CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="wuu" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>俄罗斯 - 维基百科</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )wuuwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"wuu", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"f925cf3a-7091-469e-943d-305de4a6fbbb","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"俄罗斯","wgTitle":"俄罗斯","wgCurRevisionId":321378,"wgRevisionId":321378,"wgArticleId":908,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["俄罗斯","欧洲国家"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"wuu","wgPageContentLanguage":"wuu","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"俄罗斯","wgRelevantArticleId":908,"wgUserVariant":"wuu","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"wuu","pageLanguageDir":"ltr", "pageVariantFallbacks":["wuu-hans","wuu-hant"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q159","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.mirrorsite","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=wuu&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=wuu&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=wuu&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/800px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/640px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="俄罗斯 - 维基百科"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//wuu.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑" href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="维基百科 (wuu)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//wuu.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="wuu" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="wuu-Hans" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&variant=wuu-hans"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="wuu-Hant" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&variant=wuu-hant"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.wuu"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="维基百科个Atom订阅" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-俄罗斯 rootpage-俄罗斯 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="主菜单" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">囥起來</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="翻到封面[z]" accesskey="z"><span>封面</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%E9%97%A8%E5%A0%82" title="有关箇计划，啥好做，应该哪能做"><span>社区门堂</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出wiki里箇阶段个变化[r]" accesskey="r"><span>近段辰光个改动</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA" title="随机打开只页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机页面</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮忙</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span>特别页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-wuu.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.625em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-wuu.svg" width="120" height="16" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜寻维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜寻</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜寻维基百科" aria-label="搜寻维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜寻维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜寻</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="私人家伙"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=wuu.wikipedia.org&uselang=wuu" class=""><span>捐款</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="鼓励侬建立只账号并登录；不过也弗是板定要个" class=""><span>建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="鼓励侬登录进来；不过也弗是板定要个[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="私人家伙" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">私人家伙</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=wuu.wikipedia.org&uselang=wuu"><span>捐款</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="鼓励侬建立只账号并登录；不过也弗是板定要个"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="鼓励侬登录进来；不过也弗是板定要个[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="有关箇只IP地址编辑个讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讲张</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">囥起來</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-蒙古殖民" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#蒙古殖民"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>蒙古殖民</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-蒙古殖民-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第三罗马" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第三罗马"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>第三罗马</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第三罗马-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-缓慢前行" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#缓慢前行"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>缓慢前行</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-缓慢前行-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-帝国崛起" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#帝国崛起"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>帝国崛起</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-帝国崛起-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-解体之后" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#解体之后"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>解体之后</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-解体之后-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>地理</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>政治</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-行政区" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行政区"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>行政区</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-行政区-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-经济" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#经济"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>经济</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-经济-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>人口</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>宗教</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-宗教-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关宗教子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-东正教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#东正教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>东正教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-东正教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-回教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#回教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>回教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-回教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-传统信仰" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#传统信仰"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>传统信仰</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-传统信仰-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-佛教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#佛教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>佛教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-佛教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-军事" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#军事"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>军事</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-军事-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外交关系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外交关系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>外交关系</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外交关系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他主题" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他主题"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>其他主题</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他主题-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">俄罗斯</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。322种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-322" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">322種閒話</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Урыстәыла – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Урыстәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Урысые – 阿迪格语" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Урысые" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="阿迪格语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured articles"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – 南阿尔泰语" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="南阿尔泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B2%E1%8B%AB" title="ሩሲያ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩሲያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%E1%BB%8D%E1%B9%A3ia" title="Rọṣia – 奥博洛语" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Rọṣia" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奥博洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured articles"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܪܘܣܝܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܪܘܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ৰাছিয়া – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাছিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – 阿提卡米克语" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="阿提卡米克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ros%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Rosėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rosėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 巴塔克托巴文" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="巴塔克托巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Расія – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Расія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Расея – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan" title="Ruslan – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Русия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasia" title="Rasia – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Rasia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ရသျားခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရသျားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risila" title="Risila – 班巴拉语" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Risila" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="রাশিয়া – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨུ་རུ་སུ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨུ་རུ་སུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="রাশিয়া – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রাশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95" title="ᨑᨘᨔᨗᨕ – 布吉语" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨑᨘᨔᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="布吉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Оросой холбоото улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Оросой холбоото улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2%CC%A4-l%C3%B2%CC%A4-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Росси – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Росси" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 查莫罗语" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="查莫罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%B2%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A2" title="ᏲᏂᎢ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏲᏂᎢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 夏延语" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="夏延语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ڕووسیا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiye" title="Rusiye – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Rusiye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rusko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk%C3%B4" title="Ruskô – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ruskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%A1%D1%81%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Рѡсїꙗ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Рѡсїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%C3%A7%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Раççей Федерацийĕ – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Раççей Федерацийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwsia" title="Rwsia – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwsia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruccia" title="Ruccia – 丁卡语" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ruccia" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="丁卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusojska" title="Rusojska – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rusojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AB%DE%90%DE%A9%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ރޫސީވިލާތް – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރޫސީވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93" title="ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན – 宗卡语" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="宗卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 埃维语" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="埃维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ρωσία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusio" title="Rusio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rusio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venemaa" title="Venemaa – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Venemaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosiya" title="Roosiya – 富拉语" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Roosiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="富拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4" title="Venäjä – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinnemaa" title="Vinnemaa – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vinnemaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslun" title="Ruslun – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruslun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Ruslân – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ruslân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_R%C3%BAis" title="An Rúis – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Rúis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risi" title="Risi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Risi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ruis" title="An Ruis – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Ruis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="رۊسيه – 吉拉基文" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="رۊسيه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="吉拉基文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rr%C3%BAsia" title="Rrúsia – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rrúsia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 哥伦打洛语" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="哥伦打洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="રશિયા – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રશિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Roosh" title="Yn Roosh – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Roosh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasha" title="Rasha – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rasha" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2-l%C3%B2-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82" title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂ – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABsia" title="Rūsia – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Rūsia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="רוסיה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured articles"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruska" title="Ruska – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ruska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risi" title="Risi – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Risi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroszorsz%C3%A1g" title="Oroszország – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oroszország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ռուսաստան – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ռուսիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռուսիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpaghara_Russia" title="Mpaghara Russia – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mpaghara Russia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruusiq_(nuna)" title="Uruusiq (nuna) – 伊努皮克语" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uruusiq (nuna)" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="伊努皮克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Эрсече – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эрсече" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rússland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%85%E1%93%9B%E1%93%B4" title="ᐅᓛᓴ – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐅᓛᓴ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2" title="ロシア – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosha" title="Rosha – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Rosha" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rukygu%27e" title="rukygu'e – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rukygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan" title="Ruslan – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="რუსეთი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Rossiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Урысей – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Урысей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusii" title="Ruusii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruusii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshya" title="Roshya – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Roshya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racia" title="Racia – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Racia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ресей" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="រុស្ស៊ី – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រុស្ស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ರಷ್ಯಾ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="러시아 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Рочму – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Рочму" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия Федерация – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Россия Федерация" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B3" title="روٗس – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="روٗس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsya" title="Rûsya – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rûsya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Рочму – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Рочму" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi" title="Russi – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Russi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орусия – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орусия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Аьрасат – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Аьрасат" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Урусат – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Урусат" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwasha" title="Rwasha – 卢干达语" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Rwasha" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="卢干达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3slandj" title="Róslandj – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Róslandj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9scia" title="Rùscia – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Rùscia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruscia" title="Ruscia – 拉定语" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ruscia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="拉定语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCssia" title="Rüssia – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rüssia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%AD" title="Rusí – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Rusí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດລັດເຊຍ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດລັດເຊຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%ABveja" title="Krīveja – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Krīveja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievija" title="Krievija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 马都拉语" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="马都拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Россия мастор – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Россия мастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosia" title="Rosia – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rosia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Россий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Россий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABhia" title="Rūhia – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rūhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Русија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Русија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="റഷ്യ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured articles"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Орос – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Орос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" title="ရုရှာ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ရုရှာ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="रशिया – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Россий – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Россий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russja" title="Russja – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Russja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ရုရှားနိုင်ငံ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရုရှားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Россия Мастор – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Россия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslaand" title="Ruslaand – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ruslaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="रुस – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="रुस – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 尼亚斯语" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="尼亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured articles"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8C%DF%AC%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%AC%DF%9B%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߌ߬ߙߌ߬ߛߌ߫ – 西非书面文字" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߌ߬ߙߌ߬ߛߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="西非书面文字" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%CA%BC%C3%A9%C3%A9%CA%BC_%C5%81ich%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 齐切瓦语" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="齐切瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%27a" title="Ven'a – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ven'a" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raashiyaa" title="Raashiyaa – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Raashiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%8B%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ଋଷିଆ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଋଷିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%C3%A6%D1%80%C3%A6%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Уæрæсе – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уæрæсе" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਰੂਸ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 邦阿西南语" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="邦阿西南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – 尼日利亚皮钦语" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="尼日利亚皮钦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusha" title="Rusha – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Rusha" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosja" title="Rosja – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rosja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ρουσία – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ρουσία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured articles"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uburusiya" title="Uburusiya – 隆迪语" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Uburusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="隆迪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arusia" title="Arusia – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Arusia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Росія – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Росія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uburusiya" title="Uburusiya – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Uburusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="रास्या – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रास्या" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Арассыыйа – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Арассыыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9ssia" title="Rùssia – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rùssia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured articles"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roushie" title="Roushie – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roushie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1a" title="Ruošša – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruošša" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%AFi" title="Rusïi – 桑戈语" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Rusïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="桑戈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းရတ်ႈသျႃး – 掸语" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းရတ်ႈသျႃး" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="掸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="රුසියාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රුසියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rusko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1%C3%A2" title="Ruoššâ – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruoššâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhashiya" title="Rhashiya – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rhashiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruushka" title="Ruushka – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ruushka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Русија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Русија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – 苏里南汤加语" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="苏里南汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashea" title="Rashea – 南索托语" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Rashea" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="南索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslound" title="Ruslound – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruslound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryssland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusi" title="Urusi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Urusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusyjo" title="Rusyjo – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rusyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="உருசியா – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ರಷ್ಯಾ – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="రష్యా – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రష్యా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAsia" title="Rúsia – 德顿语" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Rúsia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="德顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Русия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศรัสเซีย – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศรัสเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%AB" title="ሩስያ – 提格利尼亚语" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሩስያ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="提格利尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi%C3%BDa" title="Russiýa – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Russiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusij%C9%99t" title="Urusijət – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Urusijət" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 茨瓦纳语" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="茨瓦纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%ABsia" title="Lūsia – 汤加语" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lūsia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasia" title="Rasia – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Rasia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 赛德克语" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="赛德克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhaxiya" title="Rhaxiya – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Rhaxiya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured articles"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABtia" title="Rūtia – 塔希提语" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Rūtia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="塔希提语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="روسىيە – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="روسىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Росія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Росія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rossiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashia" title="Rashia – 文达语" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Rashia" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="文达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9sia" title="Rùsia – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Rùsia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4ma" title="Venäma – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Venäma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nga" title="Nga – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A4n" title="Rusän – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rusän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsseye" title="Rûsseye – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rûsseye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riisi" title="Riisi – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Riisi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%86%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Орсин Ниицән – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Орсин Ниицән" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="რუსეთი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="רוסלאנד – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוסלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%E1%BB%8D%CC%81s%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Rọ́síà – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rọ́síà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngozlozswh" title="Ngozlozswh – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ngozlozswh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄罗斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CD%98-se-a" title="Lō͘-se-a – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lō͘-se-a" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名字空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="望内容页[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" rel="discussion" title="有关内容页面个讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">原文</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&variant=wuu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu"><span>原文</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-wuu-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&variant=wuu-hans" lang="wuu-Hans" hreflang="wuu-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-wuu-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&variant=wuu-hant" lang="wuu-Hant" hreflang="wuu-Hant"><span>正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="视图"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit" title="编辑该只页面个源码[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=history" title="该只页面老早个版本[h]" accesskey="h"><span>望历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="家生" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">家生</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">家生</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">囥起來</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit" title="编辑该只页面个源码[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=history"><span>望历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="链到箇里个所有wiki页面个清单[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链进来点啥</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" rel="nofollow" title="箇页链出去个全部页箇阶段变化[k]" accesskey="k"><span>搭界个改动</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=wuu" title="上传文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&oldid=321378" title="箇页当前版本个老世链接"><span>老世链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&id=321378&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关哪亨引用箇页个信息"><span>引用箇篇文章</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwuu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25BF%2584%25E7%25BD%2597%25E6%2596%25AF"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwuu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25BF%2584%25E7%25BD%2597%25E6%2596%25AF"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF"><span>创建书本</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=show-download-screen"><span>作为PDF下载</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&printable=yes" title="箇页个打印版[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印版</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 别个项目里向 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159" title="链接到有关数据存储库项[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">囥起來</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自维基百科，自由个百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="wuu" dir="ltr"><div style="position: relative; font-size: small;"> <table class="infobox bordered" cellpadding="4" style="width: 300px; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#e3e3e3"><b>Российская Федерация<br />俄罗斯联邦</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; background: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="border: 1px solid #bbbbbb; display: table-cell;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/188px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/250px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/110px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/165px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="517" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%;"> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="俄罗斯联邦国旗">国旗</a> </td> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯联邦国徽（页面弗存在）">国徽</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%8C" title="国歌">国歌</a>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E5%AE%8B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅宋聯邦國歌（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯联邦颂</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#c6c9ff"><b>自然地理</b><br /><small>（实际管辖区）</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationRussia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/LocationRussia.png/250px-LocationRussia.