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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="François Hanriot" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="François Hanriot" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="François Hanriot" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC_%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8C" title="Φρανσουά Ανριό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρανσουά Ανριό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="François Hanriot" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88" title="فرانسوا آنریو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانسوا آنریو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="François Hanriot" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="François Hanriot" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="François Hanriot" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA" title="فرانسوا هانريوت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانسوا هانريوت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="François Hanriot" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="François Hanriot" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Анрио, Франсуа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Анрио, Франсуа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="François Hanriot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="François Hanriot" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="François Hanriot" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE" title="Франсуа Анріо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франсуа Анріо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E6%98%82%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5" title="弗朗索瓦·昂里奥 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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decoding="async" width="230" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpg/345px-G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpg/460px-G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3350" data-file-height="4793" /></a><figcaption>From 10 August 1792 François Hanriot was <i>chef de la section des sans-culottes</i>; drawing by <a href="/wiki/Georges-Fran%C3%A7ois-Marie_Gabriel" title="Georges-François-Marie Gabriel">Gabriel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Carnavalet_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnavalet Museum">Carnavalet Museum</a> </figcaption></figure> <p><b>François Hanriot</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[fʁɑ̃swa<span class="wrap"> </span>ɑ̃ʁjo]</a></span>; 2 December 1759 – 28 July 1794) was a French <a href="/wiki/Sans-culotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Sans-culotte">Sans-culotte</a> leader, street orator, and commander of the <a href="/wiki/National_Guard" title="National Guard">National Guard</a> during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. He played a vital role in the <a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793" title="Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793">Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793</a> and subsequently the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Girondins" title="Girondins">Girondins</a>. On <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Robespierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Robespierre">27 July 1794</a> he tried to release <a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Maximilien Robespierre</a>, who was arrested by the Convention. He was executed on the next day – together with Robespierre, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Saint-Just</a> and <a href="/wiki/Couthon" class="mw-redirect" title="Couthon">Couthon</a> – by the rules of the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_22_Prairial" title="Law of 22 Prairial">law of 22 Prairial</a>, only verifying his identity at the trial. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>François Hanriot was born in <a href="/wiki/Nanterre" title="Nanterre">Nanterre</a>, now a western suburb of Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents were servants (gardeners) to a former Treasurer of France,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and came from <a href="/wiki/Sormery" title="Sormery">Sormery</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bourgogne" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgogne">Bourgogne</a>. Between 1779 and 1783 he supposedly was a soldier in America serving under <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_La_Fayette" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette">Lafayette</a>, but there are no documents to prove that.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not a man of any specific profession, Hanriot held a variety of different jobs. He took his first employment with a <a href="/wiki/Prosecutor#France" title="Prosecutor"><i>procureur</i></a> doing mostly secretarial work but lost his position due to dishonesty. Next, he obtained a clerkship in the Paris <i><a href="/wiki/Octroi" title="Octroi">octroi</a></i> in 1789, doing tax work. His position there was also ill-fated; he was dismissed after leaving his station on the night of 12 July 1789, when the popular <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Jacques Necker</a> was fired, and angry Parisians attempted to burn down the building belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Wall_of_the_Ferme_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Wall of the Ferme générale">Wall of the Ferme générale</a>. Hanriot was arrested and imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Bic%C3%AAtre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicêtre">Bicêtre</a> and released the next year with the help of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his string of unfortunate professions, Hanriot remained unemployed and subsequently very poor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His next string of occupations is rather hazy in history; many people of the time connect him to a variety of professions including shopkeeper, liquor-seller, and <a href="/wiki/Peddler" title="Peddler">peddler</a>. He lived near the <a href="/wiki/Jardin_des_Plantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Jardin des Plantes">Jardin des Plantes</a> at 21, Rue de la Clef. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_the_first_years_of_the_Revolution">Role in the first years of the Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Role in the first years of the Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After generating a more substantial fortune he moved around the corner to Rue du Battoir, now Rue de Quatrefages. In January 1792, Hanriot became well known for his anti-aristocratic outlook and for attacking Lafayette. He became an <a href="/wiki/Orator" title="Orator">orator</a> for the local section <i><a href="/wiki/Sans-culottes" title="Sans-culottes">sans-culottes</a></i>, one of the most populous and poorest districts of the capital. On 9 August 1792, when the Assembly refused to impeach Lafayette, the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tocsin" class="extiw" title="wikt:tocsin">tocsin</a> called the sections into arms.