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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jabiru5100-180hp.jpg/375px-Jabiru5100-180hp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jabiru5100-180hp.jpg/500px-Jabiru5100-180hp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Jabiru_5100" title="Jabiru 5100">Jabiru 5100</a> <a href="/wiki/Flat-eight_engine" title="Flat-eight engine">flat-8</a> four-stroke <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_engine" title="Aircraft engine">aircraft engine</a> with dual ignition, with two spark plugs per cylinder and two <a href="/wiki/Distributor" title="Distributor">distributors</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dual Ignition</b> is a system for spark-ignition engines, whereby critical ignition components, such as <a href="/wiki/Spark_plug" title="Spark plug">spark plugs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ignition_magneto" title="Ignition magneto">magnetos</a>, are duplicated. Dual ignition is most commonly employed on <a href="/wiki/Aero_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aero engine">aero engines</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Crane_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crane-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GroundUp27th_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GroundUp27th-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is sometimes found on cars and motorcycles. </p><p>Dual ignition provides two advantages: <a href="/wiki/Redundancy_(engineering)" title="Redundancy (engineering)">redundancy</a> in the event of in-flight failure of one ignition system; and more efficient burning of the fuel-air mixture within the combustion chamber.<sup id="cite_ref-Crane_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crane-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GroundUp27th_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GroundUp27th-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In aircraft and gasoline-powered fire fighting equipment, redundancy is the prime consideration, but in other vehicles the main targets are efficient combustion and meeting emission law requirements. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efficiency">Efficiency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_ignition&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Efficiency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_R1100S_-_Flickr_-_mick_-_Lumix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/BMW_R1100S_-_Flickr_-_mick_-_Lumix.jpg/220px-BMW_R1100S_-_Flickr_-_mick_-_Lumix.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/BMW_R1100S_-_Flickr_-_mick_-_Lumix.jpg/330px-BMW_R1100S_-_Flickr_-_mick_-_Lumix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/BMW_R1100S_-_Flickr_-_mick_-_Lumix.jpg/440px-BMW_R1100S_-_Flickr_-_mick_-_Lumix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2853" data-file-height="2492" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BMW_R1100S" title="BMW R1100S">BMW R1100S</a> with dual ignition. The second spark plug is concealed below the cylinder head.</figcaption></figure> <p>A dual ignition system will typically provide that each cylinder has twin <a href="/wiki/Spark_plug" title="Spark plug">spark plugs</a>, and that the engine will have at least two ignition circuits, such as duplicate <a href="/wiki/Ignition_magneto" title="Ignition magneto">magnetos</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ignition_coil" title="Ignition coil">ignition coils</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dual ignition promotes engine efficiency by initiating twin flame fronts, giving faster and more complete burning and thereby increasing power.<sup id="cite_ref-RaceService_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RaceService-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although a dual ignition system is a method of achieving optimum combustion and better fuel consumption, it remains rare in cars and motorcycles because of difficulties in siting the second plug within the cylinder head (thus, many dual ignition systems found on production automobiles typically were of a two valve design rather than a four valve). The <a href="/wiki/Nash_Ambassador#Nash_Ambassador,_mid-1932-1948" title="Nash Ambassador">Nash Ambassador</a> for 1932-1948 used twin sparkplugs on the straight eight engine, while later Alfa Romeo <a href="/wiki/Twin_Spark" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin Spark">Twin Spark</a> cars use dual ignition, as do Honda cars with the <a href="/wiki/Honda_L_engine" title="Honda L engine">i-DSI series engines</a>, and Chrysler's <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Hemi_engine#Modern_Hemi" title="Chrysler Hemi engine">Modern Hemi engine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980 Nissan installed twin sparkplugs on the <a href="/wiki/Nissan_NAPS" title="Nissan NAPS">Nissan NAPS-Z</a> engine, with <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> introducing it on the 1989 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranger_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Ranger (North America)">Ford Ranger</a> and 1991 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang_(third_generation)#1987–1993" title="Ford Mustang (third generation)">Ford Mustang</a> four-cylinder models. Several modern Mercedes-Benz engines also have two spark plugs per cylinder, such as the <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_M112_engine" title="Mercedes-Benz M112 engine">M112</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_M113_engine" title="Mercedes-Benz M113 engine">M113</a> engines. Some motorcycles, such as the <a href="/wiki/Honda_VT_series" title="Honda VT series">Honda VT500</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ducati_Multistrada" title="Ducati Multistrada">Ducati Multistrada</a>, also have dual ignition.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2012 <a href="/wiki/Ducati_Multistrada" title="Ducati Multistrada">Ducati Multistrada</a> was upgraded with "twin-plug cylinder heads for smoother, more efficient combustion", the change contributing to a 5% increase in torque and a 10% improvement in fuel consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early <a href="/wiki/BMW_R1100S" title="BMW R1100S">BMW R1100S</a> bikes had a single spark plug per cylinder, but after 2003 they were upgraded to dual ignition to meet emission law requirements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_ignition&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome_9N_1917_160_hp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gnome_9N_1917_160_hp.jpg/220px-Gnome_9N_1917_160_hp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gnome_9N_1917_160_hp.jpg/330px-Gnome_9N_1917_160_hp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gnome_9N_1917_160_hp.jpg/440px-Gnome_9N_1917_160_hp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="1602" /></a><figcaption>A 160 hp (119 kW) <a href="/wiki/Gnome_Monosoupape" title="Gnome Monosoupape">Gnome 9N Monosoupape</a> with dual ignition provision.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dual ignition in aero-engines should enable the aircraft to continue to fly safely after an ignition system failure. Operation of aero engines on one magneto (rather than both) typically results in an rpm drop of around 75 rpm.<sup id="cite_ref-GroundUp27th_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GroundUp27th-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its existence on aviation powerplants dates back to the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> years, when such engines as the <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Suiza_8" title="Hispano-Suiza 8">Hispano-Suiza 8</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercedes_D.III" title="Mercedes D.III">Mercedes D.III</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Rotary_engine" title="Rotary engine">rotary engines</a> as the later <a href="/wiki/Gnome_Monosoupape" title="Gnome Monosoupape">Gnome Monosoupape</a> model 9N 160 hp (119 kW) versions featured twin spark plugs per cylinder. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hewland_AE75" title="Hewland AE75">Hewland AE75</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Straight-three_engine" title="Straight-three engine">inline three cylinder</a> aero-engine created for the <a href="/wiki/ARV_Super2" title="ARV Super2">ARV Super2</a>, had three ignition circuits, each circuit serving a plug in two different cylinders. If just one of the three circuits failed, all three cylinders still received sparks, and even if two circuits were to fail, the remaining circuit would keep the engine running on two cylinders.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partial_dual_ignition">Partial dual ignition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_ignition&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Partial dual ignition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While true dual ignition uses completely separate and redundant systems, some <a href="/wiki/Type_certificate" title="Type certificate">certified</a> engines, such as the <a href="/wiki/Lycoming_O-320-H2AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycoming O-320-H2AD">Lycoming O-320-H2AD</a> use a single engine magneto drive-shaft turning two separate magnetos. Whilst saving weight, this creates a <a href="/wiki/Single_point_of_failure" title="Single point of failure">single point of failure</a> in mechanical terms, that could cause both ignition systems to cease working.<sup id="cite_ref-GroundUp27th_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GroundUp27th-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A simple form of partial dual ignition on some <a href="/wiki/Amateur-built_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Amateur-built aircraft">amateur-built aircraft</a> uses a single spark plug, but duplicates the coil and pick-up for better redundancy than traditional single ignition.<sup id="cite_ref-Jodel_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jodel-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A further form of partial dual ignition (such as on the <a href="/wiki/Honda_VT500" title="Honda VT500">Honda VT500</a>) is for each cylinder to have a single HT coil which sends the current to one plug and completes the circuit via the second plug, rather than via the earth. This system requires a voltage sufficient to jump both plug gaps, but an advantage is that if one plug fouls, the fouled plug may burn itself clean while the engine continues running. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wankel_engines">Wankel engines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_ignition&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wankel engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wankel_engine" title="Wankel engine">Wankel engines</a> have such an elongated combustion chamber that even non-aero wankel engines may adopt dual ignition to promote better combustion. The <a href="/wiki/MidWest_AE_series" title="MidWest AE series">MidWest AE series</a> Wankel aero-engine has twin plugs per chamber, but these are placed side-by-side, not sequentially, so their main purpose is to give redundancy rather than improved combustion.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distillate_fuel">Distillate fuel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_ignition&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Distillate fuel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard W. Dilworth of the <a href="/wiki/Electro-Motive_Diesel" title="Electro-Motive Diesel">Electo-Motive Corporation</a> devised a system, using four spark plugs and one carburettor per cylinder, in order to burn "distillate" fuel in train car engines. Because such heavy, but cheap, fuel was hard to ignite, a quadruple system of ignition was used in order to burn fuel roughly equivalent to kerosene or home heating fuel. By using this distillate fuel, that cost as little as one-fifth the price of gasoline before the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, a railroad could save substantially on fuel costs. However, this patented ignition system saw little commercial use.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_ignition&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Crane-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crane_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crane_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Crane, Dale: <i>Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition</i>, page 177. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56027-287-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-56027-287-2">1-56027-287-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GroundUp27th-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GroundUp27th_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GroundUp27th_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GroundUp27th_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GroundUp27th_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aviation Publishers Co. 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href="/wiki/Template:Aircraft_piston_engine_components" title="Template:Aircraft piston engine components"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aircraft_piston_engine_components" title="Template talk:Aircraft piston engine components"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aircraft_piston_engine_components" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aircraft piston engine components"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aircraft_piston_engine_components,_systems_and_terminology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_engine" title="Aircraft engine">Aircraft</a> <a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">piston engine</a> components, systems and terminology</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">Piston engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mechanical<br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camshaft" title="Camshaft">Camshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecting_rod" title="Connecting rod">Connecting rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankpin" title="Crankpin">Crankpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">Crankshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">Cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_head" title="Cylinder head">Cylinder head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudgeon_pin" title="Gudgeon pin">Gudgeon pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_tappet" title="Hydraulic tappet">Hydraulic tappet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_bearing" title="Main bearing">Main bearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obturator_ring" title="Obturator ring">Obturator ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_pump_(internal_combustion_engine)" title="Oil pump (internal combustion engine)">Oil pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">Piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston_ring" title="Piston ring">Piston ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppet_valve" title="Poppet valve">Poppet valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_valve_engine" title="Overhead valve engine">Pushrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocker_arm" title="Rocker arm">Rocker arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeve_valve" title="Sleeve valve">Sleeve valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappet" title="Tappet">Tappet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electrical<br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternator_(automotive)" title="Alternator (automotive)">Alternator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capacitor_discharge_ignition" title="Capacitor discharge ignition">Capacitor discharge ignition</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dual ignition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_injection" title="Fuel injection">Electronic fuel injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_generator" title="Electric generator">Generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_system" title="Ignition system">Ignition system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_magneto" title="Ignition magneto">Magneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_plug" title="Spark plug">Spark plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starter_(engine)" title="Starter (engine)">Starter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air-cooled_engine" title="Air-cooled engine">Air-cooled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_engine_starting" title="Aircraft engine starting">Aircraft engine starting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bore_(engine)" title="Bore (engine)">Bore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_ratio" title="Compression ratio">Compression ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_centre_(engineering)" title="Dead centre (engineering)">Dead centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engine_displacement" title="Engine displacement">Engine displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">Horsepower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_timing" title="Ignition timing">Ignition timing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifold_vacuum" title="Manifold vacuum">Manifold pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_effective_pressure" title="Mean effective pressure">Mean effective pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturally_aspirated_engine" title="Naturally aspirated engine">Naturally aspirated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnome_Monosoupape" title="Gnome Monosoupape">Monosoupape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_camshaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Overhead camshaft">Overhead camshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_valve_engine" title="Overhead valve engine">Overhead valve engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_engine" title="Rotary engine">Rotary engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_cooling" title="Shock cooling">Shock cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroke_(engine)" title="Stroke (engine)">Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_between_overhauls" title="Time between overhauls">Time between overhauls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">Two-stroke engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_timing" title="Valve timing">Valve timing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volumetric_efficiency" title="Volumetric efficiency">Volumetric efficiency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Propeller_(aeronautics)" title="Propeller (aeronautics)">Propellers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Propeller_governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Propeller governor">Propeller governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propeller_speed_reduction_unit" title="Propeller speed reduction unit">Propeller speed reduction unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinner_(aeronautics)" title="Spinner (aeronautics)">Spinner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autofeather" title="Autofeather">Autofeather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_pitch" title="Blade pitch">Blade pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant-speed_propeller" class="mw-redirect" title="Constant-speed propeller">Constant-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contra-rotating_propellers" title="Contra-rotating propellers">Contra-rotating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-rotating_propellers" title="Counter-rotating propellers">Counter-rotating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scimitar_propeller" title="Scimitar propeller">Scimitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-blade_propeller" title="Single-blade propeller">Single-blade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-pitch_propeller_(aeronautics)" title="Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)">Variable-pitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engine instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciator_panel" title="Annunciator panel">Annunciator panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_flight_instrument_system" title="Electronic flight instrument system">EFIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engine-indicating_and_crew-alerting_system" title="Engine-indicating and crew-alerting system">EICAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_data_recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight data recorder">Flight data recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_cockpit" title="Glass cockpit">Glass cockpit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbs_meter" title="Hobbs meter">Hobbs meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachometer" title="Tachometer">Tachometer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_engine_controls" title="Aircraft engine controls">Engine controls</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carburetor_heat" title="Carburetor heat">Carburetor heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throttle" title="Throttle">Throttle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_fuel_system" title="Aircraft fuel system">Fuel</a> and induction<br />system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avgas" title="Avgas">Avgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carburetor" title="Carburetor">Carburetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_injection" title="Fuel injection">Fuel injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gascolator" title="Gascolator">Gascolator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inlet_manifold" title="Inlet manifold">Inlet manifold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercooler" title="Intercooler">Intercooler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_carburetor" title="Pressure carburetor">Pressure carburetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">Supercharger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">Turbocharger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Updraft_carburetor" title="Updraft carburetor">Updraft carburetor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_power_unit" title="Auxiliary power unit">Auxiliary power unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffman_engine_starter" title="Coffman engine starter">Coffman starter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fluid#Aircraft_hydraulic_systems" title="Hydraulic fluid">Hydraulic system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_protection_system" title="Ice protection system">Ice protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recoil_start" class="mw-redirect" title="Recoil start">Recoil start</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dual_ignition&oldid=1083728510">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dual_ignition&oldid=1083728510</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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