</a> According to Wright, there is substantial unanimity among the early Christian writers (first and second century) that Jesus had been bodily raised from the dead,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright20039–10-182">[160]</a> "with (as the early Christians in their different ways affirmed) a 'transphysical' body, both the same and yet in some mysterious way transformed."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2003711-149">[132]</a> According to Wright, Paul "believed he had seen the risen Jesus in person, and ... his understanding of who this Jesus was included the firm belief that he possessed a transformed but still physical body."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2003398-183">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance_in_Christianity">Significance in Christianity</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Significance in Christianity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation in Christianity</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wien_Deutschordenskirche_Fl%C3%BCgelaltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_R_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wien_Deutschordenskirche_Fl%C3%BCgelaltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_R_01.jpg/280px-Wien_Deutschordenskirche_Fl%C3%BCgelaltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_R_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wien_Deutschordenskirche_Fl%C3%BCgelaltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_R_01.jpg/420px-Wien_Deutschordenskirche_Fl%C3%BCgelaltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_R_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wien_Deutschordenskirche_Fl%C3%BCgelaltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_R_01.jpg/560px-Wien_Deutschordenskirche_Fl%C3%BCgelaltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_R_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="5332" /></a><figcaption>Right wing of the winged <a href="/wiki/Triptych" title="Triptych">triptych</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Teutonic_Order,_Vienna" title="Church of the Teutonic Order, Vienna">Church of the Teutonic Order, Vienna</a>, Austria. The artwork depicts Christ's crucifixion and <a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">burial</a> (left), and resurrection (right).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_of_Christian_faith">Foundation of Christian faith</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Foundation of Christian faith">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a>, the death, resurrection, and <a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">exaltation</a> of Jesus are the most important events, and the foundation of the Christian faith.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn198553-8">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2009149-184">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[note 15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a> states: "On the third day<a href="#cite_note-third_day-1">[note 1]</a> he rose again in accordance with the Scriptures".<a href="#cite_note-186">[163]</a> According to Terry Miethe, a Christian philosopher at Oxford University, the question " 'Did Jesus rise from the dead?' is the most important question regarding the claims of the Christian faith."<a href="#cite_note-187">[164]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/John_R._Rice_(pastor)" title="John R. Rice (pastor)">John R. Rice</a>, a Baptist evangelist, the resurrection of Jesus was part of the plan of <a href="/wiki/Salvation_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation (Christianity)">salvation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Redeemer_(Christianity)" title="Redeemer (Christianity)">redemption</a> by <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Atonement in Christianity">atonement for man's sin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[165]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catechism" title="Roman Catechism">Roman Catechism</a> of the Catholic Church, the resurrection of Jesus causes and is the model of the resurrection of all the dead, as well as the cause and model of <a href="/wiki/Repentance_in_Christianity" title="Repentance in Christianity">repentance</a>, which the catechism calls "spiritual resurrection."<a href="#cite_note-189">[166]</a> Summarizing its traditional analysis, the Catholic Church states in its Catechism: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Although the Resurrection was an historical event that could be verified by the sign of the empty tomb and by the reality of the apostles' encounters with the risen Christ, still it remains at the very heart of the mystery of faith as something that transcends and surpasses history.<a href="#cite_note-190">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[168]</a></blockquote> For orthodox Christians, including a number of scholars, the resurrection of Jesus is taken to have been a concrete, material resurrection of a transformed body.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2003272;_cf._321-192">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-Habermas.2005-6">[web 3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Habermas-168">[note 13]</a> Scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Craig_L._Blomberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Craig L. Blomberg">Craig L. Blomberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Licona" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Licona">Mike Licona</a> argue there are sufficient arguments for the historicity of the resurrection.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg1987253-195">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELicona2010-196">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHabermas2024-197">[173]</a> In secular and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Christian">liberal Christian</a> scholarship, the post-resurrection appearances are often interpreted as being subjective <a href="/wiki/Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">visionary experiences</a> in which Jesus's presence was felt,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoester200064–65-11">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008b141-12">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Conick20066-198">[174]</a> as articulated in the <a href="/wiki/Vision_theory_of_Jesus%27_appearances" title="Vision theory of Jesus' appearances">vision theory of Jesus's appearances</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[note 16]</a> In the twenty-first century, modern scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Gerd_L%C3%BCdemann" title="Gerd Lüdemann">Gerd Lüdemann</a> have proposed that <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> had a vision of Jesus, due to severe <a href="/wiki/Grief" title="Grief">grief</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mourning" title="Mourning">mourning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[note 17]</a> Ehrman notes that "Christian apologists sometimes claim that the most sensible historical explanation for these visions is that Jesus [physically] appeared to the disciples."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014107-202">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_ekklēsia">First ekklēsia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: First ekklēsia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Christian">Jewish Christian</a></div> The belief in the resurrection by Jesus's early followers formed the proclamation of the first ekklēsia (lit. "assembly").<a href="#cite_note-203">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagels200540-204">[178]</a> The "visions of the resurrected/exalted Christ" reinforced the impact Jesus and his ministry had on his early followers,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200553–54,_64–65,_72–73-205">[179]</a> and interpreted in a scriptural framework they gave the impetus to Christ-devotion<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200553–54,_64–65,_181,_184–185-206">[180]</a> and the belief in the exaltation of Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014109–110-16">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a138-207">[181]</a> Jesus's death was interpreted in light of the scriptures as a redemptive death, being part of God's plan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005185–188-208">[182]</a> The subsequent appearances led to the resumption of the missionary activity of Jesus's followers,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoester200064–65-11">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a151–152-18">[12]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> assuming the leadership role in the first ekklēsia (which formed the basis for the Apostolic succession).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagels200543–45-209">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996116-210">[184]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a>, a 1st-century account of Jewish history by <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, believers of the resurrection are discussed. However, this reference to the resurrection is widely believed to have been added by a <a href="/wiki/Christian_interpolation" title="Christian interpolation">Christian interpolator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[185]</a> Within the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament_Apocrypha" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament Apocrypha">non-canonical</a> literature of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Peter" title="Gospel of Peter">Gospel of Peter</a>, there is a retelling of the resurrection of Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-212">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ushering_in_the_last_days">Ushering in the last days</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ushering in the last days">edit</a>]</div> Jesus's followers expected God's Kingdom to come soon, and Jesus's resurrection was the first event of the Endtime.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorgCrossan2006185-213">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-last_days-214">[note 18]</a> As Borg and Crossan note, "For Mark the kingdom of God is already here because the Son of Man is already present".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorgCrossan2006185-213">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exaltation_and_Christology">Exaltation and Christology</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Exaltation and Christology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Christ-devotion">Christ-devotion</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Christ-devotion">edit</a>]</div> The New Testament writings contend that the resurrection was "the beginning of His exalted life"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovakovic2014135-215">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[note 19]</a> as Christ and Lord.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005508,_591-218">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-Holcomb-4">[web 2]</a> Jesus is the "<a href="/wiki/Firstborn_(Judaism)" title="Firstborn (Judaism)">firstborn</a> of the dead", prōtotokos, the first to be raised from the dead, thereby acquiring the "special status of the firstborn as the preeminent son and heir".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovakovic2014152-5">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Holcomb-4">[web 2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Beale" title="Gregory Beale">Gregory Beale</a> writes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"Firstborn" refers to the high, privileged position that Christ has as a result of the resurrection from the dead ... Christ has gained such a sovereign position over the cosmos, not in the sense that he is recognized as the first-created being of all creation or as the origin of creation, but in the sense that he is the inaugurator of the new creation by means of his resurrection.<a href="#cite_note-Holcomb-4">[web 2]</a></blockquote> Hurtado notes that soon after his death, Jesus was called Lord (<a href="/wiki/Kyrios" title="Kyrios">Kyrios</a>), which "associates him in astonishing ways with God".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005179-219">[191]</a> The term Lord reflected the belief that God had exalted Jesus to a divine status "at God's 'right hand'".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005181-220">[192]</a> The worship of God as expressed in the phrase "call upon the name of the Lord [Yahweh]" was also applied to Jesus, invocating his name "in corporate worship and in the wider devotional pattern of Christian believers (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_Christianity" title="Exorcism in Christianity">exorcism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">healing</a>)".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005181–182-221">[193]</a> According to Hurtado, powerful <a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">religious experiences</a> were an indispensable factor in the emergence of Christ-devotion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200564–65,_181,_184–185-222">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[note 20]</a> Those experiences "seem to have included <a href="/wiki/Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">visions</a> of (and/or ascents to) God's heaven, in which the glorified Christ was seen in an exalted position."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200572–73-10">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hurtado_visions-14">[note 3]</a> Those experiences were interpreted in the framework of God's redemptive purposes, as reflected in the scriptures, in a "dynamic interaction between devout, prayerful searching for, and pondering over, scriptural texts and continuing powerful religious experiences."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005184-226">[197]</a> This initiated a "new devotional pattern unprecedented in Jewish monotheism", that is, the worship of Jesus next to God,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200553-227">[198]</a> giving Jesus a central place because his ministry, and its consequences, had a strong impact on his early followers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200553–54-228">[199]</a> Revelations, including those visions, but also inspired and spontaneous utterances, and "charismatic exegesis" of the Jewish scriptures, convinced them that this devotion was commanded by God.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200572–73,_185-229">[200]</a> Ehrman notes that both Jesus and his early followers were <a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">apocalyptic Jews</a>, who believed in the bodily resurrection, which would start when the coming of God's Kingdom was near.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201499-230">[201]</a> According to Ehrman, "the disciples' belief in the resurrection was based on <a href="/wiki/Vision_theory_of_Jesus%27_appearances" title="Vision theory of Jesus' appearances">visionary experiences</a>",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201498,_101-13">[8]</a> arguing that visions usually have a strong persuasive power, but also noting that the Gospel-accounts record a tradition of doubt about the appearances of Jesus. Ehrman's "tentative suggestion" is that only a few followers had visions, including Peter, Paul and Mary. They told others about those visions, convincing most of their close associates that Jesus was raised from the dead, but not all of them.<a href="#cite_note-Sanders.first"-231">[note 21]</a> Eventually, these stories were retold and embellished, leading to the story that all disciples had seen the risen Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014101–102-232">[202]</a> The belief in Jesus's resurrection radically changed their perceptions, concluding from his absence that he must have been exalted to heaven, by God himself, exalting him to an unprecedented status and authority.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014109–110-16">[10]</a> While the vision theory has gained support among critical scholars since the last quarter of the 20th century,<a href="#cite_note-Habermas_2011_Trinity-233">[203]</a> conservative Christian scholars who believe in a bodily resurrection reject the visionary theories in favor of a literal interpretation of the textual accounts of a physical resurrection.<a href="#cite_note-234">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHabermas2005135–153-237">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2003690–691-239">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison2005324–325-240">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Low_and_High_Christology">Low and High Christology</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Low and High Christology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Early_High_Christology" class="mw-redirect" title="Early High Christology">Early High Christology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Preexistence_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Preexistence of Christ">Preexistence of Christ</a></div> It has long been argued that the New Testament writings contain two different Christologies, namely a "low" or <a href="/wiki/Adoptionism" title="Adoptionism">adoptionist</a> Christology, and a "high" or "incarnation Christology".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014125-241">[211]</a> The "low Christology" or "<a href="/wiki/Adoptionism" title="Adoptionism">adoptionist</a> Christology" is the belief "that God exalted Jesus to be his Son by raising him from the dead",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014120,_122-242">[212]</a> thereby raising him to "divine status",<a href="#cite_note-BE_2013.02.14-243">[web 10]</a> as in Romans 1:4.<a href="#cite_note-244">[213]</a> The other early Christology is "high Christology", which is "the view that Jesus was a pre-existent divine being who became a human, did the Father’s will on earth, and then was taken back up into heaven whence he had originally come",<a href="#cite_note-BE_2013.02.14-243">[web 10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014122-245">[214]</a> and from where he <a href="/wiki/Christophany" title="Christophany">appeared on earth</a>. The chronology of the development of these early Christologies is a matter of debate within contemporary scholarship.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoke2017-246">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014-247">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbert20113–6-248">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hurtado.2017-249">[web 11]</a> According to the "evolutionary model"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENetland2001175-250">[218]</a> c.q. "evolutionary theories",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoke20173-251">[219]</a> as proposed by Bousset, followed by Brown, the Christological understanding of Christ developed over time, from a low Christology to a high Christology,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMack1995-252">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2003-253">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ehrman_HJBG_CG-254">[222]</a> as witnessed in the Gospels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014-247">[216]</a> According to the evolutionary model, the earliest Christians believed that Jesus was a human who was exalted, c.q. <a href="/wiki/Adoptionism" title="Adoptionism">adopted</a> as God's Son,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoke20173–4-255">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbert20113-256">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2008unpaginated-257">[225]</a> when he was resurrected,<a href="#cite_note-Ehrman_HJBG_CG-254">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[226]</a> signalling the nearness of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God">Kingdom of God</a>, when all dead would be resurrected and the righteous exalted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen2008unpaginated-259">[227]</a> Later beliefs shifted the exaltation to his baptism, birth, and subsequently to the idea of his eternal existence, as witnessed in the Gospel of John.<a href="#cite_note-Ehrman_HJBG_CG-254">[222]</a> Mark shifted the moment of when Jesus became the son to the <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">baptism of Jesus</a>, and later still Matthew and Luke shifted it to the moment of the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">divine conception</a>, and finally John declared that Jesus had been with God from the beginning: "In the beginning was the Word".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2008unpaginated-257">[225]</a> Since the 1970s, the late datings for the development of a "high Christology" have been contested,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoke20175-260">[228]</a> and a majority of scholars argue that this "High Christology" existed already before the writings of Paul.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014125-241">[211]</a> This "incarnation Christology" or "high Christology" did not evolve over a longer time, but was a "big bang" of ideas which were already present at the start of Christianity, and took further shape in the first few decades of the church, as witnessed in the writings of Paul.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoke20175-260">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bouma.2014-261">[web 12]</a><a href="#cite_note-BE_2013.02.14-243">[web 10]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[web 13]</a> According to Ehrman, these two Christologies existed alongside each other, calling the "low Christology" an "<a href="/wiki/Adoptionism" title="Adoptionism">adoptionist</a> Christology, and "the "high Christology" an "incarnation Christology."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014125-241">[211]</a> While adoptionism was declared <a href="/wiki/Heresy_in_Christianity" title="Heresy in Christianity">heresy</a> at the end of the 2nd century,<a href="#cite_note-263">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[230]</a> it was adhered to by the <a href="/wiki/Ebionites" title="Ebionites">Ebionites</a>,<a href="#cite_note-265">[231]</a> who regarded Jesus as the Messiah while rejecting his <a href="/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">divinity</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">virgin birth</a>,<a href="#cite_note-266">[232]</a> and insisted on the necessity of following <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Jewish law and rites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-267">[233]</a> They revered <a href="/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesus" title="James, brother of Jesus">James the brother of Jesus</a> (James the Just); and rejected <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Antinomianism#Supporting_Pauline_passages" title="Antinomianism">apostate from the Law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Maccoby_1987-268">[234]</a> They show strong similarities with the earliest form of Jewish Christianity, and their specific theology may have been a "reaction to the <a href="/wiki/Paul_and_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul and Judaism">law-free Gentile mission</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2006282-269">[235]</a> In the "pre-existence" Christology, Christ's resurrection and exaltation was a restoration of the exalted status he already had, but had not grasped at, as described in Philippians|2:6-11.<a href="#cite_note-270">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-EB_ih-2">[web 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-EB_restoration-3">[note 2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Redemptive_death">Redemptive death</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Redemptive death">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity#Atonement" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation in Christianity § Atonement</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Redeemer_(Christianity)" title="Redeemer (Christianity)">Redeemer</a></div> Jesus's death was interpreted as a redemptive death "for our sins", in accordance with God's plan as contained in the Jewish scriptures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005185-272">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-died_for-43">[note 7]</a> The significance lay in "the theme of divine necessity and fulfilment of the scriptures", not in the later Pauline emphasis on "Jesus's death as a sacrifice or an expiation for our sins."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005186-17">[11]</a> For the early Jewish Christians, "the idea that Messiah's death was a necessary redemptive event functioned more as an apologetic explanation for Jesus's crucifixion"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005186-17">[11]</a> "proving that Jesus's death was no surprise to God."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005187-273">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[note 22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Call_to_missionary_activity">Call to missionary activity</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Call to missionary activity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostles">Apostles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Christian mission</a></div> The New Testament accounts describe the resurrected Jesus calling his followers to missionary activity in what has been traditionally labelled as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a>, where he instructs them to "make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and the Holy Spirit."<a href="#cite_note-276">[241]</a> According to Dunn, the appearances to the disciples have "a sense of obligation to make the vision known."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn1997131-277">[242]</a> <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Koester" title="Helmut Koester">Helmut Koester</a> states that the stories of the resurrection were originally <a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(feeling)" title="Epiphany (feeling)">epiphanies</a> in which the disciples were <a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">called to a ministry</a> by the risen Jesus, and were later used as evidence of the event.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoester200064–65-11">[6]</a> Biblical scholar <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_Vermes" title="Géza Vermes">Géza Vermes</a> argues that the resurrection is to be understood as a reviving of the self-confidence of the followers of Jesus, under the influence of the Spirit, "prompting them to resume their apostolic mission."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a151–152-18">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[note 23]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Gerd_L%C3%BCdemann" title="Gerd Lüdemann">Gerd Lüdemann</a>, Peter convinced the other disciples that the resurrection of Jesus signalled that the end-times were near and God's Kingdom was coming, when the dead would rise again, as evidenced by Jesus. This revitalized the disciples, starting off their new mission.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996180–181-281">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014100-282">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ehrman.Lüdemann-283">[web 14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Leadership_of_Peter">Leadership of Peter</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Leadership of Peter">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> claimed forcefully that Jesus appeared to him,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagels200545-284">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014101–102-232">[202]</a> and legitimised by Jesus's appearance he assumed leadership of the group of early followers, forming the Jerusalem ekklēsia mentioned by Paul.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagels200545-284">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996116-210">[184]</a> He was soon eclipsed in this leadership by James the Just, "the Brother of the Lord",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagels200545–46-285">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996116–117-286">[249]</a> which may explain why the early texts contain scarce information about Peter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996116–117-286">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[note 24]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Gerd_L%C3%BCdemann" title="Gerd Lüdemann">Gerd Lüdemann</a>, Peter was the first who saw Jesus,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996180–181-281">[245]</a> noting that Peter and Mary both had appearance-experiences, but arguing that the tradition of Mary's appearance is a later development, and her appearance probably was not the first.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996112–113-289">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sanders.first"-231">[note 21]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Christian_proto-orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian proto-orthodoxy">Christian proto-orthodoxy</a>, Peter was the first to who Jesus appeared, and therefore the rightful leader of the Church.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagels200545-284">[247]</a> The resurrection forms the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a> and the institutional power of orthodoxy, as the heirs of Peter,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagels200543-291">[253]</a> to whom Jesus appeared, and is described as "the rock" on which the church will be built.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagels200545-284">[247]</a> Though the Gospels, and Paul's letters, describe appearances to a greater number of people, only the appearances to the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Apostles">Twelve Apostles</a> count as lending authority and Apostolic succession.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagels200547–48-292">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paul_–_participation_in_Christ">Paul – participation in Christ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Paul – participation in Christ">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Participation_in_Christ" title="Participation in Christ">Participation in Christ</a></div> The appearance of Jesus to Paul convinced him that Jesus was the risen Lord and Christ, who commissioned him to be an apostle to the Gentiles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson1997259-293">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2009352-294">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHultgren2011118-295">[257]</a> According to Newbigin, "Paul presents himself not as the teacher of a new theology but as the messenger commissioned by the authority of the Lord himself to announce a new fact – namely that in the ministry, death and resurrection of Jesus God has acted decisively to reveal and effect his purpose of redemption for the whole world."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewbigin19895-296">[258]</a> The teachings of the apostle Paul form a key element of the Christian tradition and theology. Fundamental to Pauline theology is the connection between Christ's resurrection, and <a href="/wiki/Redemption_(theology)" title="Redemption (theology)">redemption</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[259]</a> In 1 Corinthians 15:13–14, 15:17, and 15:20–22, Paul writes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">If there is no resurrection of the dead, then Christ has not been raised; if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain ... If Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile ... But Christ really has been raised from the dead. He is the first of all those who will rise. Death came because of what a man did. Rising from the dead also comes because of what a man did. Because of Adam, all people die. So because of Christ, all will be made alive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008bxv-298">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[261]</a></blockquote> The <a href="/wiki/Kerygma" title="Kerygma">kerygma</a> of 1 Corinthians 15:3 states that "Christ died for our sins."<a href="#cite_note-died_for-43">[note 7]</a> The meaning of that kerygma is a matter of debate, and open to multiple interpretations. Traditionally, this kerygma is interpreted as meaning that Jesus's death was an atonement or ransom for, or propitiation or expiation of, God's wrath against humanity because of their sins. With Jesus's death, humanity was freed from this wrath.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBriscoeOgilvie2003-300">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-Peterson-301">[web 15]</a><a href="#cite_note-atonement.Paul-303">[note 25]</a> In the classical Protestant understanding, which has dominated the understanding of Paul's writings, humans partake in this salvation by faith in Jesus Christ; this faith is a grace given by God, and people are justified by God through Jesus Christ and faith in Him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStubs2008142–143-304">[263]</a> More recent scholarship has raised several concerns regarding these interpretations. According to <a href="/wiki/E._P._Sanders" title="E. P. Sanders">E. P. Sanders</a>, who initiated the so-called "<a href="/wiki/New_Perspective_on_Paul" title="New Perspective on Paul">New Perspective on Paul</a>", Paul saw the faithful redeemed by participation in Jesus's death and rising. Though "Jesus's death substituted for that of others and thereby freed believers from sin and guilt", a metaphor derived from "ancient <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">sacrificial</a> theology",<a href="#cite_note-EB.Paul-305">[web 17]</a><a href="#cite_note-sacrifice-309">[note 26]</a> the essence of Paul's writing is not in the "legal terms" regarding the expiation of sin, but the act of "participation in Christ through <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">dying and rising with him</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECharry199935-310">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[note 27]</a> According to Sanders, "those who are baptized into Christ are baptized into his death, and thus they escape the power of sin ... he died so that the believers may die with him and consequently live with him."<a href="#cite_note-EB.Paul-305">[web 17]</a> Just as Christians share in Jesus's death in baptism, so they will share in his resurrection.<a href="#cite_note-Ehrman_2006-313">[265]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_F._McGrath" title="James F. McGrath">James F. McGrath</a> notes that Paul "prefers to use the language of participation. One died for all, so that all died.<a href="#cite_note-314">[266]</a> This is not only different from <a href="/wiki/Penal_substitution" title="Penal substitution">substitution</a>, it is the opposite of it."<a href="#cite_note-McGrath.2007-41">[web 4]</a> Paul insists that salvation is received by the grace of God; according to Sanders, this insistence is in line with Judaism of c. 200 BC – c. AD 200, which saw God's covenant with Israel as an act of grace of God. Observance of the Law is needed to maintain the covenant, but the covenant is not earned by observing the Law, but by the grace of God.<a href="#cite_note-Cooper.2014-311">[web 21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Church_Fathers_–_atonement">Church Fathers – atonement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Church Fathers – atonement">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ransom_theory_of_atonement" title="Ransom theory of atonement">Ransom theory of atonement</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic Fathers</a>, discussed the death and resurrection of Jesus, including <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a> (50–115),<a href="#cite_note-315">[267]</a> <a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a> (69–155), and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a> (100–165). The understanding of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Fathers">Greek Fathers</a> of the death and resurrection of Jesus as an atonement is the "classic paradigm" of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver20012-316">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeilbyEddy200911–20-317">[269]</a> who developed the themes found in the New Testament.<a href="#cite_note-ODCC.Atonement-318">[270]</a> During the first millennium AD, the ransom theory of atonement was the dominant metaphor, both in eastern and western Christianity, until it was replaced in the west by Anselmus's satisfaction theory of atonement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxenham1865114-319">[271]</a> The ransom theory of atonement says that Christ liberated humanity from slavery to sin and <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>, and thus death, by giving his own life as a <a href="/wiki/Ransom" title="Ransom">ransom</a> <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice#Christianity" title="Sacrifice">sacrifice</a> to Satan, swapping the life of the perfect (Jesus), for the lives of the imperfect (humans). It entails the idea that God deceived the devil,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh20155-320">[272]</a> and that Satan, or death, had "legitimate rights"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh20155-320">[272]</a> over sinful <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">souls</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">afterlife</a>, due to the fall of man and <a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">inherited sin</a>. The ransom theory was first clearly enunciated by <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a> (c. 130–c. 202),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxenham1865xliv,_114-321">[273]</a> who was an outspoken critic of <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a>, but borrowed ideas from their dualistic worldview.