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the evening the "commissionaires" of several sections (<a href="/wiki/Billaud-Varenne" class="mw-redirect" title="Billaud-Varenne">Billaud-Varenne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaspard_Chaumette" title="Pierre Gaspard Chaumette">Chaumette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert" title="Jacques Hébert">Hébert</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hanriot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Fleuriot-Lescot" title="Jean-Baptiste Fleuriot-Lescot">Fleuriot-Lescot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Nicolas_Pache" title="Jean-Nicolas Pache">Pache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Louis_Bourdon" title="François Louis Bourdon">Bourdon</a>) gathered in the town hall. The next day the <a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Tuileries" class="mw-redirect" title="Storming of the Tuileries">Tuileries was stormed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(France)" title="National Guard (France)">National Guard</a>, the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédérés">Fédérés</a> and the people from the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_sections_of_Paris" title="Revolutionary sections of Paris">revolutionary sections of Paris</a>. </p><p>As a member of the <a href="/wiki/Cordeliers" title="Cordeliers">Cordeliers club</a> he was strongly in favor of imposing taxes on the aristocracy, presenting them "with a bill in one hand and a pistol in the other." With this attitude he gained a loyal following of local <i>sans-culottes</i> and they would appoint him on 2 September as captain of the National Guard battalion of his section.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndress2006396_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndress2006396-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unlikely he participated in the <a href="/wiki/September_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="September Massacre">September Massacre</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Sainte-P%C3%A9lagie_Prison" title="Sainte-Pélagie Prison">Sainte-Pélagie Prison</a> in his section was not visited at all.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next evening he was present at <a href="/wiki/Bic%C3%AAtre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicêtre">Bicêtre</a> with his battalion. According to Cassignac his men were involved in the massacre.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Fall_of_the_Girondists">The Fall of the Girondists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Fall of the Girondists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_chute_des_Girondins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/La_chute_des_Girondins.jpg/220px-La_chute_des_Girondins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/La_chute_des_Girondins.jpg/330px-La_chute_des_Girondins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/La_chute_des_Girondins.jpg/440px-La_chute_des_Girondins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1537" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><i>Journées des 31 Mai, 1er et 2 Juin 1793</i>, an engraving of the Convention surrounded by National Guards, forcing the deputies to arrest the Girondins and to establish an armed force of 6,000 men. The insurrection was organized by the Paris Commune and supported by Montagnards.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_elimination_of_Girondins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/The_elimination_of_Girondins.jpg/220px-The_elimination_of_Girondins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/The_elimination_of_Girondins.jpg/330px-The_elimination_of_Girondins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/The_elimination_of_Girondins.jpg/440px-The_elimination_of_Girondins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6967" data-file-height="5233" /></a><figcaption>The uprising of the Parisian <i>sans-culottes</i> from 31 May to 2 June 1793. The scene takes place in front of the Deputies Chamber in the Tuileries. The depiction shows <a href="/wiki/Marie-Jean_H%C3%A9rault_de_S%C3%A9chelles" title="Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles">Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Victurnien_Vergniaud" title="Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud">Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Spring of 1793 was a period of great political tension in Paris as the radical voices in the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune_(French_Revolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Commune (French Revolution)">Commune</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Montagnard_(French_Revolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montagnard (French Revolution)">Montagnards</a> in the Convention became more overtly hostile to the ruling <a href="/wiki/Girondins" title="Girondins">Girondist</a> faction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchama1989714–722_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchama1989714–722-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The authorities' decision to arrest <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a> in April brought matters to a head and precipitated the <a href="/wiki/Girondins#Decline_and_fall" title="Girondins">fall of the Girondins</a> in which Hanriot played a major part. In the evening of 30 May 1793 the Commune appointed Hanriot provisionally to the position of "Commandant-General" of the Parisian National Guard,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Joseph_Santerre" title="Antoine Joseph Santerre">Santerre</a> was fighting in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">Vendée</a>. He was ordered to march his troops to the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Palais National</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELegrand1989341_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELegrand1989341-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of this move was to force the Convention to dissolve the <a href="/wiki/Commission_of_Twelve" title="Commission of Twelve">Commission of Twelve</a> and the arrest of 22 selected Girondists. Some people on the galleries called "A la Vendée".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the night of 30–31 May, the city gates were closed and at 3 the tocsin (in the Notre-Dame) was rung.