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class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Sirius XM Holdings</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width:52px"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/50px-Mergefrom.svg.png" width="50" height="20" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/75px-Mergefrom.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/100px-Mergefrom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20"/></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text">It has been suggested that <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_Satellite_Radio" title="Sirius Satellite Radio">Sirius Satellite Radio</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radio" title="XM Satellite Radio">XM Satellite Radio</a> be <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into this article. (<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Sirius_XM_Holdings#Merger_proposal" title="Talk:Sirius XM Holdings">Discuss</a>) Proposed since March 2015.</td> </tr> </table> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"> <caption class="fn org">Sirius XM Holdings Inc.</caption> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="logo" style="text-align:center"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sirius_XM_Radio_Logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="Sirius XM Radio Logo.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Sirius_XM_Radio_Logo.svg/200px-Sirius_XM_Radio_Logo.svg.png" width="200" height="43" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Sirius_XM_Radio_Logo.svg/300px-Sirius_XM_Radio_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Sirius_XM_Radio_Logo.svg/400px-Sirius_XM_Radio_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="66"/></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_business_entity" title="Types of business entity">Type</a></div> </th> <td class="category" style="line-height:1.35em;">Satellite Radio</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/siri">SIRI</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;">Industry</th> <td class="category" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">Radio broadcasting</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;">Founded</th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;">May 17, 1990</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;">Founder</th> <td class="agent" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martine_Rothblatt" title="Martine Rothblatt">Martine Rothblatt</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Margolese" title="David Margolese">David Margolese</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Briskman" title="Robert Briskman">Robert Briskman</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;">Headquarters</th> <td class="label" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1221 Avenue of the Americas">1221 Avenue of the Americas</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Area served</div> </th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Key people</div> </th> <td class="agent" style="line-height:1.35em;">Greg Maffei (<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman" title="Chairman">chairman</a>) Jim Meyer (<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>) <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Greenstein" title="Scott Greenstein">Scott Greenstein</a> (<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Content_Officer" title="Chief Content Officer" class="mw-redirect">CCO</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;">Products</th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_radio" title="Satellite radio">Satellite radio</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;">Revenue</th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;"><img alt="Increase" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"/> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a> 3.8 billion (2013)<a href="#cite_note-gszalai020414-1">[1]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div> </th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;"><img alt="Increase" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"/> US$ 1.17 billion (2013)<a href="#cite_note-gszalai020414-1">[1]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div> </th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"/> US$ 377 million (2013)<a href="#cite_note-siriincome-2">[2]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"/> US$ 8.84 billion (2013)<a href="#cite_note-siribalance-3">[3]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"/> US$ 2.75 billion (2013)<a href="#cite_note-siribalance-3">[3]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Number of employees</div> </th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;">1,596 (2012)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Divisions</a></th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_Satellite_Radio" title="Sirius Satellite Radio">Sirius Satellite Radio</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radio" title="XM Satellite Radio">XM Satellite Radio</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_XM_Canada" title="Sirius XM Canada">Sirius XM Canada</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;">Website</th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.siriusxm.com/">SiriusXM.com</a></td> </tr> </table> Sirius XM Holdings is an <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcasting</a> company that provides two <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_radio" title="Satellite radio">satellite radio</a> services operating in the United States, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_Satellite_Radio" title="Sirius Satellite Radio">Sirius Satellite Radio</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radio" title="XM Satellite Radio">XM Satellite Radio</a>. The company also has a Canadian subsidiary called <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_XM_Canada" title="Sirius XM Canada">Sirius XM Canada</a>, an affiliate company that provides Sirius and XM service in <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. At the end of 2013, Sirius reorganized their corporate structure, which made Sirius XM Radio Inc. a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Sirius XM Holdings Inc.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Sirius XM Radio was formed after the U.S. <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) approved the acquisition of XM Satellite Radio Holding, Inc. by Sirius Satellite Radio, Inc. on July 29, 2008, 17 months after the companies first proposed the merger.<a href="#cite_note-reuters080729-6">[6]</a> The merger brought the combined companies a total of more than 18.5 million subscribers based on current subscriber numbers on the date of merging.<a href="#cite_note-reuters080729-6">[6]</a> The deal was valued at $3.3 billion, not including debt.<a href="#cite_note-khart-7">[7]</a> Through 2013, Sirius XM has 25.6 million subscribers.<a href="#cite_note-gszalai020414-1">[1]</a> The proposed merger was opposed by those who felt a merger would create a monopoly. Sirius and XM argued that a merger was the only way satellite radio could survive.<a href="#cite_note-khart-7">[7]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Pre-merger">1 Pre-merger</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_days_of_Sirius">1.1 Early days of Sirius</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Early_days_of_XM">1.2 Early days of XM</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Merger">2 Merger</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Announcement">2.1 Announcement</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Approval">2.2 Approval</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Opposition">2.3 Opposition</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Post-merger">3 Post-merger</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Resurgence_and_growth">3.1 Resurgence and growth</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Executives">3.2 Executives</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Internet_and_mobile">3.3 Internet and mobile</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Subscriptions">3.4 Subscriptions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Programming">4 Programming</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Canadian_counterparts">5 Canadian counterparts</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Technical">6 Technical</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Receivers">6.1 Receivers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Satellites">6.2 Satellites</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Milestones">7 Milestones</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#References">8 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#External_links">9 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2>Pre-merger[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Pre-merger">edit</a>]</h2> <h3>Early days of Sirius[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early days of Sirius">edit</a>]</h3> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_Satellite_Radio" title="Sirius Satellite Radio">Sirius Satellite Radio</a></div> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_Satellite_Radio" title="Sirius Satellite Radio">Sirius Satellite Radio</a> was founded by <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martine_Rothblatt" title="Martine Rothblatt">Martine Rothblatt</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Margolese" title="David Margolese">David Margolese</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Briskman" title="Robert Briskman">Robert Briskman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mherper-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-swarren-9">[9]</a> In 1990, Rothblatt founded Satellite CD Radio in Washington, DC.