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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>International Anti-Corruption Conference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Anti-Corruption_Conference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_key_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_key_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Other key products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_key_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizational_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizational_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organizational structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organizational_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organizational structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organizational_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chapters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chapters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Chapters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chapters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2013_attitude_to_Edward_Snowden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_attitude_to_Edward_Snowden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>2013 attitude to Edward Snowden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_attitude_to_Edward_Snowden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014_funding_from_Siemens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_funding_from_Siemens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>2014 funding from Siemens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_funding_from_Siemens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015_whistleblowing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015_whistleblowing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>2015 whistleblowing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015_whistleblowing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015_Croatia_chapter_disaccreditation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015_Croatia_chapter_disaccreditation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>2015 Croatia chapter disaccreditation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015_Croatia_chapter_disaccreditation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017_USA_chapter_disaccreditation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017_USA_chapter_disaccreditation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>2017 USA chapter disaccreditation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017_USA_chapter_disaccreditation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017–21_reports_of_bullying,_harassment_and_abuse_of_power_by_Board_members_and_senior_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017–21_reports_of_bullying,_harassment_and_abuse_of_power_by_Board_members_and_senior_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>2017–21 reports of bullying, harassment and abuse of power by Board members and senior management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017–21_reports_of_bullying,_harassment_and_abuse_of_power_by_Board_members_and_senior_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_activities_in_Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_activities_in_Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Political activities in Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_activities_in_Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Transparency International</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الشفافية الدولية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الشفافية الدولية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tresparencia_Internacional" title="Tresparencia Internacional – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tresparencia Internacional" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="ট্রান্সপারেন্সি ইন্টারন্যাশনাল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ট্রান্সপারেন্সি ইন্টারন্যাশনাল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Прозрачност без граници – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Прозрачност без граници" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpar%C3%A8ncia_Internacional" title="Transparència Internacional – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Transparència Internacional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Διεθνής Διαφάνεια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διεθνής Διαφάνεια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparencia_Internacional" title="Transparencia Internacional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Transparencia Internacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travideblo_Internacia" title="Travideblo Internacia – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Travideblo Internacia" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84" title="شفافیت بین‌الملل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شفافیت بین‌الملل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparencia_Internacional" title="Transparencia Internacional – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Transparencia Internacional" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%88%AC%EB%AA%85%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="국제 투명성 기구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국제 투명성 기구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D6%83%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%B7%D5%B6%D5%AC" title="Թրանսփարենսի ինթերնեշնլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թրանսփարենսի ինթերնեշնլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2" title="ट्रान्सपैरेंसी इंटरनेशनल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ट्रान्सपैरेंसी इंटरनेशनल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AD%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="საერთაშორისო გამჭვირვალობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საერთაშორისო გამჭვირვალობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BD" title="ട്രാൻസ്പരൻസി ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ട്രാൻസ്പരൻസി ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2" title="ट्रान्सपरन्सी इंटरनॅशनल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ट्रान्सपरन्सी इंटरनॅशनल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Ketelusan_Antarabangsa" title="Badan Ketelusan Antarabangsa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Badan Ketelusan Antarabangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7" title="အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ ပွင့်လင်းမြင်သာမှု အဖွဲ့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ ပွင့်လင်းမြင်သာမှု အဖွဲ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2" title="ट्रान्सपरेन्सी इन्टरनेसनल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ट्रान्सपरेन्सी इन्टरनेसनल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB" title="トランスペアレンシー・インターナショナル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トランスペアレンシー・インターナショナル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7" title="អង្គការតម្លាភាពអន្តរជាតិ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អង្គការតម្លាភាពអន្តរជាតិ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpar%C3%AAncia_Internacional" title="Transparência Internacional – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Transparência Internacional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84" title="ٽرانسپيرنسي انٽرنيشنل – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٽرانسپيرنسي انٽرنيشنل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Transparency International" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_%C5%9Eeffafl%C4%B1k_%C3%96rg%C3%BCt%C3%BC" title="Uluslararası Şeffaflık Örgütü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uluslararası Şeffaflık Örgütü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BB" title="Трансперенсі Інтернешнл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Трансперенсі Інтернешнл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="شفافیت بین الاقوامی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شفافیت بین الاقوامی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95_ch%E1%BB%A9c_Minh_b%E1%BA%A1ch_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Tổ chức Minh bạch Quốc tế – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổ chức Minh bạch Quốc tế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85" title="透明国际 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="透明国际" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q174240#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Transparency_International&params=52.5238_N_13.345_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°31′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°20′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.5238°N 13.3450°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.5238; 13.3450</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International_UK&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency International UK">Transparency International UK</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">International non-governmental organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the international umbrella organization. For its national member organizations, see <a href="/wiki/Transparency_International_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Transparency International (disambiguation)">Transparency International (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Transparency_International_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/Transparency_International_Logo.png/220px-Transparency_International_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/Transparency_International_Logo.png/330px-Transparency_International_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/Transparency_International_Logo.png/440px-Transparency_International_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="178" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">TI</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">9 February 1993<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">9 February 1993</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data">Laurence Cockcroft, Peter Conze, Peter Eigen, Fritz Heimann, Michael Hershman, Kamal Hossain, Jerry Parfitt, Jeremy Pope, Roy Stacy, Frank Vogl, Obiageli "Aby" Ezekwesili</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_non-governmental_organization" title="International non-governmental organization">International non-governmental organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Eingetragener_Verein" class="mw-redirect" title="Eingetragener Verein">Eingetragener Verein</a></i></span> (German registered voluntary association)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Combat <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crime_prevention" title="Crime prevention">crime prevention</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Alt-Moabit 96<br />10559 <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Transparency_International&params=52.5238_N_13.345_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°31′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°20′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.5238°N 13.3450°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.5238; 13.3450</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Global</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chief Executive Officer</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Daniel Eriksson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chair</div></th><td class="infobox-data">François Valérian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Vice-Chair</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Ketakandriana Rafitoson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transparency.org">www<wbr />.transparency<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174240#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Transparency International e.V.</b> (<b>TI</b>) is a German <a href="/wiki/Registered_association_(Germany)" title="Registered association (Germany)">registered association</a> founded in 1993 by former employees of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. Based in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, its <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit</a> and non-governmental purpose is to take action to combat global<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a> with civil societal <a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption" title="Anti-corruption">anti-corruption</a> measures and to <a href="/wiki/Crime_prevention" title="Crime prevention">prevent criminal activities</a> arising from corruption. Its most notable publications include the <a href="/wiki/Global_Corruption_Barometer" title="Global Corruption Barometer">Global Corruption Barometer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</a>. Transparency International serves as an <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_organization" title="Umbrella organization">umbrella organization</a>. From 1993 to today, its membership has grown from a few individuals to more than 100 national chapters, which engage in fighting perceived <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a> in their home countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Transparency_International_e.V_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transparency_International_e.V-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TI is a member of <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a> Think Tanks,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Consultative_Status" class="mw-redirect" title="Consultative Status">Consultative Status</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Global_Compact" title="United Nations Global Compact">United Nations Global Compact</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Solutions_Network" title="Sustainable Development Solutions Network">Sustainable Development Solutions Network</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and shares the goals of peace, justice, strong institutions and partnerships of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Group">United Nations Sustainable Development Group (UNSDG)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TI is a social partner of <a href="/wiki/Global_Alliance_in_Management_Education" title="Global Alliance in Management Education">Global Alliance in Management Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TI confirmed the dis-accreditation of the national chapter of <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a> in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Think_Tanks_and_Civil_Societies_Program" title="Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program">2016 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report</a>, Transparency International was number 9 of 100 in the <i>Top Think Tanks Worldwide (non-U.S.)</i> category and number 27 of 150 in the <i>Top Think Tanks Worldwide (U.S. and non-U.S.)</i> category.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Go_To_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Go_To-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Transparency International was founded on 9 February 1993 in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>; it was formally registered on 15 June 1993 in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. According to political scientist Ellen Gutterman, "TI's presence in Germany, and indeed its organizational development and rise from a small operation to a prominent international <a href="/wiki/Transnational_organization" title="Transnational organization">TNGO</a> [Transnational Non Governmental Organisation], benefited from the activities and personal connections of at least three key German individuals: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Eigen" title="Peter Eigen">Peter Eigen</a>, Hansjoerg Elshorst, and Michael Wiehen".<sup id="cite_ref-gutterman_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gutterman-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The founding members included:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Larmour_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larmour-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Eigen" title="Peter Eigen">Peter Eigen</a>, a former regional director for the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, is recognized as a founder.<sup id="cite_ref-gutterman_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gutterman-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Peter Conze, a former regional director of GTZ (then <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Internationale_Zusammenarbeit" title="Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit">Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit</a>)</li> <li>Laurence Cockcroft</li> <li>Fritz Heimann of <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Hershman" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael J. Hershman">Michael J. Hershman</a> of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">military intelligence</a> establishment (now President and CEO of the Fairfax Group).<sup id="cite_ref-fairfax_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fairfax-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Hossain" title="Kamal Hossain">Kamal Hossain</a>, former Minister of Foreign Affairs of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-transparency_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transparency-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gerald Parfitt, formerly of <a href="/wiki/Coopers_%26_Lybrand" class="mw-redirect" title="Coopers & Lybrand">Coopers & Lybrand</a> (then <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gdf_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gdf-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Pope_(activist)" title="Jeremy Pope (activist)">Jeremy Pope</a>, a New Zealand activist and writer.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Roy Stacy</li> <li>Frank Vogl, a senior official at the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and head of Vogl Communications, Inc., which has "provided advice to leaders of international finance".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 1995, Transparency International developed the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). The CPI ranked nations on the prevalence of corruption within each country, based upon surveys of business people. The CPI was subsequently published annually. It was initially criticized for poor methodology and unfair treatment of developing nations, while also being praised for highlighting corruption and embarrassing governments.<sup id="cite_ref-Chaikin_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaikin-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 1999 and ending in 2011, Transparency International published the <a href="/wiki/Bribe_Payers_Index" title="Bribe Payers Index">Bribe Payers Index</a> (BPI) which ranked nations according to the perceived likelihood that a country's <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Multinational corporations">multinational corporations</a> would offer bribes.