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanriot ordered the firing of a cannon on the <a href="/wiki/Pont-Neuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Pont-Neuf">Pont-Neuf</a> as a sign of alarm, without the permission of the Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Victurnien_Vergniaud" title="Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud">Vergniaud</a> suggested the arrest of Hanriot. (Robespierre attacked Vergniaud and denounced the commission of Twelve.) In the evening of 1 June the Comité Insurrectionnel ordered the arrest of 27 Girondins, including <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Roland" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Marie Roland">Jean-Marie Roland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Henri_H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Marie_Lebrun-Tondu" title="Pierre Henri Hélène Marie Lebrun-Tondu">Lebrun-Tondu</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Clavière</a>, the banning of the Girondist newspapers and the arrest of their editors.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also ordered François Hanriot, to surround the Convention ‘with a respectable armed force’.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Convention (about 100 deputies) decided to allow men to carry arms on days of crisis and pay them for each day. It also promised to indemnify the workers for the interruptions over the past four days. It postponed any other decisions regarding the accused deputies for three days.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Saturday 1 June the Commune gathered almost all day and was devoted to the preparation of a "great movement". In the evening 40,000 men surrounded the building to force the arrests. Hanriot's first care was to seize the key positions—<a href="/wiki/Bassin_de_l%27Arsenal" title="Bassin de l'Arsenal">the Arsenal</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Vosges" title="Place des Vosges">Place Royale</a></i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Pont_Neuf" title="Pont Neuf">Pont Neuf</a></i>. Next, the barriers were closed and prominent suspects arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959354_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959354-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At midnight the commune decided the men should take a rest and go home. The next morning the Convention invited Hanriot, who told them all his men were prepared and posts occupied. </p><p>Hanriot ordered the National Guard to march from the town hall to the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">National Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Popkin66_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popkin66-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early evening of 2 June, a large force of armed citizens; estimated by some sources as 80,000, but spoken of by Danton as 30,000 souls,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> surrounded the convention with 63 pieces of artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The armed force", Hanriot said, "will retire only when the Convention has delivered to the people the deputies denounced by the Commune."<sup id="cite_ref-gallica_12148_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallica_12148-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attempting to exit, the accused Girondins walked around the palace in a theatrical procession. Confronted on all sides by bayonets and pikes, they returned to the meeting hall and submitted to the inevitable. Twenty-two Girondins were seized one by one after some juggling with names.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael2014447_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael2014447-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They finally decided that 31 deputies were not to be imprisoned,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but only subject to house arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 June 1793 at 11 in the morning, women gathered in front of the Convention. Then Hanriot's troops surrounded the Convention with thousands of armed volunteers, cannons, and pikes while it was in session, and throngs of <i>sans-culotte</i> soldiers entered the building and disrupted the sessions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchama1989722_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchama1989722-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The President of the Convention, <a href="/wiki/Marie-Jean_H%C3%A9rault_de_S%C3%A9chelles" title="Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles">Herault de Sechelles</a>, came out to appeal to Hanriot to remove his troops, but he refused. Under that pressure, the Convention voted the arrest of 22 <a href="/wiki/Girondist" class="mw-redirect" title="Girondist">Girondist</a> deputies, removing that faction from power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELegrand1989341_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELegrand1989341-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marat and <a href="/wiki/Couthon" class="mw-redirect" title="Couthon">Couthon</a> regarded Hanriot as the "Savior of the Fatherland". (Gérard Walter insists on the contrary on the perfect discipline of the men commanded by Hanriot. The historian thus attributes to the sans-culotte commander the merit of having avoided bloodshed during the exclusion and the arrest of the Girondins deputies.) On 11 June Hanriot resigned his command, declaring that order had been restored. On 29 June he was reelected in his section.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 July he was elected by the Commune and two days later appointed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_No%C3%ABl_Bouchotte" title="Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte">Jean Bouchotte</a> as permanent commander of the armed forces of Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 September, the <i>sans-culottes</i> again invaded the convention. Supported by Hanriot they demanded tougher measures against rising prices and the setting up of a system of terror to root out the counter-revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 September the power of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Public_Safety" title="Committee of Public Safety">Committee of Public Safety</a> was extended for one month; Robespierre supported Hanriot in the <a href="/wiki/Jacobin_club" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobin club">Jacobin club</a> as having led the insurrection on 2 June. On 19 September the Convention supported his appointment as General commanding the Parisian National Guard (at that time numbering 130,000 men).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanriot moved into an apartment on the third floor of the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris">Hôtel de Ville, Paris</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with busts of <a href="/wiki/Brutus" class="mw-redirect" title="Brutus">Brutus</a>, Marat and Rousseau displayed. He hired seats in <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_la_R%C3%A9publique" class="mw-redirect" title="Théâtre de la République">Théâtre de la République</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opera-Comique" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera-Comique">Opera-Comique</a>. On 8 December he declared that he would not use arms against the people; instead he would use reason.