<a href="#cite_note-mherper-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-eandrews-10">[10]</a> The company was the first to petition the FCC to assign unused frequencies for satellite radio broadcast, which “provoked a furor among owners of both large and small [terrestrial] radio stations.”<a href="#cite_note-eandrews-10">[10]</a> In April 1992, Rothblatt resigned as chairman and CEO to start a medical research foundation.<a href="#cite_note-mherper-8">[8]</a> Former <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> engineer Briskman, who designed the company's satellite technology, was then appointed chairman and CEO.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-bmclean-12">[12]</a> Six months later, in November 1992, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogers_Wireless" title="Rogers Wireless">Rogers Wireless</a> co-founder Margolese, who had provided financial backing for the venture, acquired control of the company and succeeded Briskman. Margolese renamed the company CD Radio, and spent the next five years lobbying the FCC to allow satellite radio to be deployed, and the following five years raising $1.6 billion, which was used to build and launch three satellites into elliptical orbit from <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> in July 2000.<a href="#cite_note-bmclean-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-sromero-15">[15]</a> In 1997, after Margolese had obtained regulatory clearance and "effectively created the industry," the FCC also sold a license to <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radio" title="XM Satellite Radio">XM Satellite Radio</a>, which followed Sirius's example.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In November 1999, marketing chief Ira Bahr convinced Margolese to again change the name of the company,[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] this time to Sirius Satellite Radio, in order to avoid association with the soon-to-be-outdated CD technology.<a href="#cite_note-swarren-9">[9]</a> Having secured installation deals with automakers including <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford" title="Ford" class="mw-redirect">Ford</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>,<a href="#cite_note-sromero-15">[15]</a> Sirius launched the initial phase of its service in four cities on February 14, 2002,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> expanding to the rest of the <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">contiguous United States</a> on July 1, 2002.<a href="#cite_note-sparker-18">[18]</a> In November 2001, Margolese stepped down as CEO, remaining as chairman until November 2003, with Sirius issuing a statement thanking him “for his great vision, leadership and dedication in creating both Sirius and the satellite radio industry.”<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Joe Clayton, former CEO of <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Crossing" title="Global Crossing">Global Crossing</a>, followed as CEO from November 2001 until November 2004. Clayton stayed on as chairman until July 2008.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Karmazin" title="Mel Karmazin">Mel Karmazin</a>, former president of <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viacom" title="Viacom">Viacom</a>, became CEO in November 2004, and remained in that position through the merger, until December 2012.<a href="#cite_note-tarango-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <h3>Early days of XM[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early days of XM">edit</a>]</h3> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radio" title="XM Satellite Radio">XM Satellite Radio</a></div> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radio" title="XM Satellite Radio">XM Satellite Radio</a> was founded by Lon Levin and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Parsons" title="Gary Parsons">Gary Parsons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-kshwiff-24">[24]</a> It has its origins in the 1988 formation of the American Mobile Satellite Corporation (AMSC), a consortium of several organizations originally dedicated to satellite broadcasting of telephone, fax and data signals.<a href="#cite_note-rbeschizza-25">[25]</a> In 1992, AMSC established a unit called the American Mobile Radio Corporation, dedicated to developing a satellite-based digital radio service; this was spun off as XM Satellite Radio Holdings, Inc. in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Its planned financing was complete by July 2000, at which point XM had raised $1.26 billion and secured installation agreements with <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sromero-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Initially scheduled for September 12, 2001, XM’s service start date was postponed due to the <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_terrorist_attacks" title="September 11 terrorist attacks" class="mw-redirect">September 11 terrorist attacks</a> on the <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Center" title="World Trade Center">World Trade Center</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> XM Satellite Radio’s first broadcast was on September 25, 2001, nearly four months before Sirius.<a href="#cite_note-sparker-18">[18]</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Parsons" title="Gary Parsons">Gary Parsons</a> served as chairman of XM Satellite Radio from its inception through the merger, resigning from the position in November 2009.<a href="#cite_note-kshwiff-24">[24]</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Panero" title="Hugh Panero">Hugh Panero</a> served as XM’s CEO from 1998 until July 2007, shortly after the merger with Sirius was proposed. Nate Davis was appointed interim CEO until the merger was completed, at which point Sirius CEO <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Karmazin" title="Mel Karmazin">Mel Karmazin</a> took over as CEO of the newly merged company, Sirius XM.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <h2>Merger[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Merger">edit</a>]</h2> <table class="mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" width="40" height="22" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/80px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikinews has related news: <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/In_depth:_XM_and_Sirius_merger" class="extiw" title="wikinews:In depth: XM and Sirius merger">In depth: XM and Sirius merger</a></td> </tr> </table> <h3>Announcement[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Announcement">edit</a>]</h3> After years of speculation (the <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a> first reported on a potential merger in January 2005),<a href="#cite_note-tarango-21">[21]</a> and three months of serious negotiations, the $13 billion merger between Sirius and XM was officially announced on February 19, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-siklossorkin-31">[31]</a> At the time, the nation’s only two satellite radio providers reported nearly 14 million combined subscribers (with nearly 8 million belonging to XM), with neither having turned an annual profit. Sirius was valued at $5.2 billion, and XM at $3.75 billion.<a href="#cite_note-rbeschizza-25">[25]</a> Each subscription was sold for $12.95 monthly.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Sirius and XM executives felt the merger would lower programming costs by eliminating overlapping stations and duplicated marketing costs. According to their original operating licenses, the two companies were not allowed to ever own each other’s license. In proceeding with the merger, Sirius CEO <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Karmazin" title="Mel Karmazin">Mel Karmazin</a> ignored this rule, gambling that the FCC would consider other audio entertainment to be competitors and allow the merger to proceed by waiving the rule.