<sup id="cite_ref-Chaikin_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaikin-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spokesperson Shubham Kaushik said the organization "decided to discontinue the survey due to funding issues and to focus on issues that are more in line with our advocacy goals".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Journal of Business Ethics states "Bribery in international business transactions can be seen as a function of not only the demand for such bribes in different countries, but the supply, or willingness to provide bribes by multinational firms and their representatives. This study addresses the propensity of firms from 30 different countries to engage in international bribery".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2005, Transparency International has published thirteen Exporting Corruption reports. Exporting Corruption is a research report that rates the bribery-related performance of leading global exporters, including countries that are signatories of <a href="/wiki/OECD_Anti-Bribery_Convention" title="OECD Anti-Bribery Convention">OECD Anti-Bribery Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-transparency.org_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transparency.org-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2015 <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia's</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Justice (Russia)">Ministry of Justice</a> added Transparency International to the so-called list of <a href="/wiki/Russian_foreign_agent_law" title="Russian foreign agent law">"foreign agent"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 6, 2023, Transparency International was declared an <a href="/wiki/Russian_undesirable_organizations_law" title="Russian undesirable organizations law">undesirable organization</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Areas_of_work_and_products">Areas of work and products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Areas of work and products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote><p>Transparency International is the global civil society organization leading the fight against corruption. It brings people together in a powerful worldwide coalition to end the devastating impact of corruption on men, women and children around the world. TI's mission is to create change towards a world free of corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The organization defines corruption as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain which eventually hurts everyone who depends on the integrity of people in a position of authority.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It develops tools for fighting corruption and works with other civil society organizations, companies and governments to implement them. Since 1995, Transparency International has issued an annual <a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</a> (CPI); it also publishes a <a href="/wiki/Global_Corruption_Report" title="Global Corruption Report">Global Corruption Report</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Global_Corruption_Barometer" title="Global Corruption Barometer">Global Corruption Barometer</a>, and a Bribe Payers Index. In 2010, Transparency International developed a five-year strategy with six strategic priorities organized by the following categories: People, Institutions, Laws, Values, Network, Impact.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, Transparency International (TI) developed a five-year strategy which sets out their collective ambition for the coming years. Together against Corruption: Transparency International Strategy 2020 is a strategy by and for the Transparency International movement. This strategy is based on more than 1500 external and internal contributions addressing both the corruption environment of today and the one TI anticipates in the years ahead.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corruption_Perceptions_Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Corruption Perceptions Index"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</a></div> <p>The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. It is a composite index – a combination of polls – drawing on corruption-related data collected by a variety of reputable institutions. The CPI reflects the views of observers from around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Corruption Perceptions Index has been criticised for measuring <i>perception</i> and not "reality". The creators of the index argue that "perceptions matter in their own right, since... firms and individuals take actions based on perceptions".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Anti-Corruption_Conference">International Anti-Corruption Conference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: International Anti-Corruption Conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Anti-Corruption_Conference_2024_-_plenary_session_in_Vilnius_LitExpo_convention_centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/International_Anti-Corruption_Conference_2024_-_plenary_session_in_Vilnius_LitExpo_convention_centre.jpg/220px-International_Anti-Corruption_Conference_2024_-_plenary_session_in_Vilnius_LitExpo_convention_centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/International_Anti-Corruption_Conference_2024_-_plenary_session_in_Vilnius_LitExpo_convention_centre.jpg/330px-International_Anti-Corruption_Conference_2024_-_plenary_session_in_Vilnius_LitExpo_convention_centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/International_Anti-Corruption_Conference_2024_-_plenary_session_in_Vilnius_LitExpo_convention_centre.jpg/440px-International_Anti-Corruption_Conference_2024_-_plenary_session_in_Vilnius_LitExpo_convention_centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>IACC 2024 plenary session in Vilnius</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_Anti-Corruption_Conference" title="International Anti-Corruption Conference">International Anti-Corruption Conference</a></div> <p>First held in 1983, the International Anti-Corruption Conference (IACC) is a series of international <a href="/wiki/Business_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Business conference">conferences</a> organised by the IACC Council, in association with local governments and organisations, with Transparency International as its secretariat.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conferences take place every two years in different countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_key_products">Other key products</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other key products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) is a survey that asks citizens about their direct personal experience of corruption in their daily lives.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Global Corruption Report picks a specific topic like corruption in climate change for example and provides in-depth research.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>National integrity system assessments are designed to provide comprehensive analysis on a given country's mechanisms to fight corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2013, Transparency International published the Government Defence Anti-corruption Index with which corruption in the defence sector of 82 countries was measured.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some governments have expressed criticism towards the methodology of the report. Mark Pyman, the founder of TI's Defence & Security program, defended the report in an interview and stressed the importance of transparency in the military sector. The plan is to publish the index every two years.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Exporting Corruption is a research report that rates the corruption performance of leading exporting countries, including signatories of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-transparency.org_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transparency.org-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizational_structure">Organizational structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organizational structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transparency_International_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Transparency_International_Berlin.jpg/220px-Transparency_International_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Transparency_International_Berlin.jpg/330px-Transparency_International_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Transparency_International_Berlin.jpg/440px-Transparency_International_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1306" data-file-height="1971" /></a><figcaption>Transparency International's headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to its 2012 Annual Report, Transparency International is funded by western governments (with almost €5 million from the UK government) and several multinational companies, including oil companies <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">Exxon Mobil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shell_plc" title="Shell plc">Shell</a>, hedge funds <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">KKR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jochen_Wermuth" title="Jochen Wermuth">Wermuth</a> Asset Management, <a href="/wiki/Deloitte" title="Deloitte">Deloitte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young" title="Ernst & Young">Ernst & Young</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exxon Mobil itself was ranked in 2008 as the least transparent of 42 major oil and gas firms.