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</div> <div class="control"> <button class="button is-small is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.06179">arXiv:2109.06179</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.06179">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2109.06179">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Image and Video Processing">eess.IV</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics">cond-mat.mes-hall</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability">physics.data-an</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Unsupervised learning approaches to characterize heterogeneous samples using X-ray single particle imaging </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhuang%2C+Y">Yulong Zhuang</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Awel%2C+S">Salah Awel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">Anton Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bean%2C+R">Richard Bean</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bielecki%2C+J">Johan Bielecki</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bergemann%2C+M">Martin Bergemann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Daurer%2C+B+J">Benedikt J. Daurer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ekeberg%2C+T">Tomas Ekeberg</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Estillore%2C+A+D">Armando D. Estillore</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fangohr%2C+H">Hans Fangohr</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giewekemeyer%2C+K">Klaus Giewekemeyer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hunter%2C+M+S">Mark S. Hunter</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Karnevskiy%2C+M">Mikhail Karnevskiy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kirian%2C+R+A">Richard A. Kirian</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kirkwood%2C+H">Henry Kirkwood</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kim%2C+Y">Yoonhee Kim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Koliyadu%2C+J">Jayanath Koliyadu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lange%2C+H">Holger Lange</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Letrun%2C+R">Romain Letrun</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=L%C3%BCbke%2C+J">Jannik L眉bke</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mall%2C+A">Abhishek Mall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Michelat%2C+T">Thomas Michelat</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morgan%2C+A+J">Andrew J. Morgan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Roth%2C+N">Nils Roth</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samanta%2C+A+K">Amit K. Samanta</a> , et al. (17 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2109.06179v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> One of the outstanding analytical problems in X-ray single particle imaging (SPI) is the classification of structural heterogeneity, which is especially difficult given the low signal-to-noise ratios of individual patterns and that even identical objects can yield patterns that vary greatly when orientation is taken into consideration. We propose two methods which explicitly account for this orien… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2109.06179v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2109.06179v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2109.06179v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> One of the outstanding analytical problems in X-ray single particle imaging (SPI) is the classification of structural heterogeneity, which is especially difficult given the low signal-to-noise ratios of individual patterns and that even identical objects can yield patterns that vary greatly when orientation is taken into consideration. We propose two methods which explicitly account for this orientation-induced variation and can robustly determine the structural landscape of a sample ensemble. The first, termed common-line principal component analysis (PCA) provides a rough classification which is essentially parameter-free and can be run automatically on any SPI dataset. The second method, utilizing variation auto-encoders (VAEs) can generate 3D structures of the objects at any point in the structural landscape. We implement both these methods in combination with the noise-tolerant expand-maximize-compress (EMC) algorithm and demonstrate its utility by applying it to an experimental dataset from gold nanoparticles with only a few thousand photons per pattern and recover both discrete structural classes as well as continuous deformations. These developments diverge from previous approaches of extracting reproducible subsets of patterns from a dataset and open up the possibility to move beyond studying homogeneous sample sets and study open questions on topics such as nanocrystal growth and dynamics as well as phase transitions which have not been externally triggered. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2109.06179v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2109.06179v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 13 September, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2021. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">29 pages, 9 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.11709">arXiv:2101.11709</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.11709">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2101.11709">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition">cs.CV</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113234">10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113234 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> A new solution to the curved Ewald sphere problem for 3D image reconstruction in electron microscopy </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chen%2C+J+P+J">J. P. J. Chen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schmidt%2C+K+E">K. E. Schmidt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kirian%2C+R+A">R. A. Kirian</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2101.11709v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We develop an algorithm capable of imaging a three-dimensional object given a collection of two-dimensional images of that object that are significantly influenced by the curvature of the Ewald sphere. These two-dimensional images cannot be approximated as projections of the object. Such an algorithm is useful in cryo-electron microscopy where larger samples, higher resolution, or lower energy ele… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2101.11709v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2101.11709v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2101.11709v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We develop an algorithm capable of imaging a three-dimensional object given a collection of two-dimensional images of that object that are significantly influenced by the curvature of the Ewald sphere. These two-dimensional images cannot be approximated as projections of the object. Such an algorithm is useful in cryo-electron microscopy where larger samples, higher resolution, or lower energy electron beams are desired, all of which contribute to the significance of Ewald curvature. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2101.11709v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2101.11709v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 7 February, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 4 January, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2021. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.13597">arXiv:2007.13597</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.13597">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2007.13597">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Applied Physics">physics.app-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Image and Video Processing">eess.IV</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> 3D diffractive imaging of nanoparticle ensembles using an X-ray laser </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ayyer%2C+K">Kartik Ayyer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Xavier%2C+P+L">P. Lourdu Xavier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bielecki%2C+J">Johan Bielecki</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shen%2C+Z">Zhou Shen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Daurer%2C+B+J">Benedikt J. Daurer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samanta%2C+A+K">Amit K. Samanta</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Awel%2C+S">Salah Awel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bean%2C+R">Richard Bean</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">Anton Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ekeberg%2C+T">Tomas Ekeberg</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Estillore%2C+A+D">Armando D. Estillore</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giewekemeyer%2C+K">Klaus Giewekemeyer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hunter%2C+M+S">Mark S. Hunter</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kirian%2C+R+A">Richard A. Kirian</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kirkwood%2C+H">Henry Kirkwood</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kim%2C+Y">Yoonhee Kim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Koliyadu%2C+J">Jayanath Koliyadu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lange%2C+H">Holger Lange</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Letruin%2C+R">Romain Letruin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=L%C3%BCbke%2C+J">Jannik L眉bke</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morgan%2C+A+J">Andrew J. Morgan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Roth%2C+N">Nils Roth</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sato%2C+T">Tokushi