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/LocationRussia.png/375px-LocationRussia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/LocationRussia.png/500px-LocationRussia.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="740" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都">首都</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科">莫斯科</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>面积</b> <ul><li>国土面积：17,075,200平方公里</li> <li>水域率：0.5%%</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA" title="时区">时区</a></b> </td> <td>UTC +2至+12 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#33CC99"><b>人民生活</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="官方语言">官方语言</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>人口</b> <ul><li>总人口：143,974,059（2004年中估计数）</li> <li>人口密度：8/km<sup>2</sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#FFCC66"><b>政治文化</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>国家领导人：</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="国家元首">国家元首</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯联邦总统（页面弗存在）">总统</a>）：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%AC" title="弗拉基米尔·普京">弗拉基米尔·普京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91" title="政府首脑">政府首脑</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯联邦总理（页面弗存在）">总理</a>）：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E5%BE%B7%E9%9F%A6%E6%9D%B0%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅德韦杰夫（页面弗存在）">梅德韦杰夫</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#CC9966"><b>经济实力</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>货币单位</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%B8%83" title="卢布">卢布</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a></b> </td> <td>1.60 千亿<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="美元">美元</a>（列第9位） </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>人均<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a></b> </td> <td>11,209 美元（列第61位） </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="中央银行">中央银行</a></b> </td> <td>俄罗斯中央银行 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#FFCCCC"><b>国家资料</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>国家象征</b> </td> <td><li>国花：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%B5%E8%8A%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葵花（页面弗存在）">葵花</a> </li></td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E7%BC%A9%E5%86%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际域名缩写（页面弗存在）">国际域名缩写</a></b> </td> <td>.ru </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E5%8D%80%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="國際電話區號列表">国际电话区号</a></b> </td> <td>+7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="float:right; font-size:70%; padding:0 .5em 0 .5em"><a class="external text" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=0"><small>編輯</small></a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p><b>俄罗斯联邦</b>（<span lang="ru">Российская Федерация</span>），简称<b>俄罗斯</b>，也叫做<b>俄国</b>（Россия），老早也叫做俄罗斯，是世界浪<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国家面积列表（页面弗存在）">面积顶顶大</a>个国家，地跨欧亚两大洲。俄罗斯联邦搭下底几个国家夹界（逆时针方向）：<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="拉脱维亚">拉脱维亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-disambig" title="蒙古">蒙古</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C" title="朝鲜">朝鲜</a>，搭<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>隔海相望。绵延个海岸线从<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋">北冰洋</a>一径延伸到北<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a>，还包括内陆海<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%B5%B7" title="里海">里海</a>。作为<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">前苏联</a>主要加盟共和国，俄罗斯联邦原是一个蛮有影响力个国家，特别勒勒由12个前苏联加盟共和国组成个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%AC%E8%81%94%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="独联体（页面弗存在）">独联体</a>组织里向。1991年，苏联解体，俄罗斯继承苏联，成为<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安全理事会（页面弗存在）">安全理事会</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="安理会">安理会</a>）<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="常任理事国（页面弗存在）">常任理事国</a>，并对议案拥有<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A6%E5%86%B3%E6%9D%83" title="否决权">否决权</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint" style="font-size:small">主文章：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="俄罗斯历史">俄罗斯历史</a></div></dd></dl> <p>俄罗斯顶早个政权是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="维京人">维京人</a>建立个<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="基辅罗斯">基辅罗斯</a>公國（Киевская Русь）。伊拉接受<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="拜占庭帝国">拜占庭帝国</a>个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" title="东正教">东正教</a>，成为伊拉区别西面<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="天主教">天主教</a>民族个一个重要标志。老早个<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="留里克王朝">留里克王朝</a>是三个北欧人建立个。从迭个辰光开始，俄罗斯文化就带有老强个外来色彩。 </p><p>基辅罗斯是一个大国，大公通过封建统治个方法，拿国土分把伊下头个贵族，从11世纪开始，大公个权利被削弱，出现交关半独立个公国，弗过来勒迭个辰光，俄罗斯人搭后来个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰人（页面弗存在）">乌克兰人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="白俄罗斯人">白俄罗斯人</a>还没啥大个区别。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="蒙古殖民"><span id=".E8.92.99.E5.8F.A4.E6.AE.96.E6.B0.91"></span>蒙古殖民</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：蒙古殖民"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>到13世纪初期个辰光，基辅罗斯拨蒙古人征服，蒙古人来勒南俄罗斯草原建立了<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%90%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="金帐汗国">金帐汗国</a>，对俄罗斯个小邦国展开统治，迭个统治持续了交关年数，也成为俄罗斯历史发展个一个转折点。因为<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%90%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="金帐汗国">金帐汗国</a>没办法控制所有个基辅罗斯地区，来勒现在个乌克兰搭白俄罗斯地区，逐渐成为无主之地。有西面个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波兰王国（页面弗存在）">波兰王国</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="立陶宛大公国">立陶宛大公国</a>开始殖民统治。东面个诺夫哥罗德地区，一直来勒<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙古人（页面弗存在）">蒙古人</a>个统治下，受到蒙古人交关影响，从迭个辰光开始，俄罗斯个历史文化开始有自家个特色。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第三罗马"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.BD.97.E9.A9.AC"></span>第三罗马</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：第三罗马"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>后期俄罗斯中部个一个贵族建立<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="莫斯科大公国">莫斯科大公国</a>，迭个国家来勒14世纪末击败<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%90%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="金帐汗国">金帐汗国</a>，开始自治，15世纪初开始逐步吞并周边个邦国。到1453年<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="拜占庭帝国">拜占庭帝国</a>灭亡后，莫斯科大公<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="伊凡三世">伊凡三世</a>搭拜占庭个末代公主结婚，开始自称是罗马帝国个继承人。又拿双头鹰作为国徽。开始加速吞并周边个小国。15世纪末，又彻底脱离金帐汗国个控制，成为独立政权。到伊个孙子<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="伊凡四世">伊凡四世</a>辰光，通过继承<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙古黄金家族（页面弗存在）">蒙古黄金家族</a>个法统，实现<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E6%92%92" class="mw-redirect" title="凯撒">凯撒</a>搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大汗（页面弗存在）">大汗</a>头衔个叠加，随后又对<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%95%99" title="回教">回教</a>开展。灭脱了<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B1%B1%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="喀山汗国">喀山汗国</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿斯特拉罕汗国（页面弗存在）">阿斯特拉罕汗国</a>，开始向东方扩张。弗过，迭个辰光个俄罗斯，还是一个落后个农业国，呒啥西方个影响，穿着思想高头侪相当于一个拜占庭搭蒙古人个混合国家。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_tsars_by_I.Repin_(1900,_GRM).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Two_tsars_by_I.Repin_%281900%2C_GRM%29.jpg/220px-Two_tsars_by_I.Repin_%281900%2C_GRM%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Two_tsars_by_I.Repin_%281900%2C_GRM%29.jpg/330px-Two_tsars_by_I.Repin_%281900%2C_GRM%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Two_tsars_by_I.Repin_%281900%2C_GRM%29.jpg/440px-Two_tsars_by_I.Repin_%281900%2C_GRM%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1797" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>两个沙皇</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="缓慢前行"><span id=".E7.BC.93.E6.85.A2.E5.89.8D.E8.A1.8C"></span>缓慢前行</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：缓慢前行"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>16世纪末，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="伊凡四世">伊凡四世</a>死脱之后，俄罗斯开始逐渐动乱。因为国内贵族个内斗，引入西面大国<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>轮番干涉俄罗斯事物，酿成17世纪初个大危机。波兰人开入莫斯科，扶植假沙皇，俄罗斯面临亡国。到1612年，俄罗斯人民自发个爱国运动达到高潮，终于拿波兰侵略者赶跑。让<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗曼诺夫（页面弗存在）">罗曼诺夫</a>家族登上皇位，从此开始<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="罗曼诺夫王朝">罗曼诺夫王朝</a>。17世纪个俄罗斯，是一个处于缓慢改革当中个国家，来勒军事方面，搭迭个辰光交关内亚帝国一淘，训练交关新军。弗过来勒社会层面，还一经是老个一套，教会掌控教育，科学基本呒，妇女地位低下。来勒领土扩张高头，主要实现向东方个扩张，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="西伯利亚">西伯利亚</a>成为俄罗斯个领土。来勒西面，搭<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>进行长辰光对立，从1630年到1670年，战争进行交关年数。顶大个收获是拿<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a>个<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B" title="哥萨克">哥萨克</a>控制到自家手里向。1650年代，沙皇支持俄罗斯个新<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A7%E9%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牧首（页面弗存在）">牧首</a>尼康对教会进行改革，引发俄罗斯教徒老大个弗满，造成教会分裂，一部分坚持老早礼拜方式个人，逃到北面，拨成为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%81%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="老信仰者（页面弗存在）">老信仰者</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="帝国崛起"><span id=".E5.B8.9D.E5.9B.BD.E5.B4.9B.E8.B5.B7"></span>帝国崛起</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：帝国崛起"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="彼得大帝">彼得大帝</a>个改革，是俄罗斯历史发展高头个关键点。彼得对俄罗斯进行全面个改革，从衣着服饰到社交礼仪，还有军事政治、教育科技，侪放弃老早个固有内亚传统，强制性向西欧靠拢。为达到目的，彼得大帝通过铁腕个方式让弗跟随伊个贵族收税，罚款。又惩罚反抗伊个人，包括伊自家个儿子。同时，为获得出海口，彼得大帝搭<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>进行长辰光战争，被称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="大北方战争">大北方战争</a>，战后，俄罗斯获得胜利，获得<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E6%B9%BE" title="芬兰湾">芬兰湾</a>高头个出海口，终于冲出内亚，向海洋文明发展。到18世纪初，彼得大帝又拿首都迁到<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%A0%A1" title="圣彼得堡">圣彼得堡</a>，创建科学院，贵族院，印刷报纸，开设博物馆。从迭个辰光开始，俄罗斯开始成为一个真正意义高头个欧洲国家。到18世纪20年代，俄罗斯开始正式号称<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯帝国">俄罗斯帝国</a>。之后又拿土耳其、波兰击败。并且成功反击了<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91" title="拿破仑">拿破仑</a>个入侵。1815年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="维也纳会议">维也纳会议</a>后，俄罗斯成为欧洲主宰国家。弗过改革困难让俄罗斯发展缓慢。1854年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%9C%A8%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克里木战争（页面弗存在）">克里木战争</a>个失败，让俄罗斯开始改革，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9C%E5%A5%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="解放农奴（页面弗存在）">解放农奴</a>搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大博弈（页面弗存在）">大博弈</a>是迭个辰光个主旋律。1870年代，俄罗斯吞并中亚，又来勒与满洲帝国争夺<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="内亚">内亚</a>个交锋中取得胜利。夺取<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E6%BB%A1%E6%B4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外满洲（页面弗存在）">外满洲</a>搭安集延地区。