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh20154-322">[274]</a> In this worldview, humankind is under the power of the <a href="/wiki/Demiurge" title="Demiurge">Demiurge</a>, a lesser God who has created the world. Yet, humans have a spark of the true divine nature within them, which can be liberated by <a href="/wiki/Gnosis" title="Gnosis">gnosis</a> (knowledge) of this divine spark. This knowledge is revealed by the <a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Logos</a>, "the very mind of the supreme God", who entered the world in the person of Jesus. Nevertheless, the Logos could not simply undo the power of the Demiurge, and had to hide his real identity, appearing as a physical form, thereby misleading the Demiurge, and liberating humankind.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh20154-322">[274]</a> In Irenaeus' writings, the Demiurge is replaced by the devil, while <a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a> had already equated Jesus and the Logos.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh20154-322">[274]</a> <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> (184–253) introduced the idea that the devil held legitimate rights over humans, who were bought free by the blood of Christ.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh20155–6-323">[275]</a> He also introduced the notion that the devil was deceived in thinking that he could master the human soul.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh20156-324">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Antiquity_and_early_Middle_Ages">Late Antiquity and early Middle Ages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Late Antiquity and early Middle Ages">edit</a>]</div> Following the <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_and_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I and Christianity">conversion of Constantine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Milan" title="Edict of Milan">Edict of Milan</a> in 313, the <a href="/wiki/First_seven_Ecumenical_Councils" class="mw-redirect" title="First seven Ecumenical Councils">ecumenical councils</a> of the 4th, 5th and 6th centuries, that focused on <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a>, helped shape the Christian understanding of the redemptive nature of the resurrection, and influenced both the development of its iconography and its use within Liturgy.<a href="#cite_note-325">[277]</a> Belief in bodily resurrection was a constant note of the Christian church in antiquity. <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a> accepted it at the time of his conversion in 386.<a href="#cite_note-326">[278]</a> Augustine defended resurrection, and argued that given that Christ has risen, there is resurrection of the dead.<a href="#cite_note-327">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[280]</a> Moreover, he argued that the death and resurrection of Jesus was for the salvation of man, stating: "to achieve each resurrection of ours, the savior paid with his single life, and he pre-enacted and presented his one and only one by way of sacrament and by way of model."<a href="#cite_note-329">[281]</a> The 5th-century theology of <a href="/wiki/Theodore_of_Mopsuestia" title="Theodore of Mopsuestia">Theodore of Mopsuestia</a> provides an insight into the development of the Christian understanding of the redemptive nature of resurrection. The crucial role of the sacraments in the mediation of salvation was well accepted at the time. In Theodore's representation of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>, the sacrificial and salvific elements are combined in the "One who saved us and delivered us by the sacrifice of Himself". Theodore's interpretation of the Eucharistic rite is directed towards the triumph over the power of death brought about by the resurrection.<a href="#cite_note-330">[282]</a> The emphasis on the salvific nature of the resurrection continued in Christian theology in the next centuries, e.g., in the 8th century Saint <a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a> wrote that: "... When he had freed those who were bound from the beginning of time, Christ returned again from among the dead, having opened for us the way to resurrection" and Christian iconography of the ensuing years represented that concept.<a href="#cite_note-331">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Present-day">Present-day</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Present-day">edit</a>]</div> Thorwald Lorenzen finds "a strange silence about the resurrection in many <a href="/wiki/Pulpit" title="Pulpit">pulpits</a>". He writes that among some Christians, ministers and professors, it seems to have become "a cause for embarrassment or the topic of apologetics".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELorenzen20033–4-332">[284]</a> The idea of a bodily resurrection remains controversial.<a href="#cite_note-333">[285]</a> According to psychiatrist and author Adrian Warnock, many Christians neglect the resurrection because of their understandable preoccupation with the Cross.<a href="#cite_note-Warnock-334">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denominations">Denominations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Denominations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roman_Catholic_Church">Roman Catholic Church</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Roman Catholic Church">edit</a>]</div> The resurrection of Jesus is the good news that the Roman Catholic Church proclaims:<a href="#cite_note-335">[287]</a> "the revelation in Jesus Christ of God's mercy to sinners."<a href="#cite_note-336">[288]</a> The importance of the resurrection is connected to the incarnation of Jesus: by becoming incarnate God has assumed every human unto himself, for his humanity is made of every human (just as a temple is made of stones), and by resurrecting himself God has also resurrected every human.<a href="#cite_note-337">[289]</a> By rising from the dead, Jesus is the beginning of the resurrection of the dead on Judgment Day and the beginning of the spiritual resurrection (justification or "new life") of sinners,<a href="#cite_note-338">[290]</a> since Jesus is the first human resurrected by God, as the head of the human race as God incarnate, whereby in him all people have already been resurrected and justified, since his resurrection is the principle of the resurrection of the dead and justification of sinners.<a href="#cite_note-339">[291]</a> The resurrection is a historical yet transcendent event. The historical resurrection transcends spacetime by affecting every human, from Adam and Eve's repentance after the fall to the resurrection of Lazarus (who returned to an earthly life) to the conversion of Saint Paul to the resurrection of the dead on Judgment Day.<a href="#cite_note-340">[292]</a> By rising from the dead, Jesus shows what the risen bodies of the saints (i.e., justified sinners) will be like. From the moment of his incarnation, Jesus' soul experienced the <a href="/wiki/Beatific_vision" title="Beatific vision">beatific vision</a>, because he is true God and true man,<a href="#cite_note-341">[293]</a> and from the moment of his resurrection Jesus' body shared in his soul's experience of the beatific vision. At the resurrection, Jesus' whole humanity was deified, and so, shares in the personal mode of existence of the Second Person of the Trinity.<a href="#cite_note-342">[294]</a> <a href="/wiki/Deification" class="mw-redirect" title="Deification">Deification</a> includes four properties: impassibility (freedom from evil, i.e., temptation, sin, suffering, error, inconvenience, boredom, Satan, and death), subtility (freedom from restraint by the laws of science, which includes <a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">shapeshifting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teleportation" title="Teleportation">teleportation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_travel" title="Time travel">time travel</a>, control over nature, and superhuman senses and prowess), agility (one's body will not act faster than one's mind or give in to emotion and impulse, for the body will be as obedient to the soul as the soul is to God), and clarity (resplendent beauty and the <a href="/wiki/Five_crowns" title="Five crowns">five crowns</a>).<a href="#cite_note-343">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Easter">Easter</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Easter">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></div> Easter is the preeminent Christian <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast</a> that celebrates the resurrection of Jesus, and according to Susan J. White is "clearly the earliest Christian festival".<a href="#cite_note-344">[296]</a> According to James Dunn, "In Easter we celebrate man become God ... that in the death and resurrection of Christ God has broken the stranglehold of human selfishness, has proved the enduring and conquering strength of divine love."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003268-345">[297]</a> According to Thorwald Lorenzen, the first Easter led to a shift in emphasis from faith "in God" to faith "in Christ".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELorenzen20033–4-332">[284]</a> According to Raymond Harfgus Taylor, Easter "focuses upon the consummation of the <a href="/wiki/Redemption_(theology)" title="Redemption (theology)">redemptive act</a> of God in the death/resurrection of Jesus Christ."<a href="#cite_note-346">[298]</a> Easter is linked to the <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exodus_from_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Exodus from Egypt">Exodus from Egypt</a> recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> and crucifixion that preceded the resurrection. According to the New Testament, Jesus gave the <a href="/wiki/Passover_sacrifice" title="Passover sacrifice">Passover meal</a> a new meaning, as he <a href="/wiki/Jesus_predicts_his_death" title="Jesus predicts his death">prepared himself and his disciples</a> for his death in the <a href="/wiki/Cenacle" title="Cenacle">upper room</a> during the Last Supper. He identified the loaf of bread and cup of wine as <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">his body</a> soon to be sacrificed and <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">his blood</a> soon to be shed. 1 Corinthians 5:7 states, "Get rid of the old yeast that you may be a new batch without yeast – as you really are. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed";<a href="#cite_note-347">[299]</a> this refers to the Passover requirement to have no yeast in the house and to the allegory of Jesus as the <a href="/wiki/Lamb_of_God" title="Lamb of God">Paschal lamb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-348">[300]</a> The Jewish feast of <a href="/wiki/Bikkurim_(First-fruits)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikkurim (First-fruits)">First-fruits</a> is regarded by <a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">dispensationalists</a> as foreshadowing its fulfilment in the resurrection of Jesus based on 1 Corinthians 15:20 "But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep."<a href="#cite_note-349">[301]</a> Whilst the fact that the crucifixion is remembered on <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> and Easter celebrated two days later may appear to contradict biblical accounts that Jesus rose on the third day, in Semitic tradition any part of a 24-hour period could be called "a day and a night".<a href="#cite_note-350">[302]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Christian_art">In Christian art</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: In Christian art">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art">Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anastasis_Pio_Christiano_Inv31525.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Anastasis_Pio_Christiano_Inv31525.jpg/220px-Anastasis_Pio_Christiano_Inv31525.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Anastasis_Pio_Christiano_Inv31525.jpg/330px-Anastasis_Pio_Christiano_Inv31525.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Anastasis_Pio_Christiano_Inv31525.jpg/440px-Anastasis_Pio_Christiano_Inv31525.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1740" data-file-height="2320" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Chi_Rho" title="Chi Rho">Chi Rho</a> with a wreath symbolizing the victory of the Resurrection, above Roman soldiers, c. 350 AD</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Rome" title="Catacombs of Rome">Catacombs of Rome</a>, artists indirectly hinted at the resurrection by using images from the Old Testament such as the <a href="/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego" title="Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego">fiery furnace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_the_lions%27_den" title="Daniel in the lions' den">Daniel in the lions' den</a>. Depictions prior to the 7th century generally showed secondary events such as the <a href="/wiki/Myrrhbearers" title="Myrrhbearers">Myrrhbearers</a> at the tomb of Jesus to convey the concept of the resurrection. An early symbol of the resurrection was the wreathed <a href="/wiki/Chi_Rho" title="Chi Rho">Chi Rho</a> (Greek letters representing the word "Khristos" or "Christ"), whose origin traces to the victory of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Constantine I">emperor Constantine I</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Milvian_Bridge" title="Battle of the Milvian Bridge">Battle of the Milvian Bridge</a> in 312, which he attributed to the use of a cross on the shields of his soldiers. Constantine used the Chi Rho on his standard and his coins showed a <a href="/wiki/Labarum" title="Labarum">labarum</a> with the Chi Rho killing a serpent.<a href="#cite_note-351">[303]</a> The use of a wreath around the Chi Rho symbolizes the victory of the resurrection over death, and is an early visual representation of the connection between the crucifixion of Jesus and his triumphal resurrection, as seen in the 4th-century sarcophagus of Domitilla<a href="#cite_note-352">[304]</a> in Rome. Here, in the wreathed Chi Rho the death and Resurrection of Christ are shown as inseparable, and the Resurrection is not merely a happy ending tucked at the end of the life of Christ on earth. Given the use of similar symbols on the <a href="/wiki/Aquila_(Roman)" title="Aquila (Roman)">Roman military banner</a>, this depiction also conveyed another victory, namely that of the Christian faith: the Roman soldiers who had once arrested Jesus and marched him to <a href="/wiki/Calvary" title="Calvary">Calvary</a> now walked under the banner of a resurrected Christ.<a href="#cite_note-353">[305]</a> The cosmic significance of the resurrection in Western theology goes back to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Ambrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Ambrose">Saint Ambrose</a>, who in the 4th century said that "The universe rose again in Him, the heaven rose again in Him, the earth rose again in Him, for there shall be a new heaven and a new earth".<a href="#cite_note-354">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sherry2005-355">[307]</a> This theme developed gradually in the West, later than in the East where the resurrection had been linked from an earlier date to redemption and the renewal and rebirth of the whole world. In art, this was symbolized by combining the depictions of the resurrection with the <a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell" title="Harrowing of Hell">Harrowing of Hell</a> in icons and paintings. A good example is from the <a href="/wiki/Chora_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Chora Church">Chora Church</a> in Istanbul, where <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> and other figures are also present, depicting that Christ was not alone in the resurrection.<a href="#cite_note-Sherry2005-355">[307]</a> The depiction sequence at the 10th-century <a href="/wiki/Hosios_Loukas" title="Hosios Loukas">Hosios Loukas</a> shows Christ as he pulls Adam from his tomb, followed by Eve, signifying the salvation of humanity after the resurrection.<a href="#cite_note-356">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery_of_art">Gallery of art</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Gallery of art">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dd>For a Commons gallery see: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Structured_gallery_of_Resurrection_of_Christ" class="extiw" title="commons:Structured gallery of Resurrection of Christ">Resurrection gallery</a></dd></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94.666666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_Memling_-_Resurrection_-_WGA15008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Resurrection of Christ, by Hans Memling, 15th century"><img alt="Resurrection of Christ, by Hans Memling, 15th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hans_Memling_-_Resurrection_-_WGA15008.jpg/142px-Hans_Memling_-_Resurrection_-_WGA15008.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hans_Memling_-_Resurrection_-_WGA15008.jpg/214px-Hans_Memling_-_Resurrection_-_WGA15008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hans_Memling_-_Resurrection_-_WGA15008.jpg/285px-Hans_Memling_-_Resurrection_-_WGA15008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="1098" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Resurrection of Christ, by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Memling" title="Hans Memling">Hans Memling</a>, 15th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Luca_Giordano_-_Resurrection_-_WGA09020.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Resurrection, by Luca Giordano, after 1665"><img alt="Resurrection, by Luca Giordano, after 1665" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Luca_Giordano_-_Resurrection_-_WGA09020.jpg/309px-Luca_Giordano_-_Resurrection_-_WGA09020.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Luca_Giordano_-_Resurrection_-_WGA09020.jpg/463px-Luca_Giordano_-_Resurrection_-_WGA09020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Luca_Giordano_-_Resurrection_-_WGA09020.jpg/617px-Luca_Giordano_-_Resurrection_-_WGA09020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1029" data-file-height="1000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Resurrection, by <a href="/wiki/Luca_Giordano" title="Luca Giordano">Luca Giordano</a>, after 1665</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_Multscher_-_Fl%C3%BCgel-Innenseite_des_Wurzacher_Altars_(rechts_unten)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Resurrection, by Hans Multscher, 1437"><img alt="Resurrection, by Hans Multscher, 1437" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Hans_Multscher_-_Fl%C3%BCgel-Innenseite_des_Wurzacher_Altars_%28rechts_unten%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/279px-Hans_Multscher_-_Fl%C3%BCgel-Innenseite_des_Wurzacher_Altars_%28rechts_unten%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Hans_Multscher_-_Fl%C3%BCgel-Innenseite_des_Wurzacher_Altars_%28rechts_unten%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/418px-Hans_Multscher_-_Fl%C3%BCgel-Innenseite_des_Wurzacher_Altars_%28rechts_unten%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Hans_Multscher_-_Fl%C3%BCgel-Innenseite_des_Wurzacher_Altars_%28rechts_unten%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/557px-Hans_Multscher_-_Fl%C3%BCgel-Innenseite_des_Wurzacher_Altars_%28rechts_unten%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4308" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Resurrection, by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Multscher" title="Hans Multscher">Hans Multscher</a>, 1437</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dieric_Bouts_-_Resurrection_-_WGA02963.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Resurrection, by Dieric Bouts, c. 1450–1460"><img alt="Resurrection, by Dieric Bouts, c. 1450–1460" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dieric_Bouts_-_Resurrection_-_WGA02963.jpg/247px-Dieric_Bouts_-_Resurrection_-_WGA02963.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dieric_Bouts_-_Resurrection_-_WGA02963.jpg/371px-Dieric_Bouts_-_Resurrection_-_WGA02963.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dieric_Bouts_-_Resurrection_-_WGA02963.jpg/495px-Dieric_Bouts_-_Resurrection_-_WGA02963.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2026" data-file-height="2455" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Resurrection, by <a href="/wiki/Dieric_Bouts" title="Dieric Bouts">Dieric Bouts</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1450–1460</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 129.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Der Auferstanden, by Lucas Cranach, 1558"><img alt="Der Auferstanden, by Lucas Cranach, 1558" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg/194px-Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg/290px-Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg/387px-Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="999" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Der Auferstanden, by <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Cranach_the_Younger" title="Lucas Cranach the Younger">Lucas Cranach</a>, 1558</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Resurrection.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Piero della Francesca, 15th century"><img alt="Piero della Francesca, 15th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Resurrection.JPG/265px-Resurrection.JPG" decoding="async" width="177" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Resurrection.JPG/398px-Resurrection.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Resurrection.JPG/530px-Resurrection.JPG 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="826" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca">Piero della Francesca</a>, 15th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Alonso_L%C3%B3pez_de_Herrera_-_The_Resurrection_of_Christ_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Resurrection of Christ, Alonso López de Herrera [es], c. 1625"><img alt="The Resurrection of Christ, Alonso López de Herrera [es], c. 1625" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Alonso_L%C3%B3pez_de_Herrera_-_The_Resurrection_of_Christ_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/201px-Alonso_L%C3%B3pez_de_Herrera_-_The_Resurrection_of_Christ_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Alonso_L%C3%B3pez_de_Herrera_-_The_Resurrection_of_Christ_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/301px-Alonso_L%C3%B3pez_de_Herrera_-_The_Resurrection_of_Christ_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Alonso_L%C3%B3pez_de_Herrera_-_The_Resurrection_of_Christ_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/402px-Alonso_L%C3%B3pez_de_Herrera_-_The_Resurrection_of_Christ_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1597" data-file-height="2385" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Resurrection of Christ, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonso_L%C3%B3pez_de_Herrera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alonso López de Herrera (page does not exist)">Alonso López de Herrera</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alonso_L%C3%B3pez_de_Herrera" class="extiw" title="es:Alonso López de Herrera">es</a>], <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1625</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Resurrection_(La_R%C3%A9surrection)_-_James_Tissot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Resurrection (La Résurrection), by James Tissot, c. 1890, Brooklyn Museum"><img alt="The Resurrection (La Résurrection), by James Tissot, c. 1890, Brooklyn Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Resurrection_%28La_R%C3%A9surrection%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/202px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Resurrection_%28La_R%C3%A9surrection%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Resurrection_%28La_R%C3%A9surrection%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/303px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Resurrection_%28La_R%C3%A9surrection%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Resurrection_%28La_R%C3%A9surrection%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/404px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Resurrection_%28La_R%C3%A9surrection%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="768" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Resurrection (La Résurrection), by <a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a>, c. 1890, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 123.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Berliner_Dom_-_Altarraum_4_Fenster_Auferstehung.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Resurrection of Jesus, by Anton von Werner, Berlin Cathedral"><img alt="Resurrection of Jesus, by Anton von Werner, Berlin Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Berliner_Dom_-_Altarraum_4_Fenster_Auferstehung.jpg/185px-Berliner_Dom_-_Altarraum_4_Fenster_Auferstehung.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Berliner_Dom_-_Altarraum_4_Fenster_Auferstehung.jpg/277px-Berliner_Dom_-_Altarraum_4_Fenster_Auferstehung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Berliner_Dom_-_Altarraum_4_Fenster_Auferstehung.jpg/370px-Berliner_Dom_-_Altarraum_4_Fenster_Auferstehung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1572" data-file-height="2548" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Resurrection of Jesus, by <a href="/wiki/Anton_von_Werner" title="Anton von Werner">Anton von Werner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Cathedral" title="Berlin Cathedral">Berlin Cathedral</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 106px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 104px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Resurrected_Jesus_two_Maries.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stained glass depiction with two Marys, Lutheran Church, South Carolina"><img alt="Stained glass depiction with two Marys, Lutheran Church, South Carolina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Resurrected_Jesus_two_Maries.jpg/156px-Resurrected_Jesus_two_Maries.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Resurrected_Jesus_two_Maries.jpg/235px-Resurrected_Jesus_two_Maries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Resurrected_Jesus_two_Maries.jpg/313px-Resurrected_Jesus_two_Maries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2091" data-file-height="4006" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stained glass depiction with two Marys, <a href="/wiki/St._Matthew%27s_German_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="St. Matthew's German Evangelical Lutheran Church">Lutheran Church</a>, South Carolina</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Fra_Angelico_-_Resurrection_of_Christ_and_Women_at_the_Tomb_(Cell_8)_-_WGA00542.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Women at the empty tomb, by Fra Angelico, 1437–1446"><img alt="Women at the empty tomb, by Fra Angelico, 1437–1446" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Fra_Angelico_-_Resurrection_of_Christ_and_Women_at_the_Tomb_%28Cell_8%29_-_WGA00542.jpg/252px-Fra_Angelico_-_Resurrection_of_Christ_and_Women_at_the_Tomb_%28Cell_8%29_-_WGA00542.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Fra_Angelico_-_Resurrection_of_Christ_and_Women_at_the_Tomb_%28Cell_8%29_-_WGA00542.jpg/378px-Fra_Angelico_-_Resurrection_of_Christ_and_Women_at_the_Tomb_%28Cell_8%29_-_WGA00542.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Fra_Angelico_-_Resurrection_of_Christ_and_Women_at_the_Tomb_%28Cell_8%29_-_WGA00542.jpg/504px-Fra_Angelico_-_Resurrection_of_Christ_and_Women_at_the_Tomb_%28Cell_8%29_-_WGA00542.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Women at the empty tomb, by <a href="/wiki/Fra_Angelico" title="Fra Angelico">Fra Angelico</a>, 1437–1446</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relics">Relics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Relics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Acheiropoieta" title="Acheiropoieta">Acheiropoieta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Veil_of_Veronica" title="Veil of Veronica">Veil of Veronica</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turin_plasch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Turin_plasch.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="194" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="194" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Secondo_Pia" title="Secondo Pia">Secondo Pia</a>'s 1898 negative of the image on the <a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a> has an appearance suggesting a positive image. It is used as part of the devotion to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Face_of_Jesus" title="Holy Face of Jesus">Holy Face of Jesus</a>.</figcaption></figure> The resurrection of Jesus has long been central to the Christian faith and appears within diverse elements of the Christian tradition, from feasts to artistic depictions to religious relics. In Christian teachings, the <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacraments</a> derive their saving power from the passion and resurrection of Christ, upon which the salvation of the world entirely depends.<a href="#cite_note-357">[309]</a> An example of the interweaving of the teachings on the resurrection with Christian relics is the application of the concept of "<a href="/wiki/Acheiropoieta" title="Acheiropoieta">miraculous image formation</a>" at the moment of resurrection to the <a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a>. Christian authors have stated the belief that the body around whom the shroud was wrapped was not merely human, but divine, and that the image on the shroud was miraculously produced at the moment of resurrection.<a href="#cite_note-358">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[311]</a> Quoting <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a>'s statement that the shroud is "the wonderful document of His Passion, Death and Resurrection, written for us in letters of blood" author Antonio Cassanelli argues that the shroud is a deliberate divine record of the five stages of the Passion of Christ, created at the moment of resurrection.<a href="#cite_note-360">[312]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views_of_other_religions">Views of other religions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Views of other religions">edit</a>]</div> Groups such as <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼís</a>, and other non-Christians, as well as some <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">liberal Christians</a>, dispute whether Jesus actually rose from the dead. Arguments over death and resurrection claims occur at many religious <a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">debates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interfaith_dialogue" title="Interfaith dialogue">interfaith dialogues</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELorenzen200313-361">[313]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Judaism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Judaism%27s_view_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism's view of Jesus">Judaism's view of Jesus</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Christian">Christianity split from Judaism</a> in the 1st century AD, and the two faiths have differed in their theology since. According to the <a href="/wiki/Toledot_Yeshu" title="Toledot Yeshu">Toledot Yeshu</a>, the body of Jesus was <a href="/wiki/Stolen_body_hypothesis" title="Stolen body hypothesis">removed</a> on the same night by a gardener named Juda, after hearing the disciples planned to steal the body of Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-362">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[315]</a> However, Toledot Yeshu is not considered either canonical or normative within <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinic literature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-364">[316]</a> Van Voorst states that Toledot Yeshu is a medieval document set without a fixed form which is "most unlikely" to have reliable information about Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-365">[317]</a> The Blackwell Companion to Jesus states that the Toledot Yeshu has no historical facts as such, and was perhaps created as a tool for warding off conversions to Christianity.<a href="#cite_note-366">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gnostics">Gnostics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Gnostics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Sepulchre_P1040539.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Holy_Sepulchre_P1040539.JPG/220px-Holy_Sepulchre_P1040539.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Holy_Sepulchre_P1040539.JPG/330px-Holy_Sepulchre_P1040539.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Holy_Sepulchre_P1040539.JPG/440px-Holy_Sepulchre_P1040539.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Rotunda_(architecture)" title="Rotunda (architecture)">rotunda</a> in <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>, called the Anastasis ("Resurrection"), which contains the remains of a <a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_tombs_in_ancient_Israel" title="Rock-cut tombs in ancient Israel">rock-cut room</a> that Helena and Macarius identified as the burial site of Jesus</figcaption></figure> Some <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostics</a> did not believe in a literal physical resurrection. "For the gnostic any resurrection of the dead was excluded from the outset; the flesh or substance is destined to perish. 'There is no resurrection of the flesh, but only of the soul', say the so-called <a href="/wiki/Archontics" title="Archontics">Archontics</a>, a late gnostic group in Palestine".<a href="#cite_note-367">[319]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Islam">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_Jesus%27_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic view of Jesus' death">Islamic view of Jesus' death</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Jesus in Islam</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> believe that <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">ʿĪsā</a> (Jesus) son of <a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Mariam</a> (Mary) was a holy prophet with a divine message. The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_Jesus%27_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic view of Jesus' death">Islamic perspective</a> is that Jesus was not crucified and will return to the world at the end of times. "But <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allāh</a> raised him up to Himself. And Allāh is Ever All-Powerful, All-Wise".<a href="#cite_note-368">[320]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> says in Surah An-Nisa [Ch 004: Verse 157] "And because of their saying, 'We killed Messiah ʿĪsā, son of Maryam, the Messenger of Allāh', – but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but it appeared so to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts".<a href="#cite_note-Qur'an,_Surah_4:157-369">[321]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam_Ahmadiyya">Islam Ahmadiyya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Islam Ahmadiyya">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadi Muslims</a> believe that, as Jesus is the Messiah to the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Children of Israel</a><a href="#cite_note-370">[322]</a> his objective was to gather their following. For this reason, Ahmadis believe that Jesus survived the crucifixion, as supported by the Qur'an,<a href="#cite_note-371">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[326]</a> as a death on the cross would be a cursed one, supported by the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>.<a href="#cite_note-375">[327]</a> This belief is held as Jesus had other "sheep" to tend to.<a href="#cite_note-376">[328]</a> After surviving the crucifixion, Jesus and his mother migrated to another land<a href="#cite_note-377">[329]</a> where he continued his mission. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Jesus" title="Outline of Jesus">Outline of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_Sunday" title="Divine Mercy Sunday">Divine Mercy Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dying-and-rising_god" title="Dying-and-rising god">Dying-and-rising god</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swoon_hypothesis" title="Swoon hypothesis">Swoon hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substitution_hypothesis" title="Substitution hypothesis">Substitution hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb of Jesus</a> <ul><li>The ground on which the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> stands is venerated by most Christians as <a href="/wiki/Golgotha" class="mw-redirect" title="Golgotha">Golgotha</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Calvary" title="Calvary">Hill of Calvary</a>, where the New Testament says that Jesus was crucified. This tomb is venerated as the tomb of Christ by the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox churches, and Oriental Orthodox churches.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_Tomb" title="The Garden Tomb">The Garden Tomb</a>, discovered in the 19th century, is considered the actual site of Jesus's grave by some Protestant Christians.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talpiot_Tomb" title="Talpiot Tomb">Talpiot Tomb</a>, discovered in 1980, subject of the controversial 2007 documentary <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Tomb_of_Jesus" title="The Lost Tomb of Jesus">The Lost Tomb of Jesus</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-third_day-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-third_day_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-third_day_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-third_day_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-third_day_1-3">d</a> See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourrabbijesus.com/articles/resurrection-on-the-third-day/">"Why Was Resurrection on 'the Third Day'? Two Insights"</a> for explanations on the phrase "third day". According to Ernst Lüdemann<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen199673-44">[33]</a> and Pinchas Lapide, "third day" may refer to Hosea 6:1–2:<a href="#cite_note-bibleref2|Hosea|6:1–2-45">[34]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> Come, let us return to the Lord; for he has torn us, that he may heal us; he has struck us down, and he will bind us up. After two days he will revive us; on the third day he will raise us up, that we may live before him. </div></blockquote> See also 2 Kings 20:8: "Hezekiah said to Isaiah, 'What shall be the sign that the Lord will heal me, and that I shall go up to the house of the Lord on the third day?'"