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_the_Reign_of_Terror">End of the Reign of Terror</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: End of the Reign of Terror"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_nuit_du_9_au_10_thermidor_an_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/La_nuit_du_9_au_10_thermidor_an_II.jpg/220px-La_nuit_du_9_au_10_thermidor_an_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/La_nuit_du_9_au_10_thermidor_an_II.jpg/330px-La_nuit_du_9_au_10_thermidor_an_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/La_nuit_du_9_au_10_thermidor_an_II.jpg/440px-La_nuit_du_9_au_10_thermidor_an_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption>Saint-Just and Robespierre at the Hôtel de Ville on the night of 9 to 10 Thermidor Year II. Painting by Jean-Joseph Weerts</figcaption></figure> <p>During the spring of 1794, there were increasing tensions between Robespierre and the Committees on the one hand, and the Paris Commune and the <i>sans-culottes</i> on the other. On 6 March Hanriot appeared in front of the Convention with 1,200 men. This culminated in the arrest of <a href="/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert" title="Jacques Hébert">Hebert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Momoro" title="Antoine-François Momoro">Momoro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Nicolas_Vincent" title="François-Nicolas Vincent">Vincent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles-Philippe_Ronsin" title="Charles-Philippe Ronsin">Ronsin</a> and their associates on 13 March. Hanriot, a <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9bertists" title="Hébertists">Hébertist</a>, was protected by Robespierre.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 March the sans-culotte Revolutionary Army was disbanded and its artillery units brought under Hanriot's control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScurr2006279_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScurr2006279-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he was broadly supportive of the radical ideas of Hébert and his associates, Hanriot remained loyal to Robespierre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1988460_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1988460-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 April 1794 – the first day of the interrogation of Danton – he was informed not to arrest the president and the public prosecutor of <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Tribunal" title="Revolutionary Tribunal">Revolutionary Tribunal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hanriot opposed <a href="/wiki/Lazare_Carnot" title="Lazare Carnot">Lazare Carnot</a> who stripped Paris of its gunners. Hanriot managed to prevent the queues in front of the butchers and bakeries from turning into a riot. On 5 June François Hanriot ordered the detaining of every baker in Paris who either sold his bread to people without (distribution) cards or who came from other sections.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Robespierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Robespierre">27 July 1794</a> a group of Convention members organised the overthrow of Robespierre and his allies in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Thermidorean_Reaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermidorean Reaction">Thermidorean Reaction</a>. <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Lecointre" title="Laurent Lecointre">Laurent Lecointre</a> was the instigator of the coup,<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> assisted by <a href="/wiki/Bar%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Barère">Barère</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis-Marie_Stanislas_Fr%C3%A9ron" title="Louis-Marie Stanislas Fréron">Fréron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Barras" title="Paul Barras">Barras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tallien" class="mw-redirect" title="Tallien">Tallien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Alexis_Thuriot_de_la_Rosi%C3%A8re" title="Jacques-Alexis Thuriot de la Rosière">Thuriot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edme-Bonaventure_Courtois" title="Edme-Bonaventure Courtois">Courtois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanislas_Joseph_Fran%C3%A7ois_Xavier_Rov%C3%A8re" title="Stanislas Joseph François Xavier Rovère">Rovère</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Marie_Charles_Garnier" title="Antoine Marie Charles Garnier">Garnier de l’Aube</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armand-Joseph_Guffroy" title="Armand-Joseph Guffroy">Guffroy</a>. Each one of these prepared his individual role in the coup. They decided that Hanriot, his <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">aides-de-camp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Lavalette" title="Jean-Baptiste de Lavalette">Lavalette</a> and <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servain_Beaudoin_Boulanger" class="extiw" title="fr:Servain Beaudoin Boulanger">Boulanger</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the public prosecutor <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Fran%C3%A7ois_Dumas" title="René-François Dumas">Dumas</a>, the family <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Duplay" title="Maurice Duplay">Duplay</a> and the printer Charles-Léopold Nicolas had to be arrested first, so Robespierre would be without military or other effective support.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At around 3 p.m. Hanriot was ordered to appear in the Convention. Hanriot, or someone else, suggested that he would only show up if accompanied by a crowd. Dumas had already been arrested at noon and at 4p.m. taken to <a href="/wiki/Sainte-P%C3%A9lagie_Prison" title="Sainte-Pélagie Prison">Sainte-Pélagie Prison</a>; as well as members of the family Duplay.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) On horseback, Hanriot warned the sections that there would be an attempt to murder Robespierre and mobilized 2,400 National Guards in front of the town hall.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuret1996150_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuret1996150-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What had happened was not very clear to their officers; either the Convention was closed down or the Paris Commune. Nobody explained anything.