Sato</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sikorski%2C+M">Marcin Sikorski</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schulz%2C+F">Florian Schulz</a> , et al. (12 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2007.13597v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We report the 3D structure determination of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by X-ray single particle imaging (SPI). Around 10 million diffraction patterns from gold nanoparticles were measured in less than 100 hours of beam time, more than 100 times the amount of data in any single prior SPI experiment, using the new capabilities of the European X-ray free electron laser which allow measurements of 150… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2007.13597v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2007.13597v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2007.13597v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We report the 3D structure determination of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by X-ray single particle imaging (SPI). Around 10 million diffraction patterns from gold nanoparticles were measured in less than 100 hours of beam time, more than 100 times the amount of data in any single prior SPI experiment, using the new capabilities of the European X-ray free electron laser which allow measurements of 1500 frames per second. A classification and structural sorting method was developed to disentangle the heterogeneity of the particles and to obtain a resolution of better than 3 nm. With these new experimental and analytical developments, we have entered a new era for the SPI method and the path towards close-to-atomic resolution imaging of biomolecules is apparent. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2007.13597v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2007.13597v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 17 July, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2020. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">25 pages, 5 main figures, 6 supplementary figures, 2 supplementary movies (link in document)</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.10796">arXiv:1912.10796</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.10796">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Biological Physics">physics.bio-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-020-0362-y">10.1038/s42005-020-0362-y <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Megahertz single-particle imaging at the European XFEL </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sobolev%2C+E">Egor Sobolev</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zolotarev%2C+S">Serguey Zolotarev</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giewekemeyer%2C+K">Klaus Giewekemeyer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bielecki%2C+J">Johan Bielecki</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Okamoto%2C+K">Kenta Okamoto</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reddy%2C+H+K+N">Hemanth K. N. Reddy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andreasson%2C+J">Jakob Andreasson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ayyer%2C+K">Kartik Ayyer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barak%2C+I">Imrich Barak</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bari%2C+S">Sadia Bari</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">Anton Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bean%2C+R">Richard Bean</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bobkov%2C+S">Sergey Bobkov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">Henry N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chojnowski%2C+G">Grzegorz Chojnowski</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Daurer%2C+B+J">Benedikt J. Daurer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=D%C3%B6rner%2C+K">Katerina D枚rner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ekeberg%2C+T">Tomas Ekeberg</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fl%C3%BCckiger%2C+L">Leonie Fl眉ckiger</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Galzitskaya%2C+O">Oxana Galzitskaya</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gelisio%2C+L">Luca Gelisio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hauf%2C+S">Steffen Hauf</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hogue%2C+B+G">Brenda G. Hogue</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Horke%2C+D+A">Daniel A. Horke</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hosseinizadeh%2C+A">Ahmad Hosseinizadeh</a> , et al. (38 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1912.10796v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The emergence of high repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) powered by superconducting accelerator technology enables the measurement of significantly more experimental data per day than was previously possible. The European XFEL will soon provide 27,000 pulses per second, more than two orders of magnitude more than any other XFEL. The increased pulse rate is a key enabling factor for… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1912.10796v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1912.10796v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1912.10796v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The emergence of high repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) powered by superconducting accelerator technology enables the measurement of significantly more experimental data per day than was previously possible. The European XFEL will soon provide 27,000 pulses per second, more than two orders of magnitude more than any other XFEL. The increased pulse rate is a key enabling factor for single-particle X-ray diffractive imaging, which relies on averaging the weak diffraction signal from single biological particles. Taking full advantage of this new capability requires that all experimental steps, from sample preparation and delivery to the acquisition of diffraction patterns, are compatible with the increased pulse repetition rate. Here, we show that single-particle imaging can be performed using X-ray pulses at megahertz repetition rates. The obtained results pave the way towards exploiting high repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers for single-particle imaging at their full repetition rate. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1912.10796v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1912.10796v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 14 December, 2019; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2019. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Commun. Phys. 3, 97 (2020) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.01525">arXiv:1906.01525</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.01525">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1906.01525">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Accelerator Physics">physics.acc-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Nanopatterned electron beams for temporal coherence and deterministic phase control of x-ray free-electron lasers </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Graves%2C+W+S">W. S. Graves</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chang%2C+S+L+Y">S. L. Y. Chang</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dwyer%2C+D">D. Dwyer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fromme%2C+P">P. Fromme</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Holl%2C+M">M. Holl</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Levin%2C+B+D+A">B. D. A. Levin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Malin%2C+L+E">L. E. Malin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Vincent%2C+J+L">J. L. Vincent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nanni%2C+E+A">E. A. Nanni</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li%2C+R+K">R. K. Li</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shen%2C+X">X. Shen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weathersby%2C+S">S. Weathersby</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sandhu%2C+A">A. Sandhu</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1906.01525v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We demonstrate the ability to create electron beams with high-contrast, nanometer-scale density modulations as a first step toward developing full control of the phase fronts of an x-ray free-electron laser. The nanopatterned electron beams are produced by diffracting electrons through thin single-crystal silicon membranes that are lithographically patterned to different thicknesses. For transform… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1906.01525v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1906.01525v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1906.01525v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We demonstrate the ability to create electron beams with high-contrast, nanometer-scale density modulations as a first step toward developing full control of the phase fronts of an x-ray free-electron laser. The nanopatterned electron beams are produced by diffracting electrons through thin single-crystal silicon membranes that are lithographically patterned to different thicknesses. For transform-limited x-ray production the desired pattern is a series of regularly spaced lines (i.e. a grating) that generate uniformly spaced nanobunches of electrons, however nearly any pattern can be etched in the silicon, such as frequency-chirps or multiple patterns of different colors or line spacings. When these patterns are transferred from the spatial to the temporal dimension by accelerator electromagnetic optics they will control the phase fronts of coherent x-rays, giving unprecedented deterministic control over the phase of ultrashort x-ray pulses. In short, this method allows the time-structure for a fully coherent x-ray beam to be generated from a pattern written on a semiconductor wafer by lithography. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1906.01525v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1906.01525v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 4 June, 2019; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2019. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, 5 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07390">arXiv:1905.07390</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.07390">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1905.07390">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Accelerator Physics">physics.acc-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Theoretical and experimental electron diffraction intensity maps for single crystal silicon from an ultrafast source </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Malin%2C+L+E">L. E. Malin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Graves%2C+W+S">W. S. Graves</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Holl%2C+M">M. Holl</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nanni%2C+E+A">E. A. Nanni</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li%2C+R+K">R. K. Li</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shen%2C+X">X. Shen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weathersby%2C+S">S. Weathersby</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1905.07390v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Electron diffraction through a thin patterned silicon membrane can be used to create complex spatial modulations in electron distributions by varying the intensity of different reflections using parameters such as crystallographic orientation and wafer thickness, then selecting specific spots in the diffraction plane using apertures. The patterned electron beams can be used to control phase and am… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1905.07390v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1905.07390v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1905.07390v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Electron diffraction through a thin patterned silicon membrane can be used to create complex spatial modulations in electron distributions by varying the intensity of different reflections using parameters such as crystallographic orientation and wafer thickness, then selecting specific spots in the diffraction plane using apertures. The patterned electron beams can be used to control phase and amplitude of subsequent x-ray emission, enabling novel coherent x-ray methods. The electrons themselves can also be used for femtosecond time resolved diffraction and microscopy. As a first step toward patterned beams, we demonstrate experimentally and through simulation the ability to accurately predict and control diffraction spot intensities. We simulate MeV transmission electron diffraction patterns using the multislice method for various crystallographic orientations of a single crystal Si(100) membrane near beam normal. The resulting intensity maps of the Bragg reflections are compared to experimental results obtained at the Accelerator Structure Test Area Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (ASTA UED) facility at SLAC. Furthermore, the fraction of inelastic and elastic scattering of the initial charge is estimated along with the absorption of the membrane to determine the contrast that would be seen in a patterned version of the Si(100) membrane. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1905.07390v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1905.07390v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 28 May, 2019; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 17 May, 2019; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2019. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">7 pages, 4 figures; Revised parts of the introduction to better explain the dynamical beam stop, results unchanged, corrected some typos; added to the acknowledgements, changed source cited</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1307.4577">arXiv:1307.4577</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1307.4577">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1307.4577">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.083002">10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.083002 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> X-ray diffraction from isolated and strongly aligned gas-phase molecules with a free-electron laser </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=K%C3%BCpper%2C+J">Jochen K眉pper</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Stern%2C+S">Stephan Stern</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Holmegaard%2C+L">Lotte Holmegaard</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Filsinger%2C+F">Frank Filsinger</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rouz%C3%A9e%2C+A">Arnaud Rouz茅e</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rudenko%2C+A">Artem Rudenko</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Johnsson%2C+P">Per Johnsson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Martin%2C+A+V">Andrew V. Martin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Adolph%2C+M">Marcus Adolph</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aquila%2C+A">Andrew Aquila</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">Sa拧a Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">Anton Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bostedt%2C+C">Christoph Bostedt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bozek%2C+J">John Bozek</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caleman%2C+C">Carl Caleman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Coffee%2C+R">Ryan Coffee</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Coppola%2C+N">Nicola Coppola</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Delmas%2C+T">Tjark Delmas</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Epp%2C+S">Sascha Epp</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Erk%2C+B">Benjamin Erk</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Foucar%2C+L">Lutz Foucar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gorkhover%2C+T">Tais Gorkhover</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gumprecht%2C+L">Lars Gumprecht</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hartmann%2C+A">Andreas Hartmann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hartmann%2C+R">Robert Hartmann</a> , et al. (30 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1307.4577v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We report experimental results on x-ray diffraction of quantum-state-selected and strongly aligned ensembles of the prototypical asymmetric rotor molecule 2,5-diiodobenzonitrile using the Linac Coherent Light Source. The experiments demonstrate first steps toward a new approach to diffractive imaging of distinct structures of individual, isolated gas-phase molecules. We confirm several key ingredi… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1307.4577v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1307.4577v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1307.4577v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We report experimental results on x-ray diffraction of quantum-state-selected and strongly aligned ensembles of the prototypical asymmetric rotor molecule 2,5-diiodobenzonitrile using the Linac Coherent Light Source. The experiments demonstrate first steps toward a new approach to diffractive imaging of distinct structures of individual, isolated gas-phase molecules. We confirm several key ingredients of single molecule diffraction experiments: the abilities to detect and count individual scattered x-ray photons in single shot diffraction data, to deliver state-selected, e. g., structural-isomer-selected, ensembles of molecules to the x-ray interaction volume, and to strongly align the scattering molecules. Our approach, using ultrashort x-ray pulses, is suitable to study ultrafast dynamics of isolated molecules. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1307.4577v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1307.4577v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 28 January, 2014; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 17 July, 2013; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2013. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">submitted to PRL</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 083002 (2014) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2104">arXiv:1105.2104</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1105.2104">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Biological Physics">physics.bio-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Fluid Dynamics">physics.flu-dyn</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> A pump-probe XFEL particle injector for hydrated samples </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weierstall%2C+U">U. Weierstall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Doak%2C+R+B">R. B. Doak</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1105.2104v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We have developed a liquid jet injector system that can be used for hydrated sample delivery at X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) sources and 3rd generation synchrotron sources. The injector is based on the Gas Dynamic Virtual Nozzle (GDVN), which generates a liquid jet with diameter ranging from 300 nm to 20 渭m without the clogging problems associated with conventional Rayleigh jets. An improved n… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1105.2104v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1105.2104v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1105.2104v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We have developed a liquid jet injector system that can be used for hydrated sample delivery at X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) sources and 3rd generation synchrotron sources. The injector is based on the Gas Dynamic Virtual Nozzle (GDVN), which generates a liquid jet with diameter ranging from 300 nm to 20 渭m without the clogging problems associated with conventional Rayleigh jets. An improved nozzle design is presented here. A differential pumping system protects the vacuum chamber and an in-vacuum microscope allows observation of the liquid jet for diagnostics while it is being exposed to the X-ray beam. A fiber optically coupled pump laser illuminating the jet is incorporated for pump-probe experiments. First results with this injector system have been obtained at the LCLS. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1105.2104v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1105.2104v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 11 May, 2011; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2011. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">16 pages, 15 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0803.4181">arXiv:0803.4181</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/0803.4181">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Biological Physics">physics.bio-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Fluid Dynamics">physics.flu-dyn</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/41/19/195505">10.1088/0022-3727/41/19/195505 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Gas Dynamic Virtual Nozzle for Generation of Microscopic Droplet Streams </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=DePonte%2C+D+P">D. P. DePonte</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weierstall%2C+U">U. Weierstall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Starodub%2C+D">D. Starodub</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schmidt%2C+K">K. Schmidt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Doak%2C+R+B">R. B. Doak</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0803.4181v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> As shown by Ganan-Calvo and co-workers, a free liquid jet can be compressed in iameter through gas-dynamic forces exerted by a co-flowing gas, obviating the need for a solid nozzle to form a microscopic liquid jet and thereby alleviating the clogging problems that plague conventional droplet sources of small diameter. We describe in this paper a novel form of droplet beam source based on this pr… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0803.4181v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('0803.4181v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0803.4181v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> As shown by Ganan-Calvo and co-workers, a free liquid jet can be compressed in iameter through gas-dynamic forces exerted by a co-flowing gas, obviating the need for a solid nozzle to form a microscopic liquid jet and thereby alleviating the clogging problems that plague conventional droplet sources of small diameter. We describe in this paper a novel form of droplet beam source based on this principle. The source is miniature, robust, dependable, easily fabricated, and eminently suitable for delivery of microscopic liquid droplets, including hydrated biological samples, into vacuum for analysis using vacuum instrumentation. Monodisperse, single file droplet streams are generated by triggering the device with a piezoelectric actuator. The device is essentially immune to clogging. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0803.4181v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('0803.4181v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 28 March, 2008; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2008. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0801.4969">arXiv:0801.4969</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/0801.4969">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/0801.4969">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2008.154">10.1038/nphoton.2008.154 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Ultrafast, ultrabright, X-ray holography using a uniformly-redundant array </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marchesini%2C+S">S. Marchesini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boutet%2C+S">S. Boutet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sakdinawat%2C+A+E">A. E. Sakdinawat</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bogan%2C+M+J">M. J. Bogan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">S. Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">A. Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Frank%2C+M">M. Frank</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hau-Riege%2C+S+P">S. P. Hau-Riege</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Szoke%2C+A">A. Szoke</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cui%2C+C">C. Cui</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Howells%2C+M+R">M. R. Howells</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shapiro%2C+D+A">D. A. Shapiro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shaevitz%2C+J+W">J. W. Shaevitz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lee%2C+J+Y">J. Y. Lee</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hajdu%2C+J">J. Hajdu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Seibert%2C+M+M">M. M. Seibert</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0801.4969v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Advances in the development of free-electron lasers offer the realistic prospect of high-resolution imaging to study the nanoworld on the time-scale of atomic motions. We identify X-ray Fourier Transform holography, (FTH) as a promising but, so far, inefficient scheme to do this. We show that a uniformly redundant array (URA) placed next to the sample, multiplies the efficiency of X-ray FTH by m… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0801.4969v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('0801.4969v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0801.4969v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Advances in the development of free-electron lasers offer the realistic prospect of high-resolution imaging to study the nanoworld on the time-scale of atomic motions. We identify X-ray Fourier Transform holography, (FTH) as a promising but, so far, inefficient scheme to do this. We show that a uniformly redundant array (URA) placed next to the sample, multiplies the efficiency of X-ray FTH by more than one thousand (approaching that of a perfect lens) and provides holographic images with both amplitude- and phase-contrast information. The experiments reported here demonstrate this concept by imaging a nano-fabricated object at a synchrotron source, and a bacterial cell at a soft X-ray free-electron-laser, where illumination by a single 15 fs pulse was successfully used in producing the holographic image. We expect with upcoming hard X-ray lasers to achieve considerably higher spatial resolution and to obtain ultrafast movies of excited states of matter. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0801.4969v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('0801.4969v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 8 February, 2008; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 31 January, 2008; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2008. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, 3 figures, revtex</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> UCRL-JRNL-234707 </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Nature Photonics 2, 560 - 563 (2008) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0708.4035">arXiv:0708.4035</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/0708.4035">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/0708.4035">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Materials Science">cond-mat.mtrl-sci</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.055501">10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.055501 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Three-dimensional coherent X-ray diffraction imaging of a ceramic nanofoam: determination of structural deformation mechanisms </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">A. Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marchesini%2C+S">S. Marchesini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cui%2C+C">C. Cui</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Howells%2C+M+R">M. R. Howells</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shapiro%2C+D+A">D. A. Shapiro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Minor%2C+A+M">A. M. Minor</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weierstall%2C+U">U. Weierstall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ilavsky%2C+J">J. Ilavsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Noy%2C+A">A. Noy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hau-Riege%2C+S+P">S. P. Hau-Riege</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Artyukhin%2C+A+B">A. B. Artyukhin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baumann%2C+T">T. Baumann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Willey%2C+T">T. Willey</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Stolken%2C+J">J. Stolken</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=van+Buuren%2C+T">T. van Buuren</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kinney%2C+J+H">J. H. Kinney</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0708.4035v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Ultra-low density polymers, metals, and ceramic nanofoams are valued for their high strength-to-weight ratio, high surface area and insulating properties ascribed to their structural geometry. We obtain the labrynthine internal structure of a tantalum oxide nanofoam by X-ray diffractive imaging. Finite element analysis from the structure reveals mechanical properties consistent with bulk samples… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0708.4035v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('0708.4035v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0708.4035v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Ultra-low density polymers, metals, and ceramic nanofoams are valued for their high strength-to-weight ratio, high surface area and insulating properties ascribed to their structural geometry. We obtain the labrynthine internal structure of a tantalum oxide nanofoam by X-ray diffractive imaging. Finite element analysis from the structure reveals mechanical properties consistent with bulk samples and with a diffusion limited cluster aggregation model, while excess mass on the nodes discounts the dangling fragments hypothesis of percolation theory. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0708.4035v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('0708.4035v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 25 June, 2008; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 30 August, 2007; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> August 2007. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">8 pages, 5 figures, 30 references</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> UCRL-JRNL-231416 </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 055501 (2008). </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0706.3427">arXiv:0706.3427</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/0706.3427">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Biological Physics">physics.bio-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Dose, exposure time, and resolution in Serial X-ray Crystallography </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Starodub%2C+D">D. Starodub</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rez%2C+P">P. Rez</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hembree%2C+G">G. Hembree</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Howells%2C+M">M. Howells</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shapiro%2C+D">D. Shapiro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fromme%2C+P">P. Fromme</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schmidt%2C+K">K. Schmidt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weierstall%2C+U">U. Weierstall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Doak%2C+R+B">R. B. Doak</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0706.3427v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The resolution of X-ray diffraction microscopy is limited by the maximum dose that can be delivered prior to sample damage. In the proposed Serial Crystallography method, the damage problem is addressed by distributing the total dose over many identical hydrated macromolecules running continuously in a single-file train across a continuous X-ray beam, and resolution is then limited only by the a… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0706.3427v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('0706.3427v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0706.3427v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The resolution of X-ray diffraction microscopy is limited by the maximum dose that can be delivered prior to sample damage. In the proposed Serial Crystallography method, the damage problem is addressed by distributing the total dose over many identical hydrated macromolecules running continuously in a single-file train across a continuous X-ray beam, and resolution is then limited only by the available molecular and X-ray fluxes and molecular alignment. Orientation of the diffracting molecules is achieved by laser alignment. We evaluate the incident X-ray fluence (energy/area) required to obtain a given resolution from (1) an analytical model, giving the count rate at the maximum scattering angle for a model protein, (2) explicit simulation of diffraction patterns for a GroEL-GroES protein complex, and (3) the frequency cut off of the transfer function following iterative solution of the phase problem, and reconstruction of an electron density map in the projection approximation. These calculations include counting shot noise and multiple starts of the phasing algorithm. The results indicate counting time and the number of proteins needed within the beam at any instant for a given resolution and X-ray flux. We confirm an inverse fourth power dependence of exposure time on resolution, with important implications for all coherent X-ray imaging. We find that multiple single-file protein beams will be needed for sub-nanometer resolution on current third generation synchrotrons, but not on fourth generation designs, where reconstruction of secondary protein structure at a resolution of 0.7 nm should be possible with short exposures. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0706.3427v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('0706.3427v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 June, 2007; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2007. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">19 pages, 7 figures, 1 table</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0701129">arXiv:physics/0701129</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0701129">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Biological Physics">physics.bio-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-007-0426-8">10.1007/s00348-007-0426-8 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Droplet beams for serial crystallography of proteins </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weierstall%2C+U">U. Weierstall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Doak%2C+R+B">R. B. Doak</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Starodub%2C+D">D. Starodub</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shapiro%2C+D">D. Shapiro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kennedy%2C+P">P. Kennedy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Warner%2C+J">J. Warner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hembree%2C+G+G">G. G. Hembree</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fromme%2C+P">P. Fromme</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H">H. Chapman</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0701129v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Serial diffraction of proteins requires an injection method to deliver protein molecules - preferably uncharged, fully hydrated, spatially oriented, and with high flux - into the crossed beams of an alignment laser and a focused probe beam of electrons or X-rays of typically only a few tens of microns diameter. The aim of this work has been to examine several potential droplet sources as to thei… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0701129v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0701129v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0701129v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Serial diffraction of proteins requires an injection method to deliver protein molecules - preferably uncharged, fully hydrated, spatially oriented, and with high flux - into the crossed beams of an alignment laser and a focused probe beam of electrons or X-rays of typically only a few tens of microns diameter. The aim of this work has been to examine several potential droplet sources as to their suitability for this task. We compare Rayleigh droplet sources, electrospray sources, nebulizers and aerojet-focused droplet sources using time-resolved optical images of the droplet beams. Shrinkage of droplets by evaporation as a means of removing most of the water surrounding the proteins is discussed. Experimental measurements of droplet size, conformation of proteins after passing through a Rayleigh jet, and triboelectric charging are presented and conclusions are drawn about the source configuration for serial diffraction. First experimental X-ray diffraction patterns from Rayleigh droplet beams doped with 100nm gold balls are shown. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0701129v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0701129v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 11 January, 2007; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2007. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">29 pages</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0510033">arXiv:physics/0510033</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0510033">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0510033">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0510033">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Phase Aberrations in Diffraction Microscopy </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marchesini%2C+S">S. Marchesini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">A. Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cui%2C+C">C. Cui</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Howells%2C+M+R">M. R. Howells</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weierstall%2C+U">U. Weierstall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Minor%2C+A+M">A. M. Minor</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0510033v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> In coherent X-ray diffraction microscopy the diffraction pattern generated by a sample illuminated with coherent x-rays is recorded, and a computer algorithm recovers the unmeasured phases to synthesize an image. By avoiding the use of a lens the resolution is limited, in principle, only by the largest scattering angles recorded. However, the imaging task is shifted from the experiment to the co… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0510033v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0510033v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0510033v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> In coherent X-ray diffraction microscopy the diffraction pattern generated by a sample illuminated with coherent x-rays is recorded, and a computer algorithm recovers the unmeasured phases to synthesize an image. By avoiding the use of a lens the resolution is limited, in principle, only by the largest scattering angles recorded. However, the imaging task is shifted from the experiment to the computer, and the algorithm's ability to recover meaningful images in the presence of noise and limited prior knowledge may produce aberrations in the reconstructed image. We analyze the low order aberrations produced by our phase retrieval algorithms. We present two methods to improve the accuracy and stability of reconstructions. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0510033v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0510033v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 6 October, 2005; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 4 October, 2005; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2005. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">4 pages, X-Ray Microscopy 2005, Himeji, Japan</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> UCRL-PROC-215873 </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> IPAP Conf. Series 7 pp.380-382, 2006 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0510032">arXiv:physics/0510032</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0510032">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0510032">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0510032">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Progress in Three-Dimensional Coherent X-Ray Diffraction Imaging </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marchesini%2C+S">S. Marchesini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">A. Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Noy%2C+A">A. Noy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hau-Riege%2C+S+P">S. P. Hau-Riege</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kinney%2C+J+M">J. M. Kinney</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cui%2C+C">C. Cui</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Howells%2C+M+R">M. R. Howells</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rosen%2C+R">R. Rosen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weierstall%2C+U">U. Weierstall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shapiro%2C+D">D. Shapiro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Beetz%2C+T">T. Beetz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jacobsen%2C+C">C. Jacobsen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lima%2C+E">E. Lima</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Minor%2C+A+M">A. M. Minor</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=He%2C+H">H. He</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0510032v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The Fourier inversion of phased coherent diffraction patterns offers images without the resolution and depth-of-focus limitations of lens-based tomographic systems. We report on our recent experimental images inverted using recent developments in phase retrieval algorithms, and summarize efforts that led to these accomplishments. These include ab-initio reconstruction of a two-dimensional test p… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0510032v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0510032v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0510032v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The Fourier inversion of phased coherent diffraction patterns offers images without the resolution and depth-of-focus limitations of lens-based tomographic systems. We report on our recent experimental images inverted using recent developments in phase retrieval algorithms, and summarize efforts that led to these accomplishments. These include ab-initio reconstruction of a two-dimensional test pattern, infinite depth of focus image of a thick object, and its high-resolution (~10 nm resolution) three-dimensional image. Developments on the structural imaging of low density aerogel samples are discussed. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0510032v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0510032v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 6 October, 2005; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 4 October, 2005; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2005. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, X-Ray Microscopy 2005, Himeji, Japan</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> UCRL-PROC-215874 </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> IPAP Conf. Series 7 pp.353-356, 2006 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0509066">arXiv:physics/0509066</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0509066">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0509066">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0509066">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.23.001179">10.1364/JOSAA.23.001179 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> High-resolution ab initio three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">A. Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marchesini%2C+S">S. Marchesini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Noy%2C+A">A. Noy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cui%2C+C">C. Cui</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Howells%2C+M+R">M. R. Howells</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rosen%2C+R">R. Rosen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=He%2C+H">H. He</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weierstall%2C+U">U. Weierstall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Beetz%2C+T">T. Beetz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jacobsen%2C+C">C. Jacobsen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shapiro%2C+D">D. Shapiro</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0509066v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Coherent X-ray diffraction microscopy is a method of imaging non-periodic isolated objects at resolutions only limited, in principle, by the largest scattering angles recorded. We demonstrate X-ray diffraction imaging with high resolution in all three dimensions, as determined by a quantitative analysis of the reconstructed volume images. These images are retrieved from the 3D diffraction data u… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0509066v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0509066v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0509066v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Coherent X-ray diffraction microscopy is a method of imaging non-periodic isolated objects at resolutions only limited, in principle, by the largest scattering angles recorded. We demonstrate X-ray diffraction imaging with high resolution in all three dimensions, as determined by a quantitative analysis of the reconstructed volume images. These images are retrieved from the 3D diffraction data using no a priori knowledge about the shape or composition of the object, which has never before been demonstrated on a non-periodic object. We also construct 2D images of thick objects with infinite depth of focus (without loss of transverse spatial resolution). These methods can be used to image biological and materials science samples at high resolution using X-ray undulator radiation, and establishes the techniques to be used in atomic-resolution ultrafast imaging at X-ray free-electron laser sources. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0509066v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0509066v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 8 September, 2005; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2005. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">22 pages, 11 figures, submitted</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> UCRL-JRNL-214796 </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23, 1179-1200 (2006) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0502059">arXiv:physics/0502059</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0502059">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0502059">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0502059">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Materials Science">cond-mat.mtrl-sci</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2008.10.008">10.1016/j.elspec.2008.10.008 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> An assessment of the resolution limitation due to radiation-damage in x-ray diffraction microscopy </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Howells%2C+M+R">M. R. Howells</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Beetz%2C+T">T. Beetz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cui%2C+C">C. Cui</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Holton%2C+J+M">J. M. Holton</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jacobsen%2C+C+J">C. J. Jacobsen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lima%2C+J+K+E">J. Kirz E. Lima</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marchesini%2C+S">S. Marchesini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Miao%2C+H">H. Miao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sayre%2C+D">D. Sayre</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shapiro%2C+D+A">D. A. Shapiro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0502059v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> X-ray diffraction microscopy (XDM) is a new form of x-ray imaging that is being practiced at several third-generation synchrotron-radiation x-ray facilities. Although only five years have elapsed since the technique was first introduced, it has made rapid progress in demonstrating high-resolution threedimensional imaging and promises few-nm resolution with much larger samples than can be