同时文化也邪气发达，涌现了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托尔斯泰（页面弗存在）">托尔斯泰</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="柴可夫斯基">柴可夫斯基</a>等大师。弗过国内个改革也带来仔交关问题。极端主义搭自由主义思想泛滥。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%80%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B" title="布尔什维克">布尔什维克</a>开始传播。到<a href="/wiki/20%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="20世纪">20世纪</a>，1904年个<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E4%BF%84%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="日俄战争">日俄战争</a>当中个失败，让沙皇被迫改革，成立半责任内阁。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%B4%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="头一次世界大战（页面弗存在）">头一次世界大战</a>个辰光，俄罗斯勒军事浪惨败。接下去俄罗斯国内发生内战，后首来<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="十月革命">十月革命</a>勒1917年爆发。 </p><p>之後朆有多少辰光，共產黨勒<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AF%A7" title="列寧">列寧</a>領導下头取得政權，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟</a>也由此成立。勒<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="斯大林">斯大林</a>领导個辰光，蘇聯由一個農業國迅速工業化，並且實行農業集體化。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>當中对<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="纳粹德国">纳粹德国</a>个胜利，使得苏联发展成<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="冷战">冷战</a>当中个<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD" title="超级大国">超级大国</a>（还有一个是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>），并侵占中国<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%8A%AA%E4%B9%8C%E6%A2%81%E6%B5%B7" title="唐努乌梁海">唐努乌梁海</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E7%9E%8E%E5%AD%90%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑瞎子岛（页面弗存在）">黑瞎子岛</a>等荡化，而且策划<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" title="外蒙古">外蒙古</a>脫離中國獨立。到仔<a href="/wiki/1980%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1980年代">1980年代</a>末期，苏联进行多项改革，但是原朆有办法改变1991年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="苏联解体">解体</a>个命运。搿一年个8月24号，俄罗斯苏维埃联邦共和国宣布独立，成为俄罗斯联邦。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="解体之后"><span id=".E8.A7.A3.E4.BD.93.E4.B9.8B.E5.90.8E"></span>解体之后</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：解体之后"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>苏联解体之后，俄罗斯遭受老强烈个动荡，来勒经济方面，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B6%E5%88%A9%E9%92%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="叶利钦（页面弗存在）">叶利钦</a>采用西方经济学家教导伊个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%91%E5%85%8B%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="休克疗法（页面弗存在）">休克疗法</a>改造老早个国有经济，弗过执行老弗成功，大部分财富侪没落到国家或者老百姓手里向，反过来培养一批靠投机倒把致富个寡头。这些寡头，大部分侪是经济转型辰光有心计个人，通过各种手段获得国有资产或者资源，又通过混乱个政治局面获得上台个可能，拿自家洗白，所以1990年代末，俄罗斯个财富大部分侪来勒伊拉手里向。俄罗斯个经济则一塌糊涂，弗仅服务业发展呒成效，就是老早强力个<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="重工业">重工业</a>也彻底萧条。人民生活条件推板，国力迅速下降。叶利钦为平衡经济问题，弗断任命新个官员，执行新个政策，弗过因为苏联后期个问题积累搭独立后个用人弗当，让俄罗斯经济一直弗好。 </p><p>来勒国内局势方面，因为老早个<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="共产主义">共产主义</a>价值观崩溃，造成一些被打压交关辰光个<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="民族主义">民族主义</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%81%E7%AB%AF%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="极端宗教（页面弗存在）">极端宗教</a>思想抬头，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E5%A4%B4%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光头党（页面弗存在）">光头党</a>搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新纳粹（页面弗存在）">新纳粹</a>成为交关年轻人个选择。来勒一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%95%99" title="回教">回教</a>地区，宗教搭民族主义合流，成为分离主义个标志。尤其严重个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%A6%E8%87%A3%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="车臣战争（页面弗存在）">车臣战争</a>让俄罗斯军队个虚弱暴露，也让俄罗斯陷入反对恐怖主义个泥潭当中。 </p><p>到2000年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="普京">普京</a>接任总统，采取权威主义个统治方式，对恐怖分子采取高压，又打击经济寡头。促进俄罗斯个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源出口（页面弗存在）">能源出口</a>，来勒几年之内，让俄罗斯逐渐稳定下来。弗过，俄罗斯个贫富差距并呒缩小，一些边远地区人口弗短减少，经济结构也主要以出口能源为主，国际竞争能力弗是老强。普京努力克服这些问题，又来勒世界高头维护俄罗斯个大国地位。为此，搭弗断挤压自家空间个西方国家发生好几趟冲突，比方2008年个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格鲁吉亚冲突（页面弗存在）">格鲁吉亚冲突</a>搭2014年个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克里米亚冲突（页面弗存在）">克里米亚冲突</a>。2014年俄罗斯吞并克里米亚之后，又搭乌克兰爆发新一轮个冲突。搭欧盟以及美国个关系也逐步紧张。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86"></span>地理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：地理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint" style="font-size:small">主文章：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯地理（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯地理</a></div></dd></dl> <p>俄罗斯联邦跨越欧亚大陆个北部大部分地区，地势及气候变化多端。全境大部分地区属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="平原">平原</a>，特别是欧洲部分搭仔亚洲个<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="西伯利亚">西伯利亚</a>地区。南部平原大部分是干旷草原，而北部平原则大部分是森林地区。山脉多集中勒南部边境，像<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="大高加索山脉">大高加索山脉</a>搭仔<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E5%BD%A6-%E8%B4%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨彦-贝加尔山脉（页面弗存在）">萨彦-贝加尔山脉</a>。比较中央个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="乌拉尔山脉">乌拉尔山脉</a>是欧洲搭仔亚洲个主要分界线。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rs-map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Rs-map.jpg/450px-Rs-map.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Rs-map.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>俄罗斯联邦拥有绵延37,000公里个海岸线，跨越北冰洋搭仔太平洋，以及内陆个<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%8F%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="裏海">里海</a>。有星小个海域则属于大洋个一部分：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%A6%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="巴伦支海">巴伦支海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7" title="白海">白海</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%B5%B7" title="东西伯利亚海">东西伯利亚海</a>属于北冰洋，而<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%B5%B7" title="白令海">白令海</a>搭仔<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="日本海">日本海</a>等则属于太平洋。 </p><p>交关大河流经平原到达海洋。主要河流包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="伏尔加河">伏尔加河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%9A%E6%AF%95%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="颚毕河（页面弗存在）">颚毕河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%B0%BC%E5%A1%9E%E6%B2%B3" title="叶尼塞河">叶尼塞河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E6%8B%BF%E6%B2%B3" title="勒拿河">勒拿河</a>以及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%A9%86%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿穆尔河（页面弗存在）">阿穆尔河</a>（即<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%BE%99%E6%B1%9F" title="黑龙江">黑龙江</a>）。主要湖泊有<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%B9%96" title="贝加尔湖">贝加尔湖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%8A%A0%E6%B9%96" title="拉多加湖">拉多加湖</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%B6%85%E5%8A%A0%E6%B9%96" title="奥涅加湖">奥涅加湖</a>了啥。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯城市列表（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯城市列表</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB"></span>政治</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：政治"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint" style="font-size:small">主文章：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯政治（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯政治</a></div></dd></dl> <p>俄罗斯联邦实行个是联邦民主制。<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="总统">总统</a>是国家元首，任期4年，由人民直接选举产生。总统有相当大个行政权力，有权任命<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="总理">总理</a>等高级官员，但必须经议会批准。总统同时也是武装部队个首领搭国家安全会议主席，还好弗经过议会直接颁布法令。 </p><p>俄罗斯联邦议会，简称联邦议会（Федеральное Собрание），由上下两院组成。上院联邦会议（Совет Федерации）有178名代表，任期4年，89个地方分区可以任命2名代表，下院<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%9D%9C%E9%A9%AC" title="国家杜马">国家杜马</a>（Государственная Дума）有450名代表，任期4年，其中225人由国民代表大会选举产生，还有225人则按比例登全国政党当中选出组成。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="行政区"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E5.8C.BA"></span>行政区</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：行政区"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>参见：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯行政区（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯行政区</a></i> </p><p>俄罗斯联邦由89个弗同个行政分区组成。联邦有21个享有交关自由个共和国。该星共和国往往是俄罗斯联邦个少数民族聚居区。剩下来个行政区包括49个州（Области ）搭6个区（Края）。当中有10个自治区域搭1个自治州。除此之外，还有两个联邦城市，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科">莫斯科</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%A0%A1" title="圣彼得堡">圣彼得堡</a>。2000年，按照<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="总统">总统</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="普京">普京</a>个指示，俄罗斯联邦再分作7个按地域分界、包含行政分区个联邦区域。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="经济"><span id=".E7.BB.8F.E6.B5.8E"></span>经济</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：经济"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="苏联解体">苏联解体</a>仔个十来年当中，俄罗斯联邦还勒浪用劲把力建立现代化个<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="市场经济">市场经济</a>搭仔实现较强个经济增长。俄罗斯联邦行政搭立法机构也意识着，国家个工业基础搭仔进一步个改革面临严重问题，并且使得俄罗斯联邦个经济勒苏联解体仔连甩5年下滑。 </p><p>1997年俄罗斯联邦经济有星复苏。1998年个财政危机导致当年8月<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%B8%83" title="卢布">卢布</a>贬值，债务加剧以及人民生活水平严重下滑。必过勒1999到2001年当中，凭借较高个石油价钱搭仔疲软个卢布，俄罗斯联邦个经济再度复苏，平均每年增长6%。 </p><p>该次个复苏，再加上新政府对基础经济进行个改革，已经提升仔投资者对俄罗斯联邦个信心。尚况俄罗斯联邦还是交关倚赖天然资源出口，特别是占总出口80%个<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油">石油</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="天然气">天然气</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属">金属</a>搭仔<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材">木材</a>。 </p><p>2005年底，俄罗斯<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国民生产总值（页面弗存在）">国民生产总值</a>由1999年个1570亿美元恢复增长到约7500亿美元，黄金<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E6%B1%87%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外汇储备（页面弗存在）">外汇储备</a>由1998年底个弗满100亿美金增长到1822亿美金。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3"></span>人口</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：人口"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>请参见：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯人口（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯人口</a></i> </p><p>俄罗斯2006年人口1.42亿。人口持续减少，每年减少约70万，主要原因是担心住房、医疗搭教育问题，大多数俄罗斯家庭选择只养一个小人。长年个人口下降，成为俄罗斯一个严重个社会问题。自从<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="普京">普京</a>担任总统后，迭个问题一直受到伊个重视，一直出台大量个刺激政策，鼓励大家多生养小人。并且控制酒类销售，增长男人个寿命。到2013年，俄罗斯人口终于实现正增长哉。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>由于俄罗斯联邦幅员广阔，所以人口密度较低；大部分人口主要侪住勒垃俄罗斯联邦个欧洲部分，乌拉尔山脉地区以及西伯利亚个东南部。俄罗斯联邦内也有交关少数民族以及土著人口。总人口个80%以上是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="俄罗斯人">俄罗斯人</a>，剩下来个包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="巴什基尔人">巴什基尔人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A6%E8%87%A3%E4%BA%BA" title="车臣人">车臣人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%93%A6%E4%BB%80%E4%BA%BA" title="楚瓦什人">楚瓦什人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9E%91%E9%9D%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="鞑靼人">鞑靼人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼人</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰人（页面弗存在）">乌克兰人</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达格斯坦人（页面弗存在）">达格斯坦人</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朝鲜人（页面弗存在）">朝鲜人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>搭仔<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="白俄罗斯人">白俄罗斯人</a>等。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a>是唯一个官方语言，但是勿同个共和国经常拿自家个民族语言作为共和国内个官方语言。