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanson1876_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanson1876-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Paris Commune heard of the arrests it began mobilising forces to free Robespierre and his allies and to take control of the Convention. The mayor <a href="/wiki/Fleuriot-Lescot" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleuriot-Lescot">Fleuriot-Lescot</a> instructed the prisons of Paris to refuse admission to any prisoners sent to them by the Convention<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScurr2006320_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScurr2006320-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Hanriot took charge of military preparations for closing the Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1988573_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1988573-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Hanriot appeared at the <a href="/wiki/Place_du_Carrousel" title="Place du Carrousel">Place du Carrousel</a> in front of the Convention, he was taken prisoner by the oldest deputy present <a href="/wiki/Philippe_R%C3%BChl" title="Philippe Rühl">Philippe Rühl</a>. (He seems to have been taken prisoner earlier that day by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Antoine_Joseph_Robin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Antoine Joseph Robin (page does not exist)">Louis Antoine Joseph Robin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Antoine_Joseph_Robin" class="extiw" title="fr:Louis Antoine Joseph Robin">fr</a>]</span> near the <a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuret1996150_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuret1996150-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) To avoid communication with Hanriot the five deputies were given a meal and it was decided they had to leave the Tuileries.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Hazan" class="extiw" title="fr:Eric Hazan">Eric Hazan</a>: "Now came the turning-point of this journée: instead of taking advantage of its superiority, in both guns and men, to invade the nearby hall where the Convention was sitting, the column, lacking orders or leaders, returned to the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris">Maison-Commune</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Bar%C3%A8re" title="Bertrand Barère">Bertrand Barère</a> Hanriot fled to the town hall after being threatened by some deputies that he could be regarded as an outlaw.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Convention did not gather before nine.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Convention declared the five deputies (plus the supporting members) to be <a href="/wiki/Outlaw" title="Outlaw">outlaws</a>. On hearing this, the insurgents and their commander were seized with fright and fled helter-skelter to the Commune.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Paris' militants heard this news, order began to break down, they became divided. </p><p>In the evening Robespierre, Hanriot, and the other liberated prisoners had gathered at the Hotel de Ville which was now their headquarters. The Convention responded by declaring them outlaws to be taken dead or alive, and ordering troops of its own under Barras to suppress them. Henriot ordered his men to light the entire square with torches. Within an hour, the forces of the Commune quietly deserted the square. Around two in the morning, troops of the Convention under the command of Barras arrived. Robespierre and a number of others were arrested. Hanriot fell from a side window,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was found later in the day, unconscious, in a neighbouring courtyard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELegrand1989436_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELegrand1989436-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanriot was taken to the <a href="/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine">guillotine</a> in the same cart as Robespierre and his brother<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScurr2006324_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScurr2006324-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was executed just before Robespierre on 28 July 1794, only semi-conscious when led to the platform.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndress2006341–344_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndress2006341–344-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Charles-Andr%C3%A9_Merda" title="Charles-André Merda">Merda</a> Hanriot tried to escape by a concealed staircase to the third floor.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lodged in an apartment there.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most sources say that Hanriot was thrown out of a window by Coffinhal after being accused of the disaster.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (According to <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hamel" title="Ernest Hamel">Ernest Hamel</a> it is one of the many legends spread by Barère.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) At any rate, Hanriot landed in a small courtyard on a heap of glass.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanson1876_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanson1876-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had strength enough to crawl into a drain where he was found twelve hours later and taken to the <a href="/wiki/Conciergerie" title="Conciergerie">Conciergerie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanson1876_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanson1876-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the afternoon of 10 Thermidor (28 July, a <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Décadi">décadi</a>, a day of rest and festivity) the Revolutionary Tribunal condemned Robespierre and 21 "Robespierrists" (c.q. 13 members of the insurrectionary Commune) to death by the rules of the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_22_Prairial" title="Law of 22 Prairial">law of 22 Prairial</a>, only verifying their identity at the trial. In the late afternoon, the convicts were taken in three carts to the <a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Concorde" title="Place de la Concorde">Place de la Révolution</a> to be executed. </p><p>Hanriot owned 47 prints of different events during the revolution, a "magnifique" wooden <a href="/wiki/Secretary_desk" title="Secretary desk">secretary desk</a>, and the complete works by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>, published by Pierre-Alexandre DuPeyrou and <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Louis_de_Girardin" class="mw-redirect" title="René Louis de Girardin">René Louis de Girardin</a> (1780–1782).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is possible that his responsibility for the <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminary</a> Saint-Firmin massacre came from a confusion with a namesake, Humbert Henriot, a 32-year-old <a href="/wiki/Longshoreman" class="mw-redirect" title="Longshoreman">longshoreman</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">19 Girondins, ten members of the Commission of Twelve and two ministers, Lebrun and Clavière.