<a href="#cite_note-46">[35]</a> According to Sheehan, Paul's reference to Jesus having risen "on the third day ... simply expresses the belief that Jesus was rescued from the fate of utter absence from God (death) and was admitted to the saving presence of God (the eschatological future)."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheehan1986112-47">[36]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB_restoration-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_restoration_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_restoration_3-1">b</a> EB: "Session at the right hand of the Father was apparently a Christian interpretation of the first verse of Psalm 110. It implied the elevation—or, as the doctrine of preexistence became clearer, the restoration—of Christ to a position of honour with God. Taken together, the Ascension and the session were a way of speaking about the presence of Christ with the Father during the interim between the Resurrection and the Second Advent."<a href="#cite_note-EB_ih-2">[web 1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hurtado_visions-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hurtado_visions_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hurtado_visions_14-1">b</a> These visions may mostly have appeared during corporate worship.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200573-224">[195]</a> Johan Leman contends that the communal meals provided a context in which participants entered a state of mind in which the presence of Jesus was felt.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeman2015168–169-225">[196]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> In 1 Corinthians 15:3 - 7, <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> passes on what Judaism valued as the best evidence: first-person testimony of the resurrection. According to <a href="/wiki/John_S._Kloppenborg" title="John S. Kloppenborg">John Kloppenborg</a>, Paul's "argumentation in chap.15 revolves around the reality of the resurrection; the tradition adduced by Paul in support of his argument must have contained some element of proof of the resurrection (i.e., witnesses) - otherwise there would have been no reason for Paul to adduce it in the first place".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKloppenborg1978358-21">[15]</a> That this teaching predates Paul and the New Testament book that contains it has been almost universally acknowledged.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKloppenborg1978351-22">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bart_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart Ehrman">Bart Ehrman</a> dates the text to within one to two years of the crucifixion.<a href="#cite_note-23">[17]</a> However, whether the pre-Pauline material is from the earliest <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a>-speaking community or from the Jewish-Hellenistic church is disputed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKloppenborg1978352-24">[18]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Early creed: <ul><li>Neufeld, The Earliest Christian Confessions (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) p. 47</li> <li>Reginald Fuller, The Formation of the Resurrection Narratives (New York: Macmillan, 1971) p. 10</li> <li>Wolfhart Pannenberg, Jesus – God and Man translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968) p. 90</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Cullmann" title="Oscar Cullmann">Oscar Cullmann</a>, The Early Church: Studies in Early Christian History and Theology, ed. A. J. B. Higgins (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1966) p. 64</li> <li>Hans Conzelmann, 1 Corinthians, translated James W. Leitch (Philadelphia: Fortress 1969) p. 251</li> <li>Bultmann, Theology of the New Testament vol. 1 pp. 45, 80–82, 293</li> <li>R. E. Brown, The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus (New York: Paulist Press, 1973) pp. 81, 92</li> <li>Most Fellows of the Jesus Seminar also concluded that this tradition dates to before Paul's conversion, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> AD 33.<a href="#cite_note-31">[24]</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Origins within the Jerusalem apostolic community: <ul><li>Wolfhart Pannenberg, Jesus – God and Man translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968) p. 90</li> <li>Oscar Cullmann, The Early church: Studies in Early Christian History and Theology, ed. A. J. B. Higgins (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1966) pp. 66–66</li> <li>R. E. Brown, The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus (New York: Paulist Press, 1973) p. 81</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sheehan_(philosopher)" title="Thomas Sheehan (philosopher)">Thomas Sheehan</a>, First Coming: How the Kingdom of God Became Christianity (New York: Random House, 1986) pp. 110, 118</li> <li>Ulrich Wilckens, Resurrection translated A. M. Stewart (Edinburgh: Saint Andrew, 1977) p. 2</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-died_for-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-died_for_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-died_for_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-died_for_43-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-died_for_43-3">d</a> The kerygma from 1 Corinthians 15:3–5 refers to two mythologies: the Greek myth of the noble dead, to which the Maccabean notion of martyrdom and dying for ones people is related; and the Jewish myth of the persecuted sage or <a href="/wiki/Righteousness" title="Righteousness">righteous</a> man, c.q. the "story of the child of <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_(personification)" title="Wisdom (personification)">wisdom</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMack199586–87-37">[28]</a> The notion of 'dying for' refers to this martyrdom and persecution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMack199788-38">[29]</a> James F. McGrath refers to 4 Maccabees,<a href="#cite_note-39">[30]</a> "which presents a martyr praying "Be merciful to your people, and let our punishment suffice for them. Make my blood their purification, and take my life in exchange for theirs".<a href="#cite_note-bibleverse|4|Maccabees|6:28–29-40">[31]</a> Clearly, there were ideas that existed in the Judaism of the time that helped make sense of the death of the righteous in terms of atonement."<a href="#cite_note-McGrath.2007-41">[web 4]</a> See also Herald Gandi (2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tms.edu/blog/resurrection-according-to-scriptures/">The Resurrection: "According to the Scriptures"?</a>, referring to Isaiah 53,<a href="#cite_note-42">[32]</a> among others: "[4] Surely he has borne our infirmities and carried our diseases; yet we accounted him stricken, struck down by God, and afflicted. [5] But he was wounded for our transgressions, crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the punishment that made us whole, and by his bruises we are healed ... [10] Yet it was the will of the Lord to crush him with pain. When you make his life an offering for sin, he shall see his offspring, and shall prolong his days; through him the will of the Lord shall prosper. [11] Out of his anguish he shall see light; he shall find satisfaction through his knowledge. The righteous one, my servant, shall make many righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities." </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> Allison refers to "Crossan, Historical Jesus, 391–4; idem, Jesus: A Revolutionary Biography (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1994), 123–58; idem, Who Killed Jesus? Exposing the Roots of Anti-Semitism in the Gospel Story of the Death of Jesus (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996), 160–77))" </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Allison refers to Crossan (1996), Who Killed Jesus? </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> In an earlier publication (2003), Ehrman recognized that "Some scholars have argued that it's more plausible that in fact Jesus was placed in a common burial plot, which sometimes happened, or was, as many other crucified people, simply left to be eaten by scavenging animals", but further elaborated by stating that "[T]he accounts are fairly unanimous in saying ... that Jesus was in fact buried by this fellow, Joseph of Arimathea, and so it's relatively reliable that that's what happened."<a href="#cite_note-121">[107]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWright2009">Wright (2009</a>, p. 22) argues that the burial of Christ is part of the earliest gospel traditions. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> Bultmann dismisses the empty tomb story as "an apologetic legend."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBultmann1963287-139">[123]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Habermas-168">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Habermas_168-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Habermas_168-1">b</a> According to Christian apologist <a href="/wiki/Gary_Habermas" title="Gary Habermas">Gary Habermas</a>, "Many [conservative] scholars have spoken in support of a [transformed] bodily notion of Jesus' resurrection."<a href="#cite_note-Habermas.2005-6">[web 3]</a> According to Habermas, Paul refers to a physical body in 1 Corinthians 15:44.<a href="#cite_note-193">[170]</a> Habermas notes that Paul doesn't use solely the word pneuma, but speaks about <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_body" title="Spiritual body">"spiritual [pneumatikos] body [soma]"</a>. According to Habermas, Paul refers to a physical body, arguing that "Paul says three things in one chapter [of Philippians] that indicates that he’s talking about a physical resurrection." The first is that Paul says that he is a Pharisee, implying that he believes in a physical resurrection. The second is that, in Philippians 3:11, Paul says "That I may attain the resurrection of the dead", using the phrase eks-anastasis ("εἰς τὴν ἐξανάστασιν") (out-resurrection), "resurrection from out among the dead ones." And third, in Philippians 3:20–21 "He Jesus will change my body to be like His body." Habermas further notes that in Philippians 3:20,21, Paul speaks of a "glorious body" which is resurrected.<a href="#cite_note-Habermas.Flew-194">[web 9]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> According to Sheehan, Paul's account of the resurrection is not meant to be taken as referring to a literal, physical rising from the grave.<a href="#cite_note-Sheehan.2013-176">[155]</a> Paul's understanding of the resurrection, and perhaps Peter's as well, is a metaphorical one, with the stories of Jesus's (figurative) resurrection reflecting his triumphant "entry into God's eschatological presence."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheehan1986111-177">[156]</a> Sheehan:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The word "resurrection" is a metaphor that unfortunately has been taken literally. That's where the confusion begins. In the New Testament the word for "resurrection" means literally "awakening," like waking up your kids in the morning. The New Testament says not that God "resurrected" Jesus from the dead, but that he "awoke" him. Using metaphoric language, the New Testament says God awoke Jesus from the sleep of death and brought him into God's heavenly presence. There's nothing here about an event in space and time. Resurrection doesn't mean coming back to life."<a href="#cite_note-Sheehan.2013-176">[155]</a></blockquote> Sheehan quotes Helmut Koester:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"Resurrection is thus a mythological metaphor for God's victory over the powers of unrighteousness. ... The preaching of Jesus' resurrection was thus the proclamation that the new age had been ushered in": "The Structure and Criteria of Early Christian Beliefs" in Robinson and Koester, Trajectories, 223, 224.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheehan1986261-178">[157]</a></blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2015:12–20&version=nrsv">1 Cor 15:12–20</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Peter%201:3&version=nrsv">1 Peter 1:3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> According to Habermas, a Christian <a href="/wiki/Apologetics" title="Apologetics">apologist</a>, both internal states of mind, such as <a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conversion_disorder" title="Conversion disorder">conversion disorder</a>, and bereavement-related <a href="/wiki/Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">visions</a>, as well as objective phenomena such as illusions have been proposed as possible natural explanations for what the disciples believed they saw.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergeronHabermas2015158-199">[175]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> "Gerd Lüdemann 2012: 552 (cf. 550-557); 2004: 159 (cf. 163-166); 1994: 174 (cf. 173-179). See also Bart Ehrman 2014: 183-206, although Ehrman never describes the vision he proposes. Other proponents of some form of vision hypothesis include Michael Goulder (1996, 2000, 2005) and James Crossley (2005), although Goulder proposes only a spiritual resurrection belief emerged initially, and Crossley considers Jesus’ predictions of his own death historical and a contributing factor to the resurrection belief." </li> <li id="cite_note-last_days-214"><a href="#cite_ref-last_days_214-0">^</a> Ushering in the last days and the Kingdom of God: <ul><li>James Dunn (2006), The Theology of Pual the Apostle, p.240: "...the resurrection of Jesus was understood by Paul (as those before him) as ushering in a new age, even the last days."</li> <li>Paula Fredriksen (2018), When Christians Were Jews, p.86-87: "The Kingdom truly was at hand. Jesus' own resurrection was for them meaningful as the first of a cascade of anticipated Endtime events."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFWright2003">Wright (2003</a>, p. 272): "He [Paul] believed himself to be living at a new stage in the eschatological timetable: the 'age to come' had already begun, precisely with the Messiah's resurrection."</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> Novakovic quotes C.E.B. Cranfield, The Epistle to the Romans, 1:62.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovakovic2014135,_note_78-216">[189]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> See also Andrew Chester (2007), Messiah and Exaltation: Jewish Messianic and Visionary Traditions and New Testament Christology, Mohr Siebeck; and Larry Huratdo (11 December 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://larryhurtado.wordpress.com/2012/12/11/early-high-christology-a-recent-assessment-of-scholarly-debate/">"'Early High Christology': A Recent Assessment of Scholarly Debate"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanders.first"-231">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanders.first"_231-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanders.first"_231-1">b</a> According to Sanders, "there seems to have been a competition: 'I saw him,' 'so did I,' 'the women saw him first,' 'no, I did; they didn't see him at all,' and so on."<a href="#cite_note-Sanders.2007-290">[252]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> Hurtado cites Green, The Death of Jesus, p.323.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005187,_n.55-274">[240]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> Vermes describes are eight possible theories to explain the resurrection of Jesus, concluding that none of these six possibilities "stands up to stringent scrutiny",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a149-278">[243]</a> and then stating that the resurrection is a "resurrection in the hearts of men."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a152-279">[244]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> According to Lüdemann, in the discussions about the <a href="/wiki/Paul_and_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul and Judaism">strictness of adherence</a> to the Jewish Law, the more conservative faction of James the Just took the overhand over the more liberal position of Peter, who soon lost influence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996116–117-286">[249]</a> According to Dunn, this was not an "usurpation of power", but a consequence of Peter's involvement in missionary activities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBockmuehl201052-287">[250]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-atonement.Paul-303"><a href="#cite_ref-atonement.Paul_303-0">^</a> Atonement: * Briscoe and Ogilvie (2003): "Paul says that Christ's ransom price is his blood."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBriscoeOgilvie2003-300">[262]</a> * Cobb: "The question is whether Paul thought that God sacrificed Jesus to atone for human sins. During the past thousand years, this idea has often been viewed in the Western church as at the heart of Christianity, and many of those who uphold it have appealed to Paul as its basis ... In fact, the word 'atonement' is lacking in many standard translations. The King James Translation uses 'propitiation', and the Revised Standard Version uses 'expiation.' The American Translation reads: 'For God showed him publicly dying as a sacrifice of reconciliation to be taken advantage of through faith.' The Good News Bible renders the meaning as: 'God offered him, so that by his sacrificial death he should become the means by which people's sins are forgiven through their faith in him.' Despite this variety, and the common avoidance of the word 'atonement', all these translations agree with the New Revised Standard Version in suggesting that God sacrificed Jesus so that people could be reconciled to God through faith. All thereby support the idea that is most directly formulated by the use of the word 'atonement.'"<a href="#cite_note-Cobb-302">[web 16]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-sacrifice-309"><a href="#cite_ref-sacrifice_309-0">^</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a> (1906), "The Mishnah says that sins are expiated (1) by sacrifice, (2) by repentance at death or on Yom Kippur, (3) in the case of the lighter transgressions of the positive or negative precepts, by repentance at any time ... The graver sins, according to Rabbi, are apostasy, heretical interpretation of the Torah, and non-circumcision (Yoma 86a). The atonement for sins between a man and his neighbour is an ample apology (Yoma 85b)."<a href="#cite_note-JE.SIN-306">[web 18]</a> The Jewish Virtual Library writes: "Another important concept [of sacrifices] is the element of substitution. The idea is that the thing being offered is a substitute for the person making the offering, and the things that are done to the offering are things that should have been done to the person offering. The offering is in some sense 'punished' in place of the offerer. It is interesting to note that whenever the subject of Karbanot is addressed in the Torah, the name of G-d used is the four-letter name indicating G-d's mercy."<a href="#cite_note-307">[web 19]</a> The Jewish Encyclopedia further writes: "Most efficacious seemed to be the atoning power of suffering experienced by the righteous during the Exile. This is the idea underlying the description of the suffering servant of God in Isa. liii. 4, 12, Hebr. ... of greater atoning power than all the Temple sacrifices was the suffering of the elect ones who were to be servants and witnesses of the Lord (Isa. xlii. 1-4, xlix. 1–7, l. 6). This idea of the atoning power of the suffering and death of the righteous finds expression also in IV Macc. vi. 27, xvii. 21–23; M. Ḳ. 28a; Pesiḳ. xxvii. 174b; Lev. R. xx.; and formed the basis of Paul's doctrine of the atoning blood of Christ (Rom. iii. 25)."<a href="#cite_note-JE.ATONEMENT-308">[web 20]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> Jordan Cooper: "Sanders sees Paul’s motifs of salvation as more participationist than juristic. The reformation overemphasized the judicial categories of forgiveness and escape from condemnation, while ignoring the real heart of salvation, which is a mystical participation in Christ. Paul shows this in his argument in his first epistle to the Corinthians when arguing against sexual immorality. It is wrong because it affects one’s union with Christ by uniting himself to a prostitute. Sin is not merely the violation of an abstract law. This participationist language is also used in Corinthians in the discussion of the Lord’s Supper wherein one participates in the body and blood of Christ."<a href="#cite_note-Cooper.2014-311">[web 21]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENovakovic2014152-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovakovic2014152_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovakovic2014152_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovakovic2014152_5-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFNovakovic2014">Novakovic 2014</a>, p. 152. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiniscalchi2011363-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiniscalchi2011363_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSiniscalchi2011">Siniscalchi 2011</a>, p. 363. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn198553-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn198553_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn198553_8-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn1985">Dunn 1985</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENovakovic2014153-154-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovakovic2014153-154_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovakovic2014153-154_9-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFNovakovic2014">Novakovic 2014</a>, p. 153-154. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200572–73-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado200572–73_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado200572–73_10-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHurtado2005">Hurtado 2005</a>, pp. 72–73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoester200064–65-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoester200064–65_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoester200064–65_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoester200064–65_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoester200064–65_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoester200064–65_11-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFKoester2000">Koester 2000</a>, pp. 64–65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008b141-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermes2008b141_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermes2008b141_12-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFVermes2008b">Vermes 2008b</a>, p. 141. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201498,_101-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman201498,_101_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman201498,_101_13-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, pp. 98, 101. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado200574,_84-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado200574,_84_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHurtado2005">Hurtado 2005</a>, pp. 74, 84. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014109–110-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014109–110_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014109–110_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014109–110_16-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, pp. 109–110. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005186-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005186_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005186_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005186_17-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFHurtado2005">Hurtado 2005</a>, p. 186. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a151–152-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a151–152_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a151–152_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a151–152_18-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFVermes2008a">Vermes 2008a</a>, pp. 151–152. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBockmuehl2001" class="citation book cs1">Bockmuehl, Markus (2001). "7. Resurrection". In Bockmuehl, Markus (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Jesus. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521796781" title="Special:BookSources/9780521796781"><bdi>9780521796781</bdi></a>. <q>Nevertheless, what is perhaps most surprising is the extent to which contemporary scholarly literature on the 'historical Jesus' has studiously ignored and downplayed the question of the resurrection...But even the more mainstream participants in the late twentieth-century 'historical Jesus' bonanza have tended to avoid the subject of the resurrection – usually on the pretext that this is solely a matter of 'faith' or of 'theology', about which no self-respecting historian could possibly have anything to say. Precisely that scholarly silence, however, renders a good many recent 'historical Jesus' studies methodologically hamstrung, and unable to deliver what they promise...In this respect, benign neglect ranks alongside dogmatic denial and naive credulity in guaranteeing the avoidance of historical truth.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7.+Resurrection&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Jesus&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780521796781&rft.aulast=Bockmuehl&rft.aufirst=Markus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELicona2010223–235-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELicona2010223–235_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLicona2010">Licona 2010</a>, pp. 223–235. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKloppenborg1978358-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKloppenborg1978358_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKloppenborg1978">Kloppenborg 1978</a>, p. 358. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKloppenborg1978351-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKloppenborg1978351_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKloppenborg1978351_22-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKloppenborg1978">Kloppenborg 1978</a>, p. 351. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> 23Bart Ehrman, Did Jesus Exist? (New York: Harper Collins, 2012), pages 22, 27, 92, 93, 97, 111, 141, 144, 145, 155, 158, 171, 173, 260, 263; especially pages 131, 132, 157, 164, 170, 251, 254. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKloppenborg1978352-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKloppenborg1978352_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKloppenborg1978">Kloppenborg 1978</a>, p. 352. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell2018unpaginated-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell2018unpaginated_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowell2018">Powell 2018</a>, p. unpaginated. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a141-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a141_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVermes2008a">Vermes 2008a</a>, p. 141. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2015:3–8&version=nrsv">1 Corinthians 15:3–8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld196447-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld196447_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNeufeld1964">Neufeld 1964</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2014374-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2014374_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2014">Taylor 2014</a>, p. 374. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Funk" title="Robert W. Funk">Funk, Robert W.</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Seminar" title="Jesus Seminar">Jesus Seminar</a>. The acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus. HarperSanFrancisco. 1998. Empty Tomb, Appearances & Ascension pp. 449–495. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a121–122-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a121–122_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVermes2008a">Vermes 2008a</a>, p. 121–122. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Hans Grass, Ostergeschen und Osterberichte, Second Edition (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1962) p. 96 </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnett182-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Barnett182_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnett2009" class="citation book cs1">Barnett, Paul William (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KPMIYtpKtDwC&q=from+Ananias+in+about&pg=PA182">Finding the Historical Christ (Volume 3 of After Jesus)</a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802848901" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802848901"><bdi>978-0802848901</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finding+the+Historical+Christ+%28Volume+3+of+After+Jesus%29&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0802848901&rft.aulast=Barnett&rft.aufirst=Paul+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKPMIYtpKtDwC%26q%3Dfrom%2BAnanias%2Bin%2Babout%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMack199586–87-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMack199586–87_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMack1995">Mack 1995</a>, pp. 86–87. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMack199788-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMack199788_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMack1997">Mack 1997</a>, p. 88. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=4%20Maccabees%206&version=nrsvae">4 Maccabees 6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-bibleverse|4|Maccabees|6:28–29-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bibleverse|4|Maccabees|6:28–29_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibleverse|4|Maccabees|6:28–29_40-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=4%20Maccabees%206:28–29&version=nrsvae">4 Maccabees 6:28–29</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Isaiah%2053&version=nrsv">Isaiah 53</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen199673-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen199673_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen199673_44-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLüdemannÖzen1996">Lüdemann & Özen 1996</a>, p. 73. </li> <li 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href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1%20Corinthians%2015:3–7">1 Corinthians 15:3–7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bibleref2|Matthew|28:16–20-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Bibleref2|Matthew|28:16–20_56-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2028:16–20&version=nrsv">Matthew 28:16–20</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2016:14–18&version=nrsv">Mark 16:14–18</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2024:44–49&version=nrsv">Luke 24:44–49</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%201:4–8&version=nrsv">Acts 1:4–8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2020:19–23&version=nrsv">John 20:19–23</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastleman" class="citation journal cs1">Castleman, Robbie F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s3.amazonaws.com/tgc-documents/journal-issues/32.3_Castleman.pdf">"The Last Word: The Great Commission: Ecclesiology"</a> (PDF). Themelios. 32 (3): 68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Themelios&rft.atitle=The+Last+Word%3A+The+Great+Commission%3A+Ecclesiology&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=68&rft.aulast=Castleman&rft.aufirst=Robbie+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Ftgc-documents%2Fjournal-issues%2F32.3_Castleman.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%201:8&version=nrsv">Acts 1:8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2024:46–47&version=nrsv">Luke 24:46–47</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2020:12–23&version=nrsv">John 20:12–23</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring20063,_14-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring20063,_14_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoring2006">Boring 2006</a>, pp. 3, 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECotter2001127-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotter2001127_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCotter2001">Cotter 2001</a>, p. 127. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECotter2001149–150-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotter2001149–150_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCotter2001">Cotter 2001</a>, pp. 149–150. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2023:55&version=nrsv">Luke 23:55</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2024:1–5&version=nrsv">24:1–5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2024:37–47&version=nrsv">24:37–47</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002211-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002211_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002211_71-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurkett2002">Burkett 2002</a>, p. 211. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/Acts+1:3">1:3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1973103-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1973103_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrown1973">Brown 1973</a>, p. 103. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElledge2017130ff-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElledge2017130ff_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFElledge2017">Elledge 2017</a>, pp. 130ff. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchäfer200372–73-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchäfer200372–73_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchäfer200372–73_75-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchäfer2003">Schäfer 2003</a>, pp. 72–73. </li> <li 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MacCormack">Sabine G. MacCormack</a> Concise Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology p.47 </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Theony Condos, Star Myths of the Greeks and Romans, p.141 </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Bart Ehrman (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/bart-d-ehrman/did-jesus-exist_b_1349544.html">Did Jesus Exist?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180822020811/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/bart-d-ehrman/did-jesus-exist_b_1349544.html">Archived</a> 2018-08-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Huffington Post </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright200356,_76-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright200356,_76_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWright2003">Wright 2003</a>, pp. 56, 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECotter2001131-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotter2001131_93-0">^</a> <a 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href="#CITEREFAllison2021">Allison (2021)</a>, p. 94-95. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison202195-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllison202195_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllison2021">Allison (2021)</a>, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossan2009143-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossan2009143_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrossan2009">Crossan (2009)</a>, p. 143. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCane200389-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCane200389_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcCane2003">McCane (2003)</a>, p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECasey2010451-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasey2010451_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasey2010451_116-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCasey2010">Casey (2010)</a>, p. 451. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECasey2010-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasey2010_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCasey2010">Casey (2010)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201482-88-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman201482-88_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, p. 82-88. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201482-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman201482_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, p. 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201484-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman201484_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, p. 84. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Bart Ehrman, From Jesus to Constantine: A History of Early Christianity, Lecture 4: "Oral and Written Traditions about Jesus" [The Teaching Company, 2003]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201485-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman201485_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, p. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201486-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman201486_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201487-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman201487_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, p. 87. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson1973131-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson1973131_127-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobinson1973">Robinson (1973)</a>, p. 131. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison2021112-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllison2021112_128-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllison2021">Allison (2021)</a>, p. 112. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003b781-129"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003b781_129-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn2003b">Dunn (2003b)</a>, p. 781. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003b781–783-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003b781–783_130-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn2003b">Dunn (2003b)</a>, pp. 781–783. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005188–190,_195-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2005188–190,_195_131-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2005">Evans 2005</a>, pp. 188–190, 195. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELoke2020141-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoke2020141_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLoke2020">Loke 2020</a>, p. 141. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> Cook, J. (2011). Crucifixion and Burial. New Testament Studies, 57(2), 193-213. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0028688510000214">10.1017/S0028688510000214</a>. p. 213. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003b836-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003b836_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn2003b">Dunn2003b</a>, p. 836. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201488-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman201488_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman (2014)</a>, p. 88. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> e.g. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.christianpost.com/voices/jesus-twin-brother-and-the-truth-about-easter.html">https://www.christianpost.com/voices/jesus-twin-brother-and-the-truth-about-easter.html</a> or in <a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_Afranius" title="The Gospel of Afranius">The Gospel of Afranius</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStroumsa2004270-137"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStroumsa2004270_137-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStroumsa2004">Stroumsa 2004</a>, p. 270. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStroumsa2004267,_268-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStroumsa2004267,_268_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStroumsa2004267,_268_138-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFStroumsa2004">Stroumsa 2004</a>, pp. 267, 268. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBultmann1963287-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBultmann1963287_139-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBultmann1963">Bultmann (1963)</a>, p. 287. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison2005306-141"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllison2005306_141-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllison2005">Allison 2005</a>, p. 306. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAune2013169-142"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAune2013169_142-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAune2013">Aune 2013</a>, p. 169. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> Engelbrecht, J. "The Empty Tomb (Lk 24:1-12) in Historical Perspective." Neotestamentica, vol. 23, no. 2, 1989, pp. 245. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare2014498-144"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare2014498_144-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWare2014">Ware 2014</a>, p. 498. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook201756–58-145"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook201756–58_145-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCook2017">Cook 2017</a>, pp. 56–58. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003b843-146"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003b843_146-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn2003b">Dunn 2003b</a>, pp. 843. </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bauckham" title="Richard Bauckham">Richard Bauckham</a>, Gospel Women, Studies of the Named Women in the Gospels (2002), pages 257-258 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison2005327–328-148"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllison2005327–328_148-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllison2005">Allison 2005</a>, pp. 327–328. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2003711-149">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright2003711_149-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright2003711_149-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright2003711_149-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFWright2003">Wright 2003</a>, p. 711. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._Brown" title="Raymond E. Brown">Brown, Raymond</a> (1994). An Introduction to New Testament Christology. Paulist Press. p. 163-166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0809135165" title="Special:BookSources/978-0809135165"><bdi>978-0809135165</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+New+Testament+Christology&rft.pages=163-166&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0809135165&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(theologian)" title="James Dunn (theologian)">Dunn, James</a> (2019). Why believe in Jesus' Resurrection?. SPCK. p. unpaginated. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0281076581" title="Special:BookSources/978-0281076581"><bdi>978-0281076581</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+believe+in+Jesus%27+Resurrection%3F&rft.pages=unpaginated&rft.pub=SPCK&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0281076581&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllison20213,_310–335,_337,_353-152"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllison20213,_310–335,_337,_353_152-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllison2021">Allison 2021</a>, pp. 3, 310–335, 337, 353. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraieg2024" class="citation book cs1">Graieg, David (2024). Resurrection Remembered: A Memory Approach to Jesus’ Resurrection in First Corinthians. Routledge. p. Preface (unpaginated). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1032679983" title="Special:BookSources/978-1032679983"><bdi>978-1032679983</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resurrection+Remembered%3A+A+Memory+Approach+to+Jesus%E2%80%99+Resurrection+in+First+Corinthians&rft.pages=Preface+%28unpaginated%29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1032679983&rft.aulast=Graieg&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEndsjø200958–60,_63,_83,_93-154"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEndsjø200958–60,_63,_83,_93_154-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEndsjø2009">Endsjø 2009</a>, pp. 58–60, 63, 83, 93. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELehtipuu201562–63-155"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehtipuu201562–63_155-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLehtipuu2015">Lehtipuu 2015</a>, pp. 62–63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith20102,_179–180-156"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith20102,_179–180_156-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith2010">Smith 2010</a>, pp. 2, 179–180. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2007-157"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2007_157-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith2007">Smith 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a142-158">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a142_158-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a142_158-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFVermes2008a">Vermes 2008a</a>, p. 142. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a148-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a148_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a148_159-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFVermes2008a">Vermes 2008a</a>, p. 148. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201498-160"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman201498_160-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, p. 98. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201490-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman201490_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman201490_161-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, p. 90. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare2014b-162">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare2014b_162-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare2014b_162-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWare2014b">Ware 2014b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2015:44&version=nrsv">1 Corinthians 15:44</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman201494-167">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman201494_167-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman201494_167-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, p. 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELehtipuu201542–43-169"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehtipuu201542–43_169-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLehtipuu2015">Lehtipuu 2015</a>, pp. 42–43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEndsjø2009141,_145-170"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEndsjø2009141,_145_170-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEndsjø2009">Endsjø 2009</a>, pp. 141, 145. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> Meditation and Piety in the Far East by Karl Ludvig Reichelt, Sverre Holth 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-227-17235-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-227-17235-3">0-227-17235-3</a> p. 30 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn1997115-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn1997115_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn1997115_172-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn1997">Dunn 1997</a>, p. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2024:37–39&version=nrsv">Luke 24:37–39</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2020:27&version=nrsv">John 20:27</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn1997116-175"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn1997116_175-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn1997">Dunn 1997</a>, p. 116. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sheehan.2013-176">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sheehan.2013_176-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sheehan.2013_176-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClory1989" class="citation web cs1">McClory, Robert (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/the-gospel-according-to-thomas-sheehan/Content?oid=873733">"The Gospel According to Thomas Sheehan"</a>. The Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 31 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Chicago+Sun-Times&rft.atitle=The+Gospel+According+to+Thomas+Sheehan&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=McClory&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagoreader.com%2Fchicago%2Fthe-gospel-according-to-thomas-sheehan%2FContent%3Foid%3D873733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheehan1986111-177"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheehan1986111_177-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSheehan1986">Sheehan 1986</a>, p. 111. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheehan1986261-178"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheehan1986261_178-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSheehan1986">Sheehan 1986</a>, p. 261. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn1997116-117-180"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn1997116-117_180-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn1997">Dunn 1997</a>, p. 116-117. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn1997117-181"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn1997117_181-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn1997">Dunn 1997</a>, p. 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright20039–10-182"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright20039–10_182-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWright2003">Wright 2003</a>, pp. 9–10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2003398-183"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright2003398_183-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWright2003">Wright 2003</a>, p. 398. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2009149-184"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2009149_184-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn2009">Dunn 2009</a>, p. 149. </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> Updated version of the Nicene Creed added at <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a> in 381 AD, in Norman Tanner, New Short History of the Catholic Church, p. 33 (Burns & Oates, 2011). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86012-455-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86012-455-9">978-0-86012-455-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> Terry Miethe, in: Gary Habermas & Anthony G. N. Flew, Did Jesus Rise from the Dead? The Resurrection Debate, ed. Terry Miethe (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1987), p.xi. Quoted by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Martin_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Martin (philosopher)">Michael Martin</a>, The Resurrection as Initially Improbable (chapter). In: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPriceLowder2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Price" title="Robert M. Price">Price, Robert M.</a>; Lowder, Jeffrey Jay, eds. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781591022862/page/44">The Empty Tomb: Jesus Beyond the Grave</a>. Amherst: Prometheus Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781591022862/page/44">44</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59102-286-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-59102-286-X"><bdi>1-59102-286-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Empty+Tomb%3A+Jesus+Beyond+the+Grave&rft.place=Amherst&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-59102-286-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781591022862%2Fpage%2F44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> John R. Rice, The Importance of Christ's Resurrection in the Christian Faith. 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(1989). "Ebionites". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ebionites&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/177608/Ebionites">"Ebionites"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ebionites&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F177608%2FEbionites&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohler1901–1906" class="citation book cs1">Kohler, Kaufmann (1901–1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=22&letter=E">"Ebionites"</a>. In Singer, Isidore; Alder, Cyrus (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ebionites&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rft.aulast=Kohler&rft.aufirst=Kaufmann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Fview.jsp%3Fartid%3D22%26letter%3DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maccoby_1987-268"><a href="#cite_ref-Maccoby_1987_268-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyam_Maccoby1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hyam_Maccoby" title="Hyam Maccoby">Hyam Maccoby</a> (1987). The Mythmaker: Paul and the Invention of Christianity. HarperCollins. pp. 172–183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-250585-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-250585-8"><bdi>0-06-250585-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mythmaker%3A+Paul+and+the+Invention+of+Christianity&rft.pages=172-183&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-06-250585-8&rft.au=Hyam+Maccoby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ebionite.tripod.com/mac15.htm">an abridgement</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2006282-269"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2006282_269-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn2006">Dunn 2006</a>, p. 282. </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Philippians%202:6–11&version=nrsv">Philippians 2:6–11</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> Capes, Nelson Raymond, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ir.stthomas.edu/sod_mat/6/">"Philippians 2:6-11: Pre-Existence or Second Adam Christology? A Comparison of the Exegeses of Three Modern Scholars with that of St. John Chrysostom"</a> (2012). School of Divinity Master’s Theses and Projects. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005185-272"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005185_272-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHurtado2005">Hurtado 2005</a>, p. 185. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005187-273"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005187_273-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHurtado2005">Hurtado 2005</a>, p. 187. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005187,_n.55-274"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005187,_n.55_274-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHurtado2005">Hurtado 2005</a>, p. 187, n.55. </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Matthew_28:16" title="Matthew 28:16">Matthew 28:16</a>–<a href="/wiki/Matthew_28:20" title="Matthew 28:20">20</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn1997131-277"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn1997131_277-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn1997">Dunn 1997</a>, p. 131. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a149-278"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a149_278-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVermes2008a">Vermes 2008a</a>, p. 149. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a152-279"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermes2008a152_279-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVermes2008a">Vermes 2008a</a>, p. 152. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996180–181-281">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996180–181_281-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996180–181_281-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLüdemannÖzen1996">Lüdemann & Özen 1996</a>, pp. 180–181. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014100-282"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014100_282-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, p. 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagels200545-284">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPagels200545_284-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPagels200545_284-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPagels200545_284-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPagels200545_284-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFPagels2005">Pagels 2005</a>, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagels200545–46-285"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPagels200545–46_285-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPagels2005">Pagels 2005</a>, pp. 45–46. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996116–117-286">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996116–117_286-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996116–117_286-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996116–117_286-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFLüdemannÖzen1996">Lüdemann & Özen 1996</a>, pp. 116–117. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBockmuehl201052-287"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBockmuehl201052_287-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBockmuehl2010">Bockmuehl 2010</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996112–113-289"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELüdemannÖzen1996112–113_289-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLüdemannÖzen1996">Lüdemann & Özen 1996</a>, pp. 112–113. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanders.2007-290"><a href="#cite_ref-Sanders.2007_290-0">^</a> "Jesus Christ." Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007. 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Marthaler 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89622-537-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-89622-537-2">0-89622-537-2</a> p. 361 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermes2008bxv-298"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermes2008bxv_298-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVermes2008b">Vermes 2008b</a>, p. xv. </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2015:13–14&version=nrsv">1 Corinthians 15:13–14</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2015:17&version=nrsv">15:17</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2015:20–22&version=nrsv">15:20–22</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBriscoeOgilvie2003-300">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBriscoeOgilvie2003_300-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBriscoeOgilvie2003_300-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBriscoeOgilvie2003">Briscoe & Ogilvie 2003</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStubs2008142–143-304"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStubs2008142–143_304-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStubs2008">Stubs 2008</a>, pp. 142–143. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECharry199935-310"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECharry199935_310-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCharry1999">Charry 1999</a>, p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ehrman_2006-313"><a href="#cite_ref-Ehrman_2006_313-0">^</a> Ehrman, Bart. Peter, Paul, and Mary Magdalene: The Followers of Jesus in History and Legend. Oxford University Press, US. 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-530013-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-530013-0">0-19-530013-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Corinthians%205:14&version=nrsv">2 Corinthians 5:14</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> Ignatius makes many passing references, but two extended discussions are found in the <a href="/wiki/Letter_to_the_Trallians" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter to the Trallians">Letter to the Trallians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Letter_to_the_Smyrnaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter to the Smyrnaeans">Letter to the Smyrnaeans</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver20012-316"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver20012_316-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeaver2001">Weaver 2001</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeilbyEddy200911–20-317"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeilbyEddy200911–20_317-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeilbyEddy2009">Beilby & Eddy 2009</a>, pp. 11–20. </li> <li id="cite_note-ODCC.Atonement-318"><a href="#cite_ref-ODCC.Atonement_318-0">^</a> Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian Church, p. 124, entry "Atonement". New York: Oxford University Press. 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxenham1865114-319"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxenham1865114_319-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOxenham1865">Oxenham 1865</a>, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh20155-320">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPugh20155_320-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPugh20155_320-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPugh2015">Pugh 2015</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxenham1865xliv,_114-321"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxenham1865xliv,_114_321-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOxenham1865">Oxenham 1865</a>, pp. xliv, 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh20154-322">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPugh20154_322-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPugh20154_322-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPugh20154_322-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFPugh2015">Pugh 2015</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh20155–6-323"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPugh20155–6_323-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPugh2015">Pugh 2015</a>, pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPugh20156-324"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPugh20156_324-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPugh2015">Pugh 2015</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> The resurrection and the icon by Michel Quenot 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88141-149-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-88141-149-3">0-88141-149-3</a> p. 72 </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> Augustine: ancient thought baptized by John M. Rist 1996 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-58952-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-58952-5">0-521-58952-5</a> p. 110 </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> Augustine and the Catechumenate by William Harmless 1995 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-6132-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-6132-7">0-8146-6132-7</a> p. 131 </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> Augustine De doctrina Christiana by Saint Augustine, R. P. H. 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T. "The Surprise of Resurrection."." Craig A. Evans and NT Wright, Jesus, the Final Days: What Really Happened, ed. Troy A. Miller (2009): p=75 </li> <li id="cite_note-Warnock-334"><a href="#cite_ref-Warnock_334-0">^</a> Warnock, Adrian, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://raisedwithchrist.net">Raised With Christ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091112105429/http://raisedwithchrist.net/">Archived</a> 12 November 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Crossway 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p122a5p2.htm#638">Catechism of the Catholic Church 638</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p3s1c1a8.htm#1846">Catechism of the Catholic Church 1846</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p122a3p1.htm#460">Catechism of the Catholic Church 460</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p122a5p2.htm#654">Catechism of the Catholic Church 654</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p122a5p2.htm#655">Catechism of the Catholic Church 655</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p122a5p2.htm#647">Catechism of the Catholic Church 647</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p122a3p1.htm#470">Catechism of the Catholic Church 470</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p122a5p2.htm#646">Catechism of the Catholic Church 646</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p122a5p2.htm#645">Catechism of the Catholic Church 645</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> Foundations of Christian Worship by Susan J. White 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22924-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22924-7">0-664-22924-7</a> p. 55 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003268-345"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003268_345-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn2003">Dunn 2003</a>, p. 268. </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> Mercer Dictionary of the Bible by Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9">0-86554-373-9</a> p. 224 </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1%20Corinthians%205:7">1 Corinthians 5:7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%201:29&version=nrsv">John 1:29</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%205:6&version=nrsv">Revelation 5:6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Peter%201:19&version=nrsv">1 Peter 1:19</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Peter%201:2&version=nrsv">1 Peter 1:2</a>, and the associated notes and Passion Week table in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker,_Kenneth2002" class="citation book cs1">Barker, Kenneth, ed. (2002). Zondervan NIV Study Bible. <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Rapids">Grand Rapids</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zondervan" title="Zondervan">Zondervan</a>. p. 1520. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-310-92955-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-310-92955-5"><bdi>0-310-92955-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zondervan+NIV+Study+Bible&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pages=1520&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-310-92955-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarkin2010" class="citation book cs1">Larkin, Clarence (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D4x4ftJlu_QC">Dispensational Truth, Or God's Plan and Purpose in the Ages</a> (Scanned copy of 1918 book ed.). Cosimo, Inc. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61640-266-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61640-266-2"><bdi>978-1-61640-266-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dispensational+Truth%2C+Or+God%27s+Plan+and+Purpose+in+the+Ages&rft.pages=159&rft.edition=Scanned+copy+of+1918+book&rft.pub=Cosimo%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-61640-266-2&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=Clarence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD4x4ftJlu_QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKöstenberger2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andreas_J._K%C3%B6stenberger" title="Andreas J. Köstenberger">Köstenberger, Andreas</a> (9 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblicalfoundations.org/raised-on-the-third-day/">"Did Jesus Rise on the Third Day?"</a>. Biblical Foundations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240204094439/https://biblicalfoundations.org/raised-on-the-third-day/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Foundations&rft.atitle=Did+Jesus+Rise+on+the+Third+Day%3F&rft.date=2023-04-09&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6stenberger&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblicalfoundations.org%2Fraised-on-the-third-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> Understanding early Christian art by Robin Margaret Jensen 2000 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-20454-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-20454-2">0-415-20454-2</a> p. 149 </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100624144232/http://www1.georgetown.edu/centers/liturgy/envisionchurch/40399.html">"Cross and Crucifix in the Christian Assembly – Part I (The Early Christian Period: Crux Invicta, Crux Gemmata)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.georgetown.edu/centers/liturgy/envisionchurch/40399.html">the original</a> on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 24 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cross+and+Crucifix+in+the+Christian+Assembly+%E2%80%93+Part+I+%28The+Early+Christian+Period%3A+Crux+Invicta%2C+Crux+Gemmata%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.georgetown.edu%2Fcenters%2Fliturgy%2Fenvisionchurch%2F40399.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> The passion in art by Richard Harries 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-5011-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-5011-1">0-7546-5011-1</a> p. 8 </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf210.iv.iii.iii.html#iv.iii.iii-p220">"Ambrose, On the Belief in the Resurrection, 102"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ambrose%2C+On+the+Belief+in+the+Resurrection%2C+102&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fschaff%2Fnpnf210.iv.iii.iii.html%23iv.iii.iii-p220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherry2005-355">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherry2005_355-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherry2005_355-1">b</a> Images of redemption: art, literature and salvation by Patrick Sherry 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-567-08891-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-567-08891-X">0-567-08891-X</a> p. 73 </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> Heaven on Earth: art and the Church in Byzantium by Linda Safran 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-271-01670-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-271-01670-1">0-271-01670-1</a> p. 133 </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> The encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 5 by Erwin Fahlbusch, Jan Milic Lochman, Geoffrey William Bromiley, John Mbiti 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2417-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2417-X">0-8028-2417-X</a> p. 490 </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> Charles S. Brown, 2007 Bible "Mysteries" Explained <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9582813-0-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9582813-0-0">0-9582813-0-0</a> p. 193 </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a> Peter Rinaldi 1972, The man in the Shroud <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86007-010-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-86007-010-7">0-86007-010-7</a> p. 45 </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> Antonio Cassanelli, 2001 The Holy Shroud: a comparison between the Gospel narrative of the five stages of the Passion <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85244-351-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-85244-351-X">0-85244-351-X</a> p. 13 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELorenzen200313-361"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELorenzen200313_361-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLorenzen2003">Lorenzen 2003</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> Michael J. Cook, "Jewish Perspectives on Jesus", in Delbert Burkett (editor), The Blackwell Companion to Jesus, pp. 221–223 (Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9362-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9362-7">978-1-4051-9362-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> Gary R. Habermas, The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ, p. 205 (Thomas Nelson, Inc., 2008). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89900-732-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-89900-732-5">0-89900-732-5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> Dan, Joseph (2006). "Toledot Yeshu". In Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. Encyclopaedia Judaica. 20 (2nd ed.) pp. 28–29 </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> Van Voorst, Robert E (2000). Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence WmB Eerdmans Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4368-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-4368-9">0-8028-4368-9</a> p. 128 </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a> Michael J. Cook Jewish Perspectives on Jesus Chapter 14 in "The Blackwell Companion to Jesus" edited by Delbert Burkett 2011 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-2794-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-2794-6">978-1-4443-2794-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a> Kurt Rudolph, Gnosis: The Nature & History of Gnosticism, p. 190 (T & T Clark Ltd, 1970, second and expanded edition, 1980; 1998). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-567-08640-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-567-08640-2">0-567-08640-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surah_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Surah 4">Surah 4</a>:158 </li> <li id="cite_note-Qur'an,_Surah_4:157-369"><a href="#cite_ref-Qur'an,_Surah_4:157_369-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surah_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Surah 4">Surah 4</a>:157 </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli1954" class="citation web cs1">Ali, Sher (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218055344/https://www.alislam.org/quran/3:50">"Holy Qur'an - Arabic text and English translation"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alislam.org/quran/4:160">the original</a> on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alislam&rft.atitle=Holy+Qur%27an+-+Arabic+text+and+English+translation&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Sher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falislam.org%2Fquran%2F4%3A160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli1954" class="citation web cs1">Ali, Sher (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200402211113/https://www.alislam.org/quran/61:15">"Holy Qur'an - Arabic text and English translation"</a>. Alislam. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alislam.org/quran/61:15">the original</a> on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alislam&rft.atitle=Holy+Qur%27an+-+Arabic+text+and+English+translation&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Sher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falislam.org%2Fquran%2F61%3A15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220212123930/https://biblehub.com/deuteronomy/21-23.htm">"Deuteronomy 21:23"</a>. Biblehub. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/deuteronomy/21-23.htm">the original</a> on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblehub&rft.atitle=Deuteronomy+21%3A23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fdeuteronomy%2F21-23.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326151743/https://biblehub.com/john/10-16.htm">"John 10:16"</a>. Biblehub. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/john/10-16.htm">the original</a> on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblehub&rft.atitle=John+10%3A16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fjohn%2F10-16.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli1951" class="citation web cs1">Ali, Sher (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210330003627/https://www.alislam.org/quran/23:51">"Holy Qur'an - Arabic text and English translation"</a>. Alislam. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alislam.org/quran/23:51">the original</a> on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alislam&rft.atitle=Holy+Qur%27an+-+Arabic+text+and+English+translation&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Sher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falislam.org%2Fquran%2F23%3A51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt>Printed sources</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllison2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dale_Allison" title="Dale Allison">Allison, Dale C. Jr.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbGoAwAAQBAJ">Resurrecting Jesus: The Earliest Christian Tradition and Its Interpreters</a>. New York: T & T Clark International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567397454" title="Special:BookSources/9780567397454"><bdi>9780567397454</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resurrecting+Jesus%3A+The+Earliest+Christian+Tradition+and+Its+Interpreters&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=T+%26+T+Clark+International&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780567397454&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=Dale+C.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZbGoAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllison2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dale_Allison" title="Dale Allison">Allison, Dale C. Jr.</a> (2021). The Resurrection of Jesus: Apologetics, Polemics, History. New York: Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-5676-9757-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-5676-9757-8"><bdi>978-0-5676-9757-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Resurrection+of+Jesus%3A+Apologetics%2C+Polemics%2C+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-5676-9757-8&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=Dale+C.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAune2013" class="citation book cs1">Aune, David (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XT_nwOG-bwAC&pg=PA169">Jesus, Gospel Tradition and Paul in the Context of Jewish and Greco-Roman Antiquity</a>. Mohr Siebeck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783161523151" title="Special:BookSources/9783161523151"><bdi>9783161523151</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%2C+Gospel+Tradition+and+Paul+in+the+Context+of+Jewish+and+Greco-Roman+Antiquity&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9783161523151&rft.aulast=Aune&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXT_nwOG-bwAC%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauckham2008" class="citation book cs1">Bauckham, Richard (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3b2I8v2Gh8oC&pg=PA138">"The Fourth Gospel as the Testimony of the Beloved Disciple"</a>. In Bauckham, Richard; Mosser, Carl (eds.). The Gospel of John and Christian Theology. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802827173" title="Special:BookSources/9780802827173"><bdi>9780802827173</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Fourth+Gospel+as+the+Testimony+of+the+Beloved+Disciple&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+John+and+Christian+Theology&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780802827173&rft.aulast=Bauckham&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3b2I8v2Gh8oC%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartonMuddiman2010" class="citation cs2">Barton, John; Muddiman, John (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Frw8BAAAQBAJ&q=%22Paul+supports+the+notion%22%22resurrection+appearances%22&pg=PA122">The Pauline Epistles</a>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0191034664" title="Special:BookSources/978-0191034664"><bdi>978-0191034664</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pauline+Epistles&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0191034664&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Muddiman%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFrw8BAAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Paul%2Bsupports%2Bthe%2Bnotion%2522%2522resurrection%2Bappearances%2522%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Beck, W. David; Licona, Michael R. (2020). Raised on the Third Day: Defending the Historicity of the Resurrection of Jesus. Lexham Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781683594321" title="Special:BookSources/9781683594321">9781683594321</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeilbyEddy2009" class="citation cs2">Beilby, James K.; Eddy, Paul R. (2009), The Nature of the Atonement: Four Views, InterVarsity Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nature+of+the+Atonement%3A+Four+Views&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Beilby&rft.aufirst=James+K.&rft.au=Eddy%2C+Paul+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergeronHabermas2015" class="citation journal cs1">Bergeron, Joseph W.; Habermas, Gary R. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lts_fac_pubs/402">"The Resurrection of Jesus: A Clinical Review of Psychiatric Hypotheses for the Biblical Story of Easter"</a>. Irish Theological Quarterly. 80 (2): 157–172. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0021140014564555">10.1177/0021140014564555</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:165159439">165159439</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Theological+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Resurrection+of+Jesus%3A+A+Clinical+Review+of+Psychiatric+Hypotheses+for+the+Biblical+Story+of+Easter&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=157-172&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0021140014564555&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A165159439%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bergeron&rft.aufirst=Joseph+W.&rft.au=Habermas%2C+Gary+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.liberty.edu%2Flts_fac_pubs%2F402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergeron2012" class="citation journal cs1">Bergeron, Joseph W. (2012). "The Crucifixion of Jesus: Review of Hypothesized Mechanisms of Death and Implications of Shock and Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 19 (3): 113–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jflm.2011.06.001">10.1016/j.jflm.2011.06.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22390994">22390994</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forensic+and+Legal+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Crucifixion+of+Jesus%3A+Review+of+Hypothesized+Mechanisms+of+Death+and+Implications+of+Shock+and+Trauma-Induced+Coagulopathy&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=113-116&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jflm.2011.06.001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22390994&rft.aulast=Bergeron&rft.aufirst=Joseph+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlomberg1987" class="citation cs2">Blomberg, Craig L. (1987), The Historical Reliability of the Gospels, Leicester, UK: Inter-Varsity Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780877849926" title="Special:BookSources/9780877849926"><bdi>9780877849926</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/15415029">15415029</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Reliability+of+the+Gospels&rft.place=Leicester%2C+UK&rft.pub=Inter-Varsity+Press&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F15415029&rft.isbn=9780877849926&rft.aulast=Blomberg&rft.aufirst=Craig+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988">, 2nd ed. 2007</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBockmuehl2010" class="citation cs2">Bockmuehl, Markus N. A. (2010), The Remembered Peter: In Ancient Reception and Modern Debate, Mohr Siebeck</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Remembered+Peter%3A+In+Ancient+Reception+and+Modern+Debate&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Bockmuehl&rft.aufirst=Markus+N.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorgCrossan2006" class="citation book cs1">Borg, Marcus; Crossan, John Dominic (2006). The Last Week. 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(1973), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a0Ik5DuD01cC">The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus</a>, Paulist Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780809117680" title="Special:BookSources/9780809117680"><bdi>9780809117680</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Virginal+Conception+and+Bodily+Resurrection+of+Jesus&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9780809117680&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=R.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da0Ik5DuD01cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBultmann1963" class="citation cs2">Bultmann, Rudolf (1963), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofsynopti0000rudo/">The History of the Synoptic Tradition</a>, translated by John Marsh, Oxford: Basil Blackwell</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Synoptic+Tradition&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Bultmann&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofsynopti0000rudo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurkett2002" class="citation cs2">Burkett, Delbert (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EcsQknxV-xQC&q=%2213+The+Gospel+of+Luke%22&pg=PA195">An introduction to the New Testament and the origins of Christianity</a>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521007207" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521007207"><bdi>978-0521007207</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+the+New+Testament+and+the+origins+of+Christianity&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0521007207&rft.aulast=Burkett&rft.aufirst=Delbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEcsQknxV-xQC%26q%3D%252213%2BThe%2BGospel%2Bof%2BLuke%2522%26pg%3DPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum1996" class="citation book cs1">Bynum, Caroline Walerk (1996). The Resurrection of the Body in Western Christianity, 200–1336. New York: Columbia University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Resurrection+of+the+Body+in+Western+Christianity%2C+200%E2%80%931336&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Caroline+Walerk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasey2010" class="citation book cs1">Casey, Maurice (30 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lXK0auknD0YC">Jesus of Nazareth: An Independent Historian's Account of His Life and Teaching</a>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-64517-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-64517-3"><bdi>978-0-567-64517-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+of+Nazareth%3A+An+Independent+Historian%27s+Account+of+His+Life+and+Teaching&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2010-12-30&rft.isbn=978-0-567-64517-3&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlXK0auknD0YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlesworth2008" class="citation cs2">Charlesworth, James H. (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&q=%22The+composition+of+Luke-Acts%22%2C%22usually+dated+around+80-90%22%2C%22perhaps+between+90+and+110%22&pg=PT64">The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide</a>, Abingdon Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1426724756" title="Special:BookSources/978-1426724756"><bdi>978-1426724756</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Jesus%3A+An+Essential+Guide&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1426724756&rft.aulast=Charlesworth&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYTIGy5t45WgC%26q%3D%2522The%2Bcomposition%2Bof%2BLuke-Acts%2522%252C%2522usually%2Bdated%2Baround%2B80-90%2522%252C%2522perhaps%2Bbetween%2B90%2Band%2B110%2522%26pg%3DPT64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharry1999" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Charry" title="Ellen Charry">Charry, Ellen T.</a> (1999), By the Renewing of Your Minds: The Pastoral Function of Christian Doctrine, Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By+the+Renewing+of+Your+Minds%3A+The+Pastoral+Function+of+Christian+Doctrine&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Charry&rft.aufirst=Ellen+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChester2007" class="citation cs2">Chester, Andrew (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0YJ3nxSYf0QC&q=%22Jesus+is+exalted+in+the+heavenly+world%22&pg=PA394">Messiah and Exaltation: Jewish Messianic and Visionary Traditions and New Testament Christology</a>, Mohr Siebeck, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3161490910" title="Special:BookSources/978-3161490910"><bdi>978-3161490910</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messiah+and+Exaltation%3A+Jewish+Messianic+and+Visionary+Traditions+and+New+Testament+Christology&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3161490910&rft.aulast=Chester&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0YJ3nxSYf0QC%26q%3D%2522Jesus%2Bis%2Bexalted%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bheavenly%2Bworld%2522%26pg%3DPA394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2009" class="citation cs2">Collins, Adela Yarbro (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GCRjbbjW39EC&q=%22the+appearance+to+Proculus+Julius+is+similar%22&pg=PA46">"Ancient Notions of Transferal and Apotheosis"</a>, in Seim, Turid Karlsen; Økland, Jorunn (eds.), Metamorphoses: Resurrection, Body and Transformative Practices in Early Christianity, Walter de Gruyter, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3110202991" title="Special:BookSources/978-3110202991"><bdi>978-3110202991</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ancient+Notions+of+Transferal+and+Apotheosis&rft.btitle=Metamorphoses%3A+Resurrection%2C+Body+and+Transformative+Practices+in+Early+Christianity&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3110202991&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Adela+Yarbro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGCRjbbjW39EC%26q%3D%2522the%2Bappearance%2Bto%2BProculus%2BJulius%2Bis%2Bsimilar%2522%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Conick2006" class="citation cs2">De Conick, April D. (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KUJ630m-CcwC&q=%22ecstatic+experiences%22%22in+the+form+of+rapture+events%22&pg=PA6">"What Is Early Christian and Jewish Mysticism?"</a>, in De Conick, April D. (ed.), Paradise Now: Essays on Early Jewish and Christian Mysticism, SBL, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1589832572" title="Special:BookSources/978-1589832572"><bdi>978-1589832572</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+Is+Early+Christian+and+Jewish+Mysticism%3F&rft.btitle=Paradise+Now%3A+Essays+on+Early+Jewish+and+Christian+Mysticism&rft.pub=SBL&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1589832572&rft.aulast=De+Conick&rft.aufirst=April+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKUJ630m-CcwC%26q%3D%2522ecstatic%2Bexperiences%2522%2522in%2Bthe%2Bform%2Bof%2Brapture%2Bevents%2522%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotter2001" class="citation cs2">Cotter, Wendy (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E8lZ7BXzt0sC&q=%22the+Matthean+gospel+concludes+with+a+report%22&pg=PA127">"Greco-Roman Apotheosis Traditions and the Resurrection in Matthew"</a>, in Thompson, William G. (ed.), The Gospel of Matthew in Current Study, Eerdmans, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802846730" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802846730"><bdi>978-0802846730</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greco-Roman+Apotheosis+Traditions+and+the+Resurrection+in+Matthew&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+Matthew+in+Current+Study&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0802846730&rft.aulast=Cotter&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE8lZ7BXzt0sC%26q%3D%2522the%2BMatthean%2Bgospel%2Bconcludes%2Bwith%2Ba%2Breport%2522%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig2014" class="citation book cs1">Craig, William Lane (2014). Did Jesus Rise From the Dead. Impact 360 Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780991597710" title="Special:BookSources/9780991597710"><bdi>9780991597710</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Did+Jesus+Rise+From+the+Dead&rft.pub=Impact+360+Institute&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780991597710&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=William+Lane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossan2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Dominic_Crossan" title="John Dominic Crossan">Crossan, John Dominic</a> (2009). Jesus: A Revolutionary Biography.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%3A+A+Revolutionary+Biography&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Crossan&rft.aufirst=John+Dominic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2017" class="citation journal cs1">Cook, John Granger (January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002868851600028X">"Resurrection in Paganism and the Question of an Empty Tomb in 1 Corinthians 15"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Testament_Studies" title="New Testament Studies">New Testament Studies</a>. 63 (1): 56–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002868851600028X">10.1017/S002868851600028X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Testament+Studies&rft.atitle=Resurrection+in+Paganism+and+the+Question+of+an+Empty+Tomb+in+1+Corinthians+15&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=56-75&rft.date=2017-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS002868851600028X&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=John+Granger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS002868851600028X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Cook, John Granger (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.harding.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=wyatt-sawyer-sermons">"Resurrection of Jesus Christ"</a>. In Hunter, David G.; van Geest, Paul J. J.; Lietaert Peerbolte, Bert Jan (eds.). Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F2589-7993_EECO_SIM_00002960">10.1163/2589-7993_EECO_SIM_00002960</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2589-7993">2589-7993</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Resurrection+of+Jesus+Christ&rft.btitle=Brill+Encyclopedia+of+Early+Christianity+Online&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F2589-7993_EECO_SIM_00002960&rft.issn=2589-7993&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=John+Granger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.harding.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1011%26context%3Dwyatt-sawyer-sermons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisKendallO'Collins1997" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Stephen T.; Kendall, Daniel; O'Collins, Gerald, eds. (1997). The Resurrection: An Interdisciplinary Symposium on the Resurrection of Jesus. OUP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191518379" title="Special:BookSources/9780191518379"><bdi>9780191518379</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Resurrection%3A+An+Interdisciplinary+Symposium+on+the+Resurrection+of+Jesus&rft.pub=OUP&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780191518379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDijkhuizen2011" class="citation journal cs1">Dijkhuizen, Petra (2011). "Buried Shamefully: Historical Reconstruction of Jesus' Burial and Tomb". 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"How Empty Was the Tomb?". <a href="/wiki/Journal_for_the_Study_of_the_New_Testament" title="Journal for the Study of the New Testament">Journal for the Study of the New Testament</a>. 44 (1). <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>: 134–148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0142064X211023714">10.1177/0142064X211023714</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1745-5294">1745-5294</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:236233486">236233486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+the+New+Testament&rft.atitle=How+Empty+Was+the+Tomb%3F&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=134-148&rft.date=2021-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A236233486%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1745-5294&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0142064X211023714&rft.aulast=Goodacre&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabermas2005" class="citation journal cs1">Habermas, Gary (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=sor_fac_pubs">"Resurrection Research From 1975 to the Present: What are Critical Scholars Saying?"</a>. 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B&H Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-0877-7861-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-0877-7861-7"><bdi>978-1-0877-7861-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Resurrection%2C+Volume+1%3A+Evidences&rft.pub=B%26H+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1-0877-7861-7&rft.aulast=Habermas&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZcvsEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFaf_Hällström1988" class="citation book cs1">af Hällström, Gunnar (1988). Carnis Resurrection: The Interpretation of a Credal Formula. Societas Scientiarum Fennica= Helsinki.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carnis+Resurrection%3A+The+Interpretation+of+a+Credal+Formula&rft.pub=Societas+Scientiarum+Fennica%3D+Helsinki&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=af+H%C3%A4llstr%C3%B6m&rft.aufirst=Gunnar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrington2004" class="citation book cs1">Harrington, Daniel J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LQqpXA9h8-AC&pg=PA54">What Are they Saying About Mark?</a>. Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780809142637" title="Special:BookSources/9780809142637"><bdi>9780809142637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Are+they+Saying+About+Mark%3F&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780809142637&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLQqpXA9h8-AC%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrington1991" class="citation book cs1">Harrington, Daniel J. (1991). The Gospel of Matthew. 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Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4674-4874-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4674-4874-1"><bdi>978-1-4674-4874-1</bdi></a>. 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The Catholic Biblical Quarterly. 40 (3): 351–67. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43715560">43715560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Catholic+Biblical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=An+Analysis+of+the+Pre-Pauline+Formula+1+Cor+15%3A+3b-5+In+Light+of+Some+Recent+Literature&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=351-67&rft.date=1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43715560%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kloppenborg&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43715560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKubitza2016" class="citation cs2">Kubitza, Heinz-Werner (2016), The Jesus Delusion: How the Christians created their God: The demystification of a world religion through scientific research, Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jesus+Delusion%3A+How+the+Christians+created+their+God%3A+The+demystification+of+a+world+religion+through+scientific+research&rft.pub=Tectum+Wissenschaftsverlag&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Kubitza&rft.aufirst=Heinz-Werner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehtipuu2015" class="citation cs2">Lehtipuu, Outi (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0uZcBgAAQBAJ&q=%22belief+in+resurrection+was+far+from+being+an+established+doctrine%22&pg=PA32">Debates Over the Resurrection of the Dead: Constructing Early Christian Identity</a>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198724810" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198724810"><bdi>978-0198724810</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debates+Over+the+Resurrection+of+the+Dead%3A+Constructing+Early+Christian+Identity&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0198724810&rft.aulast=Lehtipuu&rft.aufirst=Outi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0uZcBgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522belief%2Bin%2Bresurrection%2Bwas%2Bfar%2Bfrom%2Bbeing%2Ban%2Bestablished%2Bdoctrine%2522%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeman2015" class="citation cs2">Leman, Johan (2015), Van totem tot verrezen Heer. 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Die Auferstehung historisch betrachtet (in German). Stuttgart: Radius-Verlag. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783871730337" title="Special:BookSources/9783871730337"><bdi>9783871730337</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1404522476">1404522476</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Was+mit+Jesus+wirklich+geschah.+Die+Auferstehung+historisch+betrachtet&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Radius-Verlag&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1404522476&rft.isbn=9783871730337&rft.aulast=L%C3%BCdemann&rft.aufirst=Gerd&rft.au=%C3%96zen%2C+Alf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> (ISBN-10: 3871730335) (URL retrieved on October 20, 2024)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLüdemannÖzenvan_der_Vinne1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lüdemann, Gerd; Özen, Alf; van der Vinne, Harmina (1996). De opstanding van Jezus. Een historische benadering (in Dutch). Ten Have; Averbode, <a href="/wiki/Baarn" title="Baarn">Baarn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Averbode_(publisher)" title="Averbode (publisher)">Averbode</a>, cop. 1996. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-259-4665-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-259-4665-8"><bdi>90-259-4665-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/68765000">68765000</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+opstanding+van+Jezus.+Een+historische+benadering&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Ten+Have%3B+Averbode%2C+Baarn%2C+Averbode%2C+cop.+1996&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F68765000&rft.isbn=90-259-4665-8&rft.aulast=L%C3%BCdemann&rft.aufirst=Gerd&rft.au=%C3%96zen%2C+Alf&rft.au=van+der+Vinne%2C+Harmina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> (URL retrieved on October 20, 2024);</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLüdemann2004" class="citation book cs1">Lüdemann, Gerd (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/resurrectionofch0000ldem">The Resurrection of Christ: A Historical Inquiry</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amherst,_New_York" title="Amherst, New York">Amherst, NY</a>: <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Books" title="Prometheus Books">Prometheus Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/55228734">55228734</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Resurrection+of+Christ%3A+A+Historical+Inquiry&rft.place=Amherst%2C+NY&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F55228734&rft.aulast=L%C3%BCdemann&rft.aufirst=Gerd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fresurrectionofch0000ldem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> (URL retrieved on October 20,2 2024)</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMack1995" class="citation cs2">Mack, Burton L. (1995) [1995], Who Wrote the New Testament? The Making of the Christian Myth</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Wrote+the+New+Testament%3F+The+Making+of+the+Christian+Myth&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=Burton+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMack1997" class="citation cs2">Mack, Burton L. (1997) [1995], Wie schreven het Nieuwe Testament werkelijk? Feiten, mythen en motieven. (Who Wrote the New Testament? The Making of the Christian Myth), Uitgeverij Ankh-Hermes bv</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wie+schreven+het+Nieuwe+Testament+werkelijk%3F+Feiten%2C+mythen+en+motieven.+%28Who+Wrote+the+New+Testament%3F+The+Making+of+the+Christian+Myth%29&rft.pub=Uitgeverij+Ankh-Hermes+bv&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=Burton+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagness2005" class="citation journal cs1">Magness, Jodi (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30040993">"Ossuaries and the Burials of Jesus and James"</a>. Journal of Biblical Literature. 124 (1): 121–154. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F30040993">10.2307/30040993</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9231">0021-9231</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30040993">30040993</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.atitle=Ossuaries+and+the+Burials+of+Jesus+and+James&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=121-154&rft.date=2005&rft.issn=0021-9231&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30040993%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F30040993&rft.aulast=Magness&rft.aufirst=Jodi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30040993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason2001" class="citation cs2">Mason, Steve (2001), Flavius Josephus on the Pharisees: A Composition-Critical Study, BRILL</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flavius+Josephus+on+the+Pharisees%3A+A+Composition-Critical+Study&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCane2003" class="citation book cs1">McCane, Byron (2003). Roll Back the Stone: Death and Burial in the World of Jesus. A&C Black.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roll+Back+the+Stone%3A+Death+and+Burial+in+the+World+of+Jesus&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=McCane&rft.aufirst=Byron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrath2011" class="citation cs2">McGrath, Alister E. 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In Levine, Amy-Jill (ed.). Feminist Companion to Matthew. 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Psyche: The Cult of Souls and Belief in Immortality among the Greeks. New York: Harper & Row.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psyche%3A+The+Cult+of+Souls+and+Belief+in+Immortality+among+the+Greeks&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Rohde&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders1993" class="citation book cs1">Sanders, E.P. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lkbTL36ZgPIC&q=%22That+Jesus%E2%80%99+followers+%28and+later+Paul%29+had+resurrection+experiences+is%2C+in+my+judgment%2C+a+fact%22">The Historical Figure of Jesus</a>. Penguin UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0191034664" title="Special:BookSources/978-0191034664"><bdi>978-0191034664</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Figure+of+Jesus&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0191034664&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=E.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlkbTL36ZgPIC%26q%3D%2522That%2BJesus%25E2%2580%2599%2Bfollowers%2B%2528and%2Blater%2BPaul%2529%2Bhad%2Bresurrection%2Bexperiences%2Bis%252C%2Bin%2Bmy%2Bjudgment%252C%2Ba%2Bfact%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchäfer2003" class="citation book cs1">Schäfer, Peter (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-0aBAgAAQBAJ&q=%22Belief+in+resurrection+only+began+to+develop+towards+the+end+of+the+biblical+era%22&pg=PA72">The History of the Jews in the Greco-Roman World</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1134403165" title="Special:BookSources/978-1134403165"><bdi>978-1134403165</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Jews+in+the+Greco-Roman+World&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1134403165&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%A4fer&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-0aBAgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Belief%2Bin%2Bresurrection%2Bonly%2Bbegan%2Bto%2Bdevelop%2Btowards%2Bthe%2Bend%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bbiblical%2Bera%2522%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeesengoodKoosed2013" class="citation book cs1">Seesengood, Robert; Koosed, Jennifer L. 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Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567515261" title="Special:BookSources/9780567515261"><bdi>9780567515261</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse%27s+Lineage%3A+The+Legendary+Lives+of+David%2C+Jesus%2C+and+Jesse+James&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780567515261&rft.aulast=Seesengood&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Koosed%2C+Jennifer+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO9oFBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheehan1986" class="citation cs2">Sheehan, Thomas (1986), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstcominghowth00shee">The First Coming: How the Kingdom of God Became Christianity</a>, Random House, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0394511986" title="Special:BookSources/978-0394511986"><bdi>978-0394511986</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Coming%3A+How+the+Kingdom+of+God+Became+Christianity&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0394511986&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstcominghowth00shee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiniscalchi2011" class="citation journal cs1">Siniscalchi, Glenn B. 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Crown Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385525633" title="Special:BookSources/9780385525633"><bdi>9780385525633</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Resurrection%3A+History+and+Myth&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780385525633&rft.aulast=Vermes&rft.aufirst=Geza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVermes2008a" class="citation cs2">Vermes, Geza (2008a), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1PYcnn9WxVcC">The Resurrection</a>, London: Penguin, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780141912639" title="Special:BookSources/9780141912639"><bdi>9780141912639</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Resurrection&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780141912639&rft.aulast=Vermes&rft.aufirst=Geza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1PYcnn9WxVcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVermes2008b" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_Vermes" title="Géza Vermes">Vermes, Geza</a> (2008b), The Resurrection: History and Myth, New York: Doubleday, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7394-9969-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7394-9969-6"><bdi>978-0-7394-9969-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Resurrection%3A+History+and+Myth&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7394-9969-6&rft.aulast=Vermes&rft.aufirst=Geza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Voorst2000" class="citation book cs1">Van Voorst, Robert E. 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Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Resurrection&rft.place=Peabody%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Hendrickson+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Wedderburn&rft.aufirst=A.J.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2013" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Guy J. (March 2013). Lawrence, Louise (ed.). "Narrative Space, Angelic Revelation, and the End of Mark's Gospel". <a href="/wiki/Journal_for_the_Study_of_the_New_Testament" title="Journal for the Study of the New Testament">Journal for the Study of the New Testament</a>. 35 (3). <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>: 263–284. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0142064X12472118">10.1177/0142064X12472118</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1745-5294">1745-5294</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:171065040">171065040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+the+New+Testament&rft.atitle=Narrative+Space%2C+Angelic+Revelation%2C+and+the+End+of+Mark%27s+Gospel&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=263-284&rft.date=2013-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A171065040%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1745-5294&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0142064X12472118&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Guy+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2011" class="citation cs2">Wilson, Barrie (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RoPjQ3lVFTYC">How Jesus Became Christian</a>, Hachette UK, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780222066" title="Special:BookSources/9781780222066"><bdi>9781780222066</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Jesus+Became+Christian&rft.pub=Hachette+UK&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781780222066&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Barrie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRoPjQ3lVFTYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2003" class="citation cs2">Wright, N.T. 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McGrath (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patheos.com/blogs/religionprof/2007/12/whats-wrong-with-penal-substitution.html">What's Wrong With Penal Substitution?</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntwrightpage.com/2016/07/12/jesus-resurrection-and-christian-origins/">"Jesus' Resurrection and Christian Origins, N.T. 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Brown (august3, 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patheos.com/blogs/thechristianrevolution/2018/08/the-resurrection-of-the-body-spiritual-physical-both-actually/">The Resurrection of the Body: Spiritual? Physical? Both, Actually.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Habermas.Flew-194"><a href="#cite_ref-Habermas.Flew_194-0">^</a> John Ankerberg and Gary Habermas (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.mycrashlab.com/articles/guests-and-authors/dr-gary-habermas/the-resurrection-of-jesus-christ-was-it-physical-or-spiritual/">The Resurrection of Jesus Christ: Was it Physical or Spiritual?</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-BE_2013.02.14-243">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BE_2013.02.14_243-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BE_2013.02.14_243-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BE_2013.02.14_243-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bart_D._Ehrman" title="Bart D. Ehrman">Ehrman, Bart D.