<a href="#cite_note-siklossorkin-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-smoritz-33">[33]</a> <h3>Approval[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Approval">edit</a>]</h3> After a 57-week review process, the <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice Department</a> gave approval to the Sirius and XM merger on March 24, 2008, concluding that satellite radio competes with terrestrial radio, online streaming, and mp3 players and tablets.<a href="#cite_note-smoritz-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-pshenon-34">[34]</a> On July 25, 2008, the FCC approved the merger with a 3-2 vote, determining that it was not a monopoly because of all the competition on the Internet. FCC chairman <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Martin_(FCC)" title="Kevin Martin (FCC)">Kevin Martin</a> stated, “The merger is in the public interest and will provide consumers with greater flexibility and choices.” The biggest challenge for the newly unified company was selling more subscriptions with the drop in the number of cars sold annually in the US and the subsequent reduced demand for cars equipped with satellite radio, as well as online radio-streaming competition. Conditions of the merger included allowing any third-party company to make satellite radio devices; producing new radios that can receive both XM and Sirius channels within one year; allowing consumers to choose which channels they would like to have; freezing subscription rates for three years; setting aside 8% of its channels for noncommercial programmers; and payment of $19.7 million in fines for past rule violations.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-smusil-36">[36]</a> Sirius and XM began merging their channels on November 12, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Each share of XM stock was replaced with 4.6 shares of Sirius. Each company's stockholders initially retained approximately 50% of the joined company.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> At the time of the merger, Sirius’s top programming included channels for <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Stern" title="Howard Stern">Howard Stern</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Stewart" title="Martha Stewart">Martha Stewart</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>; live <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL" title="NFL" class="mw-redirect">NFL</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA" title="NBA" class="mw-redirect">NBA</a> games; and live <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a> races. XM’s programming included channels for <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opie_with_Jim_Norton" title="Opie with Jim Norton">Opie with Jim Norton</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a>; and live <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> games.<a href="#cite_note-pshenon-34">[34]</a> <h3>Opposition[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Opposition">edit</a>]</h3> The <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Broadcasters">National Association of Broadcasters</a> was adamantly opposed to the merger, calling it a monopoly.<a href="#cite_note-siklossorkin-31">[31]</a> Shortly after the Justice Department gave its support to the merger without restrictions, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorneys_general" title="Attorneys general" class="mw-redirect">attorneys general</a> from 11 states (Connecticut, Iowa, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Utah and Washington) urged the FCC to impose restrictions on the merger.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Several Congressional Democrats also opposed the merger, calling it anticompetitive and criticizing the <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush administration</a> for allowing it to go through.<a href="#cite_note-pshenon-34">[34]</a> <h2>Post-merger[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-merger">edit</a>]</h2> <h3>Resurgence and growth[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Resurgence and growth">edit</a>]</h3> After coming close to filing for <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_11" title="Chapter 11" class="mw-redirect">Chapter 11</a> only months after the 2008 merger, going so far as to hire lawyers to prepare a possible bankruptcy filing,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Sirius XM was able to avoid declaring bankruptcy with the assistance of a $530 million loan from <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Media" title="Liberty Media">Liberty Media</a> in February 2009, which Mel Karmazin negotiated in exchange for a 40% equity stake in Sirius XM.<a href="#cite_note-nyt022510-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-jbercovici-42">[42]</a> In the fourth quarter of 2009, Sirius XM posted a profit for the first time, with a net income of $14.2 million. This came after net losses of $245.8 million in the year following the merger. The company’s resurgence was owed in part to the loan from Liberty Media. Increased automobile sales in the US was also a factor. Sirius XM ended 2009 with 18.8 million subscribers.<a href="#cite_note-nyt022510-41">[41]</a> By the end of 2012, Sirius XM’s subscriber base had grown to 23.9 million, mostly due to an increase in partnerships with automakers and car dealers; a strong push in the used-car market; and continued improved car sales in the US in general. The renewal of radio show host <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Stern" title="Howard Stern">Howard Stern</a>’s contract through 2015 ($400 million for five years, $100 million less than Stern’s previous five-year deal) was also a factor in the company’s steady growth; Stern’s show attracts over 12 million listeners per week.<a href="#cite_note-jbercovici-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-trefisteam-43">[43]</a> As of 2012, Sirius XM had a 60% penetration rate in the new car market. Out of that 60%, approximately 45% have become subscribers. The company has long-term deals with <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford" title="Ford" class="mw-redirect">Ford</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kia_Motors" title="Kia Motors">Kia</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundai" title="Hyundai">Hyundai</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a>, along with assorted trucks, boats and recreational vehicles. As of August 2012, Sirius XM satellite radios were in 50 million cars, although many of those are inactive. The company offers trial subscriptions to new car owners, and then tries to get them to purchase yearly subscriptions. By 2018, Sirius XM predicts over 100 million cars will have Sirius XM radios installed.<a href="#cite_note-trefisteam-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> After trying for four years, on December 21, 2010, Sirius XM received approval from the FCC to add service in <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. Sirius XM announced on January 17, 2011 that it would place <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeater" title="Repeater">repeaters</a> in those states and adjust three of its satellites to cover those areas. The move gave Sirius XM coverage in all 50 states.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> On January 12, 2011, XM Satellite Radio, Inc. was dissolved as a separate entity and merged into Sirius XM Radio, Inc.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> On April 11, 2011, the <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Radio-television_and_Telecommunications_Commission" title="Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission">Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission</a> (CRTC) approved the merger of Sirius and XM’s Canadian affiliates in <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_XM_Canada" title="Sirius XM Canada">Sirius XM Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-crtc-47">[47]</a> On April 11, 2013, a New York appeals court upheld a New York judge’s ruling from April 2012, that Howard Stern was not entitled to stock bonuses based on Sirius XM exceeding subscriber target projections. The court ruled that subscribers to XM Satellite Radio from before the Sirius XM merger should not be counted as “Sirius subscribers” for the purposes of Stern’s lawsuit. Stern argued the opposite, due to the fact that his popularity had played an integral role in helping Sirius acquire XM. He had been seeking $330 million in stock bonuses.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <h3>Executives[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Executives">edit</a>]</h3> Following the merger, Sirius CEO <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Karmazin" title="Mel Karmazin">Mel Karmazin</a> became CEO of the combined company, and XM chairman <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Parsons" title="Gary Parsons">Gary Parsons</a> retained his role.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> XM CEO and co-founder <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Panero" title="Hugh Panero">Hugh Panero</a> stepped down in August 2007, shortly after the merger was first announced.