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to some accounts he was pushed out of the window by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Coffinhal" title="Jean-Baptiste Coffinhal">Coffinhal</a>, who shouted at him 'You fool! Your cowardice has lost us!'<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nndb.com/people/021/000101715/">"François Hanriot"</a>. <i>NNDB</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NNDB&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndb.com%2Fpeople%2F021%2F000101715%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLenotreLees1909" class="citation book cs1">Lenotre, G; Lees, Frederic (1909). <i>Romances of the French Revolution</i>. Vol. 2. Heinemann. p. 270. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/867948426">867948426</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romances+of+the+French+Revolution&rft.pages=270&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1909&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F867948426&rft.aulast=Lenotre&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Lees%2C+Frederic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moreau, J. (2010) "François Hanriot, general-citizen", pp. 32–34. Nanterre: Société d'Histoire de Nanterre.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Hampson (1978) Danton, p. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndress2006396-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndress2006396_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndress2006">Andress 2006</a>, p. 396.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/histoiredesgiron02gran">Cassagnac, Adolphe Granier de (1860) Histoire Des Girondins Et Des Massacres de Septembre d'après Les Documents Officiels Et Inédits, p. 433</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchama1989714–722-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchama1989714–722_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchama1989">Schama 1989</a>, pp. 714–722.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephens1902" class="citation book cs1">Stephens, Henry Morse (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyoffrenchr01stepiala"><i>A history of the French revolution</i></a>. C. Scribner's sons. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyoffrenchr01stepiala/page/242">242</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+the+French+revolution&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=C.+Scribner%27s+sons&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=Henry+Morse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryoffrenchr01stepiala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELegrand1989341-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELegrand1989341_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELegrand1989341_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLegrand1989">Legrand 1989</a>, p. 341.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wLkNAAAAIAAJ&q=Robespierre+&pg=PA77">Mémoires de Louvet de Couvray, p. 88</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, J.M. (1959) The French Revolution. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, p. 353.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mathiez, Albert (1995) The French Revolution, p. 325. Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davidson, Ian. <i>The French Revolution</i>, p. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k237824q/f2.item.r=%22François%20Hanriot%22.zoom">Le Temps (Paris) 1904-03-29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel</i>, 5 juin 1793</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959354-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959354_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1959">Thompson 1959</a>, p. 354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Popkin66-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Popkin66_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopkin2016" class="citation book cs1">Popkin, Jeremy D. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d4qTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA66"><i>A Short History of the French Revolution</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 66–67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-50892-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-50892-4"><bdi>978-1-315-50892-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+French+Revolution&rft.pages=66-67&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-315-50892-4&rft.aulast=Popkin&rft.aufirst=Jeremy+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd4qTDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Républicain français, 14 septembre 1793, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moreau, J. (2010) François Hanriot, general-citizen, p. ?. Nanterre: Société d'Histoire de Nanterre.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gallica_12148-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gallica_12148_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_LaBédollière1848" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de LaBédollière, Emile (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6487209z"><i>Histoire de la Garde nationale: récit complet de tous les faits qui l'ont distinguée depuis son origine jusqu'en 1848</i></a> (in French). H. Dumineray et F. Pallier. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/944662819">944662819</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+Garde+nationale%3A+r%C3%A9cit+complet+de+tous+les+faits+qui+l%27ont+distingu%C3%A9e+depuis+son+origine+jusqu%27en+1848&rft.pub=H.+Dumineray+et+F.+Pallier&rft.date=1848&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F944662819&rft.aulast=de+LaB%C3%A9dolli%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Emile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k6487209z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael2014447-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael2014447_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsrael2014">Israel 2014</a>, p. 447.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davidson, Ian. <i>The French Revolution</i>, pp. 161–162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchama1989722-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchama1989722_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchama1989">Schama 1989</a>, p. 722.