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As far as organizational structure is concerned, one important leadership structure is TI's advisory council, a group of individuals with extensive experience in Transparency International's work. Drawn from diverse geographical, cultural and professional backgrounds, council members are appointed by the TI board of directors to advise them and to support the work of the organization as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapters">Chapters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chapters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Transparency International consists of chapters – locally established, independent organizations – that address corruption in their respective countries. From small bribes to large-scale looting, corruption differs from country to country. As chapters are staffed with local experts they are ideally placed to determine the priorities and approaches best suited to tackling corruption in their countries. This work ranges from visiting rural communities to provide free legal support to advising their government on policy reform. Corruption does not stop at national borders. The chapters play a crucial role in shaping its collective work and realising its regional and global goals, such as Strategy 2015. Transparency International's multi-country research and advocacy initiatives are driven by the chapters. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_International_Canada" title="Transparency International Canada">Transparency International Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_Serbia" title="Transparency Serbia">Transparency Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_International_Slovakia" title="Transparency International Slovakia">Transparency International Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_International_Bangladesh" title="Transparency International Bangladesh">Transparency International Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_a_More_Just_Society" title="Association for a More Just Society">Association for a More Just Society</a>, TI Honduras</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_Watch_(South_Africa)" title="Corruption Watch (South Africa)">Corruption Watch (South Africa)</a>, TI South Africa</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>: "In its main surveys, Transparency International does not measure the weight of corruption in economic terms for each country. It develops a Corruption Perception Index (CPI) based on surveys conducted by private structures or other NGOs: the <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a>, backed by the British liberal weekly newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, the American neoconservative organization <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>, or large corporations. (...) The IPC ignores corruption cases that concern the business world. So, the collapse of <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_of_Lehman_Brothers" title="Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers">Lehman Brothers</a> (2008) or the manipulation of the money market reference rate (<a href="/wiki/Libor" title="Libor">Libor</a>) by major British banks revealed in 2011 did not affect the ratings of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> or <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>." The organization also receives funding from companies that are themselves convicted of corruption offences.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CPI's reliance on opinions of a relatively small group of experts and businesspeople, has been criticised by some. Alex Cobham, fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Global_Development" title="Center for Global Development">Center for Global Development</a>, states that it "embeds a powerful and misleading elite bias in popular perceptions of corruption". Others argue it is not plausible to ever measure the true scale and depth of a highly complex issue like corruption with a single number, and then rank countries accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013_attitude_to_Edward_Snowden">2013 attitude to Edward Snowden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2013 attitude to Edward Snowden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At its annual members' meeting in November 2013 in Berlin, Transparency International's national chapters from Germany and Ireland proposed a resolution calling for the "end of the prosecution of <a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Snowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward J. Snowden">Edward J. Snowden</a>... He should be recognized as a <a href="/wiki/Whistleblower" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistleblower">whistleblower</a> for his help to reveal the over-reaching and unlawful surveillance by secret services...He symbolizes the courage of numerous other whistleblowers around the world."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The final resolution that was passed by the plenary excluded any reference to Snowden, and excluded a call for "comprehensive protection on whistleblowers from all forms of retaliation". The original resolution was weakened following the intervention of the USA chapter.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five months earlier, in June 2013, representatives from Transparency International met Snowden at the Moscow airport, where he asked for political asylum in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014_funding_from_Siemens">2014 funding from Siemens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2014 funding from Siemens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2015 it was reported that Transparency International accepted $3 million from the German engineering multinational <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>, which in 2008 paid one of the largest corporate corruption fines<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in history – $1.6 billion – for bribing government officials in numerous countries. In 2014, Siemens made the donation to Transparency International after pleading guilty in 2008 to bribery charges relating to widespread corrupt practices in Greece, Norway, Iraq, Vietnam, Italy, Israel, Argentina, Venezuela, China and Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Transparency International applied for and received the funding from Siemens, even though TI's due diligence procedures<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prohibit the organization from accepting money from corporations that want to "<a href="/wiki/Greenwashing" title="Greenwashing">greenwash</a>" their reputations by making donations to TI. "If any corporate donor is accused of having been involved in corruption, the donor can expect no protection from TI," the procedures state. Transparency International received the funding from the <i>Siemens Integrity Initiative</i><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about a year after the <i>Initiative</i> hired former TI staffer Jana Mittermaier, raising questions of a "<a href="/wiki/Revolving_door_(politics)" title="Revolving door (politics)">revolving door</a>" that has benefited both the organization and the company. </p><p>Several of TI's national chapters also have accepted money from Siemens: $660,000 for TI USA, $600,000 for TI Italy, $450,000 for TI Bulgaria, and $230,000 for TI Mexico – each for a period of three years. "This really shows that Transparency International is not as pure as people think," a TI insider told Corporate Crime Reporter. Transparency International Managing Director at the time, <a href="/wiki/Cobus_de_Swardt" title="Cobus de Swardt">Cobus de Swardt</a>, said, "We did not file an application to Siemens, we applied to the Siemens Integrity Initiative. There's a difference. We have not applied to Siemens." However, according to Siemens, the money for these grants is "provided by Siemens".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015_whistleblowing">2015 whistleblowing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2015 whistleblowing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 2015 former TI staffer Anna Buzzoni went public regarding retaliation she and her colleagues faced after reporting to managers questionable financial dealings at TI's Water Integrity Network.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of Buzzoni's project responsibilities were suspended and she was transferred against her will. She left TI shortly before internal whistleblower guidelines were adopted in June 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015_Croatia_chapter_disaccreditation">2015 Croatia chapter disaccreditation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2015 Croatia chapter disaccreditation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to a "lack of confidence", TI's chapter in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> was disaccredited by the organization's board of directors in November 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The previous year, several leaders of the Croatia chapter challenged the legality of the chapter president's election. The president was accused of falsifying records, <a href="/wiki/Conflicts_of_interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflicts of interest">conflicts of interest</a>, and arbitrarily expelling 10 chapter members who opposed the hiring of staff against the organization's rules. The Croatian government eventually revoked the president's appointment.