<a href="#cite_note-khart-7">[7]</a> XM Satellite Radio executives who were not offered jobs in the new combined company were assured golden parachute severance packages that had been approved in 2007. Former CEO Nate Davis received a severance package worth $10 million. Erik Toppenberg, executive vice president of programming, received a severance package worth $5.34 million. CFO Joseph Euteneuer received a severance package worth $4.9 million. <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernon_Irvin" title="Vernon Irvin">Vernon Irvin</a>, chief marketing officer, received a severance package worth $4.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-ddarcy-51">[51]</a> In November 2009, Parsons resigned as chairman of Sirius XM, receiving a payout of more than $9 million.<a href="#cite_note-kshwiff-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-ddarcy-51">[51]</a> He was succeeded by <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_Hartenstein" title="Eddy Hartenstein">Eddy Hartenstein</a>, former publisher and CEO of the <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kshwiff-24">[24]</a> In December 2012, Mel Karmazin stepped down as Sirius XM CEO after Liberty Media gained control of 49.5% of the company. Jim Meyer was named interim CEO.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> On April 30, 2013, he was named permanent CEO.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Also in April 2013, Liberty Media CEO Greg Maffei was named Sirius XM’s chairman, succeeding Hartenstein.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <h3>Internet and mobile[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Internet and mobile">edit</a>]</h3> Sirius XM radio content is available to stream online as an add-on to existing subscriptions, or as an Internet-only option.<a href="#cite_note-msaltzman1-55">[55]</a> Internet and mobile services directly challenging Sirius XM include <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Radio" title="Pandora Radio">Pandora</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHeartRadio" title="IHeartRadio">iHeartRadio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jbercovici-42">[42]</a> In order to better compete, in August 2011, SiriusXM announced that the company would start offering a personalized interactive online radio experience, similar to Pandora. The feature would allow listeners to replay, skip and ban songs on certain channels.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> MySXM debuted on April 15, 2013, allowing users to fine-tune over 50 existing Sirius XM channels. MySXM is available to all Sirius XM subscribers.<a href="#cite_note-msaltzman1-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> On June 17, 2009, Sirius XM released an application for use on <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>’s <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">iPod Touch</a>, allowing its subscribers to listen to its programming on those devices. The app did not feature all of the programming available to satellite listeners.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> On March 17, 2011, the app was also made available for the <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In 2012, the app was updated for <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, featuring additional content, and the ability to pause, rewind and fast-forward through audio streams.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:277px;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2015_Sirius_XM_iPad_screenshot.PNG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/2015_Sirius_XM_iPad_screenshot.PNG/275px-2015_Sirius_XM_iPad_screenshot.PNG" width="275" height="206" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/2015_Sirius_XM_iPad_screenshot.PNG/413px-2015_Sirius_XM_iPad_screenshot.PNG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150323000144im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/2015_Sirius_XM_iPad_screenshot.PNG/550px-2015_Sirius_XM_iPad_screenshot.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2015_Sirius_XM_iPad_screenshot.PNG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Sirius XM's mobile app (version 3.0), as seen on the <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad_Mini" title="IPad Mini">iPad Mini</a></div> </div> </div> On February 4, 2010, the Sirius XM <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_(company)" title="BlackBerry (company)" class="mw-redirect">BlackBerry</a> application was announced, for use on BlackBerry smartphones (the <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_Storm" title="BlackBerry Storm">Storm</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_Bold" title="BlackBerry Bold">Bold</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_Tour" title="BlackBerry Tour">Tour</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_Curve" title="BlackBerry Curve">Curve</a>).<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> As of April 2013, the app features over 150 channels.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> On May 28, 2010, the Sirius XM application for Android smartphones was announced.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> As of April 2013, the app features over 130 channels.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> As part of Howard Stern’s new five-year contract with Sirius XM, which he signed on December 9, 2010, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Howard_Stern_Show" title="The Howard Stern Show">The Howard Stern Show</a>, which hadn’t previously been made available on mobile devices, would now be a part of Sirius XM’s mobile app package.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> On March 18, 2015 SiriusXM released a refreshed user interface of the application on Android and iOS.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <h3>Subscriptions[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Subscriptions">edit</a>]</h3> Following the merger, Sirius XM jettisoned the simplicity of previous monthly subscription models, and began offering numerous new options, including a la carte offerings, a family-friendly version and “mostly music” or “news, sports and talk” packages, ranging in price from $6.99 to $16.99 per month.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> As of April 2013, almost all music, talk and news programming is available on both Sirius, XM and SiriusXM Internet Radio services.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Prior to the merger, Sirius offered a lifetime subscription for a one-time fee, with the subscription being for the lifetime of the receiver, not the person.<a href="#cite_note-rbeschizza-25">[25]</a> After the merger, due to changes in bundling policies, some customers who had purchased lifetime subscriptions had their service reduced or canceled, and were unable to obtain a refund.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <h2>Programming[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Programming">edit</a>]</h2> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sirius_XM_Radio_channels" title="List of Sirius XM Radio channels">List of Sirius XM Radio channels</a></div> From the outset, Sirius and XM each attracted celebrity personalities to host shows. <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Stern" title="Howard Stern">Howard Stern</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Ellis" title="Jason Ellis" class="mw-redirect">Jason Ellis</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Petty" title="Tom Petty">Tom Petty</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_%26_Fez" title="Ron & Fez" class="mw-redirect">Ron & Fez</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadminded" title="Broadminded">Broadminded</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bam_Margera" title="Bam Margera">Bam Margera</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Hawk" title="Tony Hawk">Tony Hawk</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Stewart" title="Martha Stewart">Martha Stewart</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opie_and_Anthony" title="Opie and Anthony">Opie and Anthony</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> are among those who signed contracts with one of the two companies. Exclusive sports programming (The <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a> on Sirius and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGA_Tour" title="PGA Tour">PGA Tour</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indy_Racing_League" title="Indy Racing League" class="mw-redirect">Indy Racing League</a> on XM) initially differentiated the networks from one another. <h2>Canadian counterparts[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Canadian counterparts">edit</a>]</h2> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_XM_Canada" title="Sirius XM Canada">Sirius XM Canada</a></div> In <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_Canada" title="Sirius Canada">Sirius Canada</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XM_Canada" title="XM Canada" class="mw-redirect">XM Canada</a> were partially owned by Sirius XM (20% and 23.3% respectively) in <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint ventures</a> with Canadian companies.