</a> (14 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ehrmanblog.org/incarnation-christology-angels-and-paul-for-members/">"Incarnation Christology, Angels, and Paul"</a>. The Bart Ehrman Blog. Retrieved 2 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bart+Ehrman+Blog&rft.atitle=Incarnation+Christology%2C+Angels%2C+and+Paul&rft.date=2013-02-14&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fehrmanblog.org%2Fincarnation-christology-angels-and-paul-for-members%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hurtado.2017-249"><a href="#cite_ref-Hurtado.2017_249-0">^</a> Larry Hurtado, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://larryhurtado.wordpress.com/2017/10/09/the-origin-of-divine-christology/">The Origin of "Divine Christology"?</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bouma.2014-261"><a href="#cite_ref-Bouma.2014_261-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouma2014" class="citation web cs1">Bouma, Jeremy (27 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zondervanacademic.com/blog/how-god-became-jesus-bart-ehrman-high-christology-excerpt/">"The Early High Christology Club and Bart Ehrman – An Excerpt from 'How God Became Jesus'"</a>. Zondervan Academic Blog. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a> Christian Publishing. Retrieved 2 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zondervan+Academic+Blog&rft.atitle=The+Early+High+Christology+Club+and+Bart+Ehrman+%E2%80%93+An+Excerpt+from+%27How+God+Became+Jesus%27&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft.aulast=Bouma&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzondervanacademic.com%2Fblog%2Fhow-god-became-jesus-bart-ehrman-high-christology-excerpt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResurrection+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> Larry Hurtado (10 July 2015 ), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://larryhurtado.wordpress.com/2015/07/10/early-high-christology-a-paradigm-shift-new-perspective/">"'Early High Christology': A 'Paradigm Shift'? 'New Perspective'?"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ehrman.Lüdemann-283"><a href="#cite_ref-Ehrman.Lüdemann_283-0">^</a> Bart Ehrman (5 October 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ehrmanblog.org/gerd-ludemann-on-the-resurrection-of-jesus-for-members/">Gerd Lüdemann on the Resurrection of Jesus</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peterson-301"><a href="#cite_ref-Peterson_301-0">^</a> David G. Peterson (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://davidgpeterson.com/atonement/atonement-in-pauls-writings/">Atonement in Paul's writing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321181957/http://davidgpeterson.com/atonement/atonement-in-pauls-writings/">Archived</a> 21 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cobb-302"><a href="#cite_ref-Cobb_302-0">^</a> John B. Cobb, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.religion-online.org/article/did-paul-teach-the-doctrine-of-the-atonement/">Did Paul Teach the Doctrine of the Atonement?</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB.Paul-305">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB.Paul_305-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB.Paul_305-1">b</a> E. P. 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Sanders and the New Perspective on Paul</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurrection_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Resurrection_of_Christ" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Resurrection of Christ">Resurrection of Christ</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div 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href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_of_the_birth_of_Jesus" title="Date of the birth of Jesus">Date of birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infancy_gospels" title="Infancy gospels">Infancy</a> (apocryphal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_years_of_Jesus" title="Unknown years of Jesus">Unknown years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Selecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayers_of_Jesus" title="Prayers of Jesus">Prayers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_of_Jesus" title="Homelessness of Jesus">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">Betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings on the cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_gospel_traditions" title="Oral gospel traditions">Oral gospel traditions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Historical background of the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion_on_Jesus" title="Mara bar Serapion on Jesus">Mara bar Serapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Gospels</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Christ myth theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Jesus" title="List of books about Jesus">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Jesus" title="List of statues of Jesus">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art">Transfiguration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology#Person_of_Christ" title="Christology">Person of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Christ" title="Cosmic Christ">Cosmic Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">In other faiths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">In comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">In the Talmud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus#Baháʼí_Faith" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Jesus the Splendour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Jesus" title="Master Jesus">Master Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> (legal father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Abdes_Pantera" title="Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera">Panthera</a> (alleged father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Kinship" title="Holy Kinship">Holy Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Anne</a> (traditional maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim" title="Joachim">Joachim</a> (traditional maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli_(biblical_figure)" title="Heli (biblical figure)">Heli</a> (paternal grandfather per Luke)</li> <li>Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_bloodline" title="Jesus bloodline">Descendants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a> (traditional uncle)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" title="Jesus's interactions with women">Interactions with women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_Jesus" title="Rejection of Jesus">Rejection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Race and appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_marital_status_of_Jesus" title="Sexuality and marital status of Jesus">Sexuality and marital status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jesus" title="Category:Jesus">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Miracles_of_Jesus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Template:Miracles of Jesus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Template talk:Miracles of Jesus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Miracles of Jesus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Miracles_of_Jesus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles of Jesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Control of nature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_at_Cana" title="Wedding at Cana">Wedding at Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miraculous_catch_of_fish" title="Miraculous catch of fish">Miraculous catch of fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_in_the_fish%27s_mouth" title="Coin in the fish's mouth">Coin in the fish's mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the multitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursing_the_fig_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Cursing the fig tree">Cursing the fig tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">Calming the storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_walking_on_water" title="Jesus walking on water">Jesus walking on water</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Mielno_witraz_Przemienienie_Chrystusa_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mielno_witraz_Przemienienie_Chrystusa_2.jpg/100px-Mielno_witraz_Przemienienie_Chrystusa_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mielno_witraz_Przemienienie_Chrystusa_2.jpg/150px-Mielno_witraz_Przemienienie_Chrystusa_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mielno_witraz_Przemienienie_Chrystusa_2.jpg/200px-Mielno_witraz_Przemienienie_Chrystusa_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="1945" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_healing_the_bleeding_woman" title="Jesus healing the bleeding woman">Jesus healing the bleeding woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_man_of_Bethsaida" title="Blind man of Bethsaida">Blind man of Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_blind_near_Jericho" title="Healing the blind near Jericho">Healing the blind near Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_two_blind_men_in_Galilee" title="Healing the two blind men in Galilee">Healing the two blind men in Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_centurion%27s_servant" title="Healing the centurion's servant">Healing the centurion's servant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_cleansing_a_leper" title="Jesus cleansing a leper">Jesus cleansing a leper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleansing_ten_lepers" title="Cleansing ten lepers">Cleansing ten lepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_deaf_mute_of_Decapolis" title="Healing the deaf mute of Decapolis">Healing the deaf mute of Decapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_a_man_with_dropsy" title="Healing a man with dropsy">Healing a man with dropsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_healing_in_the_land_of_Gennesaret" title="Jesus healing in the land of Gennesaret">Jesus healing in the land of Gennesaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_healing_an_infirm_woman" title="Jesus healing an infirm woman">Jesus healing an infirm woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_man_blind_from_birth" title="Healing the man blind from birth">Healing the man blind from birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_mother_of_Peter%27s_wife" title="Healing the mother of Peter's wife">Healing the mother of Peter's wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_paralytic_at_Bethesda" title="Healing the paralytic at Bethesda">Healing the paralytic at Bethesda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_paralytic_at_Capernaum" title="Healing the paralytic at Capernaum">Healing the paralytic at Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_royal_official%27s_son" title="Healing the royal official's son">Healing the royal official's son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_ear_of_a_servant" title="Healing the ear of a servant">Healing the ear of a servant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_man_with_a_withered_hand" title="Healing the man with a withered hand">Healing the man with a withered hand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exorcisms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_synagogue_of_Capernaum" title="Jesus in the synagogue of Capernaum">Jesus in the synagogue of Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_exorcising_at_sunset" title="Jesus exorcising at sunset">Jesus exorcising at sunset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_of_the_Gerasene_demoniac" title="Exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac">Exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_exorcising_a_mute" title="Jesus exorcising a mute">Jesus exorcising a mute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcising_the_blind_and_mute_man" title="Exorcising the blind and mute man">Exorcising the blind and mute man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_of_the_Syrophoenician_woman%27s_daughter" title="Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter">Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcising_a_boy_possessed_by_a_demon" title="Exorcising a boy possessed by a demon">Exorcising a boy possessed by a demon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Raising the dead</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_the_son_of_the_widow_of_Nain" title="Raising of the son of the widow of Nain">Raising of the son of the widow of Nain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Jairus%27_daughter" title="Raising of Jairus' daughter">Raising of Jairus' daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus of Bethany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration of Jesus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resurrection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">Miracle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Easter_and_its_cycle" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Easter" title="Template:Easter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Easter" title="Template talk:Easter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Easter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Easter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Easter_and_its_cycle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Easter_cycle" title="Easter cycle">its cycle</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Lent" title="Pre-Lent">Pre-Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagesima" title="Sexagesima">Sexagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquagesima" title="Quinquagesima">Quinquagesima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shrovetide" title="Shrovetide">Shrovetide</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrove_Monday" title="Shrove Monday">Shrove Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrove_Tuesday" title="Shrove Tuesday">Shrove Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Face_of_Jesus" title="Holy Face of Jesus">Holy Face of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastelavn" title="Fastelavn">Fastelavn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslenitsa" title="Maslenitsa">Maslenitsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Lent proper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sunday_of_Lent" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sunday of Lent">First Sunday of Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Ember days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">Laetare Sunday</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mothering_Sunday" title="Mothering Sunday">Mothering Sunday</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">Passion Sunday</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lenten_veil" title="Lenten veil">Lenten veil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenten_shrouds" title="Lenten shrouds">Lenten shrouds</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday_of_Sorrows" title="Friday of Sorrows">Friday of Sorrows</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ave_Regina_caelorum" title="Ave Regina caelorum">Ave Regina caelorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_(music)" title="Passion (music)">Passion (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Passion_hymns" title="List of Passion hymns">Passion hymns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater" title="Stabat Mater">Stabat Mater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Ferias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Monday" title="Holy Monday">Holy Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Tuesday" title="Holy Tuesday">Holy Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Wednesday" title="Holy Wednesday">Holy Wednesday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrae" title="Tenebrae">Tenebrae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Maundy Thursday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crotalus_(instrument)" title="Crotalus (instrument)">Crotalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper_in_Christian_art" title="Last Supper in Christian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripping_of_the_Altar" title="Stripping of the Altar">Stripping of the Altar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi">Arma Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descent_from_the_Cross" title="Descent from the Cross">Descent from the Cross</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamentation_of_Christ" title="Lamentation of Christ">Lamentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaphios_(liturgical)" title="Epitaphios (liturgical)">Epitaphios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaphios_Thrinos" title="Epitaphios Thrinos">Encomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0" title="Pietà">Pietà</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Sepulchre" title="Easter Sepulchre">Easter Sepulchre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_prayer" title="Good Friday prayer">Good Friday prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_prayer_for_the_Jews" title="Good Friday prayer for the Jews">for the Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorzkie_%C5%BCale" title="Gorzkie żale">Gorzkie żale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell" title="Harrowing of Hell">Harrowing of Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99conka" title="Święconka">Święconka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_candle" title="Paschal candle">Paschal candle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Fire" title="Holy Fire">Holy Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumen_Christi" title="Lumen Christi">Lumen Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exsultet" title="Exsultet">Exsultet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artos" title="Artos">Artos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Christian_Initiation_of_Adults" class="mw-redirect" title="Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults">Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Judas" title="Burning of Judas">Burning of Judas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_procession" title="Holy Week procession">Processions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Colombia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Popay%C3%A1n" title="Holy Week in Popayán">Popayán</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala" title="Holy Week processions in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Barcellona_Pozzo_di_Gotto" title="Holy Week in Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto">Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Ruvo_di_Puglia" title="Holy Week in Ruvo di Puglia">Ruvo di Puglia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Week in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Mexico" title="Holy Week in Mexico">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Taxco" title="Holy Week in Taxco">Taxco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_the_Philippines" title="Holy Week in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Braga" title="Holy Week in Braga">Braga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Spain" title="Holy Week in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Cuenca" title="Holy Week in Cuenca">Cuenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_M%C3%A1laga" title="Holy Week in Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Salamanca" title="Holy Week in Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_La_Laguna" title="Holy Week in San Cristóbal de La Laguna">San Cristóbal de La Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Santa_Cruz_de_La_Palma" title="Holy Week in Santa Cruz de La Palma">Santa Cruz de La Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Seville" title="Holy Week in Seville">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Valladolid" title="Holy Week in Valladolid">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Viveiro" title="Holy Week in Viveiro">Viveiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Zamora" title="Holy Week in Zamora">Zamora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Day" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Day</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resurrection of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art">Art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrhbearers" title="Myrrhbearers">Myrrhbearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_to_Emmaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Road to Emmaus">Road to Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Homily" title="Paschal Homily">Paschal Homily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_service" title="Sunrise service">Sunrise service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Date_of_Easter" title="Date of Easter">Date</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dates_for_Easter" title="List of dates for Easter">List of dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_of_Easter" title="Date of Easter">Calculation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Liturgical features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alleluia" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostarion" title="Pentecostarion">Pentecostarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_trikirion" title="Paschal trikirion">Trikirion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bright_Week" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Bright_Week" title="Bright Week">Bright Week</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Amigus-dyngus" title="Śmigus-dyngus">Śmigus-dyngus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_whip" title="Easter whip">Easter whip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Tuesday" title="Easter Tuesday">Easter Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Wednesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Wednesday">Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Thursday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Thursday">Thursday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Friday" title="Easter Friday">Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Saturday" title="Easter Saturday">Saturday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Second Sunday of Easter">Second Sunday of Easter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doubting_Thomas" title="Doubting Thomas">Doubting Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_Sunday" title="Divine Mercy Sunday">Divine Mercy Sunday</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radonitsa" title="Radonitsa">Radonitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Third Sunday of Easter">Third Sunday of Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fourth Sunday of Easter">Fourth Sunday of Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Pentecost" title="Mid-Pentecost">Mid-Pentecost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fifth Sunday of Easter">Fifth Sunday of Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogation_days" title="Rogation days">Rogation days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Ascensiontide" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascensiontide">Ascensiontide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Ascension of Jesus in Christian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Feast of the Ascension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenacle" title="Cenacle">Cenacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novena" title="Novena">Novena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias the Apostle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter_traditions" title="Easter traditions">Traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_basket" title="Easter basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_bonnet" title="Easter bonnet">Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Bunny" title="Easter Bunny">Bunny</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Bilby" title="Easter Bilby">Bilby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_seals_(philately)" title="Easter seals (philately)">Easter seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_food" title="Easter food">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_greeting" title="Paschal greeting">Greeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_parade" title="Easter parade">Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_Egg_play" title="Pace Egg play">Pace Egg play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_postcard" title="Easter postcard">Postcard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouketopolemos" title="Rouketopolemos">Rouketopolemos</a></li> <li>Saitopolemos</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoppio_del_carro" title="Scoppio del carro">Scoppio del carro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter_egg" title="Easter egg">Easter eggs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_dance" title="Egg dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_decorating" title="Egg decorating">Decorating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_decorating_in_Slavic_culture" title="Egg decorating in Slavic culture">in Slavic culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_rolling" title="Egg rolling">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_hunt" title="Egg hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osterbrunnen" title="Osterbrunnen">Osterbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tapping" title="Egg tapping">Tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_egg_tree" title="Easter egg tree">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tossing" title="Egg tossing">Tossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pisanica_(Croatian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisanica (Croatian)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisanka_(Polish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisanka (Polish)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pysanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Pysanka">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasika" title="Fasika">Ethiopia and Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_in_Italy" title="Easter in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_in_Latvia" title="Easter in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_in_Poland" title="Easter in Poland">Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Pre-Christian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%92ostre" title="Ēostre">Ēostre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Oratorio" title="Easter Oratorio">Easter Oratorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Will_Mention_the_Loving-kindnesses" title="I Will Mention the Loving-kindnesses">I Will Mention the Loving-kindnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Easter_Festival_Overture" title="Russian Easter Festival Overture">Russian Easter Festival Overture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Easter_Festival" title="Salzburg Easter Festival">Salzburg Easter Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Liturgical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regina_caeli" title="Regina caeli">Regina caeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_troparion" title="Paschal troparion">Troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimae_paschali_laudes" title="Victimae paschali laudes">Victimae paschali laudes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Cantatas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleib_bei_uns,_denn_es_will_Abend_werden,_BWV_6" title="Bleib bei uns, denn es will Abend werden, BWV 6">Bleib bei uns, denn es will Abend werden, BWV 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_lag_in_Todes_Banden,_BWV_4" title="Christ lag in Todes Banden, BWV 4">Christ lag in Todes Banden, BWV 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Friede_sei_mit_dir,_BWV_158" title="Der Friede sei mit dir, BWV 158">Der Friede sei mit dir, BWV 158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Himmel_lacht!_Die_Erde_jubilieret,_BWV_31" title="Der Himmel lacht! Die Erde jubilieret, BWV 31">Der Himmel lacht! Die Erde jubilieret, BWV 31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Herz,_das_seinen_Jesum_lebend_wei%C3%9F,_BWV_134" title="Ein Herz, das seinen Jesum lebend weiß, BWV 134">Ein Herz, das seinen Jesum lebend weiß, BWV 134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfreut_euch,_ihr_Herzen,_BWV_66" title="Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen, BWV 66">Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen, BWV 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ich_lebe,_mein_Herze,_zu_deinem_Erg%C3%B6tzen,_BWV_145" title="Ich lebe, mein Herze, zu deinem Ergötzen, BWV 145">Ich lebe, mein Herze, zu deinem Ergötzen, BWV 145</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Easter_hymns" title="List of Easter hymns">Hymns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_Lord_Is_Risen_Today" title="Christ the Lord Is Risen Today">Christ the Lord Is Risen Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Is_Risen_Today" title="Jesus Christ Is Risen Today">Jesus Christ Is Risen Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_filii_et_filiae" title="O filii et filiae">O filii et filiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Strife_is_O%27er,_the_Battle_Done" title="The Strife is O'er, the Battle Done">The Strife is O'er, the Battle Done</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Choral music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surrexit_a_mortuis" title="Surrexit a mortuis">Surrexit a mortuis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Film and TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Easter_films" title="List of Easter films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Easter_television_episodes" title="List of Easter television episodes">Television episodes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Season" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Pentecost_season" title="Pentecost season">Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Octave" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Pentecost" class="mw-redirect" title="Octave of Pentecost">Octave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whitsun" title="Whitsun">Whitsun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whit_Monday" title="Whit Monday">Whit Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whit_Tuesday" title="Whit Tuesday">Whit Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Ember days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_Priest" title="Feast of Christ the Priest">Feast of Christ the Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Feast of Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Feast of the Sacred Heart">Feast of the Sacred Heart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_Matthew" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Template:Gospel of Matthew"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Template talk:Gospel of Matthew"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel of Matthew"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gospel_of_Matthew" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_Matthew_chapters" title="Category:Gospel of Matthew chapters">Chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1" title="Matthew 1">Matthew 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_2" title="Matthew 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_3" title="Matthew 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_4" title="Matthew 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_5" title="Matthew 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_6" title="Matthew 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_7" title="Matthew 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_8" title="Matthew 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_9" title="Matthew 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_10" title="Matthew 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_11" title="Matthew 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_12" title="Matthew 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_13" title="Matthew 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_14" title="Matthew 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_15" title="Matthew 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_16" title="Matthew 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_17" title="Matthew 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_18" title="Matthew 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_19" title="Matthew 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_20" title="Matthew 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_21" title="Matthew 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_22" title="Matthew 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_23" title="Matthew 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_24" title="Matthew 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_25" title="Matthew 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_26" title="Matthew 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_27" title="Matthew 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_28" title="Matthew 28">28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_Matthew_verses" title="Category:Gospel of Matthew verses">Verses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_1" title="Category:Matthew 1">Matthew 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_2" title="Category:Matthew 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_3" title="Category:Matthew 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_4" title="Category:Matthew 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_5" title="Category:Matthew 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_6" title="Category:Matthew 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_7" title="Category:Matthew 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_8" title="Category:Matthew 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_9" title="Category:Matthew 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_10" title="Category:Matthew 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_11" title="Category:Matthew 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_12" title="Category:Matthew 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_14" title="Category:Matthew 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_15" title="Category:Matthew 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_16:2b%E2%80%933" title="Matthew 16:2b–3">16:2b–3</a>,<a href="/wiki/Matthew_16:19" title="Matthew 16:19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_27" title="Category:Matthew 27">27:1–12; 52–66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_28" title="Category:Matthew 28">28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Jesus' birth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Massacre of the Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_family_of_Jesus_to_Nazareth" title="Return of the family of Jesus to Nazareth">Return to Nazareth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_heaven_(Gospel_of_Matthew)" title="Kingdom of heaven (Gospel of Matthew)">Kingdom of heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_Jesus_to_Galilee" title="Return of Jesus to Galilee">Galilean ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishers_of_men" title="Fishers of men">Fishers of men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecce_homo#Eastern_Christianity" title="Ecce homo">Behold the bridegroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule" title="Golden Rule">Golden Rule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_preaches_in_a_ship" title="Jesus preaches in a ship">Jesus preaches in a ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">Calming the storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the multitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_walking_on_water" title="Jesus walking on water">Walking on water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Ten_Virgins" title="Parable of the Ten Virgins">Ten Virgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Zebedee" class="mw-redirect" title="James, son of Zebedee">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Groups</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Angels">Angels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_source" title="M source">M source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of Matthew">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_hypothesis" title="Augustinian hypothesis">Augustinian hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-gospel_hypothesis" title="Two-gospel hypothesis">Two-gospel hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthean_Posteriority_hypothesis" title="Matthean Posteriority hypothesis">Matthean Posteriority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calling_of_Matthew" title="Calling of Matthew">Calling of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_heaven_(Gospel_of_Matthew)" title="Kingdom of heaven (Gospel of Matthew)">Kingdom of heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel" title="Immanuel">Immanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Pseudo-Matthew" title="Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew">Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_translations_of_Matthew" title="Rabbinical translations of Matthew">Rabbinical translations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shem_Tob%27s_Hebrew_Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Shem Tob's Hebrew Gospel of Matthew">Shem Tob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith%E2%80%93Matthew" title="Joseph Smith–Matthew">Joseph Smith–Matthew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Matthew_Passion" title="St Matthew Passion">St Matthew Passion</a> (Bach, 1727/29) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Matthew_Passion_structure" title="St Matthew Passion structure">Structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_St._Matthew_(film)" title="The