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017_USA_chapter_disaccreditation">2017 USA chapter disaccreditation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2017 USA chapter disaccreditation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2017, the TI Secretariat confirmed that its International Board of Directors decided on 10 January 2017 to strip its US affiliate – Transparency International USA – of its accreditation as the National Chapter in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stated basis for the dis-accreditation was the board's recognition of differences in philosophies, strategies, and priorities between the former chapter and the Transparency International Movement. Elsewhere, it was reported that TI-USA came to be seen in the United States as a corporate front group, funded by multinational corporations. TI-USA's funding was provided by <a href="/wiki/Bechtel" title="Bechtel">Bechtel Corporation</a>, Deloitte, Google, <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> ($50,000 or more), <a href="/wiki/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citigroup</a>, ExxonMobil, Fluor, <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a>, Marsh & McLennan, <a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a>, <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raytheon_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Raytheon Technologies">Raytheon</a>, Realogy, Tyco ($25,000–$49,999), and Freeport-McMoRan and <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a> (up to $24,999).<sup id="cite_ref-corporatecrimereporter.com_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corporatecrimereporter.com-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TI-USA previously awarded an annual corporate leadership award to one of its big corporate funders. In 2016, this award went to Bechtel. In April 2015 the Secretariat defended the decision by TI-USA to give <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> its Integrity Award in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since January 1, 2020, Transparency International has an office in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017–21_reports_of_bullying,_harassment_and_abuse_of_power_by_Board_members_and_senior_management"><span id="2017.E2.80.9321_reports_of_bullying.2C_harassment_and_abuse_of_power_by_Board_members_and_senior_management"></span>2017–21 reports of bullying, harassment and abuse of power by Board members and senior management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2017–21 reports of bullying, harassment and abuse of power by Board members and senior management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Cobus_de_Swardt" title="Cobus de Swardt">Cobus de Swardt</a> stood down as Transparency International's Managing Director, following a dispute with the organisation's board of directors. De Swardt agreed a settlement with a Transparency International in a Labour Court in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2019 accounts from seven current and former TI Secretariat staff were reported in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> alleging a "toxic" workplace culture at the organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-Doshi_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doshi-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Swardt's successor, <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Moreira" title="Patricia Moreira">Patricia Moreira</a>, left in 2020 after making similar accusations to those of De Swardt, accusing the Board of failing to protect whistleblowers, as well as corruption. </p><p>The German newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i> reported that Transparency International dismissed Moreira "without giving any reasons".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The article added that, "dozens of employees, including high-ranking ones, have left the organisation in recent years. Even long-standing and deeply committed employees complain that TI is involved in political intrigues in which some are only interested in their own progress. For a non-governmental organization whose goal is to fight corruption around the world, and which collects millions of dollars in funding from governments and companies every year, this is a disturbing finding."<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Investigations specialist Harriet Witchell has stated that the Transparency International board’s handling of the complaints process was beset by conflicts of interest and failed to address allegations of misconduct made against the board.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, de Swardt published a book accusing Transparency International of <a href="/wiki/Abuse_of_power" title="Abuse of power">abuse of power</a> and silencing whistleblowers.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Swardt also presented a video published on YouTube by his publisher, <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>, criticising corruption at Transparency International.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former head of technology Daniel Eriksson was appointed interim managing director in March 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became CEO a year later.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_activities_in_Brazil">Political activities in Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Political activities in Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Disputed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-disputed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/45px-System-search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/68px-System-search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/90px-System-search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's <b>factual accuracy is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Transparency_International#Disputed" title="Talk:Transparency International">talk page</a>. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliably sourced</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Transparency International's political impartiality, as well as its own transparency, have been called into question over hacked conversations of prosecutors in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Car_Wash" title="Operation Car Wash">Operation Car Wash</a>, leaked to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these, chief prosecutor <a href="/wiki/Deltan_Dallagnol" title="Deltan Dallagnol">Deltan Dallagnol</a> and head of TI Brazil, Bruno Brandão, discuss a "backstage campaign" to "disarm resistance on the left", fund selected candidates, and target others, seen as adversaries, using social media. Plans extended to preparing a series of false accusations ("denúncias sem materialidade") intended to damage the reputation of former president and potential candidate <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a>, and lead up to a chat in which participants celebrate the election of <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2022, Brazil's auditing court announced that it had opened an investigation against Transparency International over the illegal imprisonment of Lula da Silva.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Public_Prosecutor" class="mw-redirect" title="European Public Prosecutor">European Public Prosecutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_States_Against_Corruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of States Against Corruption">Group of States Against Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_commissioner" title="Information commissioner">Information commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anti-Corruption_Academy" title="International Anti-Corruption Academy">International Anti-Corruption Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_37001" title="ISO 37001">ISO 37001 Anti-bribery management systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_against_Corruption" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Convention against Corruption">United Nations Convention against Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information" title="Freedom of information">Freedom of information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_(market)" title="Transparency (market)">Transparency (market)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_(trade)" title="Transparency (trade)">Transparency (trade)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Perception of public sector corruption – Indicators and a Monitoring Framework"</a>. <i>indicators.report</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indicators.report&rft.atitle=94.+Perception+of+public+sector+corruption+%E2%80%93+Indicators+and+a+Monitoring+Framework&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findicators.report%2Findicators%2Fi-94%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/partnership/partners/?id=851">"Transparency International – United Nations Partnerships for SDGs platform"</a>. <i>sustainabledevelopment.un.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sustainabledevelopment.un.org&rft.atitle=Transparency+International+%E2%80%93+United+Nations+Partnerships+for+SDGs+platform&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsustainabledevelopment.un.org%2Fpartnership%2Fpartners%2F%3Fid%3D851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cems.org/corporate-social-partners/cems-social-partners">"CEMS Social Partners | CEMS"</a>. <i>www.cems.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cems.org&rft.atitle=CEMS+Social+Partners+%26%23124%3B+CEMS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cems.org%2Fcorporate-social-partners%2Fcems-social-partners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFe.V." class="citation web cs1">e.V., Transparency International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transparency.org/news/pressrelease/transparency_international_confirms_the_disaccreditation_of_its_chapter_in">"Transparency International confirms the disaccreditation of its chapter in the US"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transparency+International+confirms+the+disaccreditation+of+its+chapter+in+the+US&rft.aulast=e.V.