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> After the US merger, the two Canadian ventures did not immediately agree to a similar merger, but instead remained in competition as distinct services.<a href="#cite_note-evlessing-72">[72]</a> Complicating matters was that Sirius Canada has nearly 80% of the total satellite radio subscriber base in that country, and felt they deserved greater than a 50/50 split of the new company, whereas XM Canada felt that their deal with the NHL — a particularly lucrative prize in Canadian sports broadcasting — also warranted a significant amount of value in the new company.<a href="#cite_note-evlessing-72">[72]</a> On November 24, 2010, XM Radio Canada and Sirius Canada announced that they would merge their services.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> On April 12, 2011, the CRTC approved the companies' merger into <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_XM_Canada" title="Sirius XM Canada">Sirius XM Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bitove" title="John Bitove">John Bitove</a>'s Canadian Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., the licensee of XM Canada, gained a 30% share in the new company as its primary and controlling shareholder, while <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaight_Communications" title="Slaight Communications">Slaight Communications</a> and the <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a>, the current owners of Sirius Canada, each retained 20% ownership. Sirius XM's American parent company would hold 25%.<a href="#cite_note-crtc-47">[47]</a> The merger was completed on June 21, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <h2>Technical[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Technical">edit</a>]</h2> <h3>Receivers[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Receivers">edit</a>]</h3> XM and Sirius use different <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">compression</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_access" title="Conditional access">conditional access</a> systems, making their receivers incompatible with each other's service. A condition of the merger was that Sirius XM would bring to the market satellite radios that can receive both XM and Sirius channels within one year.<a href="#cite_note-smusil-36">[36]</a> The interoperable radio, called the MiRGE, was made available beginning in March 2009.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> As of April 2013, Sirius XM offers portable, vehicular and home/office radios.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <h3>Satellites[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Satellites">edit</a>]</h3> As of October 2012, there are nine satellites in orbit: four XM and five Sirius satellites.<a href="#cite_note-siriusbuzz100712-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> FM-6 was launched on October 25, 2013, and declared ready for service on December 2, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Prior to that, XM-5 was sent into orbit by <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">Proton</a> from <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> on October 14, 2010, and is capable of broadcasting to either service.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Sirius XM will not need to begin building new satellites until some time around 2017.<a href="#cite_note-siriusbuzz100712-78">[78]</a> The Sirius Radio satellite transmissions use <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_band" title="S band">S band</a> frequencies from 2,320.0–2,332.5 MHz, and XM Radio transmissions use adjacent frequencies 2,332.5–2,345.0 MHz.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <h2>Milestones[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Milestones">edit</a>]</h2> The following milestones have been set during and after the merger: <table class="wikitable"> <tr> <th>Date</th> <th>Event</th> <th>Comments</th> </tr> <tr> <td>February 2007</td> <td>Execute definitive agreement</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>March 2007</td> <td>File FCC application</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>June 2007</td> <td>FCC places application on "Public Notice" (DA 07-2417)</td> <td>Comments/Petitions due July 11, 2007; Responses/Oppositions due July 24, 2007</td> </tr> <tr> <td>November 2007</td> <td>SIRIUS/XM shareholder votes</td> <td>Announced October 4, 2007, and voted upon on November 13, 2007. 96% of Sirus shareholders approved the merger,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> and 99.8% of XMSR shareholders also approved.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>March 2008</td> <td>Receive regulatory approvals</td> <td>On March 24, 2008, the U.S. Department of Justice ended its investigation of the merger (i.e., decided against blocking the deal).<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>July 2008</td> <td>Receive FCC approval</td> <td>On July 25, 2008, the FCC approved the merger voting 3-2 down party lines.<a href="#cite_note-foxb080724-86">[86]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>July 2008</td> <td>Merger Completed</td> <td>XM stock trading ceases July 28, 2008. Sirius XM Radio, Inc. becomes the name of the merged corporation.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>November 2008</td> <td>Programming merged</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>March 2009</td> <td>MiRGE released</td> <td>The first satellite radio receiver to play both Sirius and XM audio is available for purchase.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>December 2010</td> <td>Alaska & Hawaii expansion</td> <td>Receives FCC approval to add service to the two states, thus giving Sirius XM coverage in all 50 states.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>April 2013</td> <td>MySXM debuts</td> <td>A personalized interactive online radio experience.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>October 2013</td> <td><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_Channel_Communications" title="Clear Channel Communications" class="mw-redirect">Clear Channel</a>-programmed stations removed</td> <td>Channels programmed by Clear Channel, including <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%27s_Talk" title="America's Talk">America's Talk</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixx_Sense" title="Sixx Sense">Sixx Sense</a>, <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Sports_Radio" title="Fox Sports Radio">Fox Sports Radio</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSIX" title="WSIX" class="mw-redirect">WSIX</a>, are removed months after Clear Channel sells its stake in Sirius XM; <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHTZ" title="WHTZ">WHTZ</a>/New York and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIIS-FM" title="KIIS-FM">KIIS-FM</a>/Los Angeles are retained under a separate agreement.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></td> </tr> </table> <h2>References[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</h2> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gszalai020414-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gszalai020414_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gszalai020414_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gszalai020414_1-2">c</a> Georg Szalai, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/sirius-xm-reports-record-quarterly-676898">"Sirius XM Reports Record Quarterly Revenue,"</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>, February 4, 2014.</li> <li id="cite_note-siriincome-2"><a href="#cite_ref-siriincome_2-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://finance.yahoo.com/q/is?s=SIRI&annual">Sirius XM Radio Inc. (SIRI) Income Statement, Annual Data</a>, Yahoo! Finance, December 31, 2013. Accessed February 24, 2014.</li> <li id="cite_note-siribalance-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-siribalance_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-siribalance_3-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://finance.yahoo.com/q/bs?s=SIRI+Balance+Sheet&annual">Sirius XM Radio Inc. (SIRI) Balance Sheet, Annual Data</a>, Yahoo! Finance, December 31, 2013. Accessed February 24, 2014.</li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.macroaxis.com/invest/ratioCompare/SIRI--Number_of_Employees--Total_Asset">“SIRIUS Total Asset vs. Number of Employees,”</a> Macro Axis. Accessed April 18, 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/SIRI/3358511009x0x741176/DECE4582-303F-41DC-8F2A-AE1F048739E9/SiriusXM_Annual_Report_and_Proxy_2013.pdf">SiriusXM Annual Report and Proxy 2013</a>. 