imaged… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0502059v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0502059v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0502059v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> X-ray diffraction microscopy (XDM) is a new form of x-ray imaging that is being practiced at several third-generation synchrotron-radiation x-ray facilities. Although only five years have elapsed since the technique was first introduced, it has made rapid progress in demonstrating high-resolution threedimensional imaging and promises few-nm resolution with much larger samples than can be imaged in the transmission electron microscope. Both life- and materials-science applications of XDM are intended, and it is expected that the principal limitation to resolution will be radiation damage for life science and the coherent power of available x-ray sources for material science. In this paper we address the question of the role of radiation damage. We use a statistical analysis based on the so-called "dose fractionation theorem" of Hegerl and Hoppe to calculate the dose needed to make an image of a lifescience sample by XDM with a given resolution. We conclude that the needed dose scales with the inverse fourth power of the resolution and present experimental evidence to support this finding. To determine the maximum tolerable dose we have assembled a number of data taken from the literature plus some measurements of our own which cover ranges of resolution that are not well covered by reports in the literature. The tentative conclusion of this study is that XDM should be able to image frozen-hydrated protein samples at a resolution of about 10 nm with "Rose-criterion" image quality. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0502059v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0502059v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 10 February, 2005; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2005. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">9 pages, 4 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> UCRL-JRNL-208398 </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Journ. of El. Spect. & Rel. Phen. 170, pp 4-12 (2009). </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0405036">arXiv:physics/0405036</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0405036">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1795360">10.1063/1.1795360 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Use of extended and prepared reference objects in experimental Fourier transform X-ray holography </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=He%2C+H">H. He</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Howells%2C+M">M. Howells</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marchesini%2C+S">S. Marchesini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weierstall%2C+U">U. Weierstall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Padmore%2C+H+A">H. A. Padmore</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0405036v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The use of one or more gold nanoballs as reference objects for Fourier Transform holography (FTH) is analysed using experimental soft X-ray diffraction from objects consisting of separated clusters of these balls. The holograms are deconvoluted against ball reference objects to invert to images, in combination with a Wiener filter to control noise. A resolution of ~30nm, smaller than one ball, i… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0405036v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0405036v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0405036v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The use of one or more gold nanoballs as reference objects for Fourier Transform holography (FTH) is analysed using experimental soft X-ray diffraction from objects consisting of separated clusters of these balls. The holograms are deconvoluted against ball reference objects to invert to images, in combination with a Wiener filter to control noise. A resolution of ~30nm, smaller than one ball, is obtained even if a large cluster of balls is used as the reference, giving the best resolution yet obtained by X-ray FTH. Methods of dealing with missing data due to a beamstop are discussed. Practical prepared objects which satisfy the FTH condition are suggested, and methods of forming them described. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0405036v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0405036v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 7 May, 2004; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2004. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">7 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Applied Physics Letters</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Applied Physics Letters 85, 2454-2456 (2004) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0404073">arXiv:physics/0404073</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0404073">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0404073">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0404073">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108767304012395">10.1107/S0108767304012395 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Phasing diffuse scattering. Application of the SIR2002 algorithm to the non-crystallographic phase problem </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Carrozzini%2C+B">B. Carrozzini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cascarano%2C+G+L">G. L. Cascarano</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=De+Caro%2C+L">L. De Caro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giacovazzo%2C+C">C. Giacovazzo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marchesini%2C+S">S. Marchesini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=He%2C+H">H. He</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Howells%2C+M+R">M. R. Howells</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wu%2C+J+S">J. S. Wu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weierstall%2C+U">U. Weierstall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0404073v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> A new phasing algorithm has been used to determine the phases of diffuse elastic X-ray scattering from a non-periodic array of gold balls of 50 nm diameter. Two-dimensional real-space images, showing the charge-density distribution of the balls, have been reconstructed at 50 nm resolution from transmission diffraction patterns recorded at 550 eV energy. The reconstructed image fits well with sca… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0404073v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0404073v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0404073v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> A new phasing algorithm has been used to determine the phases of diffuse elastic X-ray scattering from a non-periodic array of gold balls of 50 nm diameter. Two-dimensional real-space images, showing the charge-density distribution of the balls, have been reconstructed at 50 nm resolution from transmission diffraction patterns recorded at 550 eV energy. The reconstructed image fits well with scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the same sample. The algorithm, which uses only the density modification portion of the SIR2002 program, is compared with the results obtained via the Gerchberg-Saxton-Fienup HIO algorithm. In this way the relationship between density modification in crystallography and the HiO algorithm used in signal and image processing is elucidated. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0404073v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0404073v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 15 April, 2004; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2004. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">7 pages, 12 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> UCRL-JRNL-203071 </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Acta Cryst. A60, 331-338 (2004). </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0403091">arXiv:physics/0403091</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0403091">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0403091">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0403091">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108767304010293">10.1107/S0108767304010293 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> SPEDEN: Reconstructing single particles from their diffraction patterns </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hau-Riege%2C+S+P">S. P. Hau-Riege</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Szoke%2C+H">H. Szoke</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Szoke%2C+A">A. Szoke</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marchesini%2C+S">S. Marchesini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Noy%2C+A">A. Noy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=He%2C+H">H. He</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Howells%2C+M+R">M. R. Howells</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weierstall%2C+U">U. Weierstall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0403091v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Speden is a computer program that reconstructs the electron density of single particles from their x-ray diffraction patterns, using a single-particle adaptation of the Holographic Method in crystallography. (Szoke, A., Szoke, H., and Somoza, J.R., 1997. Acta Cryst. A53, 291-313.) The method, like its parent, is unique that it does not rely on ``back'' transformation from the diffraction pattern… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0403091v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0403091v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0403091v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Speden is a computer program that reconstructs the electron density of single particles from their x-ray diffraction patterns, using a single-particle adaptation of the Holographic Method in crystallography. (Szoke, A., Szoke, H., and Somoza, J.R., 1997. Acta Cryst. A53, 291-313.) The method, like its parent, is unique that it does not rely on ``back'' transformation from the diffraction pattern into real space and on interpolation within measured data. It is designed to deal successfully with sparse, irregular, incomplete and noisy data. It is also designed to use prior information for ensuring sensible results and for reliable convergence. This article describes the theoretical basis for the reconstruction algorithm, its implementation and quantitative results of tests on synthetic and experimentally obtained data. The program could be used for determining the structure of radiation tolerant samples and, eventually, of large biological molecular structures without the need for crystallization. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0403091v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0403091v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 18 March, 2004; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2004. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">12 pages, 10 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> UCRL-ID-154574 </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Acta Cryst. A60, 294-305 (2004). </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0308064">arXiv:physics/0308064</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0308064">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0308064">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0308064">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.11.002344">10.1364/OE.11.002344 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Coherent X-ray Diffractive Imaging; applications and limitations </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marchesini%2C+S">S. Marchesini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hau-Riege%2C+S+P">S. P. Hau-Riege</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=London%2C+R+A">R. A. London</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Szoke%2C+A">A. Szoke</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=He%2C+H">H. He</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Howells%2C+M+R">M. R. Howells</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Padmore%2C+H">H. Padmore</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rosen%2C+R">R. Rosen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weierstall%2C+U">U. Weierstall</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0308064v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The inversion of a diffraction pattern offers aberration-free diffraction-limited 3D images without the resolution and depth-of-field limitations of lens-based tomographic systems, the only limitation being radiation damage. We review our experimental results, discuss the fundamental limits of this technique and future plans. </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0308064v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The inversion of a diffraction pattern offers aberration-free diffraction-limited 3D images without the resolution and depth-of-field limitations of lens-based tomographic systems, the only limitation being radiation damage. We review our experimental results, discuss the fundamental limits of this technique and future plans. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0308064v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0308064v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 15 August, 2003; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> August 2003. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">7 pages, 8 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> UCRL-JC-155105 </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Optics Express 11(19), 2344 (2003) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0306174">arXiv:physics/0306174</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0306174">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0306174">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0306174">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Condensed Matter">cond-mat</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability">physics.data-an</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.68.140101">10.1103/PhysRevB.68.140101 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> X-ray image reconstruction from a diffraction pattern alone </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marchesini%2C+S">S. Marchesini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=He%2C+H">H. He</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hau-Riege%2C+S+P">S. P. Hau-Riege</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Noy%2C+A">A. Noy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Howells%2C+M+R">M. R. Howells</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weierstall%2C+U">U. Weierstall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0306174v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> A solution to the inversion problem of scattering would offer aberration-free diffraction-limited 3D images without the resolution and depth-of-field limitations of lens-based tomographic systems. Powerful algorithms are increasingly being used to act as lenses to form such images. Current image reconstruction methods, however, require the knowledge of the shape of the object and the low spatial… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0306174v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0306174v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0306174v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> A solution to the inversion problem of scattering would offer aberration-free diffraction-limited 3D images without the resolution and depth-of-field limitations of lens-based tomographic systems. Powerful algorithms are increasingly being used to act as lenses to form such images. Current image reconstruction methods, however, require the knowledge of the shape of the object and the low spatial frequencies unavoidably lost in experiments. Diffractive imaging has thus previously been used to increase the resolution of images obtained by other means. We demonstrate experimentally here a new inversion method, which reconstructs the image of the object without the need for any such prior knowledge. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0306174v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0306174v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 12 September, 2003; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 24 June, 2003; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2003. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, 3 figures, improved figures and captions, changed title</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> UCRL-JC-153571 </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. B 68, 140101(R) (2003) </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary">  <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/contact.html"> Contact</a> </li> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>subscribe to arXiv mailings</title><desc>Click here to subscribe</desc><path d="M476 3.2L12.5 270.6c-18.1 10.4-15.8 35.6 2.2 43.2L121 358.4l287.3-253.2c5.5-4.9 13.3 2.6 8.6 8.3L176 407v80.5c0 23.6 28.5 32.9 42.5 15.8L282 426l124.6 52.2c14.2 6 30.4-2.9 33-18.2l72-432C515 7.8 493.3-6.8 476 3.2z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/subscribe"> Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/license/index.html">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/policies/privacy_policy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column sorry-app-links"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/web_accessibility.html">Web Accessibility Assistance</a></li> <li> <p class="help"> <a class="a11y-main-link" href="https://status.arxiv.org" target="_blank">arXiv Operational Status <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 256 512" class="icon filter-dark_grey" role="presentation"><path d="M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z"/></svg></a><br> Get status notifications via <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/email/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg>email</a> or <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/slack/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M94.12 315.1c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06S0 341 0 315.1c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h47.06v47.06zm23.72 0c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v117.84c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06s-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V315.1zm47.06-188.98c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06S139 32 164.9 32s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v47.06H164.9zm0 23.72c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H47.06C21.16 243.96 0 222.8 0 196.9s21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06H164.9zm188.98 47.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06h-47.06V196.9zm-23.72 0c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V79.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06V196.9zM283.1 385.88c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06v-47.06h47.06zm0-23.72c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06 0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h117.84c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H283.1z"/></svg>slack</a> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </footer> <script src="https://static.arxiv.org/static/base/1.0.0a5/js/member_acknowledgement.js"></script> </body> </html>

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