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" title="东正教">东正教</a>是联邦内个主要宗教，其他个宗教包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教新教（页面弗存在）">基督教新教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马天主教">罗马天主教</a>跟<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>请参见：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯文化（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯文化</a></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯人列表（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯人列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯文学（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯文学</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%97%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯诗人（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯诗人</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯大学列表（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯大学列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%BE%85%E5%AE%8B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:羅宋音樂家（页面弗存在）">羅宋音樂家</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>宗教</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：宗教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>请参见：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯宗教（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯宗教</a></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="东正教"><span id=".E4.B8.9C.E6.AD.A3.E6.95.99"></span>东正教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：东正教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Orthodox_Church_followers.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Russian_Orthodox_Church_followers.png/220px-Russian_Orthodox_Church_followers.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Russian_Orthodox_Church_followers.png/330px-Russian_Orthodox_Church_followers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Russian_Orthodox_Church_followers.png/440px-Russian_Orthodox_Church_followers.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>俄罗斯东正教信徒分布</figcaption></figure> <p>自从公元10世纪接受东正教开始，俄罗斯就一直是一个传统个东正教国家。俄罗斯自从<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%97%E6%B4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗斯受洗（页面弗存在）">罗斯受洗</a>后，就确立正教信仰。来勒沙皇统治个辰光，东正教搭沙皇作为俄罗斯民族认同个两个核心，得到整个民族搭军队里向个拥戴，东正教也起到安定人心，增强战斗力个作用。沙皇自认为是<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="第三罗马">第三罗马</a>个皇帝，东正教也认为俄罗斯一定会统治全世界。弗过因为沙皇拒绝教会对伊权力个挑战，教会一直作为皇权个附庸存在。 </p><p>到<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>辰光，东正教受到迫害，交关教堂被拆脱，僧侣被杀脱。一直到斯大林死脱之后，才对东正教稍许有放松。弗过一直有严密个监视。 </p><p>到<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="苏联解体">苏联解体</a>后，东正教开始全面复兴，恢复伊拉来勒历史高头个地位。现在俄罗斯个总统、总理侪是东正教信徒，东正教人口每年侪来勒增加，并且搭俄罗斯个民族意识联系邪气紧密，成为俄罗斯人替代<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="共产主义">共产主义</a>个寄托。近年个统计显示，俄罗斯个东正教信徒比例已经超过百分之四十。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="回教"><span id=".E5.9B.9E.E6.95.99"></span>回教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：回教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>俄罗斯现在有一千多万回教人口，多数是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9E%91%E9%9D%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鞑靼斯坦（页面弗存在）">鞑靼斯坦</a>搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中亚地区（页面弗存在）">中亚地区</a>个居民。回教来勒历史高头是<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%90%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="金帐汗国">金帐汗国</a>个宗教，对俄罗斯个存亡产生过老长辰光个威胁。现在俄罗斯人对<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%95%99" title="回教">回教</a>还是弗大有正面评价。穆斯林搭俄罗斯人个冲突一直比较紧张。老著名个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%A6%E8%87%A3%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="车臣问题（页面弗存在）">车臣问题</a>，就有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%95%99" title="回教">回教</a>个因素来勒里向。2014年乌克兰冲突中，就有交关来自<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A6%E8%87%A3" title="车臣">车臣</a>个穆斯林为乌克兰政府军作战，新成立个<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="伊斯兰国">ISIS</a>也威胁要攻击俄罗斯，作为俄罗斯打击车臣个“报复”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="传统信仰"><span id=".E4.BC.A0.E7.BB.9F.E4.BF.A1.E4.BB.B0"></span>传统信仰</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：传统信仰"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>俄罗斯老早是多神教崇拜民族，来勒<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%97%E6%B4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗斯受洗（页面弗存在）">罗斯受洗</a>后，多神教消失。弗过苏联解体之后，交关俄罗斯人开始追寻祖先个信仰。现在俄罗斯有170多万传统信仰个人口，是国内第三大信仰派别。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="佛教"><span id=".E4.BD.9B.E6.95.99"></span>佛教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：佛教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>俄罗斯个佛教信徒大部分是老早个蒙古人。伊拉信仰个佛教，是16世纪开始传播个<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E6%B4%BE" title="格鲁派">格鲁派</a>藏传佛教。现在，俄罗斯个<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="卡尔梅克共和国">卡尔梅克共和国</a>是欧洲唯一以佛教为主要宗教个实体国家。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Orthodox_cross_5.png" class="mw-file-description" title="俄罗斯正教十字架"><img alt="俄罗斯正教十字架" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Russian_Orthodox_cross_5.png/120px-Russian_Orthodox_cross_5.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Russian_Orthodox_cross_5.png/180px-Russian_Orthodox_cross_5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Russian_Orthodox_cross_5.png/240px-Russian_Orthodox_cross_5.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">俄罗斯正教十字架</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_orthodox_church_outside_russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="海外个俄罗斯教堂"><img alt="海外个俄罗斯教堂" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Russian_orthodox_church_outside_russia.jpg/120px-Russian_orthodox_church_outside_russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Russian_orthodox_church_outside_russia.jpg/180px-Russian_orthodox_church_outside_russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Russian_orthodox_church_outside_russia.jpg/240px-Russian_orthodox_church_outside_russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2376" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">海外个俄罗斯教堂</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lidcombe_Russian_Orthodox_Church.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lidcombe Russian Orthodox Church"><img alt="Lidcombe Russian Orthodox Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lidcombe_Russian_Orthodox_Church.JPG/120px-Lidcombe_Russian_Orthodox_Church.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lidcombe_Russian_Orthodox_Church.JPG/180px-Lidcombe_Russian_Orthodox_Church.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lidcombe_Russian_Orthodox_Church.JPG/240px-Lidcombe_Russian_Orthodox_Church.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lidcombe Russian Orthodox Church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_172139_Dmitry_Medvedev_visits_Kazan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="梅德韦杰夫来勒喀山会见回教领袖"><img alt="梅德韦杰夫来勒喀山会见回教领袖" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RIAN_archive_172139_Dmitry_Medvedev_visits_Kazan.jpg/120px-RIAN_archive_172139_Dmitry_Medvedev_visits_Kazan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RIAN_archive_172139_Dmitry_Medvedev_visits_Kazan.jpg/180px-RIAN_archive_172139_Dmitry_Medvedev_visits_Kazan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RIAN_archive_172139_Dmitry_Medvedev_visits_Kazan.jpg/240px-RIAN_archive_172139_Dmitry_Medvedev_visits_Kazan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="622" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">梅德韦杰夫来勒喀山会见回教领袖</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="军事"><span id=".E5.86.9B.E4.BA.8B"></span>军事</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：军事"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>苏联解体仔，俄罗斯继承着苏联个大部分军事力量，成为有世界影响个军事强国之一。俄罗斯正规军由陆军、海军、空军、国土防空军搭仔战略火箭军组成。有规模庞大个核武库，根据其官方勒2005年宣布个结果，俄罗斯个核弹头数量为：4732枚。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外交关系"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E4.BA.A4.E5.85.B3.E7.B3.BB"></span>外交关系</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：外交关系"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中俄关系（页面弗存在）">中俄关系</a></li></ul> <p>俄罗斯帝国原是欧洲国家，搭中国弗隔界。俄罗斯帝国自<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="清代">清代</a>以来，占领中国交关领土，是占领中国领土顶顶多个国家。畀俄罗斯帝国占领个中国领土包括（自东向西）：库页岛、乌苏里江以东土地、黑龙江北至<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E5%85%B4%E5%AE%89%E5%B2%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外兴安岭（页面弗存在）">外兴安岭</a>土地、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%B9%96" title="贝加尔湖">贝加尔湖</a>以东土地、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%8A%AA%E4%B9%8C%E6%A2%81%E6%B5%B7" title="唐努乌梁海">唐努乌梁海</a>等。另外，俄罗斯帝国勒<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外蒙古独立（页面弗存在）">外蒙古独立</a>事件当中起过关键性个作用。 </p><p>勒<a href="/wiki/20%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="20世纪">20世纪</a>个压末几年，中俄两国政府勒<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E7%9E%8E%E5%AD%90%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑瞎子岛（页面弗存在）">黑瞎子岛</a>划定边界，中国收回畀俄罗斯实际控制个该岛个一半，另一半划进俄罗斯疆界，历史<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Lang4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Lang4（页面弗存在）">Template:Lang4</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Ga（页面弗存在）">Template:Ga</a>个岛是属于中国个。 </p><p>由于俄罗斯个原因，<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-disambig" title="蒙古">蒙古</a>搭仔<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E6%B9%96" title="巴尔喀什湖">巴尔喀什湖</a>以东、以南个交关荡化也不再是中国<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%9F" title="领土">领土</a>。 </p><p>透過中俄多次磋商搭仔簽訂協定，2004年《中華人民共和國和俄羅斯聯邦關於中俄國界東段的補充協定》後，兩國勒領土爭端浪个問題大致浪解決（zai1）。中俄兩國現處於持續發展戰略搭仔經濟友好關係。 </p><p><i><small>参见<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄美关系（页面弗存在）">俄美关系</a>搭仔<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E6%97%A5%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄日关系（页面弗存在）">俄日关系</a></small></i> </p><p>自从<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>勒第二次世界大戰里向拨<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>佔據<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E5%9B%9B%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="北方四岛">北方四岛</a>，兩個國家还朆簽訂和約，理論（lang4）兩國还勒浪作戰對抗。自1990年代<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%89%E5%88%A9%E6%AC%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葉利欽（页面弗存在）">葉利欽</a>作為俄罗斯联邦總統，日俄開始對北方四島進行談判，（bg）雙方分歧还是勒浪。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他主题"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E4.B8.BB.E9.A2.98"></span>其他主题</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：其他主题"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯通讯（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯通讯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯交通（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯交通</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯军事（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯军事</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯外交（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯外交</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯旅游（页面弗存在）">俄罗斯旅游</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%99%BD%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄白联盟（页面弗存在）">俄白联盟</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/68px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/90px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption> </figcaption></figure> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>里向寻得着搭该篇文章搭界个多媒体资源： <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Russia">俄罗斯</a></b></div> </div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.ru/">Gov.ru</a> - 俄罗斯联邦官方网站</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194314/http://jingji.cntv.cn/2014/01/14/ARTI1389660536435999.shtml">Archive copy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jingji.cntv.cn/2014/01/14/ARTI1389660536435999.shtml">原始文档</a>勒2016-03-04存档. 访问日脚2014-03-11.