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<li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/radio/1483816/jim-meyer-appointed-interim-ceo-of-siriusxm-mel-karmazin-officially">“Jim Meyer Appointed Interim CEO of Sirius XM, Mel Karmazin Officially Steps Down,”</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>, December 19, 2012.</li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Georg Szalai, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/sirius-xm-names-permanent-ceo-448969">"Sirius XM Names Jim Meyer Permanent CEO, Boosts Subs, Profit in First Quarter,"</a> Hollywood Reporter, April 30, 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Alex Sherman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-04-10/sirius-xm-names-liberty-ceo-maffei-chairman-after-control-shift.html">“Sirius Names Liberty’s Maffei Chairman After Shift in Control,”</a> Bloomberg Businessweek, April 11, 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-msaltzman1-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-msaltzman1_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-msaltzman1_55-1">b</a> Marc Saltzman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/04/16/sirius-xm-app-music-radio/2088305/">“MySXM: SiriusXM app adds more personalization features,”</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>, April 16, 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Charlie White, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://mashable.com/2011/08/05/siriusxm-newfeatures/">“SiriusXM To Get Pandora-Like Upgrade,”</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashable" title="Mashable">Mashable</a>, August 5, 2011.</li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Glenn Peoples, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/digital-and-mobile/1557469/siriusxm-launches-mysxm-interactive-internet-radio">“SiriusXM Launches MySXM Interactive Internet Radio Feature,”</a> Billboard, April 15, 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Eliot Van Buskirk, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.wired.com/business/2009/06/sirius-xm-releases-lite-iphone-app-wtf/">“Sirius XM Releases ‘Lite’ iPhone App. WTF?”</a> Wired, June 23, 2009.</li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://investor.siriusxm.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=558449">“Sirius XM Internet Radio App Featuring iPad-Optimized Design Now Available on the iTunes App Store,”</a> PRNewswire, March 17, 2011.</li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Marc Saltzman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/technologylive/post/2012/10/sirius-xm-internet-radio-newly-updated-app-rocks-on-ipad-/1#.UW3LAhhvyvU">“Sirius XM Internet Radio: Newly updated app rocks on iPad,”</a> USA Today, October 28, 2012.</li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Nicholas DeLeon, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://techcrunch.com/2010/02/04/sirius-xm-application-now-available-for-blackberry-but-theres-no-howard-stern/">“Sirius XM application now available for BlackBerry (but there’s no Howard Stern),”</a> TechCrunch, February 4, 2010.</li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.siriusxm.com/blackberry">BlackBerry</a>, siriusxm.com. Accessed April 23, 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://investor.siriusxm.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=474415">“SIRIUS XM Radio Android App Now Available,”</a> PRNewswire, May 28, 2010.</li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.siriusxm.com/android">Android</a>, siriusxm.com. Accessed April 23, 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://investor.sirius.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=535956">“Howard Stern Signs New Five-Year Contract With SIRIUS XM,”</a> PRNewswire, December 9, 2010.</li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> LaRocca, Charles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://siriusbuzz.com/siriusxm-releases-new-ios-app-version-3-0.php">"SiriusXM Releases New iOS App – Version 3.0"</a>. SiriusBuzz. Retrieved 20 March 2015.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASirius+XM+Holdings&rft.atitle=SiriusXM+Releases+New+iOS+App+%E2%80%93+Version+3.0&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=LaRocca%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=LaRocca&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiriusbuzz.com%2Fsiriusxm-releases-new-ios-app-version-3-0.php&rft.jtitle=SiriusBuzz&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Jim Puzzanghera, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2008/07/sirius-xm-radio.html">“Sirius XM Radio to offer the best of both services (sort of); Karmazin predicts success,”</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>, July 30, 2008.</li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.siriusxm.com/channellineup">Channel Guide PDF</a>, siriusxm.com. Accessed April 17, 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Cathy Woodruff, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.timesunion.com/local/article/Sirius-XM-merger-leaves-users-with-serious-mess-1006251.php">“Sirius XM merger leaves users with serious mess,”</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Union_(Albany)" title="Times Union (Albany)">Times Union</a> (Albany), February 10, 2011.</li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://siriusbuzz.com/what-happens-with-that-sirius-lifetime-subscription.php">“What Happens With That Sirius Lifetime Subscription?”</a> Sirius Buzz, November 13, 2011.</li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Paul Jay, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2008/07/30/xm-sirius-conflict.html">“XM, Sirius merger in U.S. raises competition concerns in Canada,”</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>, July 30, 2008.</li> <li id="cite_note-evlessing-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-evlessing_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evlessing_72-1">b</a> Elan Vlessing, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/xm-sirius-merger-not-replicated-116510">"XM-Sirius merger not replicated in Canada,"</a> Hollywood Reporter, July 29, 2008.</li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Emil Protalinski, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.techspot.com/news/41302-xm-and-sirius-to-finally-merge-in-canada.html">“XM and Sirius to finally merge in Canada,”</a> techspot.com, November 25, 2010.</li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.allaccess.com/net-news/archive/story/89975/crtc-approves-sirius-xm-merger-in-canada">"CRTC Approves Sirius XM Merger In Canada,"</a> All Access, April 12, 2011.</li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.broadcastermagazine.com/news/sirius-canada-and-xm-canada-complete-merger/1000486539/">"Sirius Canada and XM Canada Complete Merger,"</a> Broadcaster, June 21, 2011.</li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Donald Melanson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.engadget.com/2009/01/08/sirius-xm-rolls-out-interoperable-mirge-satellite-radio/">“Sirius XM rolls out interoperable MiRGE satellite radio,”</a> Engadget, January 8, 2009.</li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://shop.siriusxm.com/edealinv/servlet/ExecMacro?nurl=control/CategoryHome.vm&ctl_nbr=10600&catParentID=49759">Shop</a>, siriusxm.com. 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Accessed April 18, 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://investor.siriusxm.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=810712">"SiriusXM Announces Sirius FM-6 Satellite Has Been Successfully Placed in Orbit and Declared Ready for Service,"</a> PR Newswire, December 2, 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Stephen Clark, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.spaceflightnow.com/proton/siriusxm5/launch/">“Sirius CM Radio satellite launched by Russian rocket,”</a> Spaceflight Now, October 14, 2010.</li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.csgnetwork.com/satradiofreq.html">"Satellite S Band Radio Frequency Table,"</a> CSG Network, updated August 15, 2011. Accessed April 23, 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.orbitcast.com/archives/sirius-stockholders-approved-merger.html">"Sirius stockholders approved merger"</a>. Orbitcast.com. 2007-11-13. Retrieved 2008-07-31.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASirius+XM+Holdings&rft.atitle=Sirius+stockholders+approved+merger&rft.date=2007-11-13&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orbitcast.com%2Farchives%2Fsirius-stockholders-approved-merger.html&rft.jtitle=Orbitcast.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.orbitcast.com/archives/xm-shareholders-approve-merger.html">"XM shareholders approve merger"</a>. Orbitcast.com. 2007-11-13. Retrieved 2008-07-31.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASirius+XM+Holdings&rft.atitle=XM+shareholders+approve+merger&rft.date=2007-11-13&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orbitcast.com%2Farchives%2Fxm-shareholders-approve-merger.html&rft.jtitle=Orbitcast.