&rft.aufirst=Transparency+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transparency.org%2Fnews%2Fpressrelease%2Ftransparency_international_confirms_the_disaccreditation_of_its_chapter_in&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Global_Go_To-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Global_Go_To_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_G._McGann_(Director)2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_McGann" title="James McGann">James G. McGann (Director)</a> (February 4, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=think_tanks">"2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+Global+Go+To+Think+Tank+Index+Report&rft.date=2015-02-04&rft.au=James+G.+McGann+%28Director%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.upenn.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1011%26context%3Dthink_tanks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span> Other "Top Think Tank" rankings include #7 (of 80) in Top Think Tanks in Western Europe, #13 (of 85) in Foreign Policy and International Affairs Think Tanks, #1 (of 40) in Transparency and Good Governance Think Tanks, #2 (of 75) for Best Advocacy Campaign, #42 (of 65) for Best Managed Think Tanks, #10 (of 60) for Best Use of Social Networks, #8 (of 60) of Think Tanks with the Best External Relations/Public Engagement Program, #4 (of 40) for Best Use of the Internet, #9 (of 40) for Best Use of Media, and #10 (of 70) for the Most Significant Impact on Public Policy, #8 (of 60) of Think Tanks with Outstanding Policy-Oriented Public Programs.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gutterman-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gutterman_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gutterman_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllen_Gutterman2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ellen Gutterman (June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2012/Gutterman2.pdf">"The Legitimacy of Transnational NGOs: Lessons from the Experience of Transparency International in Germany and France (PDF)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Paper Submitted to the 84th Annual Conference of the Canadian Political Science Association</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paper+Submitted+to+the+84th+Annual+Conference+of+the+Canadian+Political+Science+Association&rft.atitle=The+Legitimacy+of+Transnational+NGOs%3A+Lessons+from+the+Experience+of+Transparency+International+in+Germany+and+France+%28PDF%29&rft.date=2012-06&rft.au=Ellen+Gutterman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpsa-acsp.ca%2Fpapers-2012%2FGutterman2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502005154/http://www.iaaca.org/AntiCorruptionAuthorities/ByInternationalOrganizations/NonGovernmentalOrganization/201202/t20120220_807871.shtml">Transparency International（TI）</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup>, International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larmour-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Larmour_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarmour2006" class="citation book cs1">Larmour, Peter (September 2006). Bowden, Brett (ed.). <i>Global standards of market civilization</i>. Routledge. pp. 95–106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-37545-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-37545-2"><bdi>0-415-37545-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+standards+of+market+civilization&rft.pages=95-106&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006-09&rft.isbn=0-415-37545-2&rft.aulast=Larmour&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117013913/http://groups.colgate.edu/cews/people/bios_old/heimann.htm">"CEWS - Panelist Biographies - Butler"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://groups.colgate.edu/cews/people/bios_old/heimann.htm">the original</a> on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CEWS+-+Panelist+Biographies+-+Butler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.colgate.edu%2Fcews%2Fpeople%2Fbios_old%2Fheimann.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fairfax-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fairfax_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150814064313/http://fairfaxgroup.us/bio_hershman.php">"Senior Division Leaders: Michael J. Hershman"</a>. <i>Fairfax Group</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fairfaxgroup.us/bio_hershman.php">the original</a> on 2015-08-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fairfax+Group&rft.atitle=Senior+Division+Leaders%3A+Michael+J.+Hershman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairfaxgroup.us%2Fbio_hershman.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-transparency-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-transparency_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150102145920/http://www.transparency.org/whoweare/organisation/advisory_council/0/">"Advisory Council"</a>. <i>Transparency.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transparency.org/whoweare/organisation/advisory_council/0/">the original</a> on 2015-01-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transparency.org&rft.atitle=Advisory+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transparency.org%2Fwhoweare%2Forganisation%2Fadvisory_council%2F0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gdf-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gdf_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groupdf.com/en/o-kompanii-angl/korporativnoe-upravlenie-ang/the-audit-committee/dzherald-parfitt/">"Gerald Parfitt"</a>. <i>Group DF</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Group+DF&rft.atitle=Gerald+Parfitt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroupdf.com%2Fen%2Fo-kompanii-angl%2Fkorporativnoe-upravlenie-ang%2Fthe-audit-committee%2Fdzherald-parfitt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks2010" class="citation web cs1">Hicks, Bill (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pinkindustry.wordpress.com/transparency-international/">"Transparency International"</a>. Pinkindustry.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transparency+International&rft.pub=Pinkindustry.com&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpinkindustry.wordpress.com%2Ftransparency-international%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/frank-vogl/">"Frank Vogl - The Huffington Post"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Frank+Vogl+-+The+Huffington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Ffrank-vogl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chaikin-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chaikin_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chaikin_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaikin2009" class="citation book cs1">Chaikin, David (June 2009). <i>Corruption and money laundering: a symbiotic relationship</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transparency+and+The+Clinton+Foundation%3A+Regarding+recent+statements&rft.aulast=e.V.&rft.aufirst=Transparency+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transparency.org%2Fnews%2Fpressrelease%2Ftransparency_and_the_clinton_foundation_regarding_recent_statements&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://us.transparency.org/">"Home"</a>. <i>Transparency International</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transparency+International&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fus.transparency.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transparency.org/en/press/statement-on-allegations-by-mr-de-swardt">"Statement on allegations by Mr. de Swardt - Press"</a>. <i>Transparency.org</i>. 11 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transparency.org&rft.atitle=Statement+on+allegations+by+Mr.+de+Swardt+-+Press&rft.date=2018-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transparency.org%2Fen%2Fpress%2Fstatement-on-allegations-by-mr-de-swardt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doshi-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doshi_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoshi2019" class="citation news cs1">Doshi, Vidhi (2019-08-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/aug/21/transparency-international-staff-complain-of-bullying-harassment">"Transparency International staff complain of bullying and harassment"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Transparency+International+staff+complain+of+bullying+and+harassment&rft.date=2019-08-21&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Doshi&rft.aufirst=Vidhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2019%2Faug%2F21%2Ftransparency-international-staff-complain-of-bullying-harassment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurras2020" class="citation news cs1">Burras, Corrina (19 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/transparency-international-die-dunklen-seiten-der-korruptionsjagd-16803895-p3.html">"Die dunklen Seiten der Korruptionsjagd"</a>. <i>Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</i>. pp. 1–3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Die+dunklen+Seiten+der+Korruptionsjagd&rft.pages=1-3&rft.date=2020-06-19&rft.aulast=Burras&rft.aufirst=Corrina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Fwirtschaft%2Ftransparency-international-die-dunklen-seiten-der-korruptionsjagd-16803895-p3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/transparency-international-die-dunklen-seiten-der-korruptionsjagd-16803895.html">" Die dunklen Seiten der Korruptionsjard"</a>, by Corinna Budras, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 7 June 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitchell2021" class="citation web cs1">Witchell, Harriet (July 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia601500.us.archive.org/30/items/review-investigation-transparency-international-2019-20/Review%20Investigation%20Transparency%20International%202019-20.pdf">"Review Concerning Investigation of Bullying Allegations by Transparency International in 2019/20"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>MyKludo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MyKludo&rft.atitle=Review+Concerning+Investigation+of+Bullying+Allegations+by+Transparency+International+in+2019%2F20&rft.date=2021-07-29&rft.aulast=Witchell&rft.aufirst=Harriet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia601500.us.archive.org%2F30%2Fitems%2Freview-investigation-transparency-international-2019-20%2FReview%2520Investigation%2520Transparency%2520International%25202019-20.