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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Expansiune_și_contracție" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansiune_și_contracție"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Expansiune și contracție</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansiune_și_contracție-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie_suplimentară" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie_suplimentară"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografie suplimentară</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie_suplimentară-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Big Bounce</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 16 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85" title="نظرية الارتداد العظيم – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظرية الارتداد العظيم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bounce" title="Big Bounce – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Big Bounce" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bounce" title="Big Bounce – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Big Bounce" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Rebote" title="Gran Rebote – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gran Rebote" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="جهش بزرگ – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جهش بزرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkuponnahdus" title="Alkuponnahdus – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alkuponnahdus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bounce" title="Big Bounce – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Big Bounce" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bounce" title="Big Bounce – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Big Bounce" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0%E3%83%90%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="ビッグバウンス – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビッグバウンス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B9%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81" title="Жойқын серпіліс – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жойқын серпіліс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%85_%EB%B0%94%EC%9A%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="빅 바운스 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빅 바운스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielkie_Odbicie" title="Wielkie Odbicie – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielkie Odbicie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Rebote" title="Grande Rebote – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grande Rebote" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Большой отскок – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Большой отскок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%A5_N%E1%BA%A3y_L%E1%BB%9Bn" title="Vụ Nảy Lớn – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vụ Nảy Lớn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%8D%E5%BD%88" title="大反彈 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大反彈" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q858624#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Big_Bounce" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Big_Bounce" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Big_Bounce"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Big_Bounce"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Big_Bounce" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Big_Bounce" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&oldid=15266452" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Big_Bounce&id=15266452&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBig_Bounce%26oldid%3D15266452"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBig_Bounce%26oldid%3D15266452"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Big+Bounce"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Big_Bounce&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Big_Bounce" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q858624" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info"><div id="viewingold-warning" class="plainlinks" style="background: #FFC; border: 1px solid #C88; color: #000000; font-weight: bold; margin: 2em 0 .5em; padding: .5em 1em; vertical-align: middle; clear: both;">Aceasta este o <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&action=history">versiune arhivată</a> a paginii, în urma modificării de către <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contribu%C8%9Bii/2A02:2F0C:C001:5200:1039:7B20:A6BF:1E6E" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contribuții/2A02:2F0C:C001:5200:1039:7B20:A6BF:1E6E" data-mw-revid="15266452"><bdi>2a02:2f0c:c001:5200:1039:7b20:a6bf:1e6e</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Utilizator:2A02:2F0C:C001:5200:1039:7B20:A6BF:1E6E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Discuție Utilizator:2A02:2F0C:C001:5200:1039:7B20:A6BF:1E6E — pagină inexistentă">discuție</a>)</span></span> la <span id="mw-revision-date">2 noiembrie 2022 21:27</span>. Diferențele față de <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bounce">versiunea curentă</a> pot fi semnificative.</div> <div id="viewingold-plain" style="display:none;">Versiune creată de <a href="/wiki/Special:Contribu%C8%9Bii/2A02:2F0C:C001:5200:1039:7B20:A6BF:1E6E" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contribuții/2A02:2F0C:C001:5200:1039:7B20:A6BF:1E6E" data-mw-revid="15266452"><bdi>2a02:2f0c:c001:5200:1039:7b20:a6bf:1e6e</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Utilizator:2A02:2F0C:C001:5200:1039:7B20:A6BF:1E6E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Discuție Utilizator:2A02:2F0C:C001:5200:1039:7B20:A6BF:1E6E — pagină inexistentă">discuție</a>)</span> la 2 noiembrie 2022 21:27</div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&diff=prev&oldid=15266452" title="Big Bounce">dif</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&direction=prev&oldid=15266452" title="Big Bounce">← Versiunea anterioară</a> | afișează versiunea curentă (dif) | Versiunea următoare → (dif)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks plainlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em">Parte dintr-o serie despre</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;padding-top:0;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cosmologie#Cosmologia_fizică" title="Cosmologie">Cosmologie fizică</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;border:0;font-weight:normal; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a> • <a href="/wiki/Univers" title="Univers">Univers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmos" title="Cosmos">Cosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A2rsta_universului" title="Vârsta universului">Vârsta universului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronologia_grafic%C4%83_a_universului" title="Cronologia grafică a universului">Cronologia universului</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;">Universul timpuriu</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;paddding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_Plank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unități