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Department of Justice, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2008/March/08_at_226.html">Statement of the Department of Justice Antitrust Division on its Decision to Close its Investigation of XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc.'s Merger with Sirius Satellite Radio Inc.</a></li> <li id="cite_note-foxb080724-86"><a href="#cite_ref-foxb080724_86-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://web.archive.org/web/20080730034637/http://www.foxbusiness.com/story/markets/industries/technology/xmsirius/">"XM/Sirius Merger Gets FCC Approval"</a>. FOXBusiness.com. Associated Press. 2008-07-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.foxbusiness.com/story/markets/industries/technology/xmsirius/">the original</a> on 2008-07-30. Retrieved 2008-07-31.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASirius+XM+Holdings&rft.atitle=XM%2FSirius+Merger+Gets+FCC+Approval&rft.date=2008-07-24&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxbusiness.com%2Fstory%2Fmarkets%2Findustries%2Ftechnology%2Fxmsirius%2F&rft.jtitle=FOXBusiness.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Venta, Lance (2 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://radioinsight.com/blog/headlines/84485/clear-channel-sells-siriusxm-stake-stations-to-leave-service/">"Clear Channel Sells SiriusXM Stake; Stations To Leave Service"</a>. RadioInsight. Retrieved 24 January 2014.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASirius+XM+Holdings&rft.atitle=Clear+Channel+Sells+SiriusXM+Stake%3B+Stations+To+Leave+Service&rft.aufirst=Lance&rft.aulast=Venta&rft.au=Venta%2C+Lance&rft.date=2+August+2013&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradioinsight.com%2Fblog%2Fheadlines%2F84485%2Fclear-channel-sells-siriusxm-stake-stations-to-leave-service%2F&rft.jtitle=RadioInsight&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol> </div> <h2>External links[<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirius_XM_Holdings&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</h2> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.siriusxm.com/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://www.fcc.gov/transaction/xm-sirius.html">Federal Communications Commission's XM-Sirius transaction page</a></li> </ul> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:NASDAQ-100" title="Template:NASDAQ-100">v</a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:NASDAQ-100" title="Template talk:NASDAQ-100">t</a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:NASDAQ-100&action=edit">e</a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Companies of the <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ-100" title="NASDAQ-100">NASDAQ-100</a> index</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21st_Century_Fox" title="21st Century Fox">21st Century Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Systems" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akamai_Technologies" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexion_Pharmaceuticals" title="Alexion Pharmaceuticals">Alexion Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altera" title="Altera">Altera</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Group" title="American Airlines Group">American Airlines Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_Devices" title="Analog Devices">Analog Devices</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Materials" title="Applied Materials">Applied Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Data_Processing" title="Automatic Data Processing">Automatic Data Processing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avago_Technologies" title="Avago Technologies">Avago</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_Bath_%26_Beyond" title="Bed Bath & Beyond">Bed Bath & Beyond</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogen_Idec" title="Biogen Idec">Biogen Idec</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._H._Robinson_Worldwide" title="C. H. Robinson Worldwide">C.H. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CA_Technologies" title="CA Technologies" class="mw-redirect">CA Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catamaran_Corporation" title="Catamaran Corporation">Catamaran Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celgene" title="Celgene">Celgene</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerner" title="Cerner">Cerner</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_Communications" title="Charter Communications">Charter Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_Point" title="Check Point">Check Point</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems" title="Cisco Systems">Cisco</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrix_Systems" title="Citrix Systems">Citrix</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognizant" title="Cognizant">Cognizant</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Communications" title="Discovery Communications">Discovery Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dish_Network" title="Dish Network">Dish Network</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_Tree" title="Dollar Tree">Dollar Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinix" title="Equinix">Equinix</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expeditors_International" title="Expeditors International">Expeditors International</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Express_Scripts" title="Express Scripts">Express Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastenal" title="Fastenal">Fastenal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiserv" title="Fiserv">Fiserv</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmin" title="Garmin">Garmin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilead_Sciences" title="Gilead Sciences">Gilead Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Schein" title="Henry Schein">Henry Schein</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illumina_(company)" title="Illumina (company)">Illumina</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuit" title="Intuit">Intuit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuitive_Surgical" title="Intuitive Surgical">Intuitive Surgical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLA-Tencor" title="KLA-Tencor">KLA-Tencor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keurig_Green_Mountain" title="Keurig Green Mountain">Keurig Green Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_Foods" title="Kraft Foods">Kraft Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lam_Research" title="Lam Research">Lam Research</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Global" title="Liberty Global">Liberty Global</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Interactive" title="Liberty Interactive">Liberty Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Media" title="Liberty Media">Liberty Media</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Technology" title="Linear Technology">Linear Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_International" title="Marriott International">Marriott International</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondel%C4%93z_International" title="Mondelēz International">Mondelēz International</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster_Beverage" title="Monster Beverage">Monster Beverage</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mylan" title="Mylan">Mylan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetApp" title="NetApp">NetApp</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP Semiconductors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Reilly_Automotive" title="O'Reilly Automotive">O'Reilly Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paychex" title="Paychex">Paychex</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeneron" title="Regeneron">Regeneron Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Stores" title="Ross Stores">Ross Stores</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SanDisk" title="SanDisk">SanDisk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBA_Communications" title="SBA Communications">SBA Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma-Aldrich" title="Sigma-Aldrich">Sigma-Aldrich</a></li> <li>Sirius XM Holdings</li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staples_Inc." title="Staples Inc.">Staples</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stericycle" title="Stericycle">Stericycle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symantec" title="Symantec">Symantec</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Motors" title="Tesla Motors">Tesla Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Priceline_Group" title="The Priceline Group">The Priceline Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractor_Supply_Company" title="Tractor Supply Company">Tractor Supply Company</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TripAdvisor" title="TripAdvisor">TripAdvisor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisk_Analytics" title="Verisk