Gospel According to St. Matthew (film)">The Gospel According to St. Matthew</a> (1964 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godspell" title="Godspell">Godspell</a> (1971 musical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godspell_(film)" title="Godspell (film)">Godspell</a> (1973 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Visual_Bible:_Matthew" title="The Visual Bible: Matthew">The Visual Bible: Matthew</a> (1993 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_1" title="Papyrus 1">Papyrus 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_4" title="Papyrus 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_19" title="Papyrus 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_21" title="Papyrus 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_25" title="Papyrus 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_35" title="Papyrus 35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_37" title="Papyrus 37">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_44" title="Papyrus 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_53" title="Papyrus 53">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_62" title="Papyrus 62">62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_70" title="Papyrus 70">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_71" title="Papyrus 71">71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_73" title="Papyrus 73">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_77" title="Papyrus 77">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_83" title="Papyrus 83">83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_86" title="Papyrus 86">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_96" title="Papyrus 96">96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_101" title="Papyrus 101">101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_102" title="Papyrus 102">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_103" title="Papyrus 103">103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_104" title="Papyrus 104">104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_105" title="Papyrus 105">105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_110" title="Papyrus 110">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_papyrus" title="Magdalen papyrus">Magdalen papyrus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Ματθαίον">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Matthaeus" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Matthaeus">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Matthew" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Matthew">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Matthew">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Matthew" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Matthew">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_Mark" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_Mark" title="Template:Gospel of Mark"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_Mark" title="Template talk:Gospel of Mark"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_of_Mark" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel of Mark"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gospel_of_Mark" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_1" title="Mark 1">Mark 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_2" title="Mark 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_3" title="Mark 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_4" title="Mark 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_5" title="Mark 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_6" title="Mark 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_7" title="Mark 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_8" title="Mark 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_9" title="Mark 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_10" title="Mark 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_11" title="Mark 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_12" title="Mark 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_13" title="Mark 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_14" title="Mark 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_15" title="Mark 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_16" title="Mark 16">16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_Jesus_to_Galilee" title="Return of Jesus to Galilee">Galilean ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Growing_Seed" title="Parable of the Growing Seed">Parable of the Growing Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">Calming the storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the multitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_walking_on_water" title="Jesus walking on water">Walking on water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_cleansing_a_leper" title="Jesus cleansing a leper">Cleansing a leper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Entombment/Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resurrection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naked_fugitive" title="Naked fugitive">Naked fugitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings of Jesus on the cross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_James" title="Mary, mother of James">Mary, mother of James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_(biblical_figure)" title="Rufus (biblical figure)">Rufus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(disciple)" title="Salome (disciple)">Salome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Cyrene" title="Simon of Cyrene">Simon of Cyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Groups</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmanutha" title="Dalmanutha">Dalmanutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark the Evangelist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Mark" title="John Mark">John Mark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_Mark" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of Mark">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcan_priority" title="Marcan priority">Marcan priority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-source_hypothesis" title="Two-source hypothesis">two-source hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-source_hypothesis" title="Three-source hypothesis">three-source hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertextual_production_of_the_Gospel_of_Mark" title="Intertextual production of the Gospel of Mark">Intertextual production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Secret" title="Messianic Secret">Messianic Secret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Gospel_of_Mark" title="Secret Gospel of Mark">Secret Gospel of Mark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark_Passion_(attributed_to_Keiser)" title="St Mark Passion (attributed to Keiser)">St Mark Passion (attributed to Keiser)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark_Passion,_BWV_247" title="St Mark Passion, BWV 247">St Mark Passion, BWV 247 (J. S. Bach)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Pasi%C3%B3n_seg%C3%BAn_San_Marcos_(Golijov)" title="La Pasión según San Marcos (Golijov)">La Pasión según San Marcos (Golijov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark_Passion_(N._Matthes)" title="St Mark Passion (N. Matthes)">St Mark Passion (N. Matthes)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">Papyrus 45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_84" title="Papyrus 84">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_88" title="Papyrus 88">88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_137" title="Papyrus 137">137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayyum_Fragment" title="Fayyum Fragment">Fayyum Fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuscule_2427" title="Minuscule 2427">Minuscule 2427 (forgery)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7Q5" title="7Q5">7Q5 (disputed)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Μάρκον">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Marcus" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Marcus">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Mark" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Mark">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Mark">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Mark" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Mark">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_Luke" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_Luke" title="Template:Gospel of Luke"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_Luke" title="Template talk:Gospel of Luke"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_of_Luke" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel of Luke"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gospel_of_Luke" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_Luke_chapters" title="Category:Gospel of Luke chapters">Chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_1" title="Luke 1">Luke 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_2" title="Luke 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_3" title="Luke 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_4" title="Luke 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_5" title="Luke 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_6" title="Luke 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_7" title="Luke 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_8" title="Luke 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_9" title="Luke 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_10" title="Luke 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_11" title="Luke 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_12" title="Luke 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_13" title="Luke 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_14" title="Luke 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_15" title="Luke 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_16" title="Luke 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_17" title="Luke 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_18" title="Luke 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_19" title="Luke 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_20" title="Luke 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_21" title="Luke 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_22" title="Luke 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_23" title="Luke 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_24" title="Luke 24">24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Verses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_22:43%E2%80%9344" title="Luke 22:43–44">Luke 22:43–44</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation to Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Elizabeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annunciation_to_the_shepherds" title="Annunciation to the shepherds">and the shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Adoration of shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity of Saint John the Baptist">John the Baptist's Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_of_Quirinius" title="Census of Quirinius">Census of Quirinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Jesus' Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumcision_of_Jesus" title="Circumcision of Jesus">Circumcision</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Jesus_at_the_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Presentation of Jesus at the Temple">Presentation at the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_in_the_Temple" title="Finding in the Temple">Finding in the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calling_of_Matthew" title="Calling of Matthew">Calling of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counting_the_cost" title="Counting the cost">Counting the cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Sermon on the Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">Calming the storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the 5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son" title="Parable of the Prodigal Son">Prodigal son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_(Song_of_Zechariah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)">Benedictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishers_of_men" title="Fishers of men">Fishers of men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificat" title="Magnificat">Magnificat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wine_into_Old_Wineskins" title="New Wine into Old Wineskins">New Wine into Old Wineskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunc_dimittis" title="Nunc dimittis">Nunc dimittis (Song of Simeon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Unjust_Steward" title="Parable of the Unjust Steward">Parable of the Unjust Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">Rich man and Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_four_woes_of_Jesus" title="The four woes of Jesus">The four woes of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abijah" title="Abijah">Abijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysanias" title="Lysanias">Lysanias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_of_Bethany" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha of Bethany">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naaman" title="Naaman">Naaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip (apostle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Tetrarch" title="Philip the Tetrarch">Philip (tetrarch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinius" title="Quirinius">Quirinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_(biblical)" title="Theophilus (biblical)">Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiberius Caesar">Tiberius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Groups</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene_(biblical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abilene (biblical)">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_(biblical_village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethany (biblical village)">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decapolis" title="Decapolis">Decapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmaus" title="Emmaus">Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iturea" title="Iturea">Iturea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nein" title="Nein">Nain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachonitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Trachonitis">Trachonitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke the Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Luke–Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Authorship of Luke–Acts">Authorship of Luke–Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_source" title="L source">L source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-gospel_hypothesis" title="Two-gospel hypothesis">Two-gospel hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_school_hypothesis" title="Jerusalem school hypothesis">Jerusalem school hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_Luke" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of Luke">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Marcion" title="Gospel of Marcion">Gospel of Marcion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiizas:_di_Buk_We_Luuk_Rait_bout_Im" title="Jiizas: di Buk We Luuk Rait bout Im">Jiizas: di Buk We Luuk Rait bout Im</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Luke_Passion,_BWV_246" title="St Luke Passion, BWV 246">St Luke Passion, BWV 246</a> (1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Luke_Passion_(Penderecki)" title="St Luke Passion (Penderecki)">St Luke Passion</a> (Penderecki, 1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_(1979_film)" title="Jesus (1979 film)">Jesus</a> (1979 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witness:_Five_Plays_from_the_Gospel_of_Luke" title="Witness: Five Plays from the Gospel of Luke">Witness: Five Plays from the Gospel of Luke</a> (2007, radio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Savior_(2014_film)" title="The Savior (2014 film)">The Savior</a> (2014 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_2" title="Papyrus 2">Papyrus 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_3" title="Papyrus 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_4" title="Papyrus 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_7" title="Papyrus 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_42" title="Papyrus 42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_69" title="Papyrus 69">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_75" title="Papyrus 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_82" title="Papyrus 82">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_97" title="Papyrus 97">97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_111" title="Papyrus 111">111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Nitriensis" title="Codex Nitriensis">Codex Nitriensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Glagolitic_fragments" title="Ohrid Glagolitic fragments">Ohrid Glagolitic fragments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Λουκάν">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Lucas" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Lucas">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Luke">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Luke">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Luke">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_John" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_John" title="Template:Gospel of John"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_John" title="Template talk:Gospel of John"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_of_John" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel of John"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gospel_of_John" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_John_chapters" title="Category:Gospel of John chapters">Chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_1" title="John 1">John 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Signs" title="Book of Signs">Book of Signs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_2" title="John 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_3" title="John 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_4" title="John 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_5" title="John 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_6" title="John 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_7" title="John 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_8" title="John 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_9" title="John 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_10" title="John 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_12" title="John 12">12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Glory" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Glory">Book of Glory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_13" title="John 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_14" title="John 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_15" title="John 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_16" title="John 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_17" title="John 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_18" title="John 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_19" title="John 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_20" title="John 20">20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_21" title="John 21">Epilogue: 21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_John_verses" title="Category:Gospel of John verses">Verses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_1:1" title="John 1:1">John 1:1</a>–<a href="/wiki/John_1:20" title="John 1:20">20</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_1:23" title="John 1:23">23</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_1:25" title="John 1:25">25</a>–<a href="/wiki/John_1:33" title="John 1:33">33</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_1:35" title="John 1:35">35</a>–<a href="/wiki/John_1:42" title="John 1:42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_3:16" title="John 3:16">3:16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_et_veritas_et_vita" title="Via et veritas et vita">14:6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_18:38" title="John 18:38">18:38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:John_20" title="Category:John 20">20:1–31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events (chronological)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_at_Cana" title="Wedding at Cana">Wedding at Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_of_Life_Discourse" title="Bread of Life Discourse">Bread of Life Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the 5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_man_blind_from_birth" title="Healing the man blind from birth">Healing a blind man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_paralytic_at_Bethesda" title="Healing the paralytic at Bethesda">Healing a paralytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_royal_official%27s_son" title="Healing the royal official's son">Healing a sick son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_and_the_woman_taken_in_adultery" title="Jesus and the woman taken in adultery">Jesus and the woman taken in adultery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_walking_on_water" title="Jesus walking on water">Walking on water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising of Lazarus">Raising of Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resurrection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_Peter" title="Restoration of Peter">Restoration of Peter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_the_beginning_(phrase)" title="In the beginning (phrase)">In the beginning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">Disciple whom Jesus loved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubting_Thomas" title="Doubting Thomas">Doubting Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecce_homo" title="Ecce homo">Ecce homo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Feast of Dedication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Commandment" title="New Commandment">"Love one another"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_wept" title="Jesus wept">Jesus wept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noli_me_tangere" title="Noli me tangere">Noli me tangere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quod_scripsi,_scripsi" title="Quod scripsi, scripsi">Quod scripsi, scripsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That_they_all_may_be_one" title="That they all may be one">That they all may be one</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_et_veritas_et_vita" title="Via et veritas et vita">Via et veritas et vita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_truth_will_set_you_free" title="The truth will set you free">The truth will set you free</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malchus" title="Malchus">Malchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_(follower_of_Jesus)" title="Nathanael (follower of Jesus)">Nathanael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodemus" title="Nicodemus">Nicodemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Groups</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86non" class="mw-redirect" title="Ænon">Ænon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethabara" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethabara">Bethabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cana" title="Cana">Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob%27s_Well" title="Jacob's Well">Jacob's Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidron_Valley" title="Kidron Valley">Kidron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Porch" title="Solomon's Porch">Solomon's Porch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Sychar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Ego_eimi" title="Ego eimi">I AM</a>" sayings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_am_(biblical_term)" title="I am (biblical term)">I am (biblical term)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_of_Life_Discourse" title="Bread of Life Discourse">Bread of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_of_the_World" title="Light of the World">Light of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_10" title="John 10">Gate for the Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Shepherd" title="Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">Resurrectio et Vita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_et_veritas_et_vita" title="Via et veritas et vita">Via et veritas et vita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Vine" title="True Vine">True Vine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_community" title="Johannine community">Johannine community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_literature" title="Johannine literature">Johannine literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Johannine_literature" title="Holy Spirit in Johannine literature">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_John" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of John">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocryphon_of_John" title="Apocryphon of John">Apocryphon of John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Apocalypse_of_John" title="Second Apocalypse of John">Second Apocalypse of John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_John_(Pillar_New_Testament_Commentary)" title="The Gospel According to John (Pillar New Testament Commentary)">Pillar New Testament Commentary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion" title="St John Passion">St John Passion</a> (J. S. Bach, 1724) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion_structure" title="St John Passion structure">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion_discography" title="St John Passion discography">Discography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passio_(P%C3%A4rt)" title="Passio (Pärt)">Passio</a> (Pärt, 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_John_(2003_film)" title="The Gospel of John (2003 film)">The Gospel of John</a> (2003 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_John_(2014_film)" title="The Gospel of John (2014 film)">The Gospel of John</a> (2014 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_2" title="Papyrus 2">Papyrus 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Papyrus 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_6" title="Papyrus 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_22" title="Papyrus 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_28" title="Papyrus 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_36" title="Papyrus 36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_39" title="Papyrus 39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_44" title="Papyrus 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rylands_Library_Papyrus_P52" title="Rylands Library Papyrus P52">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_55" title="Papyrus 55">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_59" title="Papyrus 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_60" title="Papyrus 60">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_63" title="Papyrus 63">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_66" title="Papyrus 66">66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_75" title="Papyrus 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_76" title="Papyrus 76">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_80" title="Papyrus 80">80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_84" title="Papyrus 84">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_90" title="Papyrus 90">90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_93" title="Papyrus 93">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_95" title="Papyrus 95">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_106" title="Papyrus 106">106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_107" title="Papyrus 107">107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_108" title="Papyrus 108">108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_109" title="Papyrus 109">109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_119" title="Papyrus 119">119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_120" title="Papyrus 120">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_121" title="Papyrus 121">121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_122" title="Papyrus 122">122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_128" title="Papyrus 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Glagolitic_fragments" title="Ohrid Glagolitic fragments">Ohrid Glagolitic fragments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Ιωάννην">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Ioannes" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Ioannes">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/John">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/John">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/John">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shroud_of_Turin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shroud_of_Turin" title="Template:Shroud of Turin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shroud_of_Turin" title="Template talk:Shroud of Turin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shroud_of_Turin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shroud of Turin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shroud_of_Turin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="History of the Shroud of Turin">History of the Shroud of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondo_Pia" title="Secondo Pia">Secondo Pia, photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin">Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Turin_plasch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Turin_plasch.jpg/100px-Turin_plasch.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Turin_plasch.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="194" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_the_Holy_Shroud" title="Chapel of the Holy Shroud">Chapel of the Holy Shroud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Turin" title="Royal Palace of Turin">Royal Palace of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin_Cathedral" title="Turin Cathedral">Turin Cathedral</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investigations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin_Research_Project" title="Shroud of Turin Research Project">Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating_of_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin">Radiocarbon dating of the shroud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP8_Image_Analyzer" title="VP8 Image Analyzer">VP8 Image Analyzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Researchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Barbet_(physician)" title="Pierre Barbet (physician)">Pierre Barbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysse_Chevalier" title="Ulysse Chevalier">Ulysse Chevalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Delage" title="Yves Delage">Yves Delage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Frale" title="Barbara Frale">Barbara Frale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_McCrone" title="Walter McCrone">Walter McCrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Nickell" title="Joe Nickell">Joe Nickell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Picknett" title="Lynn Picknett">Lynn Picknett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Rogers" title="Raymond Rogers">Raymond Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_H._Wiebe" title="Phillip H. Wiebe">Phillip H. Wiebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Wilson_(author)" title="Ian Wilson (author)">Ian Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Zugibe" title="Frederick Zugibe">Frederick Zugibe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_theories_about_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="Fringe theories about the Shroud of Turin">Fringe theories about the Shroud of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_of_Edessa" title="Image of Edessa">Image of Edessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pray_Codex" title="Pray Codex">Pray Codex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Face_of_Jesus" title="Holy Face of Jesus">Holy Face of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics associated with Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheiropoieta" title="Acheiropoieta">acheiropoieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudarium_of_Oviedo" title="Sudarium of Oviedo">Sudarium of Oviedo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resurrection of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Liturgical year of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Liturgical year of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liturgical year of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: #ffea7d; font-weight: normal;"><div id="Ordinary_Form_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Latin_Church_(1969_Calendar)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Ordinary Form</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">1969 Calendar</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_Sunday" title="Advent Sunday">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sunday of Advent">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudete_Sunday" title="Gaudete Sunday">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Sunday of Advent">4th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Feast of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Antiphons" title="O Antiphons">December 17 to 23</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/250px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/375px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/500px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmas Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Mass" title="Midnight Mass">Midnight Mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Mary, Mother of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Baptism_of_the_Lord" title="Feast of the Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Presentation of the Lord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadragesima_Sunday" title="Quadragesima Sunday">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">5th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Annunciation" title="Feast of the Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Easter Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Second Sunday of Easter">2nd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_Sunday" title="Divine Mercy Sunday">Divine Mercy Sunday</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Third Sunday of Easter">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fourth Sunday of Easter">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fifth Sunday of Easter">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sixth_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sixth Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventh_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seventh Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">7th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Feast of the Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_John_the_Baptist" title="Nativity of John the Baptist">Nativity of John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul" title="Feast of Saints Peter and Paul">Saints Peter and Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Cross" title="Feast of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Christ the King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: #ffea7d; font-weight: normal;"><div id="Tridentine_Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Latin_Church_(1960_Calendar)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">1960 Calendar</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sunday of Advent">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sunday of Advent">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudete_Sunday" title="Gaudete Sunday">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Advent" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Sunday of Advent">4th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rorate_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Rorate Mass">Rorate Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Feast of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Antiphons" title="O Antiphons">Greater Ferias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Winter Ember Days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas" title="Twelve Days of Christmas">Christmas Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Circumcision_of_Christ" title="Feast of the Circumcision of Christ">Octave Day of Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Holy_Name_of_Jesus" title="Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus">Holy Name of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_season" title="Epiphany season">Epiphany Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Holy_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_the_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Purification of Mary</a><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Lent" title="Pre-Lent">Pre-Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagesima" title="Sexagesima">Sexagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquagesima" title="Quinquagesima">Quinquagesima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li> <li>Sundays <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadragesima_Sunday" title="Quadragesima Sunday">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Sunday_of_Lent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Sunday of Lent (page does not exist)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">4th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Spring Ember Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Annunciation" title="Feast of the Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">Passion Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_procession" title="Holy Week procession">P</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrae" title="Tenebrae">Tenebrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Easter Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a><a href="/wiki/Easter_parade" title="Easter parade">P</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sundays after Easter <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Second Sunday of Easter">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Third Sunday of Easter">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fourth Sunday of Easter">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fifth Sunday of Easter">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sixth_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sixth Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seventh_Sunday_of_Easter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seventh Sunday of Easter (page does not exist)">6th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogation_days" title="Rogation days">Rogation Days</a><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension</a><a href="/wiki/Procession_of_the_Holy_Blood" title="Procession of the Holy Blood">P</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Pentecost_season" title="Pentecost season">Pentecost Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Summer Ember Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_John_the_Baptist" title="Nativity of John the Baptist">Saint John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul" title="Feast of Saints Peter and Paul">Saints Peter and Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Most_Precious_Blood" title="Feast of the Most Precious Blood">Precious Blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Cross" title="Feast of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Autumn Ember Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Maternity of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Christ the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #ffea7d"><div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt> <dd>P = <a href="/wiki/Procession#Roman_Catholics" title="Procession">Ordinary Procession</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Roman Ritual</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: gold;"><div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt> <dd>Italic font marks the 10 <a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">holy days of obligation</a> in the universal calendar which do not normally fall on a Sunday.