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlavin1986" class="citation book cs1">Slavin, Morris (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingofinsurrec0000slav"><i>The Making of an Insurrection</i></a></span>. Harvard University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingofinsurrec0000slav/page/99">99</a>-116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-54328-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-54328-7"><bdi>978-0-674-54328-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+an+Insurrection&rft.pages=99-116&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-674-54328-7&rft.aulast=Slavin&rft.aufirst=Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingofinsurrec0000slav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moreau, J. (2010) <i>François Hanriot, general-citizen</i>, pp. 32–34. Nanterre: Société d'Histoire de Nanterre.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaxton1988" class="citation book cs1">Paxton, John (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/companiontofrenc0000paxt/page/98"><i>Companion to the French Revolution</i></a>. Facts on File. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/companiontofrenc0000paxt/page/98">98</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-1116-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-1116-2"><bdi>978-0-8160-1116-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11262233">11262233</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Companion+to+the+French+Revolution&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11262233&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-1116-2&rft.aulast=Paxton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompaniontofrenc0000paxt%2Fpage%2F98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTackett2015" class="citation book cs1">Tackett, Timothy (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VGDFBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA439"><i>The Coming of the Terror in the French Revolution</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674736559" title="Special:BookSources/9780674736559"><bdi>9780674736559</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coming+of+the+Terror+in+the+French+Revolution&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780674736559&rft.aulast=Tackett&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVGDFBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gustave Hue (1907) "Deux géneraux de la République". In: <i>Les Contemporains</i>, 1 janvier 1907</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/publicprosecutor01duno">The public prosecutor of the terror, Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville, p. 250</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScurr2006279-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScurr2006279_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScurr2006">Scurr 2006</a>, p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1988460-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1988460_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1988">Thompson 1988</a>, p. 460.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UT7WpHqpYbEC&q=hanriot">The Jacobin Republic 1792–1794 By Marc Bouloiseau, p. 117</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le republicain francais</i>, 8 juin 1794; <i>Mercure universel</i>, 24 juin 1794</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/robespierre00unse">"Robespierre peint par lui-même"</a>. 1794.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robespierre+peint+par+lui-m%C3%AAme&rft.date=1794&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frobespierre00unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cobb, Richard, <i>The people's armies: the armées révolutionnaires: instrument of the Terror in the departments, April 1793 to Floréal Year II</i>, trans. Elliott, Marianne (New Haven, CT, and London, 1987), pp. 65–66. Google Scholar</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ratineau Fabienne. "Les livres de Robespierre au 9 thermidor". In: <i>Annales historiques de la Révolution française</i>, n°287, 1992. pp. 131–135. DOI : <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.3406/ahrf.1992.1479">https://doi.org/10.3406/ahrf.1992.1479</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.persee.fr/doc/ahrf_0003-4436_1992_num_287_1_1479">http://www.persee.fr/doc/ahrf_0003-4436_1992_num_287_1_1479</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hazan, E. (2014) A People's History of the French Revolution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuret1996150-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuret1996150_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuret1996150_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFuret1996">Furet 1996</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/projetdeprocesve00duva">"Projet de procès-verbal des séances de 9, 10 et 11 thermidor par Charles Duval, p. 34"</a>. 1794.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Projet+de+proc%C3%A8s-verbal+des+s%C3%A9ances+de+9%2C+10+et+11+thermidor+par+Charles+Duval%2C+p.+34&rft.date=1794&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprojetdeprocesve00duva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dupuy, Roger. <i>La Garde nationale</i> (Folio Histoire) (French Edition). Editions Gallimard. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanson1876-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanson1876_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanson1876_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanson1876_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanson1876" class="citation book cs1">Sanson, Henri (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/memoirsofsansons02sansuoft"><i>Memoirs of the Sansons: From Private Notes and Documents (1688–1847)</i></a>. London: Chatto and Windus. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/317736774">317736774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+the+Sansons%3A+From+Private+Notes+and+Documents+%281688%E2%80%931847%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Chatto+and+Windus&rft.date=1876&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F317736774&rft.aulast=Sanson&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmemoirsofsansons02sansuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScurr2006320-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScurr2006320_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScurr2006">Scurr 2006</a>, p. 320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1988573-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1988573_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1988">Thompson 1988</a>, p. 573.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThiers1838" class="citation book cs1">Thiers, Marie Joseph L. Adolphe (1838). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyfrenchre02thiegoog"><i>The history of the French revolution, tr. with notes by F. Shoberl</i></a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyfrenchre02thiegoog/page/n493">465</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+the+French+revolution%2C+tr.+with+notes+by+F.+Shoberl&rft.pages=465&rft.date=1838&rft.aulast=Thiers&rft.aufirst=Marie+Joseph+L.