Plank — pagină inexistentă">Epoca Planck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoca_marii_unific%C4%83ri" title="Epoca marii unificări">Epoca marii unificări</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoca_electroslab%C4%83" title="Epoca electroslabă">Epoca electroslabă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoca_quark" title="Epoca quark">Epoca quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoca_hadron" title="Epoca hadron">Epoca hadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoca_lepton" title="Epoca lepton">Epoca lepton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoca_foton" title="Epoca foton">Epoca foton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleosinteza_Big_Bang" title="Nucleosinteza Big Bang">Nucleosinteza Big Bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vid_fals" title="Vid fals">Vid fals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infla%C8%9Bie_cosmic%C4%83" title="Inflație cosmică">Inflație</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> Fundaluri</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie_cosmic%C4%83_de_fond" title="Radiație cosmică de fond">Radiație cosmică de fond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fond_cosmic_de_neutrini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fond cosmic de neutrini — pagină inexistentă">Fond cosmic de neutrini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fond_cosmic_infraro%C8%99u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fond cosmic infraroșu — pagină inexistentă">Fond cosmic infraroșu</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;">Expansiune • Viitor</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Hubble" title="Legea lui Hubble">Legea lui Hubble</a> • <a href="/wiki/Deplasare_spre_ro%C8%99u" title="Deplasare spre roșu">Deplasare spre roșu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansiunea_universului" title="Expansiunea universului">Expansiunea universului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accelerarea_expansiunii_universului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Accelerarea expansiunii universului — pagină inexistentă">Accelerarea expansiunii universului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modelul_Friedmann%E2%80%93Lema%C3%AEtre%E2%80%93Robertson%E2%80%93Walke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modelul Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walke — pagină inexistentă">Modelul FLRW</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecua%C8%9Biile_lui_Friedmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecuațiile lui Friedmann — pagină inexistentă">Ecuațiile lui Friedmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soarta_final%C4%83_a_universului" title="Soarta finală a universului">Soarta finală a universului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moartea_termic%C4%83_a_universului" title="Moartea termică a universului">Moartea termică a universului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rip" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Rip">Big Rip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Crunch" title="Big Crunch">Big Crunch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Big Bounce</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;">Componente • Structură</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;paddding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> Componente</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modelul_Lambda-CDM" title="Modelul Lambda-CDM">Modelul Lambda-CDM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materia_barionic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materia barionică — pagină inexistentă">Materia barionică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">Energie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie" title="Radiație">Radiație</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energie_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83" title="Energie întunecată">Energie întunecată</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chintesen%C8%9B%C4%83_(fizic%C4%83)" title="Chintesență (fizică)">Chintesență</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energie_fantom%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energie fantomă — pagină inexistentă">Energie fantomă</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materia_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83" title="Materia întunecată">Materia întunecată</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radia%C8%9Bie_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiație întunecată — pagină inexistentă">Radiație întunecată</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> Structură</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forma_universului" title="Forma universului">Forma universului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reionizare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reionizare — pagină inexistentă">Reionizare</a> • <a href="/wiki/Structura_%C8%99i_arhitectura_universului" title="Structura și arhitectura universului">Structura și arhitectura universului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formarea_%C8%99i_evolu%C8%9Bia_galaxiilor" class="mw-redirect" title="Formarea și evoluția galaxiilor">Formarea galaxiilor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popula%C8%9Bie_de_stele" title="Populație de stele">Populație de stele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filament_galactic" title="Filament galactic">Filament galactic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-roi_de_galaxii" title="Super-roi de galaxii">Super-roi de galaxii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roi_de_galaxii" title="Roi de galaxii">Roi de galaxii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grup_de_galaxii" title="Grup de galaxii">Grup de galaxii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupul_Local" title="Grupul Local">Grupul Local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxie" title="Galaxie">Galaxie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halou_(materia_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halou (materia întunecată) — pagină inexistentă">Halou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roi_stelar" title="Roi stelar">Roi de stele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem solar">Sistem solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_planetar" title="Sistem planetar">Sistem planetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vid_(astronomie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vid (astronomie)">Vid</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmologie_observa%C8%9Bional%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmologie observațională — pagină inexistentă">Experimente</a></div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BOOMERanG_experiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BOOMERanG experiment — pagină inexistentă">BOOMERanG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_Energy_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dark Energy Survey — pagină