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Swardt2021" class="citation book cs1">de Swardt, Cobus (February 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-76540-8"><i>Silencing a Whistleblower</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-76540-8">10.1007/978-3-030-76540-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-76539-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-76539-2"><bdi>978-3-030-76539-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Silencing+a+Whistleblower&rft.date=2021-02-19&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-76540-8&rft.isbn=978-3-030-76539-2&rft.aulast=de+Swardt&rft.aufirst=Cobus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbook%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-76540-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1je9wYQU0X4">"Silencing a Whistleblower | Authors @ Fbm21"</a>. 4 October 2021 – via www.youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Silencing+a+Whistleblower+%26%23124%3B+Authors+%40+Fbm21&rft.date=2021-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D1je9wYQU0X4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transparency.org/en/the-organisation/management">"Management"</a>. <i>Transparency International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transparency+International&rft.atitle=Management&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transparency.org%2Fen%2Fthe-organisation%2Fmanagement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transparency.org/en/press/daniel-eriksson-appointed-transparency-international-secretariat-chief-executive-officer">"Daniel Eriksson appointed as Transpareny International Secretariat's chief executive officer (31 March 2021)"</a>. <i>Transparency International</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brasil+Wire&rft.atitle=Transparency+International%3A+Brazil+Court+Opens+Investigation+Of+Anti-Corruption+NGO&rft.date=2022-04-14&rft.aulast=Mier&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brasilwire.com%2Fbrazils-auditing-court-opens-investigation-against-transparency-international%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransparency+International" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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title="Police corruption">Police corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">Political corruption</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measures of corruption</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_corruption" title="Economics of corruption">Economics of corruption</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms or aspects<br />of corruption</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baksheesh" title="Baksheesh">Baksheesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_market" title="Black market">Black market</a> / <a href="/wiki/Grey_market" title="Grey market">Grey market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">Bribery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collusion" title="Collusion">Collusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_bribery" title="Commercial bribery">Commercial bribery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_interest" title="Conflict of interest">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li>Corporation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dummy_corporation" title="Dummy corporation">Dummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_corporation" title="Shell corporation">Shell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scam" title="Scam">Confidence trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embezzlement" title="Embezzlement">Embezzlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extortion" title="Extortion">Extortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraud" title="Fraud">Fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graft_(politics)" title="Graft (politics)">Graft (politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honest_services_fraud" title="Honest services fraud">Honest services fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insider_trading" title="Insider trading">Insider trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickback_(bribery)" title="Kickback (bribery)">Kickback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_fixing" title="Match fixing">Match fixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">Money laundering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency_and_crime" title="Cryptocurrency and crime">Cryptocurrency and crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawala_and_crime" title="Hawala and crime">Hawala and crime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_cause_corruption" title="Noble cause corruption">Noble cause corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_courtesy" title="Professional courtesy">Professional courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandal" title="Scandal">Scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slush_fund" title="Slush fund">Slush fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">Tax evasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">Tax haven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_investment" title="Offshore investment">Offshore investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_financial_centre" title="Offshore financial centre">Offshore financial centre</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clientelism" title="Clientelism">Clientelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronelism" title="Coronelism">Coronelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crony_capitalism" title="Crony capitalism">Crony capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronyism" title="Cronyism">Cronyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite_capture" title="Elite capture">Elite capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failed_state" title="Failed state">Failed state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_soldiers" title="Ghost soldiers">Ghost soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleptocracy" title="Kleptocracy">Kleptocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_state" title="Mafia state">Mafia state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_scandal" title="Political scandal">Political scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_capture" title="Regulatory capture">Regulatory capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking">Rent-seeking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rent-setting" title="Rent-setting">Rent-setting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capture" title="State capture">State capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_crime" title="State crime">State crime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballot_stuffing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballot stuffing">Ballot stuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">Electoral fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_security" title="Election security">Election security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vote_pairing" title="Vote pairing">Vote pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vote_suppression" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote suppression">Vote suppression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions dealing<br /> with corruption</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_W._Baker" title="Raymond W. Baker">Global Financial Integrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Witness" title="Global Witness">Global Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_States_Against_Corruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of States Against Corruption">Group of States Against Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anti-Corruption_Academy" title="International Anti-Corruption Academy">International Anti-Corruption Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_Ibrahim_Foundation" title="Mo Ibrahim Foundation">Mo Ibrahim Foundation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Transparency International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_against_Corruption#UNCAC_Coalition_of_Civil_Society_Organisations" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Convention against Corruption">UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oficina_Anticorrupci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Oficina Anticorrupción">Oficina