A new radiocarbon revolution and the dispersal of modern humans in Eurasia

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Two recent developments in the methodology of radiocarbon dating show that the speed of colonization of Europe by modern human populations was more rapid than previously believed, and that their period of coexistence with the preceding Neanderthal was shorter. Two recent developments in radiocarbon dating have caused a stir. First, the introduction of ultrafiltration of bone samples has virtually eliminated carbon contaminants. And second, new data from deep-sea sediments in the Cariaco Basin have dramatically improved calibration between ‘absolute’ calendar dates and radiocarbon ages. Some of the greatest revisions cover the crucial 30,000–40,000-year time range, when modern humans arrived in Europe and developed what we now think of as arts and culture. Paul Mellars has reviewed the literature with the new dates in mind and suggests that modern humans colonized Europe much more rapidly, and that their period of coexistence with Neanderthals was shorter than previously thought. 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First, the introduction of ultrafiltration of bone samples has virtually eliminated carbon contaminants. And second, new..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature04521/MediaObjects/41586_2006_Article_BFnature04521_Fig1_HTML.jpg"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04521"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Nature"/> <meta property="og:title" content="A new radiocarbon revolution and the dispersal of modern humans in Eurasia - Nature"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Two recent developments in radiocarbon dating have caused a stir. First, the introduction of ultrafiltration of bone samples has virtually eliminated carbon contaminants. And second, new data from deep-sea sediments in the Cariaco Basin have dramatically improved calibration between ‘absolute’ calendar dates and radiocarbon ages. Some of the greatest revisions cover the crucial 30,000–40,000-year time range, when modern humans arrived in Europe and developed what we now think of as arts and culture. Paul Mellars has reviewed the literature with the new dates in mind and suggests that modern humans colonized Europe much more rapidly, and that their period of coexistence with Neanderthals was shorter than previously thought. 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</header> </div> <div class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs1" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Abs1">Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs1-content"><p>Radiocarbon dating has been fundamental to the study of human cultural and biological development over the past 50,000 yr. Two recent developments in the methodology of radiocarbon dating show that the speed of colonization of Europe by modern human populations was more rapid than previously believed, and that their period of coexistence with the preceding Neanderthal was shorter.</p></div></div></section> <noscript> <div class="c-nature-box c-nature-box--side " data-component="entitlement-box"> <div class="js-access-button"> <a href="https://wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnature04521" class="c-article__button" data-test="ra21"> <svg class="u-icon" width="18" height="18" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><use href="#icon-institution"></use></svg> <span class="c-article__button-text">Access through your institution</span> </a> </div> <div class="js-buy-button"> <a href="#access-options" class="c-article__button c-article__button--inverted" data-test="ra21"> <span>Buy or subscribe</span> </a> </div> </div> </noscript> <div 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Shackleton, C. Bronk Ramsey, T. Higham, R. Hedges, H. Valladas, N. Mercier, M. Fontugne, N. Tisnérat-Laborde, M. Paterne, B. Weninger, W. Davies, O. Bar-Yosef, J. Richter and J. Kozlowski for discussions of the points raised in the paper. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/articles/nature04521#Fig5">Figure 5</a> was reproduced with permission from the French Ministry of Culture and Communication, Regional Direction for Cultural Affairs–Rhône-Alpes, Regional Department of Archeology (image 20).</p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="author-information" data-title="Author information"><div class="c-article-section" id="author-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="author-information">Author information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="author-information-content"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="affiliations">Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol class="c-article-author-affiliation__list"><li id="Aff1"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Archaeology, Cambridge University, CB2 3DZ, Cambridge, UK</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Paul Mellars</p></li></ol><div class="u-js-hide u-hide-print" data-test="author-info"><span class="c-article__sub-heading">Authors</span><ol class="c-article-authors-search u-list-reset"><li id="auth-Paul-Mellars-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Paul Mellars</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?author=Paul%20Mellars" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Paul%20Mellars" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Paul%20Mellars%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li></ol></div><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="corresponding-author">Corresponding author</h3><p id="corresponding-author-list">Correspondence to <a id="corresp-c1" href="mailto:pam59@cam.ac.uk">Paul Mellars</a>.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Ethics declarations"><div class="c-article-section" id="ethics-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="ethics">Ethics declarations</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="ethics-content"> <h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Competing interests</h3> <p>Reprints and permissions information is available at <a href="http://npg.nature.com/reprintsandpermissions">npg.nature.com/reprintsandpermissions</a>. 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A new radiocarbon revolution and the dispersal of modern humans in Eurasia. <i>Nature</i> <b>439</b>, 931–935 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04521</p><p class="c-bibliographic-information__download-citation u-hide-print"><a data-test="citation-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="download article citation" data-track-label="link" data-track-external="" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1038/nature04521?format=refman&flavour=citation">Download citation<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p><ul class="c-bibliographic-information__list" data-test="publication-history"><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Issue Date<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2006-02-23">23 February 2006</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item c-bibliographic-information__list-item--full-width"><p><abbr title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</abbr><span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04521</span></p></li></ul><div data-component="share-box"><div class="c-article-share-box u-display-none" hidden=""><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Share this article</h3><p class="c-article-share-box__description">Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:</p><button class="js-get-share-url c-article-share-box__button" type="button" id="get-share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-external="" data-track-action="get shareable link">Get shareable link</button><div class="js-no-share-url-container u-display-none" hidden=""><p class="js-c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info">Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.</p></div><div class="js-share-url-container u-display-none" hidden=""><p class="js-share-url c-article-share-box__only-read-input" id="share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="select share url"></p><button class="js-copy-share-url c-article-share-box__button--link-like" type="button" id="copy-share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="copy share url" data-track-external="">Copy to clipboard</button></div><p class="js-c-article-share-box__additional-info c-article-share-box__additional-info"> Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative </p></div></div><div data-component="article-info-list"></div></div></div></div></div></section> </div> <section> <div class="c-article-section js-article-section" id="further-reading-section" data-test="further-reading-section"> <h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="further-reading">This article is cited by</h2> <div class="c-article-section__content js-collapsible-section" id="further-reading-content"> <ul class="c-article-further-reading__list" id="further-reading-list"> <li class="c-article-further-reading__item js-ref-item"> <h3 class="c-article-further-reading__title" data-test="article-title"> <a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view further reading article" data-track-label="link:Subsistence of early anatomically modern humans in Europe as evidenced in the Protoaurignacian occupations of Fumane Cave, Italy" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30059-3"> Subsistence of early anatomically modern humans in Europe as evidenced in the Protoaurignacian occupations of Fumane Cave, Italy </a> </h3> <ul data-test="author-list" class="c-author-list c-author-list--compact c-author-list--truncated u-sans-serif u-mb-4 u-mt-auto"> <li>Ana B. 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A new radiocarbon revolution and the dispersal of modern humans in Eurasia | Nature