Women’s Health | NHLBI, NIH

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<li class='breadcrumb-home'><a href='/'>Home</a></li><li class='breacrumb-break'>/</li><li class='breadcrumb-parent'><a href='/node/80002'><span class='back-to'> < Back To </span>The Science</a></li><li class='breacrumb-break'>/</li><li class='breadcrumb-current'>Women’s Health</li></ul></div></div> <article class="node node--type-scientific-focus-area node--view-mode-full" data-title="Women’s Health" data-type="scientific_focus_area" data-format="" data-audience="" data-campaign="" > <div class="standard"> <div class="field field--name-field-top-texture-banner field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="pageBanner"> <div class="banner-new-light-red"></div> </div> </div> <div class="secondary-grey-background"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <div class="content-container page-top"> <div class="rtFlexContainer"> <div class="rtTitleClassification"> <h1> <span>Women’s Health</span> </h1> <div class="calloutdescription"> <div class="field field--name-field-definition field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) supports women’s health research to better understand how heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders affect women and to develop prevention and treatment strategies for women.</div> </div> </div> <div class="onThisPage"> <div class="pagenavtitle"> On this page </div> <ul> <li><a href="#makingadifference">Research Making a Difference</a></li> <li><a href="#whyimportant">Why It's Important</a></li> <li><a href="#keyaccomplishments">Key Accomplishments</a></li> <li><a href="#opportunities">Opportunities & Challenges</a></li> <li><a href="#advancingresearch">Advancing the Research</a></li> <li><a href="#relatedreading">Related Reading</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <div class="content-container research-making-a-difference"> <div class="field field--name-field-making-a-difference field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="flexcontainer paragraph paragraph--type--making-a-difference paragraph--view-mode--default" id="makingadifference"> <h2 class="phone-display" id="makingadifference-phone">Research Making a Difference</h2> <div class="flexItemTextHalf"> <h2 class="desktop-tablet-display" id="makingadifference-desktop">Research Making a Difference</h2> <div class="pullquote"> I joined the Women’s Health Initiative … to help all women to have better lives and live longer." </div> <div class="bodytext"> <div class="field field--name-field-research-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute honors the pioneering women who participated in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) — one of the largest women’s health projects ever launched in the United States — for their critically important contributions to advancing women’s health.</div> </div> <div class="desktop-display"> <div class="field field--name-field-url field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/news/spotlight/fact-sheet/heroines-womens-health-initiative" rel="noreferrer">Read more about the Women’s Health Initiative.</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="flexItemImageHalf"> <div class="image-and-photocredit-container"> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/modules/custom/nhlbi_blazy/images/clear.png" width="768" height="513" alt="A group of multigenerational women smiling." data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_crop/public/2017-11/women%20multigenerational.jpg?itok=muWXTK2Q" class="b-lazy image-style-_6x9-crop" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet-phone-display"> <div class="field field--name-field-url field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/news/spotlight/fact-sheet/heroines-womens-health-initiative" rel="noreferrer">Read more about the Women’s Health Initiative.</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pale-blue-darker-white-background"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <div class="content-container why-its-important storycalloutbox"> <div class="storycallouttitle" id="whyimportant"> <h2 class="why-its-important-header">WHY IT'S IMPORTANT</h2> </div> <div class="storycallouttext"> <div class="bodytext"> <div class="field field--name-field-why-important-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span class="cf01">Women represent a large portion of patients with heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders due to higher risk factors for these disorders and higher rates of death as a result.</span></p></div> </div> <div class="supplemental-accordion"> <div class="field field--name-field-why-important-accordion field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <h3 class="graysubaccordionheading" id="more-information-883"> <div class="field field--name-field-panel-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">More Information</div> <span class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible"> - Women’s Health </span> </h3> <div class="ui-accordion ui-widget ui-helper-reset paragraph paragraph--type--standard-accordion-panelparagraph--view-mode--default" > <div class="bodytext"> <div class="field field--name-field-accordion-body field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span>To improve women’s health, research must consider how sex (biological traits encoded in genes) and gender (social and cultural traits linked to human males and females) influence disease risk, disease expression and outcome, and response to interventions. Some of these chronic conditions are more common, cause different symptoms, or are more likely to be fatal in women than in men. For example:</span></p><ul><li><span>Heart disease is the leading cause of death in women., Some types of heart disease, such as coronary microvascular disease and heart attack without coronary artery blockage, are more common in women than in men.</span></li><li><span>More women than men die from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).</span></li><li><span>Asthma is more common and more likely to be severe in women than in men.</span></li><li><span>Obstructive sleep apnea has been linked with the development of heart failure in women, but not in men.</span></li><li><span>Hormone treatments for women, such as postmenopausal hormone therapy and birth control pills, have been shown to raise the risk of blood clots.</span></li></ul><p><span>These and other differences between women and men make it critical to ensure the full participation of women in research. Since its  start,  NHLBI has been committed to including women in clinical research.</span></p><ul><li><span>NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, launched in 1948 as one of the first large studies of cardiovascular disease, was designed from the beginning to include women and men.</span></li><li><span>The NHLBI also sponsored the </span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/science/womens-health-initiative-whi" rel="noreferrer"><span>Women’s Health Initiative</span></a><span>, one of the country’s largest clinical trials of women ever undertaken. This initiative recruited more than 161,000 postmenopausal women to study strategies to prevent heart disease, breast and colon cancer, and osteoporosis.</span></li><li><span>In recent NHLBI clinical research, about half of participants have been women. Read </span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/all-publications-and-resources/advancing-womens-heart-health" rel="noreferrer"><span>Advancing Women's Heart Health</span></a><span> to learn more.