</span> </li> </ol></div> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="Template:亚洲行政区划"><span title="查看箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">望</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:亚洲行政区划（页面弗存在）"><span title="討論箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">论</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92&action=edit"><span title="編纂箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">编</span></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">东亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>（包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="澳門">澳門</a><sup><small>2</small></sup>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="中华民国">中华民国</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">大韩民国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="東帝汶">東帝汶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律宾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝">老挝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8" title="缅甸">缅甸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%8E%B1" title="文莱">文莱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="印尼">印尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E" title="巴布亞新幾內亞">巴布亞新幾內亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%AF%9E%E5%B2%9B" title="圣诞岛">圣诞岛</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%EF%BC%88%E5%9F%BA%E6%9E%97%EF%BC%89%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="科科斯（基林）群岛">科科斯（基林）群岛</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="南亚">南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹">不丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="马尔代夫">马尔代夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD" title="孟加拉国">孟加拉国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里兰卡">斯里兰卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="英属印度洋领地">英属印度洋领地</a>（查戈斯群岛）<sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中亚">中亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克斯坦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="西亚">西亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯联合酋长国">阿拉伯联合酋长国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC" title="阿曼">阿曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%BA-%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB" title="纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫">纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E8%8C%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="阿布哈茲">阿布哈茲</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF" title="南奥塞梯">南奥塞梯</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="巴勒斯坦国">巴勒斯坦</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97" title="巴林">巴林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="卡塔尔">卡塔尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9" title="科威特">科威特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯">沙特阿拉伯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="亚美尼亚">亚美尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="也门">也门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="伊拉克">伊拉克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%B5%A6%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF" title="塞浦路斯">塞浦路斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A1%9E%E6%B5%A6%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF" title="北塞浦路斯">北塞浦路斯</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E8%92%82%E9%87%8C%E6%90%AD%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿克罗蒂里搭德凯利亚（页面弗存在）">阿克罗蒂里搭德凯利亚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="北亚">北亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">俄罗斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">註1：弗受普遍承认个国家。註2：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="属地">属地</a>搭著<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自治地方（页面弗存在）">自治地方</a>。</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="世界地理索引">世界地理索引</a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="亞洲">亞洲</a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="南极洲">南极洲</a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首都列表">各国首都列表</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="Template:欧洲行政区划"><span title="查看箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">望</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:欧洲行政区划（页面弗存在）"><span title="討論箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">论</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92&action=edit"><span title="編纂箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">编</span></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西欧">西欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" title="尼德兰">尼德兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7" title="北欧">北欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E5%A3%AB%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦士登">列支敦士登</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">东欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%AE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="羅宋">羅宋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="愛沙尼亞">愛沙尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="拉脱维亚">拉脱维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B6%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8" title="聶斯特河沿岸">聶斯特河沿岸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="色雷斯">色雷斯</a>地區</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="南欧">南欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="阿爾巴尼亞">阿爾巴尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94" title="安道尔">安道尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%90%AD%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚搭黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚搭黑塞哥维那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%B5%A6%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF" title="塞浦路斯">塞浦路斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF" title="北马其顿">北马其顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">马耳他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1" title="黑山">黑山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="罗马尼亚">罗马尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%BA" title="圣马力诺">圣马力诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛文尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">海外<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%AC%E5%9C%B0" title="屬地">屬地</a>搭<br />其他特殊政區</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="法罗群岛">法罗群岛</a>（丹麥）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布罗陀</a>（英國）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%9B" title="根西岛">根西岛</a>（英國）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%B2%9B" title="马恩岛">马恩岛</a>（英國）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E9%A6%AC%E5%BB%B6%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="揚馬延島">揚馬延島</a>（挪威）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B3%B6" title="澤西島">澤西島</a>（英國）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="斯瓦尔巴群岛">斯瓦尔巴群岛</a>（挪威）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="世界地理索引">世界地理索引</a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="南极洲">南极洲</a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="亞洲">亞洲</a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首都列表">各国首都列表</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:亚洲太平洋经济合作组织（页面弗存在）"><span title="查看箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">望</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:亚洲太平洋经济合作组织（页面弗存在）"><span title="討論箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">论</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87&action=edit"><span title="編纂箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">编</span></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="亚洲太平洋经济合作组织">亚洲太平洋经济合作组织</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%8E%B1" title="文莱">文莱</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利">智利</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">中国香港</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="中华民国">中华台北</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">大韩民国</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0" title="新西兰">新西兰</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="巴布亚新几内亚">巴布亚新几内亚</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81" title="秘鲁">秘鲁</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律宾</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">俄罗斯</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-collapsible" style="clear: both; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; text-align: center;"> <div style="background-color:#bbccee;"> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%9B%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="八国集团">八国集团</a></b> <b>(G8)</b></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size:100%; padding:2px;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大"><img alt="加拿大" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>  <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国"><img alt="法国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>  <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="德國"><img alt="德國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>  <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="義大利"><img alt="義大利" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>  <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本"><img alt="日本" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯"><img alt="俄羅斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">俄罗斯</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国"><img alt="英国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>  <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="美國"><img alt="美國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%88%A9%E5%9D%9A%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="美利坚合众国">美利坚合众国</a> </p> </div> </div> <p><br /> <br clear="all" /> </p> <table id="toc" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%"><div style="float:left;width:50px;"> </div><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BD%93" title="独立国家联合体">独立国家联合体</a></b></th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_CIS.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="獨立國協會旗"><img alt="獨立國協會旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="亚美尼亚">亞美尼亞</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">俄罗斯</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克斯坦</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="Template:上海合作组织"><span title="查看箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">望</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:上海合作组织（页面弗存在）"><span title="討論箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">论</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87&action=edit"><span title="編纂箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">编</span></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="上海合作组织">上海合作组织</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">成员国</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯"><img alt="白俄罗斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="中国"><img alt="中国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度"><img alt="印度" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗"><img alt="伊朗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦"><img alt="哈萨克斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦"><img alt="吉尔吉斯斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦"><img alt="巴基斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯"><img alt="俄羅斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">俄罗斯</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦"><img alt="塔吉克斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦"><img alt="乌兹别克斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克斯坦</a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">观察员国</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" title="蒙古"><img alt="蒙古" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古国</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗"><img