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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> According to the most recent government statistics, 97% of the population of <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> was <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> in 2010 (60% <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> and 40% <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a>); the constitution states that Islam is the official religion of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Iraq was scored 1 out of 4 for religious freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-FR2023_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FR2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the same year, it was ranked as the 18th worst place in the world to be a Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2010s, uprisings of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant"> Islamic State</a> (IS), formerly called the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) or the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), have led to violations of religious freedom in certain parts of Iraq. IS is a <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> <a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">jihadist</a> group that claims religious authority over all <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> around the world<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and aspires to bring most of the Muslim-inhabited regions of the world under its political control beginning with <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ISIS follows an extreme anti-Western interpretation of Islam, promotes religious violence and regards those who do not agree with its interpretations as infidels or apostates. Concurrently, IS aims to establish a <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafist</a>-orientated Islamist state in Iraq, Syria and other parts of the Levant.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As ISIL lost territory throughout Iraq in 2016, the armed forces and allied militias restored crosses, and Christians were allowed to return to their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status_of_religious_freedom">Status of religious freedom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Status of religious freedom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006 <i>The Globe</i> correspondent Khidir Domle stated that the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Regional_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Regional Government">Kurdistan Regional Government</a> (KRG) engaged in discriminatory behaviour against Christians, and that according to <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrian</a> Christians, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP)-dominated judiciary did so routinely against Assyrians, failing to enforce judgments in their favour. The KRG rejected these accusations.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, local and international NGOs reported that the government continued to use antiterrorism laws as a pretext for detaining individuals without due process (mostly Sunni Arabs).<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yezidis and Christians have also reported verbal and physically abuse from local people; in September 2022, members of the local police and a private security company connected with the Shia militia Kata’ib Hezbollah (KH) threatened to evict 400 internally displaced Christians from the Mariam al-Adra IDP camp in Baghdad. </p><p>In 2022, ISIS were still in active in Iraq, carrying out kidnappings and murders; PKK activity is also ongoing.<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recognition">Recognition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The government recognizes the following religious groups; Muslims, Chaldeans, Assyrians, <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East"> Assyrian Catholics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac Orthodox">Syriac Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac Catholics">Syriac Catholics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Apostolic">Armenian Apostolic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Catholics">Armenian Catholics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholics">Roman Catholics</a>, National <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicans">Anglicans</a>, Evangelical Protestant Assyrians, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventists">Seventh-day Adventists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox">Coptic Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yezidis" class="mw-redirect" title="Yezidis">Yezidis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandeans"> Sabean-Mandeans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>; all recognized religious groups (except Yezidis) have their own personal-status courts which handle marriage, divorce and inheritance issues.<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Baha%E2%80%99i" class="mw-redirect" title="Baha’i">Baha’i</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism"> Kaka’i</a> groups are not allowed to register with the government, although they are recognized in Kurdish areas; Baha'ism is illegal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Government regulations require three classes a week of Islamic instruction in public schools - non-Muslim students are not required to participate; there is no requirement for religious education in Kurdish areas.<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identity_cards">Identity cards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Identity cards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2016, the country started issuing identity cards - cards do not denote the bearer’s religion, although the application form requires this information, and it is held on the card's data chip. Citizens must identify as Christian, Sabean-Mandean, Yezidi, Jewish, or Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conversion_laws">Conversion laws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Conversion laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The law prohibits the conversion of Muslims to other religions; where one person is Muslim or converts to Islam, their children are automatically seen as Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-FR2023_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FR2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq" title="Religion in Iraq">Religion in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iraq" title="Human rights in Iraq">Human rights in Iraq</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Asia">Freedom of religion in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Freedom of religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Armenia" title="Freedom of religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Freedom of religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bhutan" title="Freedom of religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brunei" title="Freedom of religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cambodia" title="Freedom of religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Freedom of religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_India" title="Freedom of religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Indonesia" title="Freedom of religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iran" title="Freedom of religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan" title="Freedom of religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Jordan" title="Freedom of religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Korea" title="Freedom of religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Korea" title="Freedom of religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kuwait" title="Freedom of religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Laos" title="Freedom of religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Lebanon" title="Freedom of religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Malaysia" title="Freedom of religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Mongolia" title="Freedom of religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Myanmar" title="Freedom of religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Nepal" title="Freedom of religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Oman" title="Freedom of religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan" title="Freedom of religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Freedom of religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Qatar" title="Freedom of religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Russia" title="Freedom of religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Singapore" title="Freedom of religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Freedom of religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Syria" title="Freedom of religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Freedom of religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Thailand" title="Freedom of religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkey" title="Freedom of religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Freedom of religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Freedom of religion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Freedom of religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Vietnam" title="Freedom of religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Yemen" title="Freedom of religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Freedom of religion in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Taiwan" title="Freedom of religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom of religion in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom of religion in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq&oldid=1233296919">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq&oldid=1233296919</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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