</span></li></ul><p><span>NHLBI is meeting the call of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to account for sex as a biological variable in all research — from preclinical studies involving animal or cell models to clinical trials in humans. Considering sex in the design of scientific studies helps to ensure that results can be applied to women and men and allows researchers to examine sex-related factors that affect health and disease. Beginning in fiscal year 2017, all NIH-funded research applications must explain how biological variables such as sex are factored into research design and analyses.</span></p><p><span>NHLBI’s women’s health research also seeks to understand the factors that lead to health disparities in minority women. For example, cardiovascular disease is more common in Black women than in White women. Black women are also more likely to die of heart disease, and at younger ages, than White women. We support diverse </span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/node/80043" rel="noreferrer"><span>population studies</span></a><span> that explore the intersection between women’s health and minority health.</span></p></div> </div> <div class="readMoreContainer"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tertiaryBlueBackground"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <div class="content-container key-accomplishments storycalloutbox"> <div class="storycallouttitle" id="keyaccomplishments"> <h2 class="key-accomplishments-header">KEY ACCOMPLISHMENTS</h2> </div> <div class="storycallouttext storycalloutlist"> <div class="field field--name-field-key-accomplishments field--type-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <ul> <li><div class="field__item calloutdata font-size-xl">NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, launched in 1948, was designed from the beginning to include men and women.</div></li> <li><div class="field__item calloutdata font-size-xl">The Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study advanced the understanding of heart disease in women, leading to improved diagnosis and treatment.</div></li> <li><div class="field__item calloutdata font-size-xl">The NHLBI-sponsored Women’s Health Initiative found that hormone replacement therapy does not protect older postmenopausal women from cardiovascular disease.</div></li> <li><div class="field__item calloutdata font-size-xl">The CHAP trial found that pregnant women treated high blood pressure medicine present before or during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy had better outcomes.</div></li> <li><div class="field__item calloutdata font-size-xl">NHLBI research is studying the causes and risk factors for preeclampsia and how the condition affects women's future cardiovascular disease risk.</div></li> <li><div class="field__item calloutdata font-size-xl">An NHLBI-funded trial showed that sirolimus is an effective treatment for lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare lung disease that affects women.</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <div class="content-container opportunities-and-challenges storycalloutbox"> <div class="storycallouttitle" id="opportunities"> <h2 class="opportunities-and-challenges-header">OPPORTUNITIES & CHALLENGES</h2> </div> <div class="storycallouttext"> <div class="field field--name-field-opportunities-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span>In 2016, NHLBI released its </span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/node/80111" rel="noreferrer"><span>Strategic Vision</span></a><span>, to guide the Institute’s research activities for the coming decade. All the objectives, compelling questions, and critical challenges identified in the plan are important for women’s health. For example, NHLBI research will investigate how molecular, cellular, and systems-level differences between men and women affect the risk for heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders, as well as the progression and treatment of these disorders. Training the next generation of researchers interested in women’s health and recruiting and retaining women scientists are also high priorities for NHLBI. NHLBI is bringing further focus to scientific opportunities in women’s health by working to advance women’s health priorities in the NHLBI Strategic Vision.</span></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pale-blue-darker-white-background"> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <div class="content-container advancing-the-research"> <h2 id="advancingresearch">Advancing the Research</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-advancing-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span>NHLBI is advancing women’s health research and clinical care for women with heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders in many ways. Learn more about some of our efforts related to women’s health.</span></p></div> <div class="field field--name-field-sub-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sfa-sub-category paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sfa-card field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="science-instance-card"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="card-icon"> <div class="card-icon-branch-lab"></div> </div> </div> <h3> <div class="field field--name-field-card-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">We Perform Research</div> </h3> <div class="bodytext"> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span>NHLBI’s </span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/node/80034" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>Division of Intramural Research</strong></span></a><span> is actively engaged in research that improves women’s health and explores sex-based differences in heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders. Specific projects are studying the role of sex hormones in blood disorders and heart disease and advancing the treatment of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare lung disease that mainly affects women of reproductive age.</span></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="science-instance-card"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="card-icon"> <div class="card-icon-branch-lab"></div> </div> </div> <h3> <div class="field field--name-field-card-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">We Fund Research</div> </h3> <div class="bodytext"> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span>The research we fund today will help improve women’s health in the future. </span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/node/80076" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>All NHLBI Divisions</strong></span></a><span> support research important to women’s health. This includes research on the causes, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of many heart, lung, blood and sleep disorders that affect women’s health such as heart disease, asthma, COPD, LAM, sickle cell disease, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), anemia, and sleep apnea.