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Older calendars <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII">1955</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1954" title="General Roman Calendar of 1954">pre-1955</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_calendar" title="Tridentine calendar">Tridentine</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">Liturgical colours</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Computus" class="mw-redirect" title="Computus">Computus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Easter_cycle" title="Easter cycle">Easter cycle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist wraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Template:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Template talk:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Catholic_Church_articles" title="Index of Catholic Church articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Outline of the Catholic Church">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Glossary of the Catholic Church">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholics" title="Lists of Catholics">Lists of Catholics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical</a> <a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_Peter" title="Primacy of Peter">Petrine primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Primacy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Islamic conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Schism (1054)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Schism (1378)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and Protestant">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic tradition">Tradition</a> <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_on_the_body" title="Catholic theology on the body">Body and soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_grace" title="Divine grace">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li>Official Bible <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Communitas perfecta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity" title="Catholicity">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystici_Corporis_Christi" title="Mystici Corporis Christi">Mystici Corporis Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Three states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">In canon law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">Last rites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_Mariology" title="History of Catholic Mariology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_popes" title="Mariology of the popes">Mariology of the popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_saints" title="Mariology of the saints">Mariology of the saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Moral theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Personalism (Catholic)">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Science and the Catholic Church">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Evolution and the Catholic Church">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint (Catholic)">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Organisation <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy</a> <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">Precedence</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Catholic Church by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">List of popes</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_living_cardinals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of living cardinals">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Advisers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_(structured_view)" title="List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)">Diocese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Episcopal conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">Titular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope emeritus">Emeritus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(Catholic_Church)" title="Parish (Catholic Church)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Religious</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior, Prioress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_brother" title="Religious brother">Brother</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_sister" title="Religious sister">Sister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_nun" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">Novice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a> <a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Albanian Greek Catholic Church">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Belarusian Greek Catholic Church">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" title="Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Croatian and Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" title="Catholic Church in Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Byzantine Catholic Church">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Hungarian Greek Catholic Church">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Macedonian Greek Catholic Church">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Romanian Greek Catholic Church">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Slovak Greek Catholic Church">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Marian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_artists" title="List of Catholic artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_writers" title="List of Catholic writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholic_church_buildings" title="Lists of Catholic church buildings">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">Altarpieces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_music" title="Category:Catholic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Distinctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilisation</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Criticism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_media" title="Category:Catholic media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vatican Polyglot Press</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Religious orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">institutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">societies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumptionists" title="Assumptionists">Assumptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Annonciades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Basil_the_Great" title="Order of Saint Basil the Great">Basilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehemites" title="Bethlehemites">Bethlehemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Blue nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaldolese" title="Camaldolese">Camaldoleses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillians" title="Camillians">Camillians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Clarisses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptionists" title="Conceptionists">Conceptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross">Crosiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronymites" title="Hieronymites">Hieronymites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionaries_of_Christ" title="Legionaries of Christ">Legionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Mercedarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Minims" title="Order of Minims">Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivetans" title="Olivetans">Olivetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri">Oratorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piarists" title="Piarists">Piarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Premonstratensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoristines" title="Redemptoristines">Redemptoristines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Servites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">Theatines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Visitation_of_Holy_Mary" title="Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary">Visitandines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_lay_organisations" title="Catholic lay organisations">Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Marian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_youth_work" title="Catholic youth work">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Movement_of_Christian_Workers" title="World Movement of Christian Workers">Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Carmelites" title="Lay Carmelites">Lay Carmelites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Order_of_Discalced_Carmelites" title="Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites">Discalced</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Saint Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)#International" title="Military order (religious society)">Military orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimcap" title="Fimcap">Fimcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charismatic_Renewal" title="Catholic Charismatic Renewal">Charismatic Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Communion and Liberation">Communion and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Sant'Egidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focolare_Movement" title="Focolare Movement">Focolare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Catholic_Knights" title="International Alliance of Catholic Knights">International Alliance of Catholic Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_charities" title="Catholic charities">Charities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Internationalis" title="Caritas Internationalis">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities_USA" title="Catholic Charities USA">Catholic Charities USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Home_Missions" title="Catholic Home Missions">Home Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDSE" title="CIDSE">CIDSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a> </li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care" title="Catholic Church and health care">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_higher_education" title="Catholic higher education">Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church" title="Category:Catholic Church">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_footer" title="Template talk:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_in_art" title="The Trinity in art">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art" title="God the Father in Western art">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christian_art" title="Holy Spirit in Christian art">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals" title="Lists of cathedrals">Cathedrals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements">Movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charta_Oecumenica" title="Charta Oecumenica">Charta Oecumenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christians" title="Cultural Christians">Cultural Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Relations with other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Unlimited atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity" title="Category:Christianity">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Christianity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Christianity" title="Template:History of Christianity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Christianity" title="Template talk:History of Christianity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Christianity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Christianity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Christianity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History of Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">Spread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">2nd and 3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_4th_century" title="Christianity in the 4th century">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_5th_century" title="Christianity in the 5th century">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_6th_century" title="Christianity in the 6th century">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_7th_century" title="Christianity in the 7th century">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_8th_century" title="Christianity in the 8th century">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_9th_century" title="Christianity in the 9th century">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_10th_century" title="Christianity in the 10th century">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_11th_century" title="Christianity in the 11th century">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_12th_century" title="Christianity in the 12th century">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_13th_century" title="Christianity in the 13th century">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_14th_century" title="Christianity in the 14th century">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_15th_century" title="Christianity in the 15th century">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_16th_century" title="Christianity in the 16th century">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_17th_century" title="Christianity in the 17th century">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_18th_century" title="Christianity in the 18th century">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_19th_century" title="Christianity in the 19th century">19th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_20th_century" title="Christianity in the 20th century">20th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_21st_century" title="Christianity in the 21st century">21st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins and Apostolic Age</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Life of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles in the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Christian">Jewish Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem" title="Council of Jerusalem">Council of Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">General epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_in_early_Christian_theology" title="Diversity in early Christian theology">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoptionism" title="Adoptionism">Adoptionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docetism" title="Docetism">Docetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donatism" title="Donatism">Donatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcionism" title="Marcionism">Marcionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montanism" title="Montanism">Montanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">Canon development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Roman_Africa_province" title="Christianity in the Roman Africa province">Early African</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinian_shift" title="Constantinian shift">Constantinian shift</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">Roman state religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Constantinople I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Ephesus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Chalcedonian Christianity">Chalcedonian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Non-Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Non-Chalcedonian Christianity">Non-Chalcedonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">Papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Development of primacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_opposition_to_papal_supremacy" title="Eastern Orthodox opposition to papal supremacy">Eastern Orthodox opposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Lateran IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_patronage_of_Julius_II" title="Art patronage of Julius II">Art patronage of Julius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Leo X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Xavier</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">Monastery dissolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_rock" title="Mass rock">Mass rocks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Priest_hole" title="Priest hole">priest holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe" title="Our Lady of Guadalupe">Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism#Neo-Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Neo-Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Modernism in the Catholic Church">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">Vatican I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesial_community" title="Ecclesial community">Ecclesial community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Christianity" title="History of Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="History of Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon#History" title="Icon">Icons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iconodulism" title="Iconodulism">Iconodulism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Great Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Armenia" title="Christianization of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_history" title="Coptic history">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Christianity" title="Syriac Christianity">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_North_America" title="Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in North America">North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pelagianism" title="Pelagianism">Pelagianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_the_Germanic_peoples" title="Christianisation of the Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Franks" title="Christianization of the Franks">Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Christianity" title="Gothic Christianity">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Scandinavia" title="Christianization of Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iceland" title="Christianization of Iceland">Iceland</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Slavs" title="Christianization of the Slavs">Slavs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bohemia" title="Christianization of Bohemia">Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Christianization of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Moravia" title="Christianization of Moravia">Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Poland" title="Christianization of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Pomerania" title="Christianization of Pomerania">Pomerania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogomilism" title="Bogomilism">Bogomils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Church" title="Bosnian Church">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catharism" title="Catharism">Cathars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Brethren" title="Apostolic Brethren">Apostolic Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulcinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulcinian">Dulcinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism#Early_Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Early Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Christian mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ways_(Aquinas)" title="Five Ways (Aquinas)">Five Ways</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wycliffe" title="John Wycliffe">Wycliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Papal Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Reformation" title="Bohemian Reformation">Bohemian Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Hus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciliarism" title="Conciliarism">Conciliarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">Synods</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Protestantism" title="History of Protestantism">Protestantism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology" title="Eucharistic theology">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Calvinist%E2%80%93Arminian_debate" title="History of the Calvinist–Arminian debate">Calvinist–Arminian debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation#Politics" title="Counter-Reformation">Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_theory_in_the_Early_Modern_period#Christian_resistance_theories_of_the_early_modern_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistance theory in the Early Modern period">Resistance theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state#Reformation" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodemite" title="Nicodemite">Nicodemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymnody_of_continental_Europe" title="Hymnody of continental Europe">Hymnody of continental Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_and_material_principles_of_theology" title="Formal and material principles of theology">Formal and material principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Gospel" title="Law and Gospel">Law and Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reformation_literature" title="Template:Reformation literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_work_ethic" title="Protestant work ethic">Protestant work ethic</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lutheranism" title="History of Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ninety-five_Theses" title="Ninety-five Theses">Ninety-five Theses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Worms" title="Diet of Worms">Diet of Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Martin_Luther" title="Theology of Martin Luther">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Bible" title="Luther Bible">Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Melanchthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_orthodoxy" title="Lutheran orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_union" title="Sacramental union">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Reformed_Christianity" title="History of Reformed Christianity">Calvinism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Zwingli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_points_of_Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Five points of Calvinism">TULIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_baptismal_theology" title="Reformed baptismal theology">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Dort" title="Synod of Dort">Dort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Forms_of_Unity" title="Three Forms of Unity">Three Forms of Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Assembly" title="Westminster Assembly">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_orthodoxy" title="Reformed orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrical_psalter" title="Metrical psalter">Metrical psalters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">Anglicanism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_English_Reformation" title="Timeline of the English Reformation">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Cranmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Religious_Settlement" title="Elizabethan Religious Settlement">Elizabethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles" title="Thirty-nine Articles">39 Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_church_music" title="Anglican church music">Church music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist_theology" title="Anabaptist theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Reformation" title="Radical Reformation">Radical Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Grebel" title="Conrad Grebel">Grebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Brethren" title="Swiss Brethren">Swiss Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer" title="Thomas Müntzer">Müntzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs%27_Synod" title="Martyrs' Synod">Martyrs' Synod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menno_Simons" title="Menno Simons">Menno Simons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smyth_(English_theologian)" title="John Smyth (English theologian)">Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Mirror" title="Martyrs Mirror">Martyrs Mirror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ausbund" title="Ausbund">Ausbund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">1640–1789</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_revival" title="Christian revival">Revivalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Missionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptists_in_the_history_of_separation_of_church_and_state" title="Baptists in the history of separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_toleration#Early_modern_period" title="Edict of toleration">Edicts of toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millerism" title="Millerism">Millerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merton_thesis" title="Merton thesis">Fostering of early experimental science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Lutheranism" title="Neo-Lutheranism">Neo-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Lutherans" title="Old Lutherans">Old Lutherans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">1789–present</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_meeting" title="Camp meeting">Camp meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restorationists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="History of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="History of the Latter Day Saint movement">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laestadianism" title="Laestadianism">Laestadianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awakening_(Finnish_religious_movement)" title="Awakening (Finnish religious movement)">Finnish Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Christian existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Great_Awakening" title="Third Great Awakening">Third Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist%E2%80%93Modernist_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy">Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_solae" title="Five solae">Five solae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_movement" title="Jesus movement">Jesus movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Charismatic Movement">Charismatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_epistemology" title="Reformed epistemology">Reformed epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Great_Awakening" title="Fourth Great Awakening">Fourth Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline</a> Protestants</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_influence_of_Evangelicalism_in_Latin_America" title="Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America">Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christian_missions" title="Timeline of Christian missions">Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_martyrs" title="List of Christian martyrs">Martyrs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="History of Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Protestantism" title="History of Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51624#identifiers" title="Edit this at 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Template:Navbox"," 4.72% 157.426 38 Template:Refn"," 4.61% 153.839 28 Template:ISBN"," 3.80% 126.755 1 Template:Langx"," 3.69% 123.299 1 Template:Death_of_Jesus"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.095","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17447533,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAli1951\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAli1954\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFAllison2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllison2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAune2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarker,_Kenneth2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarnett2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartonMuddiman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBauckham2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeilbyEddy2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergeron2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergeronHabermas2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlomberg1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBockmuehl2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBockmuehl2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorgCrossan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoring2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBouma2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBriscoeOgilvie2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBultmann1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurkett2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBynum1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCasey2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCastleman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharlesworth2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharry1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChester2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollins2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCook2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCook2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCotter2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCraig2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrossLivingston1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrossan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavisKendallO\u0026#039;Collins1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_Conick2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDijkhuizen2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonaldson1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunn1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunn1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunn2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunn2003b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunn2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunn2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunn2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdward_E._HindsonDaniel_R._Mitchell2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEhrman1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEhrman2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEhrman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEhrman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElledge2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEndsjø2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinlan2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinney2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFredriksen2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFuller1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarrett2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodacre2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraieg2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHabermas2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHabermas2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarnack1889\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrington1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrington2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHengel1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHultgren2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHumphreysWaddington1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHurtado2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHyam_Maccoby1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarkkainen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKloppenborg1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoester2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohler1901\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKubitza2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKöstenberger2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarkin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLehtipuu2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLicona2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoke2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoke2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLorenzen2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLüdemann2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLüdemannÖzen1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLüdemannÖzen1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLüdemannÖzenvan_der_Vinne1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMack1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMack1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagness2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMason2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCane2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClory1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGrath2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNetland2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeufeld1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewbigin1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovakovic2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsiek2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOxenham1865\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPagels2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPark2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPate2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerkins2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlevnik2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowell2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPriceLowder2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPugh2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuast1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRees1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRohde1925\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanders1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchäfer2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeesengoodKoosed2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheehan1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiniscalchi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStroumsa2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStubs2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwinburne2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTabor2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTalbert2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTelford1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Voorst2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVermes2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVermes2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVermes2008a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVermes2008b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalter_Richard1894\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWare2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWare2014b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeaver2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWedderburn1999\"] = 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