alt="阿富汗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">对话伙伴</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="亚美尼亚"><img alt="亚美尼亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="亚美尼亚">亚美尼亚</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆"><img alt="阿塞拜疆" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨"><img alt="柬埔寨" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及"><img alt="埃及" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9" title="科威特"><img alt="科威特" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9" title="科威特">科威特</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里兰卡"><img alt="斯里兰卡" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里兰卡">斯里兰卡</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AB" title="马尔代夫"><img alt="马尔代夫" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/22px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/33px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/44px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="马尔代夫">马尔代夫</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:MYA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:MYA（页面弗存在）">Template:MYA</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔"><img alt="尼泊尔" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="卡塔尔"><img alt="卡塔尔" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="卡塔尔">卡塔尔</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯"><img alt="沙特阿拉伯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯">沙特阿拉伯</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其"><img alt="土耳其" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯联合酋长国"><img alt="阿拉伯联合酋长国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯联合酋长国">阿拉伯联合酋长国</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97" title="巴林"><img alt="巴林" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97" title="巴林">巴林</a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">参会客人</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="东南亚国家联盟">东南亚国家联盟</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BD%93" title="独立国家联合体">独立国家联合体</a> · </span><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours" align="center" style="margin:1em 2em; text-align:center; clear:both"> <tbody><tr> <th width="100%" style="background:#ccccff;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯兰会议组织（页面弗存在）">伊斯兰会议组织</a>成员国及观察员</b> </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔及利亚">阿尔及利亚</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97" title="巴林">巴林</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD" title="孟加拉国">孟加拉国</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%AE%81" title="贝宁">贝宁</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%90%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%B3%95%E7%B4%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="布吉納法索">布吉納法索</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%8E%B1" title="文莱">文莱</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E9%BA%A6%E9%9A%86" title="喀麦隆">喀麦隆</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得">乍得</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%91%A9%E7%BD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="科摩罗">科摩罗</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E8%BF%AA%E7%93%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="科特迪瓦">科特迪瓦</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E6%8F%90" title="吉布提">吉布提</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%93%AC" title="加蓬">加蓬</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%88%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="冈比亚">冈比亚</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="几内亚">几内亚</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A%E6%AF%94%E7%BB%8D" title="几内亚比绍">几内亚比绍</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3" title="圭亚那">圭亚那</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="伊拉克">伊拉克</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9" title="科威特">科威特</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="利比亚">利比亚</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="马尔代夫">马尔代夫</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="马里">马里</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="毛里塔尼亚">毛里塔尼亚</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5" title="摩洛哥">摩洛哥</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫桑比克</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="尼日尔">尼日尔</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="尼日利亞">尼日利亞</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC" title="阿曼">阿曼</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="巴勒斯坦">巴勒斯坦国</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="卡塔尔">卡塔尔</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯">沙特阿拉伯</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="塞内加尔">塞内加尔</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9%E6%98%82" title="塞拉利昂">塞拉利昂</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="索马里">索马里</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="苏丹共和国">苏丹</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇利南（页面弗存在）">蘇利南</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="突尼斯">突尼斯</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%A5" title="多哥">多哥</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE" title="乌干达">乌干达</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克斯坦</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯联合酋长国">阿拉伯联合酋长国</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="也门">也门</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="2"><b>观察员国:</b> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中非共和國">中非共和國</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">俄罗斯</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="2"><b>穆斯林组织和团体观察成员:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E9%98%B5%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩洛国家解放阵线（页面弗存在）">摩洛国家解放阵线(MNLF) </a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北賽普勒斯土耳其共和國（页面弗存在）">北塞浦路斯土耳其共和国</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="2"><b>国际组织观察员:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="经济合作组织（页面弗存在）">经济合作组织(ECO)</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="非洲统一组织">非洲统一组织</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="阿拉伯国家联盟">阿拉伯国家联盟</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%BB%93%E7%9B%9F%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="不结盟运动">不结盟运动</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A" title="Template:联合国安全理事会"><span title="查看箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">望</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:联合国安全理事会（页面弗存在）"><span title="討論箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">论</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A&action=edit"><span title="編纂箇模板" style=";;background:none transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border:none;;">编</span></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国安全理事会（页面弗存在）">安全理事会</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">权力</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0" title="联合国宪章">联合国宪章</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0_%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国宪章第五章（页面弗存在）">第五章</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0_%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国宪章第七章（页面弗存在）">第七章</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E5%90%A6%E5%86%B3%E6%9D%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国安全理事会否决权（页面弗存在）">否决权</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国安全理事会决议（页面弗存在）">决议</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:聯合國安全理事會（页面弗存在）">组织结构</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E5%91%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国军事观察员（页面弗存在）">军事观察员</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国建设和平委员会（页面弗存在）">建设和平委员会</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%8D%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国安全理事会反恐怖主义委员会（页面弗存在）">反恐怖主义委员会</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%B4%E5%92%8C%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国维和行动历史（页面弗存在）">维和行动</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">使命</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国军（页面弗存在）">联合国军</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合行动力量（页面弗存在）">联合行动力量</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国安全理事会常任理事国（页面弗存在）">常任理事国</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="中国">中國</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英國</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国安全理事会（页面弗存在）">非常任理事国</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">2019年－2020年</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利時</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多明尼加（页面弗存在）">多米尼加</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德國</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印尼</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">2021－2022年</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="愛爾蘭共和國">愛爾蘭</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="肯尼亚">肯尼亚</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国安全理事会决议（页面弗存在）">联合国安全理事会决议</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">取自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=俄罗斯&oldid=321378">https://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=俄罗斯&oldid=321378</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="Category:俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:欧洲国家">欧洲国家</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 箇只页面阿末趟编辑来拉2024年8月16号 (五) 22:32。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">文字内容采用<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">知识共享“署名-相同方式共享”许可协议</a>授权；作兴会应用附加条款。详情见<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>。</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">有关维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/wuu.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//wuu.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜寻</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜寻维基百科"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜寻</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">俄罗斯</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>322種閒話</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>加话题</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-dbdhl","wgBackendResponseTime":246,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.429","walltime":"0.710","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6891,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":113786,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4750,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4627,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 463.685 1 -total"," 82.38% 381.976 6 Template:Navbox"," 45.70% 211.926 1 Template:Shanghai_CO"," 33.76% 156.520 33 Template:Country_with_flag"," 27.46% 127.318 33 Template:Flagicon"," 18.26% 84.654 1 Template:UN_Security_Council"," 15.59% 72.301 1 Template:G8"," 15.47% 71.743 16 Template:Flag"," 6.80% 31.527 1 Template:亚洲行政区划"," 4.21% 19.502 33 Template:ISO2Name"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.019","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1074725,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-c5bb75bf5-dn7bq","timestamp":"20250220050355","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af","url":"https:\/\/wuu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q159","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q159","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-10-18T06:19:29Z","dateModified":"2024-08-16T14:32:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg"}</script> </body> </html>