</span></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="science-instance-card"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="card-icon"> <div class="card-icon-programs"></div> </div> </div> <h3> <div class="field field--name-field-card-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">The Promise of Precision Medicine</div> </h3> <div class="bodytext"> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span>Through NHLBI’s </span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/node/80055" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program</strong></span></a><span>, researchers will use data from studies, such as the Women’s Health Initiative, that are focused on heart, lung, blood and sleep disorders. These data will help researchers better predict, prevent, diagnose, and treat these disorders based on a patient’s unique genes, environment, and molecular signatures. Learn more about NHLBI </span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/node/80042" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>precision medicine activities</strong></span></a><span>.</span></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="science-instance-card"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="card-icon"> <div class="card-icon-programs"></div> </div> </div> <h3> <div class="field field--name-field-card-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Leading Women’s Health Research</div> </h3> <div class="bodytext"> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span>The </span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/node/80057" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>Women's Health Initiative (WHI)</strong></span></a><span> is a long-term study focusing on strategies to prevent the major causes of death and disability among postmenopausal women. Although the original WHI study completed data collection in 2005, the WHI continues to advance women’s health through extension studies and ancillary studies, such as the </span><a href="https://whish.stanford.edu/" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>Women’s Health Initiative Strong and Healthy Study (WHISH)</strong></span></a><span> and the </span><a href="https://www.whi.org/md/548/whisper" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>Women's Health Initiative Sleep Hypoxia Effects on Resilience (WHISPER)</strong></span></a><span>.</span></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="science-instance-card"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="card-icon"> <div class="card-icon-pivotal-trial"></div> </div> </div> <h3> <div class="field field--name-field-card-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Partnering on Sleep Apnea and Pregnancy Outcomes Research</div> </h3> <div class="bodytext"> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span>NHLBI partnered with the </span><em><span>Eunice Kennedy Shriver </span></em><span>National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) on the </span><a href="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/research/supported/Pages/nuMoM2b.aspx" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>NuMoM2B study</strong></span></a><span>, which found that maternal sleep deficiency and mild sleep apnea during pregnancy raises the risk of pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and diabetes. NHLBI and NICHD are now studying whether treating sleep apnea during pregnancy lowers these risks.</span></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="science-instance-card"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="card-icon"> <div class="card-icon-pivotal-trial"></div> </div> </div> <h3> <div class="field field--name-field-card-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Leading and Partnering to Advance Maternal Health</div> </h3> <div class="bodytext"> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span>NHLBI is leading and partnering with NIH Institutes and Offices on maternal health research efforts with the </span><em><span>Eunice Kennedy Shriver </span></em><span>National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) in the </span><a href="https://numom2bhhs.rti.org/" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>NuMoM2B Heart Health study</strong></span></a><span>; the Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH) in the Maternal Health Community Implementation Project (</span><a href="https://www.maternalhealthcip.org/" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>MH-CIP</strong></span></a><span>); and with National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR), Office of Disease Prevention (ODP), and ORWH on <strong>the Early Intervention to Promote Cardiovascular Health of Mothers and Children (ENRICH)</strong> trial.</span></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="science-instance-card"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="card-icon"> <div class="card-icon-programs"></div> </div> </div> <h3> <div class="field field--name-field-card-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Collaborating to Improve Women’s Heart Disease Awareness</div> </h3> <div class="bodytext"> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/hearttruth/about/index.htm" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>The Heart Truth®</strong></span></a><span> is a national health education program that raises awareness about heart disease, its risk factors, and prevention. With a special focus on </span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/heart-truth/listen-to-your-heart" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>women and heart disease</strong></span></a><span>, The Heart Truth® works in partnership with national and community organizations to motivate people to adopt heart-healthy lifestyles.</span></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="science-instance-card"> <div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="card-icon"> <div class="card-icon-programs"></div> </div> </div> <h3> <div class="field field--name-field-card-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Increasing and Sustaining Research to Reduce the Burden of COPD</div> </h3> <div class="bodytext"> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span>With input from federal and nonfederal partners, NHLBI developed the </span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-pro/resources/lung/copd-national-action-plan" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>COPD National Action Plan</strong></span></a><span> to guide stakeholders nationwide in their efforts to lessen the burden of COPD. The NHLBI’s </span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/breathebetter" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>Learn More Breathe Better®</strong></span></a><span> program seeks to raise awareness about lung diseases and conditions affecting Americans, including how some<strong> </strong></span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/BreatheBetter/women-lung-health" rel="noreferrer"><span><strong>affect women differently</strong></span></a><span>.</span></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="viewmorebutton" href = "/science/all-science?field_related_sfas_target_id=80044" >View all science about Women’s Health </a> </div> </div> </div> <a id="relatedreading"></a> <div class="responsive-container responsive-container-constrained"> <div class="content-container-margin"> <div class="related-ht-press-container"> <div class="card"> <h2>Related Health Topics</h2> <div class="related-topics"> <div class="field field--name-field-related-health-topics field--type-entity-reference 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