Analytics">Verisk Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_Pharmaceuticals" title="Vertex Pharmaceuticals">Vertex Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viacom" title="Viacom">Viacom</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VimpelCom_Ltd." title="VimpelCom Ltd.">VimpelCom</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Digital" title="Western Digital">Western Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynn_Resorts" title="Wynn Resorts">Wynn Resorts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilinx" title="Xilinx">Xilinx</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Liberty_Media" title="Template:Liberty Media">v</a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Liberty_Media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Liberty Media (page does not exist)">t</a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Liberty_Media&action=edit">e</a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Media" title="Liberty Media">Liberty Media</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Liberty Capital</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danville_Braves" title="Danville Braves">Danville Braves</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSL_Braves" title="DSL Braves" class="mw-redirect">DSL Braves</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_Braves" title="GCL Braves" class="mw-redirect">GCL Braves</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwinnett_Braves" title="Gwinnett Braves">Gwinnett Braves</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_Braves" title="Mississippi Braves">Mississippi Braves</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_Braves" title="Rome Braves">Rome Braves</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leisure_Arts" title="Leisure Arts">Leisure Arts</a></li> <li>TruePosition</li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacNeil/Lehrer_Productions" title="MacNeil/Lehrer Productions" class="mw-redirect">MacNeil/Lehrer Productions</a> (67%)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_XM_Radio" title="Sirius XM Radio" class="mw-redirect">Sirius XM Radio</a> (40%)</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Audio_broadcasting" title="Template:Audio broadcasting">v</a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Audio_broadcasting" title="Template talk:Audio broadcasting">t</a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Audio_broadcasting&action=edit">e</a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_recording" title="Analog recording">Analog</a> and <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">digital audio</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcasting</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Terrestrial</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">Radio</a> <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation" title="Modulation">modulation</a></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude_modulation" title="Amplitude modulation">AM</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing">COFDM</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_allocation" title="Frequency allocation">Frequency allocations</a></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">LW</a> (<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_frequency" title="Low frequency">LF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_wave" title="Medium wave">MW</a> (<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_frequency" title="Medium frequency">MF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortwave_radio" title="Shortwave radio">SW</a> (<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_frequency" title="High frequency">HF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a> (<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_I" title="Band I">low</a> / <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">mid</a> / <a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_III" title="Band III">high</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L_band_(template)" title="L band (template)" class="mw-redirect">L band</a> (<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a>)</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Digital systems</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAM-D" title="CAM-D">CAM-D</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">DAB/DAB+</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Radio_Mondiale" title="Digital Radio Mondiale">DRM/DRM+</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMeXtra" title="FMeXtra">FMeXtra</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_Radio" title="HD Radio">HD Radio</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Satellite</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Frequency allocations</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_band" title="C band">C band</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_band" title="Ku band">Ku band</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L_band_(template)" title="L band (template)" class="mw-redirect">L band</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_band" title="S band">S band</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Digital systems</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astra_Digital_Radio" title="Astra Digital Radio">ADR</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">DAB-S</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVB-SH" title="DVB-SH">DVB-SH</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-DMB" title="S-DMB">S-DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETSI_Satellite_Digital_Radio" title="ETSI Satellite Digital Radio">SDR</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">Commercial radio</a> providers</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1worldspace" title="1worldspace">1worldspace</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_XM_Radio" title="Sirius XM Radio" class="mw-redirect">Sirius XM</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_XM_Canada" title="Sirius XM Canada">Sirius XM Canada</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codec" title="Codec">Codecs</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Adaptive_Multi-Rate_%E2%80%93_Wideband" title="Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate – Wideband">AMR-WB+</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Audio Layer II</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcarrier" title="Subcarrier">Subcarrier</a> signals</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude_modulation_signalling_system" title="Amplitude modulation signalling system">AMSS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DirectBand" title="DirectBand">DirectBand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program-associated_data" title="Program-associated data">PAD</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Data_System" title="Radio Data System">RDS/RBDS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiary_communications_authority" title="Subsidiary communications authority">SCA/SCMO</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div style="font-size:110%">Related topics</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Technical (audio)</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_data_compression" title="Audio data compression" class="mw-redirect">Audio data compression</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_signal_processing" title="Audio signal processing">Audio signal processing</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Technical (<a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_stereo" title="AM stereo">AM stereo</a> formats)</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_stereo#Belar_System" title="AM stereo">Belar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-QUAM" title="C-QUAM">C-QUAM</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_stereo#Harris_System" title="AM stereo">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_stereo#Kahn-Hazeltine" title="AM stereo">Kahn-Hazeltine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_stereo#Magnavox_System" title="AM stereo">Magnavox</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Technical (emission)</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_expanded_band" title="AM expanded band">AM expanded band</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_radio" title="Cable radio">Cable radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">Digital radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction" title="Error detection and correction">Error detection and correction</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_broadcast_band" title="FM broadcast band">FM broadcast band</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323000144/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipath_propagation" title="Multipath propagation">Multipath propagation</a></li> <li><a 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