Anticorrupción</a> (Argentina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Criminal_Intelligence_Commission" title="Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission">Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Corruption_Commission_(Bangladesh)" title="Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)">Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)</a> (Bangladesh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_and_Economic_Malpractice_Observatory" title="Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory">Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory</a> (Burundi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Anti-Corruption_Observatory" title="National Anti-Corruption Observatory">National Anti-Corruption Observatory</a> (Cameroon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">National Supervisory Commission</a> (China) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(Hong_Kong)" title="Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)">Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_Against_Corruption_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission Against Corruption (Macau)">Commission Against Corruption (Macau)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USKOK" class="mw-redirect" title="USKOK">USKOK</a> (Croatia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Anti-Fraud_Office" title="European Anti-Fraud Office">European Anti-Fraud Office</a> (European Union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji_Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption" title="Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption">Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Vigilance_Commission" title="Central Vigilance Commission">Central Vigilance Commission</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_Eradication_Commission" title="Corruption Eradication Commission">KPK</a> (Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Anti-Corruption_Authority_(Italy)" title="National Anti-Corruption Authority (Italy)">National Anti-Corruption Authority</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_Prevention_and_Combating_Bureau" title="Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau">Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau</a> (Latvia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governance_and_Economic_Management_Assistance_Program" title="Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program">Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program</a> (Liberia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Investigation_Service" title="Special Investigation Service">Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIANCO" title="BIANCO">BIANCO</a> (Madagascar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Anti-Corruption_Commission" title="Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission">Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Corruption_Commission_of_Myanmar" title="Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar">Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar</a> (Myanmar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Corrupt_Practices_Commission" title="Independent Corrupt Practices Commission">Independent Corrupt Practices Commission</a> (Nigeria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Accountability_Bureau" title="National Accountability Bureau">National Accountability Bureau</a> (Pakistan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigation_Task_Force_Sweep" title="Investigation Task Force Sweep">Investigation Task Force Sweep</a> (Papua New Guinea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Anticorruption_Bureau" title="Central Anticorruption Bureau">Central Anticorruption Bureau</a> (Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Corruption_General_Directorate" title="Anti-Corruption General Directorate">Anti-Corruption General Directorate</a> (Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Anticorruption_Directorate" title="National Anticorruption Directorate">National Anticorruption Directorate</a> (Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigative_Committee_of_Russia" title="Investigative Committee of Russia">Investigative Committee of Russia</a> (Russia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Anti-corruption_Commission" title="Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission">Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrupt_Practices_Investigation_Bureau" title="Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau">Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau</a> (Singapore)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_the_Prevention_of_Corruption_of_the_Republic_of_Slovenia" title="Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia">Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Corruption_and_Civil_Rights_Commission" title="Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission">Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission</a> (South Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Surveillance_Service" title="Customs Surveillance Service">Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Anti-Corruption_Bureau_of_Ukraine" title="National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine">National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine</a> (Ukraine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warioba_Commission" title="Warioba Commission">Warioba Commission</a> (Tanzania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Steering_Committee_on_Anti-corruption" title="Central Steering Committee on Anti-corruption">Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption</a> (Vietnam)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption" title="Anti-corruption">Anti-corruption</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws and<br />enforcement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_Charter_and_Grievance_Redressal_Bill_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011">Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011</a> (pending)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act" title="Foreign Corrupt Practices Act">Foreign Corrupt Practices Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Extortion_Prevention_Act" title="Foreign Extortion Prevention Act">Foreign Extortion Prevention Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information_laws_by_country" title="Freedom of information laws by country">Freedom of information laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lokpal_and_Lokayuktas_Act,_2013" title="The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013">The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bribery_Act_2010" title="Bribery Act 2010">UK Bribery Act of 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistleblower#Legal_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistleblower">Whistleblower protection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International<br />instruments<br />and efforts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Convention_Against_Corruption" title="Inter-American Convention Against Corruption">Inter-American Convention Against Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_asset_recovery" title="International asset recovery">International asset recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Anti-Corruption_Authorities" title="International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities">International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OECD_Anti-Bribery_Convention" title="OECD Anti-Bribery Convention">OECD Anti-Bribery Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_against_Corruption" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Convention against Corruption">United Nations Convention against Corruption</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protest<br />movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Azerbaijani_protests" title="2011 Azerbaijani protests">2011 Azerbaijani protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement" title="2011 Indian anti-corruption movement">2011 Indian anti-corruption movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_anti-corruption_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Indian anti-corruption movement">2012 Indian anti-corruption movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement_in_Spain" title="Anti-austerity movement in Spain">Anti-austerity movement in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Peace_with_Justice_and_Dignity" title="Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity">Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_anti-corruption_campaign" title="Russian anti-corruption campaign">Russian anti-corruption campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo_Soy_132" title="Yo Soy 132">Yo Soy 132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932019_Romanian_protests" title="2017–2019 Romanian protests">2017–2019 Romanian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_Russian_protests" title="2017–2018 Russian protests">2017–2018 Russian protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174240#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174240#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174240#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108603971">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122103073">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2162013-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no97010645">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13512570p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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