+Adolphe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryfrenchre02thiegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VES2yGHmEG0C&q=Henriot">Mémoires de B. Barère ... publiés par MM. Hippolyte Carnot ... et ..., Volume 2 By Bertrand BARÈRE DE VIEUZAC p. 226</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IfguAAAAYAAJ&dq=Fauconnier%2C1794+Thermidor&pg=PA151">Fouche & Robespierre, le 9 thermidor by Arnaud Louis Raoul Comte de Martel, pp. 238–239</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard T. Bienvenu (1968) The Ninth of Thermidor, pp. 215, 224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BzI2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA129">Histoire religieuse, monarchique, militaire et littéraire de la ..., Volume 2 by Étienne Léon baron de Lamothe-Langon</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELegrand1989436-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELegrand1989436_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLegrand1989">Legrand 1989</a>, p. 436.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScurr2006324-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScurr2006324_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScurr2006">Scurr 2006</a>, p. 324.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndress2006341–344-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndress2006341–344_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndress2006">Andress 2006</a>, pp. 341–344.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.A. Méda, p. 385</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k237824q/f2.item.r=%22François%20Hanriot%22.zoom">Le Temps (Paris) 1904-03-29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Hamel, p. 342</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:François Hanriot"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">François Hanriot</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndress2006" class="citation book cs1">Andress, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zDfxQDcQzJ0C"><i>The Terror: The Merciless War for Freedom in Revolutionary France</i></a>. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0374273415" title="Special:BookSources/978-0374273415"><bdi>978-0374273415</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Terror%3A+The+Merciless+War+for+Freedom+in+Revolutionary+France&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus%2C+and+Giroux&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0374273415&rft.aulast=Andress&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzDfxQDcQzJ0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuret1996" class="citation book cs1">Furet, François (1996). <i>The French Revolution: 1770–1814</i>. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-20299-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-20299-4"><bdi>0-631-20299-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+Revolution%3A+1770%E2%80%931814&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishers+Ltd&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-631-20299-4&rft.aulast=Furet&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsrael2014" class="citation book cs1">Israel, Jonathan (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xpIpAgAAQBAJ"><i>Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution from The Rights of Man to Robespierre</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-4999-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-4999-4"><bdi>978-1-4008-4999-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolutionary+Ideas%3A+An+Intellectual+History+of+the+French+Revolution+from+The+Rights+of+Man+to+Robespierre&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-4999-4&rft.aulast=Israel&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxpIpAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLegrand1989" class="citation book cs1">Legrand, Jacques (1989). <i>Chronicle of the French Revolution : 1788–1799</i>. Longman, Chronicle. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-05194-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-05194-0"><bdi>0-582-05194-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/231002598">231002598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+French+Revolution+%3A+1788%E2%80%931799&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Chronicle&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F231002598&rft.isbn=0-582-05194-0&rft.aulast=Legrand&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchama1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Schama" title="Simon Schama">Schama, Simon</a> (1989). <a href="/wiki/Citizens:_A_Chronicle_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution"><i>Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution</i></a>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-55948-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-55948-3"><bdi>978-0-394-55948-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizens%3A+A+Chronicle+of+the+French+Revolution&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-394-55948-3&rft.aulast=Schama&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScurr2006" class="citation book cs1">Scurr, Ruth (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CojtKDmS_ocC&q=Fatal+Purity+2006"><i>Fatal Purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution</i></a>. New York: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0805082616" title="Special:BookSources/978-0805082616"><bdi>978-0805082616</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fatal+Purity%3A+Robespierre+and+the+French+Revolution&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0805082616&rft.aulast=Scurr&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCojtKDmS_ocC%26q%3DFatal%2BPurity%2B2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1959" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, J. M. (1959). <i>The French Revolution</i>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+Revolution&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1988" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, J. M. (1988). <i>Robespierre</i>. New York: B. Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0631155041" title="Special:BookSources/978-0631155041"><bdi>978-0631155041</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robespierre&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=B.+Blackwell&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0631155041&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hanriot, François"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hanriot,_Fran%C3%A7ois">"Hanriot, François" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 927.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hanriot%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=927&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Hanriot" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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