inexistentă">Dark Energy Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(nav%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Euclid (navă spațială)">Euclid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proiectul_Illustris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proiectul Illustris — pagină inexistentă">Proiectul Illustris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Large_Synoptic_Survey_Telescope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Large Synoptic Survey Telescope — pagină inexistentă">Large Synoptic Survey Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planck_(nav%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planck (navă spațială) — pagină inexistentă">Observatorul spațial Planck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloan_Digital_Sky_Survey" title="Sloan Digital Sky Survey">Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)</a></li> <li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy<br />Probe (WMAP)</a></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_cosmologi" title="Listă de cosmologi">Oameni de știință</a></li></ul></div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><div class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.9em;"> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Aaronson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Aaronson — pagină inexistentă">Aaronson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Asher_Alpher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Asher Alpher — pagină inexistentă">Alpher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somnath_Bharadwaj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somnath Bharadwaj — pagină inexistentă">Bharadwaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolaus Copernicus">Copernicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Sitter" title="Willem de Sitter">de Sitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Dicke" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert H. Dicke">Dicke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Eddington" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Arthur Eddington">Eddington</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCrgen_Ehlers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jürgen Ehlers — pagină inexistentă">Ehlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_F._R._Ellis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George F. R. Ellis — pagină inexistentă">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Friedmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Friedmann">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gamow" title="George Gamow">Gamow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Guth" title="Alan Guth">Guth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble">Hubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Georges Lemaître">Lemaître</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Linde" title="Andrei Linde">Linde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_Rubin" title="Vera Rubin">Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schwarzschild" title="Karl Schwarzschild">Schwarzschild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uro%C5%A1_Seljak" title="Uroš Seljak">Seljak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" class="mw-redirect" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Starobinskii" title="Alexei Starobinskii">Starobinskii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Steinhardt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Steinhardt — pagină inexistentă">Steinhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_B._Suntzeff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas B. Suntzeff — pagină inexistentă">Suntzeff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C8%99id_Siuneaev" title="Rașid Siuneaev">Siuneaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Tolman" title="Richard C. Tolman">Tolman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iakov_Borisovici_Zeldovici" class="mw-redirect" title="Iakov Borisovici Zeldovici">Zeldovici</a></li> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;display:block;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.6em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cosmologie_fizic%C4%83" title="Categorie:Cosmologie fizică">Categorii</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomie" title="Portal:Astronomie">Portal Astronomie</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top: 0.6em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Cosmologie" title="Format:Cosmologie"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Cosmologie" title="Discuție Format:Cosmologie"><abbr title="Discută acest format">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Cosmologie&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Big Bounce</b> (cu sensul de <i>Marea Revenire</i>) este un model teoretic științific al formării universului cunoscut. Implică modelul ciclic al <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>-ului sau interpretarea universului oscilant în care primul eveniment cosmologic a fost rezultatul prăbușirii unui univers anterior.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expansiune_și_contracție"><span id="Expansiune_.C8.99i_contrac.C8.9Bie"></span>Expansiune și contracție</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Expansiune și contracție" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Expansiune și contracție"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conform unor teoreticieni ai universului oscilatori, Big Bang-ul a fost pur și simplu începutul unei perioade de <a href="/wiki/Infla%C8%9Bie_cosmic%C4%83" title="Inflație cosmică">expansiune</a> care a urmat după o perioada de contracție. În această viziune, se poate vorbi de un <i><a href="/wiki/Big_Crunch" title="Big Crunch">Big Crunch</a></i>, urmat de un <i>Big Bang</i>, sau mai simplu, un <i>Big Bounce</i>. Acest lucru sugerează că am putea trăi în orice punct dintr-un șir infinit de universuri, sau invers, universul actual ar putea fi prima repetare a acestui șir infinit de universuri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/05/060515232747.htm">„Penn State Researchers Look Beyond The Birth Of The Universe”</a>. <i>Science Daily</i>. <time datetime="2006-05-17">17 mai 2006</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Daily&rft.atitle=Penn+State+Researchers+Look+Beyond+The+Birth+Of+The+Universe&rft.date=2006-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2006%2F05%2F060515232747.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABig+Bounce" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style> Referring to <cite class="citation journal">Ashtekar, Abhay (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). „Quantum Nature of the Big Bang”. <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review_Letters" title="Physical Review Letters">Physical Review Letters</a></i>. <b>96</b> (14): 141301. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0602086">gr-qc/0602086</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accesibil gratuit"><img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhRvL..96n1301A">2006PhRvL..96n1301A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.96.141301">10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.141301</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16712061">16712061</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Quantum+Nature+of+the+Big+Bang&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=141301&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fgr-qc%2F0602086&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16712061&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.96.141301&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006PhRvL..96n1301A&rft.aulast=Ashtekar&rft.aufirst=Abhay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABig+Bounce" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie_suplimentară"><span id="Bibliografie_suplimentar.C4.83"></span>Bibliografie suplimentară</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie suplimentară" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie suplimentară"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Magueijo, João (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <i>Faster than the Speed of Light: the Story of a Scientific Speculation</i>. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0738205257" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0738205257">0738205257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faster+than+the+Speed+of+Light%3A+the+Story+of+a+Scientific+Speculation&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Perseus+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0738205257&rft.aulast=Magueijo&rft.aufirst=Jo%C3%A3o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABig+Bounce" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Bojowald, Martin (<time datetime="2008">2008</time>). „Follow the Bouncing Universe”. <i>Scientific American</i>. <b>299</b> (October 2008): 44–51. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18847084">18847084</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Follow+the+Bouncing+Universe&rft.volume=299&rft.issue=October+2008&rft.pages=44-51&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18847084&rft.aulast=Bojowald&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABig+Bounce" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Univers" title="Univers">Univers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multivers" title="Multivers">Multivers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bounce&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/html/physics/9812021v2">Dark Matter, Antimatter, and Time-Symmetry</a>, Trevor Pitts, 1999</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.psu.edu/news-and-events/2006-news/Ashtekar5-2006.htm/">Penn State Researchers Look Beyond The Birth Of The Universe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100225174459/http://www.science.psu.edu/news-and-events/2006-news/Ashtekar5-2006.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2010-02-25">25 februarie 2010</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (Penn State) 12 mai 2006</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.psu.edu/news-and-events/2007-news/Bojowald6-2007.htm/">What Happened Before the Big Bang?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101013152619/http://www.science.psu.edu/news-and-events/2007-news/Bojowald6-2007.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2010-10-13">13 octombrie 2010</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (Penn State) 1 iulie 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gravity.psu.edu/outreach/articles/bigbounce.pdf">From big bang to big bounce</a> (Pen State) NewScientist 13 decembrie 2008</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/h303472950450007/">SpringerLink - Gravitation and Cosmology, Volume 16, Number 4</a><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Sf%C3%A2r%C8%99itul_lumii" title="Format:Sfârșitul lumii"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Sf%C3%A2r%C8%99itul_lumii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Sfârșitul lumii — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Sf%C3%A2r%C8%99itul_lumii&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A2r%C8%99itul_lumii" title="Sfârșitul lumii">Sfârșitul lumii</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Treilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Al Treilea Război Mondial">Al Treilea Război Mondial</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Apocalips%C4%83" title="Apocalipsă">Apocalipsa</a> lui <a href="/wiki/Apocalipsa_lui_Ioan" title="Apocalipsa lui Ioan">Ioan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> (<a href="/wiki/Cele_%C8%99apte_tr%C3%A2mbi%C8%9Be" title="Cele șapte trâmbițe">Cele șapte trâmbițe</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cele_%C8%99apte_pece%C8%9Bi" title="Cele șapte peceți">Cele șapte peceți</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cele_%C8%99apte_potire" title="Cele șapte potire">Cele șapte potire</a>)  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Armaghedon" title="Armaghedon">Armaghedon</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Moartea_termic%C4%83_a_Universului" class="mw-redirect" title="Moartea termică a Universului">Moartea termică a Universului</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Big Bounce</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Big_Crunch" title="Big Crunch">Big Crunch</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Marea_ruptur%C4%83" title="Marea ruptură">Big Rip</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catastrofism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catastrofism — pagină inexistentă">Catastrofism</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Colapsul_societ%C4%83%C8%9Bii" title="Colapsul societății">Colapsul societății</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dec%C4%83dere_urban%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decădere urbană — pagină inexistentă">Decădere urbană</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Dispari%C8%9Bia_omului" title="Dispariția omului">Dispariția omului</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Escatologie" title="Escatologie">Escatologie</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faza_planetar%C4%83_a_civiliza%C8%9Biei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faza planetară a civilizației — pagină inexistentă">Faza planetară a civilizației</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Holocaustul_nuclear" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaustul nuclear">Holocaustul nuclear</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Iarn%C4%83_nuclear%C4%83" title="Iarnă nucleară">Iarnă nucleară</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Judecata_de_Apoi" title="Judecata de Apoi">Judecata de Apoi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pandemie" title="Pandemie">Pandemie</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Qiyamah" title="Qiyamah">Qiyamah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Ragnarök</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Riscurile_existen%C8%9Biale" title="Riscurile existențiale">Riscurile existențiale</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A2r%C8%99itul_lumii" title="Sfârșitul lumii">Sfârșitul 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